Low Phase Noise Local Oscillator and Clock Generation for Cavity Field Detection Mateusz Żukociński,
Uros Mavrič,
Krzysztof Czuba, Łukasz Zembala
Matthias Hoffmann, Frank Ludwig
Institute of Electronic Systems
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
Warsaw University of Technology
Hamburg, Germany
Warsaw, Poland
*
[email protected]
20th Real Time Conference Padova, Italy 7.06.2016
Outline > Introduction > Frequency synthesis concepts > Mixing technique
> Analysis > Prototyping > Final design > Results > Summary
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Introduction > RF cavity field control system N uncorrelated noise sources
N channels
LO Generation Module - LOGM
1 correlated noise sources !!!
> Local Oscillator (LO) signal is a crucial contributor to the receiver phase noise > Ultra-low phase noise LO is a must < 3 fs RMS time jitter [10 Hz ÷ 1 MHz]
spec for the European XFEL
< -160 dBc/Hz noise floor
> Low phase noise Clock (CLK) is needed Mateusz Żukociński
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Introduction > LOGM requirements
XFEL system frequency configuration:
Input signal: » 1x REF 1300 MHz +21 dBm Output signals: » 3x » 2x » 9x » 9x
REF 1300 MHz REF 1300 MHz LO 1354 MHz CLK 81 MHz
+11 dBm (uVM, HOM, KLM) +3 dBm (uDWC) +14 dBm 1.2 Vpp square
Synchronization RESET functionality for 81 MHz CLK signal
LO power adjustment [+12 … +17 dBm]
LO performance: » RMS additive jitter » Phase noise floor » Spurious-free range
REF 1300 MHz
LO
IF
54.16 MHz (1300 / 24)
CLK
81.25 MHz (1300 / 16)
1354 MHz
< 3 fsec (10Hz - 1MHz) < -160 dBc/Hz > 80 dBc
Diagnostics: » RF signals monitor outputs » Power level detectors, temperature sensors » Power supply menagement
Packaging: » standard 19” crate, low-profile (1U high)
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Frequency synthesis concepts > Phase-lock loop technique
> Mixing technique
Advantages
Advantages
• shaping phase noise characteristic
• low phase noise
• superior performance possible
• sufficient performance possible • components easily available • easy to integrate on PCB
Disadvantages
• lack of small PCB-mount oscillators with sufficiently good performance
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Mixing Technique > Single-stage mixing
> Multi-stage mixing
RF and LO are close each other !! it is hard to select the LO out of the mixer spectrum (filtration) •
Simple design
•
Complex design
•
Minimum number of components
•
High number of components
•
High spec for LO filter
•
Relaxed spec for LO filters
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Analysis > Single-stage mixing
phase noise propagation model ∆𝜑𝑜𝑢𝑡 2 ∆𝜑𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 𝑀1 2
2
+ ∆𝜑𝐷1
2
∙
1 𝑀2
2
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+ ∆𝜑𝐷2
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2
∙
1 𝑀3 2
+ ∆𝜑𝐷3
2
+ ∆𝜑𝑀𝐼𝑋
2
+ ∆𝜑𝐴𝑀𝑃
2
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Analysis > Single-stage mixing
> Double-stage mixing
phase noise propagation model ∆𝜑𝑜𝑢𝑡 2 ∆𝜑𝑅𝐸𝐹 = 𝑀1 2
2
+ ∆𝜑𝐷1
2
∙
1 𝑀2
2
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+ ∆𝜑𝐷2
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2
∙
1 𝑀3 2
+ ∆𝜑𝐷3
2
+ ∆𝜑𝑀𝐼𝑋
2
+ ∆𝜑𝐴𝑀𝑃
2
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Prototyping > Single-stage mixing
> Double-stage mixing
Residual phase noise measurements (2DUT phase detector method)
HMC794
/3
Div = 8 (CMOS) AD9515 fRF = 900 MHz -6dB
RF
/4
VFL-160+
10 dBm SLP-70+
AD9515 Multiple Div.
