Page 1 of 423. LoNcMAN. INTRODT]CTORY COTJRSE. FORTHE TOEFTTEST. THE. PAPER. TEST. DEBORAH PHILLIPS. TOEFL@ is the regis
LoNcMAN INTRODT]CTORY COTJRSE FORTHE
TOEFTTEST
THE PAPER TEST
DEBORAH PHILLIPS TOEFL@ is the registered trademark of Educational Testing Service. This publication is not endorsed or approved by ETS.
CCNTENTS
II\ITRODUCTION
1X
SECTION ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST LISTENING COMPREHENSION
The Listening Part A Questions SKILL 1: Restatements EXERCISE 1 IOEFL EXERCISE
SKILL
2:
3
9
10 11
t2 13
1
Negatives
t4
l4
!5FFft%',"crsE2 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE SKILL
3:
Suggestions
3 ISEFftT,i.crsE |OE,FL REVIEW EXERCISE
.T
(Skills I-2)
15
t6
l6 t7 (Skills 1-3)
iB 18
SKILL 4: Passives EXERCISE 4 TOEFL EXERCISE, 4 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills I-4)
22
SKILL 5: Who and where EXERCISE 5 TOEFL EXERCISE 5 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-5)
23 24 24 25
SKILL
6:
Agreement
E.XE,RCISE 6
TOEFL EXERCISE 6 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-6)
The Listening Part B Questions SKILL 7: The questions EXERCISE 7 SKILL
8:
EXE,RCISE
The topic B
SKILL 9: The order of the answers EXERCISE 9 TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 7-9)
t9 20
2l
26 27 27 28 30 32 32 34 34 35 36 37
ill
IV
CONTENTS
The Listening Part C Questions SKILL 10: The questions E,XE,RCISE,
T
40 10
O
SKILL 1 1: The topic E,XERCISE,
38
42 12
11
SKILL 12: The order of the answers E.XE,RCISE, 12
TOE,FL EXERCISE (Skills 10- 12)
TOEFL POST-TEST
43 14 15 46
SE,CTION TWO: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN
EXPRESSION DIAGNOSTIC PRE.TE,ST STRUCTURE, AND WRTTTEN EXPRESSION
62
The Structure Questions
63
SKILL
1:
Subjects and verbs
EXE,RCISE,
SKILL
2:
1
Objects of prepositions
E,XE.RCISE
2
EXERCISE, (Skills 1-2) TOE,FL EXERCISE, (Skills
SKILL
3:
E.XERCISE,
SKILL
4:
l-2)
Present participles 3
Past participles
E,XERCISE, 4
EXERCISE, (Skills 3-4)
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 3-4) TOEFL REVIE,W EXE,RCISE (Skills 1-4)
SKILL
5:
E,XERCISE,
SKILL
6:
EXERCISE,
Coordinate connectors 5
Adverb clause connectors 6
EXERCISE (Skills 5-6) TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 5-6) TOEFL REVIEW EXE,RCISE (Skills 1-6)
SKILL
7:
E,XERCISE
SKILL
B:
EXE,RCISE,
Noun clause connectors 7
Noun clause connector/subjects 8
55
61 65 66 67 67 68 69 70 70 72 72 73
71 75
76 76 77 7B
79 BO B1
82 B2 B4
E,XERCISE (Skills 7-8) TOE,FL E,XERCISE (Skills 7-8)
81
TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-B)
86
B5
CONTENTS
SKILL
9:
Adjective clause connectors
B7
E,XE,RCISE 9
88
SKILL 10: Adjective clause connector/subjects EXERCISE 10 EXERCISE (Skills 9-10) TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 9-10) TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-10)
89 90
The Written Expression Questions SKILL 1 1: Agreement after prepositional phrases EXERCISE
11
SKILL 12: Agreement after expressions of quantity EXERCISE,
12
SKILL 13: Agreement after certain words EXERCISE 13 EXERCISE (Skills 1 1-1 3) TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 11-13) TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-13)
9I 9I 92 94 95 96 96 97 98 9B
99 100 101
SKILL 11: Parallel stmcture with coordinate conjunctions
r02
EXERCISE,
103
14
SKILL 1 5: Parallel structure with paired conjunctions
t04
EXERCISE, 15 EXE,RCISE (Skills I4-1 5)
105 105
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills I1-1 s) TOE,FL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-15)
106
SKILL 16: Past participles after have
108 108
EXERCISE
16
r07
SKILL 17: Present participles or past participles after be EXERCISE 17
109
SKILL 18: Base form verbs after modals EXERCISE 18 EXERCISE (Skills 16-1 8) TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 16-1 B) TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-18)
110 110
109
111 111
SKILL 19: Singular and plural nouns
tt2 rt4
EXERCISE 19
t14
SKILL 20: Countable and uncountable nouns
115
EXERCISE, 20
rt6
EXERCISE (Skills 19-20) TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 19-20) TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills r-20)
t16 l17
SKILL 2I: Subject and object pronouns EXERCISE 21
rt9
118
r20
Vi
CONTENTS
SKILL 22: Possessives EXERCISE 22 SKILL 23: Pronoun reference EXERCISE 23 EXERCISE (Skills 2l-23) TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 2l-23) TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-23) SKILL 24: Adjectives and adverbs EXERCISE 24 SKILL 25: Adjectives after linking verbs EXERCISE 25 EXERCISE (Skills 24-25) TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 24-25) TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-25)
TOEFL POST.TEST
120
t2r t22 t22 123
124 125
126
t27 r28 129 130
130 131
133
SECTION THREE: READING COMPREHENSION DIAGNOSTIC PRE.TEST READING COMPREHENSION
t43
The Reading Comprehension Questions
155
SKILL l: Main idea questions TOEFL EXERCISE 1 SKILL 2: Stated detail questions TOEFL EXERCISE 2 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1*2) SKILL 3: Unstated detail questions TOEFL EXERCISE 3 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-3)
r54 156 158
160 162 165 168
170 172
SKILL 4: Implied detail questions TOEFL EXERCISE 4 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-4)
179
SKILL 5: Vocabulary in context questions TOEFL EXERCISE 5 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-5)
183 186
SKILL 6: "f,Vhere" questions TOEFL EXERCISE 6 TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-6)
TOEFL POST-TEST
175
t76 r82
189
190
t93 198
,-----r--
r
I
CONTENTS
TEST OF WRITTEN ENGLISH (TWE) The Writing Score Sample
E
ssays
Before Writing SKILL 1: The writing topic SKILL 2: The supporting ideas
While Writing SKILL SKILL SKILL
After
3: 4: 5:
212
212
2rB 2rB 221
