Metamodeling With Eclipse Modeling Tutorial - Irisa

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Business Problem

A Tutorial about Metamodeling

Business Problem

Business Problem

software modeler

Using OMG Norms and Eclipse Modeling

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A Tutorial about Metamodeling © Benoit Combemale

programmer

Benoit Combemale University of Rennes 1 (IRISA & ESIR)

model

software modeler

domain-specific

model

programmer

code

machine

http://www.combemale.fr/mde

solution by programmable machine

code

machine

code

machine

solution by solution by model-based development model-driven development From Gregor Engels (Universität Paderborn, Germany) Panel "When will Code become Irrelevant?", MoDELS 2011.

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Model Driven Engineering

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Model Driven Engineering

Security

Distribution

Fault tolerance

Functional behavior

Use case model borrow return deliver

Platform Model

setDamaged

Design Model

reser ve

Book User state : String

Change one Aspect and Automatically Re-Weave: From AORE, SPL to DAS

De « L'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles. Au-delà du MDA. » FAVRE Jean-Marie, ESTUBLIER Jacky, BLAY-FORNARINO Mireille Hermes Science Publications, 2006.

A metaphor for Model Driven Engineering, J. Haan,Code 2009.

Model

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Modeling and Metamodeling

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Metamodeling Editors (textuals, graphicals, …)

Checkers (static & dynamics)

Documentation generators

Compilers

Test generators

Translators

Simulators

Code generators

Analyzers Refactoring

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Metamodeling

Building a tool-supported DSL with the Kermeta Workbench

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Etc.


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Metamodeling: Norms and Tools •  Norms (OMG): MOF, OCL, QVT, fUML, ALF…

MOF/Ecore + OCL

Abstract Syntax *

(+ static semantics)

*

Concrete syntax xText, EMFText, GMF, Topcased, Antlr…

Dynamic

QVT*, Semantics Kermeta AL, Java EMF…

•  Metamodeling environments: •  Eclipse Modeling (e.g., Ecore, OCL Tools…), Kermeta •  MS DSL Tools •  Vanderbilt GME •  Etc.

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Eclipe Modeling: Overview


•  Eclipse Modeling is the umbrella project for all things about

The answer to "What is Eclipse Modeling?" depends on who you ask!

modeling that happen on the Eclipse platform:

The Eclipse Modeling Project (EMP) focuses on the evolution and promotion of model-based development technologies within the Eclipse community by providing a unified set of modeling frameworks, tooling, and standards implementations. •  Eclipse Modeling is not formally related to OMG, but implements

several of their standards.

A set of Eclipse projects dedicated to… •  … Modeling: modeling tools •  Model Development Tools (UML2, OCL, SysML, MARTE, BPMN2, etc.)

•  … Metamodeling: workbench for language design and

implementation

•  Abstract Syntax Development (EMF)

•  It is fair to say that many leading edge modeling tools are hosted/

developed at Eclipse Modeling.

•  Concrete Syntax Development (GMP, TMF) •  Model Transformation (M2M, M2T)

Mac

Abstract Syntax (AS)

Concrete Syntax

Mas

(CS)

Semantics Domain

•  See http://www.eclipse.org/modeling

•  Everything Open Source under the Eclipse Public License

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EMF: Overview

See the Eclipse Modeling tool at http://eclipse.org/downloads/packages … and many other tools (Install Modeling Components):

•  What is it? •  MetaModeling (think of UML/OCL) •  Interoperability (think of XMI) •  Editing tool support (think Eclipse) •  Code generation (think of MDA)

Other Eclipse Modeling Components

(SD)

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•  EMF serves as the foundation: It provides the Ecore meta-

metamodel, and frameworks and tools around it for tasks such as •  •  •  •  • 

But the cornerstone stills….

Editing Transactions Validation Query Distribution/Persistence (CDO, Net4j, Teneo)

•  See http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/emf

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DIY with LOGO programs

Case Study: Building a Programming Environment for Logo

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Model Driven Language Engineering : the Process

•  Featuring •  Edition in Eclipse •  On screen simulation

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; righthilbert to righthilbert :level :size if :level != 0 [ right 90 lefthilbert :level-1 :size forward :size left 90 righthilbert level-1 :size forward :size righthilbert :level-1 :size left 90 forward :size lefthilbert :level-1 :size right 90 ] end

; lefthilbert to lefthilbert :level :size if :level != 0 [ left 90 righthilbert :level-1 :size forward :size right 90 lefthilbert :level-1 :size forward :size lefthilbert :level-1 :size right 90 forward :size righthilbert :level-1 :size left 90 ] end

to square :width repeat 4 [ forward :width right 90 ] end pendown square 10



Fractals in LOGO

•  Consider LOGO programs of the form: repeat 3 [ pendown forward 3 penup forward 4 ]

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Syntaxe abstraite (Définition ou évolution)

Syntaxe concrète (Définition ou évolution)

Sémantique statique ou évolution)

Editeur

(Définition

•  Compilation for a Lego

Mindstorms robot

Sémantique comportementale (Définition ou évolution)

Vérificateur statique

Simulateur, compilateur, animateur Métamodèle Domaine métier

Transformations utilitaires (Définition ou évolution) Refactoring, analyseur, générateurs de documentation, de test, ...

