LCA as a basis for eco design for lift systems by Schindler AG Event LCM Conference 2013, Goteborg Author Fredy Dinkel Carbotech AG, Basel
[email protected]
Page 1 LCA & eco design for Schindler lift systems, LCM Goteborg 2013
www.carbotech.ch
Carbotech Environmental consultancy • Company founded in 1987 • About 30 employees • LCA group of 8 persons • Headquarter in Basel and office in Zurich, Switzerland
Corporate presentation
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Overview 1. Schindler LCA 1999: detecting the relevance 2. Lesson learnt: LCA 2012 3. Does it make sense to use Neodymium magnets 4. Conclusions
Page 3 LCA & eco design for Schindler lift systems, LCM Goteborg 2013
www.carbotech.ch
LCA of Schindler lifts in the year 1999 System boundary Life Cycle Model for Elevators R&D incl. tests
Raw mat. acq. & Material pre-prod.
Production
Logistics & Installation
Usage
End of Life/ Disposal
Recycling
Office activities Tests
EC100
EC100
Packaging
EC200
EC200
Transports
EC300
EC300
EC400
EC400
EC500
EC500
EC600
EC600
Third party -> KWs KWs à DOC 3rd party à DOC DOC à Harbour Harbour à Constr. site DOC à Constr. site
Installation EC900
Energy demand VDI4707 Preventive & Corrective MaintenanceS Service travels Replacement mat. EC900
Incineration - MSWI - HWIP
Landfill - sanitary - inert material - residual material
Transports Packaging Repl. Mat.
Waste & emissions (air, water, soil) Energy supply Raw material mining and working (incl. auxiliary materials) www.carbotech.ch
Environmental impacts of the Schindler elevator S100T
Results from the earlier LCA (1999) of the elevator S100T
(expected life time 30 years)
relative environ. impacts [UBP 97]
90% 80% 70% 60%
Disposal best case
50%
Disposal worst case
40% 30% 20% 10% 0% R&D
materials
assembly
logistics & installation
use phase
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Disposal
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Environmental impacts of the used material S100T: material used
Results from the earlier LCA (1999) of the elevator S100T ..
Ecological scarcity 1997 [ UBP ]
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0% drive
car
hoistway
cables
control
others
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Findings • The use phase is the most relevant • R&D has nearly zero environmental impacts but • the decisions taken in this stage is responsible for the environmental impacts over the life cycle of the lift • based on LCA data (PeCoPit), Carbotech and Schindler developed a simple tool for the designer helping them to estimate the environmental impacts of the material choices.
Page 7 LCA & eco design for Schindler lift systems, LCM Goteborg 2013
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Comparison between the old lift (S100) with the new one (S3100)
Improvement between 1999 und 2011
relative environmental impacts
120% Other (assembly, installation, maintenance, disposal)
100% 80%
Raw material for elevator
60% 40%
Operation (standby and travel energy)
20% 0% S100
S3100
Ecological Scarcity 2006: Total
S100
S3100
Eco-Indicator 99, (H,A): Total
S100
S3100
ReCiPe Endpoint (H,A): Total
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Actual question: Neodymium There is an increasing demand for permanent synchronic drive motors because of • High energy efficiency • Small size But • The production of the rare earth Neodymium is linked with high environmental impacts • Production rates and monopoly position in China Page 9
LCA & eco design for Schindler lift systems, LCM Goteborg 2013
www.carbotech.ch
Goal of the study To answer the following questions: • Which drive is more eco friendly? • Asynchronic drive- using more copper or • Synchronic drive with • Neodymium or • Ferrite
• What are the main influence factors?
System boundaries: • Production and disposal of the drive • Use phase Page 10
LCA & eco design for Schindler lift systems, LCM Goteborg 2013
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What are the main differences •
•
•
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Synchronic drive with Neodymium: Reduction of copper but use of Neodymium magnets Synchronic drive with ferrite: Ferrite instead of Neodymium but the drive has to be larger to achieve the same efficiency Synchronic drives are more efficient
LCA & eco design for Schindler lift systems, LCM Goteborg 2013
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Production of the drive In a drive of about 350 kg There is only about 3 kg of Neodymium magnet reducing about 9 kg of copper The environmental impacts are similar Page 12
LCA & eco design for Schindler lift systems, LCM Goteborg 2013
www.carbotech.ch
Comparison of the system Taking into account the use phase • Short trip • • • •
Trip time Start interval Average trips per year Energy reduction synchronic drive
7s distance 6.4 m 20 s Max. trips per hour 180 150’000 20% - 30%
• Express (long) trip • • • • Page 13
Trip time Start interval Average trips per year Energy reduction synchronic drive
31 s distance 48 m 45 s Max. trips per hour 70 50’000 13% - 30%
LCA & eco design for Schindler lift systems, LCM Goteborg 2013
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Comparison of the production and use of three types of drive machines in a lift systems
System boundary: production and disposal of the drive. No other components of the lift are taken into account because they are equal. Electricity mix Europe Life time 25 years Page 14
LCA & eco design for Schindler lift systems, LCM Goteborg 2013
www.carbotech.ch
Discussion Materials • The asynchronic drive has a similar environmental impact compared to the synchronic drives Energy use • Synchronic drives are much more efficient and the energy use is dominant. Thus the overall environmental impacts are lower compared to an asynchronic drive. Conclusion • Despite the fact that the production of Neodymium is linked with high environmental impacts, it effects an overall reduction of environmental impacts if is used in lift systems. Page 15
LCA & eco design for Schindler lift systems, LCM Goteborg 2013
www.carbotech.ch
Conclusions Decision making • The LCA approach is used for important environmental decisions because it is a powerful tool giving insights into the whole life cycle. • The knowledge from LCA studies are and will be used for eco design in lift system development by Schindler. Communication • Furthermore the LCA information is used for costumer information given as EPD type III declaration according to ISO 14’025. Page 16
LCA & eco design for Schindler lift systems, LCM Goteborg 2013
www.carbotech.ch
Thank you for your attention!
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LCA & eco design for Schindler lift systems, LCM Goteborg 2013
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