224 224 226 229
23r
Hi::
SKILL
The introductory paragraph The supporting paragraphs The concluding paragraph
21r
7:
Edit sentence structure
231
6,{: Simple sentence structure 68: Compound sentence structure 6C: Complex sentence structure
23r
Edit written expression A: Agreement and parallel structure 7B: Verbs and nouns 7C: Pronouns and ad'iectives 7
233 235 238 238 239 240
practice Tests
241
COMPLETE TESTS
243
COMPLE,TE, TEST ONE-INTRODUCTORY LEVEL
COMPLETE TEST TWO-INTRODUCTORY LEVE,L COMPLETE TEST THREE-TOEFL LEVE,L
APPENDIXES APPENDIX A: Similar sounds APPE,NDIX B: Prepositions APPENDIX C: Word endings APPENDIX D: Irregular verb forms APPENDIX E: Word parts
SCORES AND CHARTS Progress Chart Scoring Complete Test Three Diagnostic Charts
245 269 293 319 321 328 330 334 338 351
353
354 357
ANSWER SHEETS
365
RECORDING SCRIPT ANSWER KEY
381
407
vll
INTRODUCTION
ABOUT THIS COURSE PURPOSE OF THE COURSE
This course is intended to prepare students for the paper version of the TOEFL' (Test of English as ;r Foreign Language) test. It is based on the most up-to-date information available on the format and content of the paper TOEFL test. Longman Introductor,'Course fbr the TOEFL Test: The Paper Test carr be used in a variety of rvar.s, depending on the needs of the reader:
L It can be used as the primary
te'xt in a course emphasizing TOEFL test preparation. 2. It car-r be usecl as a supplementiuJ text in a more general ESL course. 3. Along lr,ith its comparnion audio program, it can be used as a tool for indirridualized study bv students preparing for the TOEFL test outside of the ESL classroom.
LEVEL OF THE BOOK
Longnun Introductor\ Course lbr the TOEFL Test: The Paper Test is intended for students rvhose TOEFL scores are in the 380-.180 range on the paper TOEFL test. This text starts belon' the leve-l of the TOEFL test and continues up to the level of Ihe easier questiorts on the TOEFL test. It presents and practices those language skills that appear regularly on the paper TOEFL test and are appropriate to this ler,,el. This book is intended to be used by students rvho are interested in preparing for the paper TOEFL test but rvho are not yet readv for all of the materials found on this test. It can be used
most effectively to introduce lorver-level TOEFL skills and strategies prior to the studv of the more ndvanced Longmart Preparation Course for tlrc TOEFL Test: Tlrc Paper Test.
WHAT IS IN THE BOOK This book contains a var-ietv of materials rvhich together provide a comprehensive preparation program:
. Diagnostic
Pre-Tests for each section of the test measure students' level of performance and allor,v students to determine specific areas of 'uveakness. . Language Skills for each section of the test, inch-rding the Test of Written English (TWE), provide students r,r'ith a thorough Llnde'rstanding of the language skills that are regularly tested on the TOEFL test. . Test-Taking Strategies for each section of the test provide students with clearly defined steps to maxinrize the'ir performance on the test. o Exercises provide practice of one or more skills in a non-TOEFL format. . TOEFL Exercises pror,'ide practice of one or more skills in a TOEFL format. . TOEFL Review Exercises pror,ide practice of all of the skills taught up to that point in a TOEFL format.
IX
X
INTRODUCTION
. TOEFL r .
Post-Tests tor each section of the test measure the progress that students hz.ne made after rvorking through the skills and stratc'gies in the text. Introductory-Level Complete Practice Tests allorv students to revieu, all of the ls11,E-1--ls1,gl skills taught throughor"rt the te.xt in TOEFL-folmat tests. A TOEFL-LeveI Complete Practice Test provides students rvith the opportunitv to see hor,r' the skills they have learned in this tert r,r'ill be incorporated into an actual TOEFL test. This test also provides students rvith the opportunity to determine their approximate TOEFL SCOTCS.
. Scoring Information . . . .
allor.l,s students to deterrnine their approximate TOEFL scores on the TOIIFL-Level Con-rplete Practice Test. Diagnostic Charts allos' students to monitor their progress in specific language skills on the Pre-Tests, Post-Tests, ancl Complete Tests so that thev can easilv determine which skills have been mastered and rvhich skills require turther studv. Progress Charts allort students to monitor their score inrpror.ement from the Pre-Tests to the Post-Tests and Complete Tests. Recording Scripts allorv students to see thc' text of all the listening exercises and tests included on the audiocassettes/audio CDs. Answer Sheets allorv students to practice using appropriate test forms.
WHAT IS ON THE CD-ROM Longntan Introductoty CD-ROA.I for the TOEFL Test: The Paper lesl, rvith over 900 questions in the torrnat of the paper TOEFL test and 120 additional u'riting-practice questions, includes a varietv of materials that contribute lo an effective preparation program for the paper version of the TOEFL test:
. An Overview describes the features of the CD-ROM. . Skills Practice Sections for each of the sections on the paper
version of the TOEFL test, including the Test of Written English (TWE), prol,ide students rvith the opportunity ro
.
revien, and master each of the language skills on the test. Test Sections for each section of the paper version of the TOEFL test allor,r, stndents to take authentic test sections and to measure their progress. Writing tests can be printed for feedback and review..
. Answers . .
and Explanations for all practice and test items allou' students to understand their errors and learn from their mistakes. Skill Reports relate the test items on the CD-ROM to the laneuage skills presented in the book. Scoring and Record-Keeping enable students to record and print out charts that keep track of their progress on all practice and test items.