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Outline – Metamodeling Process


1.  Domain modeling (abstract syntax)


2.  Model edition (concrete syntax)


3.  Model serialization (concrete syntax)


4.  Model checker (static semantics)


5.  Simulator implementation (behavioral semantics)


6.  Compiler implementation (behavioral semantics)


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OMG (Essential) MOF •  Provides language constructs for specifying a DSL

metamodel

•  mainly based on Object-Oriented constructs: package, classes,

properties (attribute and reference), and (multiple) inheritance. •  specificities: composition, opposite… •  Defined as a model, called metametamodel: NamedElement name: String

Type

type 1

TypedElement

DataType

Property

Class isAbstract: Boolean = false

Boolean String

Natural

0..* superClass


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Ecore: a metamodel for metamodels •  Ecore is an implementation proposed by EMF, and aligned to

EMOF

•  Provides a language to build languages •  A metamodel is a model; and its metamodel is Ecore. •  So a metamodel is an Ecore model! •  Ecore has concepts like: •  Class – inheritance, have properties •  Property – name, multiplicity, type

lower: Natural owner

=1 upper : Natural = 1 isOrdered : Boolean = false

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{ordered} 0..* isComposite: Boolean = false ownedAttribute default: String = ""

•  Essentially this is a simplified version of class modeling in UML

0..1 opposite

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Ecore Diagram

Supported by a lot of (meta) tools (e.g., graphical editor, code generator…)

ECORE.ecore From the « Essential EMF Refcardz »

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Meta-Modeling LOGO programs

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LOGO metamodel

•  Let’s build a meta-model for LOGO •  Concentrate on the abstract syntax •  Look for concepts: instructions, expressions… •  Find relationships between these concepts •  It’s like UML modeling!

•  Defined as an ECore model •  Using EMF tools and editors

ASMLogo.ecore

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LOGO metamodel

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Implementation with Java MOF

The UML metamodel

How it works?

A UML Model

A Specific phenomenon corresponding to a UML Model

ASMLogo.ecore

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EMF

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Implementation with Java •  EMF is a software (E)framework •  Model driven….

…but implemented using a programming language!

An Ecore model and its sources (from EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework 2nd)

•  Reification MDE → Java: •  Metamodels are represented with EClasses •  Models are represented with EObjects

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Implementation with Java

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EMF Toolset from 30.000 Feet •  The EMF Generator do not work on the .ecore

MOF

Ecore …. ?M

Ecore MM

The UML metamodel

UML M

•  EMF defines a .gemodel in parallel: •  New/ Other/ Eclipse Modeling Framework/ EMF Model •  We can customize the code generator! •  The IDE takes care of maintaining the consistency (or not!)

PROMOTION

(EMF Generator) UML MM

A UML Model

A UML model

…. ?

A Specific phenomenon corresponding to a UML Model

From "Mastering Eclipse Modeling Framework", V. Bacvanski and P. Graff

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EMF Toolset from 30.000 Feet

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EMF Toolset from 30.000 Feet Actions available on the metamodel: 1.  Generate Model Code: Java Classes corresponding to the metamodel 2.  Generate Edit Code: Plugin supporting the edition 3.  Generate Editor Code: Plugin for a tree based model editor 4.  Generate Test Code: Plugin for unit testing Actions available from the .genmodel, and into an EMF Project.



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EMF: open the box

EOperation Implementation

•  The EMF.edit separates the GUI from the business model

Localization of the methods in the generated code 1.  In the subpackage graph.impl! 2.  In the class GraphImpl! 3.  Scattered in the code automatically generated by EMF…

•  To understand the EMF.edit plug-in, it is essential to

understand three basic design patterns •  Observer pattern •  Command pattern

/**! * @generated NOT! */! public int order () {! !return this.getEdges().size();! }!

•  Adapter pattern

Do not forget to mark (@generated NOT) to prevent crushing!