-6dB (2xSplitters)
FRF = 1.3GHz
|
6-tap K&L (1259 MHz) RF
LO SYM-25DMHW (L13)
MDC-179 1313 MHz
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IF
13 dBm
/32 ZRL-1150LN
HMC794
LO
HMC794
SBP-60
/3
SYM-30DLHW (L10) SIF-60 IF 10 dBm
SLP-100
1313 MHz
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HMC758 18 dBm 5-tap LORCH (1313 MHz)
Prototyping > LO residual RMS phase noise measurements and jitter calculations 1DUT 1313MHz LO no.1 1DUT 1313MHz LO no.2 1DUT 1300MHz reference/DRO 2DUT 1313MHz FEMTO G=20dB 2DUT 1313MHz FEMTO G=40dB
-110 -120 -130 -140 -150 -160 -170 -180 -190 3 10
4
10
-15
6
x 10
LO 1313 MHz
4 3 2 1
5
6
10 freq to carrier [Hz] 1313 MHz double stage LO single-stage
jitter 10 Hz – 1 MHz Cross-check meas. jitter 1 kHz – 10 MHz
5 time jitter [fs]
phase noise spectral density [dBV/Hz]
1313 MHz double stage LO -100
7
10
10
double-stage 2DUT 1313MHz FEMTO G=20dB 2DUT 1313MHz FEMTO G=40dB
2.6 fs (1.2 mdeg)
3.4 fs (1.6 mdeg)
2.6 fs (1.2 mdeg)
2.8 fs (1.3 mdeg)
> Compact high-quality ceramic filters available !
0 3 10
4
10
5
10 freq to carrier [Hz]
6
10
> Single-mixer LO synthesis for final implementation Mateusz Żukociński
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Final design > Block diagram of the LOGM module
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Final design > PCB layout of LOGM
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Final design > LOGM module (PCB + metal case)
> Metal casing for improved EMI/EMC > Reduced conductive crosstalk and radiative couplings (SFR >80 dBc)
> Efficient heat dissipation Mateusz Żukociński
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Final design > LOGM 19” crate – 3D mechanical modeling (crate integration)
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Final design > LOGM 19” crate – 3D mechanical modeling (crate integration)
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Final design > LOGM 19” crate – internal arrangement Power distribution
RF Distribution
Reset-Module
FRED2
LOG-Module
Diagnostics TMCB2 / FMC
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Management
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Final design > LOGM 19” crate
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Final design > LOGM 19” crate ventilation holes
monitoring & diagnostics board Ethernet communication
Reset trigger Socket input
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REF input
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REF, CLK, LO minitoring outputs + RF status indicators
REF, CLK, LO outputs
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ON/OFF +crate management
cooling fun panel blade fuses behind
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DC supply connector
Final design > LOGM 19” crate in the XFEL LLRF system
courtesy of Frank Ludwig, LLRF Workshop 2015, Shanghai
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Results REF spectrum
LO spectrum
CLK spectrum
> Clean spectrum > Spurious-free-range >80 dBc > CLK bandwidth up to 1 GHz
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Results CLK absolute phase noise spectrum
LO absolute phase noise spectrum
LO amplitude noise spectrum
> Noise floor
CLK amplitude noise spectrum
< -160 dBc/Hz
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Results > Residual phase noise and jitter
phase noise [dBV/Hz]
-80 1DUT 1354MHz LOGM #11 1DUT 1354MHz LOGM #17 1300MHz reference/LabMO 2DUT 1354MHz LOGM corr
-100 -120 -140 -160 -180 -200 1 10
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
8
freq to carrier [Hz]
3 setup 2DUT 1354MHz LOGM
time jitter [fs]
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1 10
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
freq to carrier [Hz]
> RMS time jitter ~2 fs Mateusz Żukociński
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[10 Hz – 1 MHz]
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7
10
8
Summary > Mixing technique useful for ultra-low phase noise LO generation > High performance LO and CLK generation module for European XFEL was developed LO: ~2 fs of RMS time jitter [10 Hz - 1 MHz] LO: 80 dBc
> Motivation for spin-off projects: DRTM-LOG1300 highly compact RTM module for MTCA.4 (poster on Tuesday by Tony Rohlev) Universal LO&CLK generation module for LO [300 MHz – 6 GHz] (poster on Wednesday by M. Żukociński)
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Thank you for your attention !
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