The follor.r'ing charl describes the contenls of the CD-ROM:
INTRODUCTION
SKILLS PRACTICE
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Short Dialogues
1 2 Skill3 Skill4 Skill 5 Skill 6 Skill
Conversations Conversation Conversation Conversation
1 2 3
Talks Talk
1 2 Talk 3 Tolk
STRUCTURE
Structure
AND WRITTEN
Skills
EXPRESSION
Listening Comprehension 10 10 10 10 10 10
Skill
l-2 Skills 3-4 Skills 5-6 Skills 7-B Skills 9-10
SECTION TESTS
questions questions questions questions questions questions
Tests Test I Test 2 Test 3
50 questions 50 questions 50 questions
4 questions 4 questions 4 questions
4 questions 4 questions 4 questions
20 20 20 20 20
questions questions questions questions questions
Structure and Written Expression Tests Test 1 40 questions Test 2 40 questions Test 3 40 questions Test 4 40 questions Test 5 40 questions
Written Expression
1-13 14-15 Skills l6-lB Skills 19-20 Skills 2l-23 Skills 24-25 Skills |
Skills
READING COMPREHENSION
20 20 20 20 20 20
questions questions questions questions questions questions
Main ldea Questions Skill l 3 questions Skill 1 4 questions Skill I 4 questions Stated Detail Questions Skill 2 5 questions Skill2 7 questions Skills l-2 B questions
Reading Comprehension Tests
1 2 Test 3
Test Test
50 questions 50 questions 50 questions
XI
Xii
INTRODUCTION
SKILLS PRACTICE
READING COMPREHENSION
(continued)
SECTION TESTS
Unstated Detail Questions Skill 3 6 questions Skill 3 6 questions Skills 1-3 7 questions
lmplied Detail Questions
4 Skill 4 Skills 1-4 Skill
5 questions 5 questions 10 questions
Vocabulary in Context Questions Skill 5 B questions Skill 5 7 questions Skills l-5 9 questions ,,Where,,
eUeStiOnS
Skill6 Skill 6 Skillsl-6 TEST OF WRITTEN
ENGLISH (TWE)
6 questions 7 questions questions
il
Before and While Writing Skills 16 questions Skills 16 questions Skills 16 questions
1-5 1-5 1-5
After Writing
Skill6 SkillTA Skill 78 SkillTC
20 20 20 20
questions questions questions questions
TWE Tests
1 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 Test 6 Test 7 Test 8 Test 9 Test 10 Test Test
1 question 1 question 1 question 1 question 1 question 1 question 1 question 1 question 1 question 1 question
This CD-ROM ha.s been devcloped spe-cificallv to provicle practice opporttrnities for the paper TOEFL test. To the ertent possible, all qtrestion formats simulate those on the actual paper TOEFL test :ind the Test of Written English (TWE). WHAT
15
ON THE AUDIO PROGRAM
The audio program, u'hich can be pr-rrchased to accompan-v this book, includes all the recorded material flom the I-istening Comprehension section. This program is available on eitherar"rdio CDs clraudiocassettes. Trackine infclrmation is inclucled u'ith the ar-rdio CDs.
INTRODUCTION
OTH ER AVAILABLE MATERIALS
Longman publishes a full suite of materials for TOEFL preparation, lor both the paper and computer-based tests ernd for both intermediate and advanced stuclents. Preparation materials
are available for both course-based instn-rction and self-str-rdr.. Ple:rse contact Lonsman's rvebsite-ll'rvrv. longman. com-for a cornpletc- I i st of t hese prodtrc t s.
ABOUT THE PAPER VERSION OF THE TOEFL TEST OVERVIEW OF THE TEST The TOEFL test is a test to measure the English proficiencv of nonnative speakers of English. bv English-langr-rage' colleges and universities. Additionalh., institutions such as governntent agencies, businesses, or scholarship programs mav require this test. The TOEFL test ctlrl'entlv erists in paper and conrpr.rter formats. (The pulpose of this book is to prepart- stttdents for the Daper version of the TOEFL test. Thc-r'e are other Longman products to prepare students for the conlputer \.er-sion of the TOEFL test.)
It is required prinrzrrilv
DESCRIPTION OF THE TEST The paper version of the TOEFL test cLrrrentlv has the lbllou'ing sectir-rns:
' Listening Comprehension: '
To demonstrate their abilitv to understa.nd spoken English, examinees must listen to r,arious tvpes of passa-qes on a recording and respond to multiplechoice questions about the passages. Structure and Written Expression: To de'monstrate their abilitr, to recognize gramnaticallv correct English, eraminees must either- choose the correct rvav to complete sentences
or find errors in sentences. ' Reading Comprehension: To demonstrate their abilitv to unclersland rvritten English, eraminees must answer multiple-choice questions about the ideas and the meanings of r.vords in reading passages. o Test of Written English (TWE): To demonstrate their abilitv to produce correct, organized, and meaningful English, eraminees must u"rite an essav on a given topic in 30 minuters. The TWE is not given rvith everl' administration of the paper TOEFL test, and its score is not included in the overall TOEFI- score. It is possible for-r.r.ru to determine rr,'hether or not the TWE rvill be given at a patlicttlar administration of the TOEFL test u,hen vou re_eister for the test. The probable format of a paper TOEFL test is outlined belon'. (It should be noted that on certain unannounced occasions a longer version of the paper TOEFL test is given.) SECTION
QUESTIONS
TIME
Listening Comprehension
50 multiple-choice questions
35 minutes
Structure and Written Expression
40 multiple-choice questions
25 minutes
Reading Comprehension
50 multiple-choice questions
55 minutes
Test of Written English (TWE)
1 essay
question
30 minutes
xill
INTRODUCTION
XIV
REGISTRATION FOR THE TEST
It is important to understand the follorving information about registration for the TOEFL test:
.
The first step in the registration process is to obtain a copv of the TOEFL Inf'ormation Bulletin. This bulletin can be obtained bv ordering it or dorvnloading it fiom the TOEFL rvebsite u,ww.toefl.org, by calling l-609-'t'71-7100, or by mailing a request to this address;
TOEFL Serr ices Educational Testing Sen'ice P.O. Box 6151 Princeton, NJ 08541-6151 USA
. From the bulletin, it is possible to determine
rvhen and rvhere the paper version of the TOEFL test is being given. It is important to pay attention to registration deadlines. Registration deadlines are listed in the TOEFL Infonnation Bulletin; they are gene-rally four u,eeks before test dates for test centers in the United States and Canada and six u'eeks before test dates for test centers overseas. The registration deadlines listed in the TOEFL Infonnation Bulletin are dates by rvhich registration requests must be received by ETS; they are not dates by which registration requests must be mailed. Procedures for completing the registration form and subrnitting it are listed in the TOEFL Inforntation Bulletin. These procedures must be follorved exactly. Contact information for submitting registration forms foom different pafts of the lr,orld is listed in the TOEFL Information Bulletin.
HOW THE TEST IS SCORED Students should keep the following inforrnation in mind about the scoring of the paper TOEFL test:
. . . r
The paper version of the TOEFL test is scored on a scale of 217 ro 677 points. There is no passing score on the TOEFL test, but various institutions and organizations have their orvn TOEFL requirements. It is imporlant for str"rdents to find out from each institution or organization what TOEFL score is required by that institution or organization. The Test of Written English (TWE) mav or may not be given at a particular administration of the TOEFL test. If the TWE is given, it is scored on a scale of I to 6, and this score is not included in the overall TOEFL score. The dates rvhen scores will be mailed out are listed in the TOEFL InfbrnrcLtion Bulletin. Scores are generallv mailed out approximatelv five rveeks after the test date for test centers in the United States and Canada and approximately six s,eeks after the test date for overseas centers.
INTRODUCTION xv
TO THE STUDENT HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE PAPER VERSION OF THE TOEFL TEST The paper version of the TOEFL test is a standardized test of English. To do well on this test, you should therefore rvork in these areas to improve voltr score:
r r
You must \\,ork to improve vour knor,r,4edge of the English language skills that are covered on the paper version of the TOEFL test.
You must understand the test-laking stra.tegies that are appropriate for the paper version of the TOEFL test. o Yorr must take practice /esls with a focus on applf ing your knowledge of the appropriate language skills and test-taking strategies.
This book can familiarize vou rvith the English language skills and test-taking strategies necessara/ for the paper version of the TOEFL test, and it can also provide 1.'ou with a considerable amount of test practice. Additional practice of the English language skills, test-taking strategies, and tests for the paper version of the TOEFL test are found on the CD-ROM. HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
This book provides a '"'ariety of materials to help you prepare for the paper version of the TOEFL test. Follorving these steps can help vou to get the most out of this book:
.
Take the Diagnostic Pre-Test at the beginning of each section. When vou take the Pre-Test, try to reprodr-rce the conditions and time pressure of a real TOEFL test. (A) Take each section of the test ."r,ithout interruption.
(B) Work on one section at a time. (C) Use the answer sheets fi-om the back of the book. (D) Use a pencil to fill in the ansrver oval completely. (E) Erase any changes that vou make carefulh'. If ansrvers are not completely erased on the actual TOEFL answer sheet, they rnill be marked wrong. each test section. Yotr need to experience the time pressure that exists on the actual TOEFL test. (G) Play the recording one time onlv during the test. (You mav play it more times u'hen vou are reviewing the test.) (H) Mark onlv your ansrver sheet. You cannot r.vrite in a TOEFL test booklet.
(F) Time vourself for
. After you complete the Pre-Test,
you should check your answers, diagnose vour incorect your results. answers, and record (A) Check volrr ans\{ers using the Answer Kev at the back of the book (if it is included) or according to the teacher'.s instmctions. (B) Complete the appropriate part of the Diagnostic Charts on pages 357 -363 to determine which langtrage skills you have already mastered and r.r'hich need further study. (C) Record vour results on the Progress Chaft on page 353.
XVi
INTRODUCTION
Wbrk tl'rrough tlre presentation and exercises for each section, payrin-u parlicular attcntion to the skills that cattsed volt prrrblems in the Pre-Test. Each tinre lhat vou complete a TOEFLformat erercise, trv to simulate the conditions and time pressure of a real TOEFL test.
(A) For listening questions, plav the recording one tinre only. Do not stop the lecgrding betrveen questions.
(B) For strLlcture qltestions, allorv vourselt
one n-rinute for trvo qurestions. (For exanrple, votr should take fir'e minutes for an exerci-se u'ith ten questions.) (C) For reading comprehension cluestions, allorv vourself one minute for one cluestion. (For erample, if a reading passage has ten questions, vou should allor.v yotrrself ten minlrtes to t'ead the passage ancl ansrver the ten questions.)
When fttrther practice on a spccific point is included in an Appendir, a note in the text directs vou to this practice. Complete the Appendix exercises on a specific point u,hen the text directs vou to those exercises and it is an area that vou need to inrprove. When I'ott have completed all the skilis exercises for a section, take the Post-Test for that section. Follorv the directions above to repr-oduce the conditions and tirne pressure of a real TOEFL test. After vou complete- the Posl-Test, follorv the directions above to check 1'our answers, diagnose votrr incorrecI al)s\\'ers, and record votrr results. When -vou have corr"rpleted approximatelv half of the course n-raterial, take the first of the Introcluctory-Ler,el Complete Tests. Be sure to reproducc' tlre conditions and time pressure of a real test. After the test, check vour ans\{'ers, diagnose votrr incon-ect ans\,\,ers, ancl record volrr results. When you bave completed the rt'st of tl-re coul'se material, take the second of the Introductorv-Level Complete Tests. Be sure to t'eproduce the conditions and time pressure of a real test. After the test, check vour answers, diagnose vour incclrrect ans\\,ers, and record your results. When you have con-rpleted both [ntroclucton--Level Complete Tests, take the TOEFL-Ler,el Complete Test. Be sure to reprodtrce the conditions and time pressure o[ a real test. After the test, check vour ans\\'ers, diagnose vour incorrect ans\vers, determine \,ollr approximate TOEFL score, and record vour results.
HOW TO USE THE CD-ROM The CD-ROM provide's additional pt'actice of the English language skills ancl papel version tests to suppiement the language skills and te.sts in the book. The material on the CD-ROM is completely different from the material in the book in order to provide the marimum arrount of practice. Foliowing these steps can help you to get the nlost out of the CD-ROM.
Skills Practice . Aft"rr'..r huu" .o-pleted the language skills in the book. vou should complete the r-elated skills practice exelcises on the CD-ROM (see charl on next page). . Work slorvlv and carefullv through the skills practice exercises. The skills practice exercises are not timed but instead are designed to be clorre in a methodical and thor-rghtful r,r,ay. (A) Ansu,er a question on the CD-ROM using the skills ancl strategies that 1'ou have learned in the book. (B) Use the CJrcck Artstt,er button to deternrinL'\\,hether the ansu'er to that oLlestion is correct or incorect.
INTRODUCTION
AFTER THIS IN THE BOOK:
LISTENING COMPREHENSION
COMPLETE THIS ON THE CD-ROM:
Short Dialogues: Skill 1 Short Dialogues: Skill 2 Short Dialogues: Skill 3 Short Dialogues: Skill 4 Short Dialogues: Skill 5 Short Dialogues: Skill 6 Conversation s: Ski I I s
7
Short Short Short Short Short Short
-9
Dialogues: Dialogues: Dialogues: Dialogues: Dialogues: Dialogues:
Co nve rsa tio n Co nve rs
ati
on
s
Skill
1
Skill 2 Skill 3 Skill 4
Skill 5 Skill 6
: Co nve r satio
n
I
s: Co nver sati o n 2
Conversations: Conversation 3 Talks: Skills
I0-12
Talks:Talk
1
Talks:lalk 2 Talks:Talk 3 STRUCTURE
AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
READING COMPREHENSION
TEST OF WRITTEN
Structure: Structure: Structure: Structure: Structure:
Skills 1-2 Skills 3-4 Skills
Structure: Structure: Structure: Structure: Structure:
5-6
Skills 7-B Skills 9-10
Skills 1-2 Skills 3^4 Skills
5-6
Skills 7-B Skills 9-10
Written Expression: Skills | 1-l3 Written Expression: Skills 14-l 5 Written Expression: Skills | 6-18 Written Expression: Skills l9-20 Written Expression: Skills 2l -23 Written Expression: Skills 24-25
Written Expression: Skills 1 1-l3 Written Expression: Skills 14-l 5 Written Expression: Skills I6-18 Written Expression: Skills 19-20 Written ExDression: Skills 21-23
Reading Reading Reading Reading Reading Reading
Reading Reading Reading Reading Reading Reading
Comprehension: Comprehension: Comprehension: Comprehension: Comprehension: Comprehension:
TWE: Skills
l-5
ENGLISH (TWE)
Skill
1
Skill 2
Skill 3 Skill 4 Skill 5 Skill 6
Written Expression: Skills 24-25 Comprehension: Comprehension: Comprehension: Comprehension: Comprehension: Comprehension:
Skill
Skill 3 Skill 4 Skill 5
Skill 6
TWE: Skills 1-5 (Passage 1)
TWE: Skills 1-5 (Passage 2) TWE: Skills 1-5 (Passage 3) TWE: Skill 7A
TWE: Skill 6 TWE: Skill 7A
TWE: SkillTB
TWE: Skill 7B
TWE: Skill 7C
TWE: Skill 7C
TWE: Skill 6
I
Skill 2
XVii
XViii
INTRODUCTION
(C) If \/ollr ans\\'er is incorrect, r'econsider the question and choose a different answer. (D) Use Lhe Clteck Artstt'er button to check vour ne\\r response. (In the Listening Comprehension section, \'oll n-rav listen to a passage again bv r-rsing the Listen button.) (E) When vou are satisfied that vou l'rave figured oLrt as much as you can on your o\vn, use the Explairt Art.sv'er buttor.r to see an explanation. (ln the Listening Comprehension section, l'ou may see the recording script as voll listen to a passage again by using the Vier.rr
(F)
.
Script button.) Then move on to the nert qr-restion ancl repeat this process.
As ),'ou n'olk r,ottr u'av through the skills practice erercises, monitor vour progress on the chart.s incltrded in thc program. (A) Ihe Score Repor"l-s include a list ol' eerch of the exercises that yon have completed and horv u'ell vou have done on each of the exercises. (If vou do an exercise more than once, the resulls of each attempt u,'ill be listed.) (B) The SkiLl Reporl.s include a list of each of the language skills in the book, how many questions relatec{ to that language skill 1,ou have anstn'ered, and rvhat percentage of the cluestions vclu have ansrvered correctlr,: In this wa\', vou can see clearlv which language
skills vou hnr.e master-ed and u'hich language skills require ftlrlher study'. Sectior-r Tests
; tG-tlr" r".tion tests on the CD-ROM
. . .
periodically throughout the course to determine hor.v u,ell vou hal'e learnccl to applv the langr"rage skills and test-taking strategies presented in the collrse. The CD-ROM includes three Listening Comprehension section tests, five Structure and Written Erpression section tests, three Reading Comprehension section tests, and ten Tesl of Written English (TWE) section tests. T:rke the tests in a manner that is as close ars possible to the actual testing environment. Choose a time u,hen vou can u'ork on a section rvithout inter-mption. Work straight thror-rgh each tir-ned test section . The Check Ansv,er, Explain Answer, and tls/err buttons zrre eivailable onlv in the skills practice activities. The test section is designed to be as clr-.se as possible to an actual test. After 1'or-r complete a test section, fbllorv the directions to go to the Score Reporr for the test that vou just completed. The number correct is given in the upper right corner of the Score Report for the lest that 1-ou jr"rst completed.
r In the Score Repctl'I, see u,hich
questions vou ans\.vered corectly and incorrectly and see rr,hich language skills rvere tested in each question. Print this Score Report if you would like to keep vorrr Scorz Reports together in a notebook. o Irr the Score Re\lott fbr the test that -vou just completed, revieu, each question by doubleclicking on a particular question. When vou double-click on a question in the Score Report, vou can see the question, the ansr.ver that you chose, the correct answer, and the Explain Artsw,er button. You mav click on the Explain Ansv,er button to see an explanation. r Return to the Score Reporr for a paflicular test rvhener,er yoll would like by entering through the Scorcs button on the Main Menr,r. You do not need to review a test section immediatelv but mav instead u,ait to revieu,the test section.
INTRODUCTION
TO THE TEACHER HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF THE EXERCISES The exercises ar-e a vital part ol'the TOEFL preparation process presentecl in this book. Marimum benefit can be obtained from the exelcises if str-rdents are properiv preparecl firr thc cxc-r. cises and if the erercises are carefr-rllv revieu,ecl after comple'tion.
.
r .
.
Be sure that students have a clear idea of the appropriate skills and strale'gies inrolved ir-r each erercise. BeIore beginning each exercise, rer-ien'the skills ancl strategics that arc usecl in that exercise. Then, rvhen you rer,ieu, the erercjses, reinlorce the skiils and stralegics thzrt can be used to determine the correct ars\\iers. As vou review the exercises, be sure tcl discuss each ansr,r,er, the incorrect arns\\'els as t'cll as the con'ect answers. Discttss hor,l students can determine that each corrcct ans\\'er' is cor-r ce t and each incorect ans\\'er is incorrect. Two diff'erent methods are possibie to revierv the listening exercises. One good \\,a\.to revicu these exercises is to plav back the recording, stoppin-e al'ter each questior-r to discuss the skills and strategies involved in determining rvhich ans\{c'r is correct and u'hich ()nes al-c. incorrect. Another method is to have students rerfer to the recording script at the back ol' the book to discuss each question. The strlrcture exercises in the correct/incorrect format present a challenge lbr the teacher'. h-r exercises in rvhich students are asked to indicate ri'hich sentences erre correct and u,hich ale incorrecl, it is extremelv helpful fbr students to correct the incorrcct scntences. An indic:r-
tion of the type of error and/or one possible correction for each incorrect sentencc is included in the Ansu'er Key. It should be noted, hou'er,er, thzrt manv of'the incorlect sen-
.
tences can be corrected in several rvavs. Thc role of the te:rcher is to assist students ir-r finding r.arious r.rravs that the sentences can be corrected. The exercises are designed to be completed in class rather than assignecl as homeu,'ork. The exercises are short and take verv little time to complete, par-ticularlv sincc it is irnportant tcr
keep students under time pressure ivhile thev are lvorking on the exercises. Considerablr' more time should be spent in revieu,ing the exercises than in acttrallv doing them.
HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF THE TESTS There are four different t1-pes of tests in this book: Pre-Tests, Post-Tests, Introductcrr-n'-Level Complete Practice Tests, and a TOEFL-Level Complete Practice Test. When the lests rrL'pi\L'n, it is important that the test condilions be as sinrilar to actual TOEFL test conditions as possible; each section of the test should be given r.r,ithout intermption zrnd under the lime pressru'e of the actual test. Revieu, of the tests should emphasize the function sen'ed br" each ol' thcse
dilferent
. .
tr'-pes
of tests;
While revielving the Pre-Tests, voll should encorlrage str-rdents to de'tern'rine the aleas u'hercthey require further practice. While revier,r,'ing the Post-Tests, vou should emphasize the langtrage skills arnd strategit:s involved in determinine the correct ans\ver to each question.
XIX
INTRODUCTION
Whilc revieriing thc Introcluctorr-Lere-l Cornplete Tests, r.'ou shor-rld err-rphasize or,ererll strategies lbr the Complete l'ests allcl rcvie\\ the rarietv ol'irrdivicltral language skills and strategies taught throtrghottt. lhe cottt'se. While rerieu'ing the TOEFI--Ler,cl Complete Tcst, vou shoulcl again emphasize or.erall strategies ancl tl'rolotrghll revierv those questions lhat test the langr-rage skills taught in this book. HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF THE CD-ROM TItc CD-ROM is clcsignc-cl to sr-rpplcmcnt thc plactice lhat is contained ir-r the book and to proviclc zrn ulternatc nroclarlitr lirl plepar-ation Ior tl-rc paper version of the TOE,FL test. It has a nr-rmbel of fcature's that rlake il casv to incolporatc 1l-rc CD-ROM into a pr-epairation program l'ol the paper r,elsion ol t}'rc'IOEFL tc-st. l-{clc eu-c some iclcas 1o c' I
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Test of written English (TwE) Answer Sheet
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SIDE 4
Continuation ol essay
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A llnal rvat' to measlll'L' the succr-ss of a life is ( I I ) the amount of enjoyment in a career. A career rvith a lot of money but rvithout enjovntL'nt is (l 1) neither fulfilling nor desirable (15). On tl-re orhel har-rd, a czrreel that provides true enjoyment dav after dav is a successful carcer even if it does not pror,ide a lot of
6 (A-C)
a sense of huinor. Any tlvther
bttsinessnurtt 5/. L lltrIe
38. C ntake 39. D called 4O.
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28. C regulate
5.A 6.D 7.B s.c 9.D 10. c
C sttitable
B saved D rizelr C e/lectireh
C parts of'
l5.A 16.C 17.D
18.8
l9.C 20.
D
D 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D 25.
D 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A .+0. C 3-5.
41. C 12. B -+3. D
44.
C
4-5. B
46. A
17. 48.
C
D
49. D 50. B
C it
elliptical
APPENDIXES
Section 3: Reading Comprehension
1.C 2.D -3.8 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.D 9.8 10.A
21
8.B 9.D
Section 3: Reading Comprehension l.A 11.B 21.. A 31. D 2.C 12.A 22. B 32. C 3. B 1-3. D 23. A 3-3. D -1. A 14. A 21. C 3!1. A
.5.;. l5 iltltdbtt
34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. B
5.8 6.A
15. D
29. C subnrcrge 30. A rlzr-s
25. b nlston'
24. C 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. C
1.2.
2.C 3.D
1l.B 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.A 16.8 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.C
21. 22. 23. 21.
25.
26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
D B A D c A D B B B
3r.D 32. C 33.C 3,+. A 35.B 36.D 37. D 38.A 39.C 40.D
41.D
42.8 43.A 44.
C
45.B 46.A .+7. B
48.D 49.C 50.B
EXERCISE A1
l.B 2.A 3.B
.+.A 5.8 6.A
9.A
B B 12. A
7.A 8.A 9.C
10.B 11.A 12.B
13.C
7.A 8.A 9.C
c
11.
B t2. A
13. B 14. C 15. B
-i.B o.A
7.C E,B
IO.A
5.B 6.C
7.A 8.8
l0.B
5,C
7.C 8.8
10.C
7.C
8.8
10. 11.
13.
c
14. C 15. A
EXERCISE A2
l. B 2.4 -3.A
,+. A
5.B 6.C
l4.A
15.B
EXERCISE A3
lC 2.C 3.8
COMPLETE TEST THREE Section 1: Listening Comprehension
r.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.A 7. C 8.8 9.A 10. D
1l.B 12.C 13.D
14.B 15.A
l6.C 17. B
r8.B 19.C 20. D
c B B 21. A 2-5. D 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. c 21.
22. 23.
B D C 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. D 3E. B 39. C 40. c 31. 32. 33.
41. B 12. D 43. A 11. D
45. B 46. C 47. A ,+8. B
49.
C
50.
D
.+.8 5.A b.B
r0.
EXERCISE A4
] C :.B
3.A /+.C
9.8
EXERCISE A5
l.C 2.8
3.C 4.A
9.C
EXERCISE A6
I,B 2.4
J.C 4.A
o.A
9.A
ANSWER
EXERCISE 85
EXERCISE A7
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
tall... tale... team
l.
rays...lay
rare...Ron...riled
rid...pests...din leaned... rail... ferry... read... bed... jotted...
r'ie... place...
8. bail. ..
lake notes
race
jail... failed. .. pay...
fine
9. need... heed... deans... ban... beer 10. sit... seat... set... box... mat... rear... room 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Pete...peered...view... ferv...boats...bay fans... let... roar.. . ball. .. bat shore...picked...seashells... ships...pass crowd . . . booed . . . jeered . . . joke
plate... ra\\'... chips... lup... plate... landed. .. really... sheepish... grin ... face
EXERCISE B1
l.
in an uproar
2. since yesterday 3. of an extinct dinosaur +. under several feet 5. oisoil
6. 7. 8. 9.
KEY
by incredulous constntction u'orkers foom the ditch on the construction site
for further scientilic study 10. of the location
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
thIgCCh the dorvntown area along the edge of the Saugus River across the Township Bridge into the wide open spaces outside the town RmorU the expected leaders for their fearless performances in previous races against strong competitors
EXERCISE C1 1.
ADJ ADJ ADJ NP ADJ NT ADJ NP VNT VNP NTV ADJ V ADJ ADJ
V
2. NP 3. ADJ 4. 5. NP
ADJ 7. NT 8. NT 9. NP 10. ADV 11. ADJ
NT
12.
13. NP IA ADJ
1f.
NT ADV ADV ADV
ADV NT NTV NT ADJ NP ADV ADJ ADV NT NP VNP NT ADV NT
5.C
7.8
NT ADV ADV
NT ADJ
NT ADJ NT
NT NT ADJ
NT ADV NT ADV NP ADJ
NT NT NT NT
EXERCISE C2 EXERCISE 82 1.
at the local communitv college
computer-phobics on a computer betrveen a computer monitor and a keyboard about this course until six o'clock daily during the fall semester at a low fee
l. A 2.C
3.
4.
A A
6.8
9.A
t0.
8.C
2. 16r J.
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. to residents 10.
ilroughout the county
EXERCISE 83
t. across the Atlantic 2. inside the storm 3. at 130 miles an hour 4. &er the rt'arm southern u'aters 5. toward the southern coast 6. Desprt" the current distance 7. of the storm 8. from land 9. ne'ar the coast 10. iliihin 36 ho,r..
EXERCISE 84
l.
down the street a doubt
2. without 3.
oFrr-s type
4. Unlike most homes 5. in this neighborhood 6.
-/. 8. 9. 10.
behind a massive stone n'all \\'ttn rvy through the wall to the compound from the street
EXERCISE C3 (There may be more than one ansrver.)
1. finalist final )
nrnFccsnr
professional 3. socialist
Z-?r-.
.tsqe9
4. Speclallsr speciai
5. electrician electrical 6. realist real
finelirr,
finally plolession
specialization
specialize
specially alonrrinirr,
-l-.r.iA'
electrically
realism/reality beauty
beautifuliy idealism ideally terrorlsm
terrible 10. illustrator
illustrious
realize
really
beautiful 8. idealist
9. terrorist
/,G^ nroless
) professionally socialism/society socialize socially
7. beautician ideal
6n^li?a
terribly illustration illustriously
beautif,v idealize
terrorize illustrate
EXERCISE D1
ring
rang
rung
slng
sang
sung
drink
drank
drunk
sink swim
sank swam began
sunk swum begun
begin
B
417
418
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE D2 seltl spcnt len t
scn t
EXERCISE D8 ql\ e
spent
lvritc
lcnt
take
gaIe \\'l ote took
btr ilcl los e
built
built
fall
fell
lost
lost
a1r't!e
cllole
tnakc'
nr:rcle
citt
atc
nt ea l.) har e
lr
maclc mea nt
fall en dlir en eaten
ri
clc'
locle'
liclcle'n
had
hacl
rise
rose
hcar
heald
hearcl
forgivc
for-Ezrve
risen forgir en
bct
bet
stt'itl
stolc
stcllen
puI
pilt
be't pu1
hurt
cost
COSI
hur-t cost
spoke chose
spokcn
hr: r't
speak clroose
blcak
brokc
bt oken
SNTII
shut
slrut
tr-eeze
I
hit
hit
hil
lct cut
lct cut
let
quil
qult
fir
frt re:td
qlli t {it learl
gct [orget bite hidc beat
slt
sat
sat
become
u irt
\\'on
\\'OI'I
dig
clug
held founcl shot led met fed
set) d
spcnLl
lend
L-ii lt
t
EXERCISE D3
read
olci
find shoot lead nl
L-a
l
feed
CLII
bittr-n
bcconre come
chig
bccanre cante l-:t lt
he'Icl
tcaf
t
founcl shot
\\'ezlr
\\'ofe
lecl
rlt r
met
8()
pfoVe
proVen
starrd
stood
sLeep
slept
stood slept
keep
Kep{
kc-pt
fee
fel t
felt
s
told
knou
knerv
knos n
gr{)\\ blorr'
gfe\\' blert t hre\\'
[1.0\\ n
crr
shon
sholr'ecl
dlan
dreu'
\\:c)
see
scc
did \\ cnI
rll I
done gone
E1
!+.L LG
l.i 2.8
7.J 8.E
l0.H l1.K
sold
EXERCISE D6
1l
fun tofn
orL'
l'ed
tell
|ou' lly
f.Jfg()tten
brt
ci:)nte r-un
saicl
t lr
forgot
EXERCISE DIO
sard olcl toIcl
l
rt
sotten
hidcle n
pa icl
I
lroze
got
beateJ-r
pai.l
ser)
roze
be:rt pt'or ccl
EXERCISE
sel
chosen
hid
EXERCISE D5 pa)
taker.:
EXERCISE D9
EXERCISE D4
h
:]r\'el-l
\\'ri t tcn
bh;u n th ro\\ r.l IIon'n shou n drarr,n
EXERCISE E2 I
think
thought
teach
tar,rght
thought taught
bur fight
bought fnrrolrt
bought
catclt
c:Lrrght
caueht
l)r'r nS
brough{
broughl
foLrght
su
/ c\n:tle
bmarine
8. sr.rltrlat'
tclcscope
9. t0legram
postuar cxit
10. incloors 1 l. prediite 12. postoperative
pret(]en rncolrtc
EXERCISE E3
LC 2.E 3.B
-+.K _i. ll 6.1
7.D 8.L 9.F
10.A
ll.J
12.G
EXERCISE E4 1
EXERCISE D7
.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
.
7. unequal 8. tcturn 9. rniscount
rrnkno.,r n
2. incorr-ect 3. r'etell :1. rep:rv 5. misspelleci
10. r-ecopv
6. co-rvorker
12. connect
1
l.
rncomplete
EXERCISE E5
l.K 2.J 3.L
.1.E 5.G 6.D
7.A 8.F 9.B
10.H
i1.C
12.1
ANSWER
EXERCISE E6
EXERCISE
1. visit
7. portable
2. porter 3. vocalist
9. visible
8. judgment
4. judge 5. autobiography
6. event
10. vocalize 1 1. autograph 12. revenue
EXERCISE E7
1. I 2.C 3.K
4.4 5.J 6.E
7. D
8.F 9.H
10. L 11. B
t2.
G
EXERCISE E8
7. transmit 8. indicate 9. script
1. describe
2. dictate 3. missile
10. diverl
4. proceed 5. spectator 6. vertical
1
l.
respect
12. succeed
EXERCISE E9
t.K 2.
1
3.J
4.O
5.H
9.D
6.C 7. A
10. F 11. N
8.S
tz. L
13. 14. 15. 16.
M R B G
19. P 20. L
13. 14. 15. 16.
M T B H
17. F 18. L 19. K 20. J
17. Q 18. T
EXERCISE EIO
t.R
2.P 3. I
4.8
5.D
9.Q
8.O
10. s 11. C 12. G
6.A 7.N
E1 T
KEY
419
DICTIONARY or
AMERICAN
ENGLISH
LoNcMAN INTRODUCTORY COURSE FORTHE
TOEFTTEST
The Paper Test DEBORAH PHILLIPS This comprehensive course provides intermediafe students (TOEFL test scores 380-480) with the skills, strategies, practice, and con-fidence they need to improve their scores on all sections of the paperTOEFL test, including the Test ofVritten English (T\U7E@).
Tbe Introductory Paper Iesf book features: I^anguage skills sections that cover the intermediate-level language skills regularly tested on the paperTOEFL test, as well as the Test of Written English o Practice exercises for each of the language skills that maximize understanding and retention of those skills o Test-taking strategies for each section of the paper test that provide clear$ defined steps to improve test performance o Diagnostic pre-tests and post-tests that allow students to identify strengths and weaknesses and assess improvement in each section o Tko complete introductory-level practice tests that famtliafize students with the actual test fofmat using questions that test only intermediate-level language skills o One complete TOEFL-level practice test that allows students to see how the skills in this text are incorporated into an official-level TOEFL test and to determine their
o
approximate TOEFL scores
o
Progfess charts that allow students to keep track of their improvement
Tbe Introductory Paper Iest CD-ROM features:
o Over L,000 questions that cover each section of the test o Skills practice exercises for each of the language skills presented in the text o Introductory-level practice tests that simulate the format and timing of the actual paperTOEFL test
o o
Pop-up explanations for all practice and test items Record-keeping to monitor student progress
Components of tlne Longman Introd.uctory Courselfor tbe TOEFI@ Test: The Paper Test Book and CD-ROM
withAnswer Key Book and CD-ROM without Answer Key Audio program Audio cassettes (4) Audio CDs (4)
O-13-184718-X
O-t3-184719-8 0-13-1847r7-r o-r3-1847163
use the listening section of this book, you must have the audio program, which is sold separately. The audio material on the CD-ROM is different from that on the audio
Note: To
ISBN 0-r3-18q?r5-S
pfogfam.
Visit www.longman.com,/toefl
llilil1til til[[l llillffilnmnl