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Default EMF Editor


•  EMF’s default reflective editor can be used out of the

2.  Model edition (concrete syntax) 3.  Model serialization (concrete syntax)

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box to create instances of any meta model •  Generic, •  But not very usable or scalable

4.  Model checker (static semantics) 5.  Simulator implementation (behavioral semantics) 6.  Compiler implementation (behavioral semantics)

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EMF as cornerstone for the other projects

The GMP and TMF Eclipse Projects

The underlying framework for many many other tools

•  GMP (Graphical Modeling Project): •  generative components and runtime infrastructures for developing graphical editors based on EMF and GEF •  See http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/gmp/

EMF-based Tools (68 matches in September, 2012)

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•  TMF (Textual Modeling Framework): •  tools and frameworks for developing textual syntaxes and corresponding editors based on EMF •  See http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/tmf/

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Building Model Editors Domain Model (abstract syntax)

Configuration Model (mapping)

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GMP: Overview Textual or Graphical Representation (concrete syntax)

•  Mainly composed of GMF (Graphical Modeling Framework) •  Define custom graphical editors for your metamodel •  Use the editor to “draw” instances of the metamodel

compilation or interpretation

textual or graphical editor

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GMP: Overview

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GMP: Overview •  An example of a GMF graphical editor:

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TMF: Overview

TMF: Overview

•  Mainly composed of xText

•  An example of an xText textual editor:

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•  Xtext is a framework/tool for development of external textual

DSLs.

•  Based on an EBNF grammar, xText generates •  ANTLR3-based parser •  EMF-based metamodel •  Eclipse editor with •  •  •  •  • 

syntax highlighting code completion customizable outline code folding real-time constraint checking

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XMI (XML Metadata Interchange)


•  XMI is XML standard for meta-data interchange

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•  If the metamodel can be expressed in MOF, its meta-data


can be serialised as XMI


•  Ecore models are stored/shared in XMI


•  Ecore diagrams are in XMI


•  EMF generator models are in XMI!


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XMI (XML Metadata Interchange)

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Outline – Metamodeling Process 1.  Domain modeling (abstract syntax)

PetriNet


name: EString arcs 0..*

nodes 0..*

outgoings 1 source 0..*

Node name: EString

1 target

Transition tmin: EInt tmax: EInt 0..*

Place marking: EInt

Arc weight: EInt kind: ArcKind


0..* ingoings ArcKind

normal readArc


prioritize

5.  Simulator implementation (behavioral semantics) 6.  Compiler implementation (behavioral semantics)

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Contracts in OO languages

Static Semantics with OCL •  Complementing a metamodel with Well-Formedness Rules,

aka contracts or context conditions, e.g.; • 

•  Inspired by the notion of Abstract Data Type

A procedure is called with the same number of arguments as specified in its declaration

•  Specification = Signature + •  Preconditions •  Postconditions •  Class Invariants

⇒  Design-by-Contract applied at the meta-level •  Expressed with the OCL (Object Constraint Language) •  The OCL is a language of typed expressions. •  A constraint is a valid OCL expression of type Boolean. •  A constraint is a restriction on one or more values of (part of) an object-oriented model or system.

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•  Behavioral contracts are inherited in subclasses

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OCL •  Can be used at both •  M1 level (constraints on Models) •  aka Design-by-Contract (Meyer)

•  M2 level (constraints on Meta-Models) •  aka Static semantics(aka. context conditions or well-formedness rules)

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Simple constraints Customer name: String title: String age: Integer isMale: Boolean

•  Let’s overview it with M1 level exemples title = if isMale then ‘Mr.’ else ‘Ms.’ endif age >= 18 and age < 66 name.size < 100

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Non-local contracts: navigating associations •  Each association is a navigation path •  The context of an OCL expression is the starting point •  Role names are used to select which association is to be traversed (or target class name if only one)

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Navigation of 0..* associations •  Through navigation, we no longer get a scalar but a collection

of objects

•  OCL defines 3 sub-types of collection •  Set : when navigation of a 0..* association •  Context Person inv: ownings return a Set[Car] •  Each element is in the Set at most once

1 owner

Person

ownership

ownings *

•  Bag : if more than one navigation step •  An element can be present more than once in the Bag

Car

•  Sequence : navigation of an association {ordered} •  It is an ordered Bag

Context Car inv: self.owner.age >= 18

•  Many predefined operations on type collection Syntax:: Collection->operation

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Collection hierarchy

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Basic operations on collections •  isEmpty •  true if collection has no element

Collection

Context Person inv: ageisEmpty

Set minus symmetricDifference asSequence asBag

Bag asSequence asSet

Sequence first last at(int) append prepend asBag asSet

•  notEmpty •  true if collection has at least one element •  size •  Number of elements in the collection •  count (elem) •  Number of occurrences of element elem in the collection

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Operation select!

Operation forAll!

•  possible syntax •  collection->select(elem:T | expr) •  collection->select(elem | expr) •  collection->select(expr)

•  possible syntax •  collection->forall(elem:T | expr) •  collection->forall(elem | expr) •  collection->forall(expr)

•  Selects the subset of collection for which property expr

•  True iff expr holds for each element of the collection

holds •  e.g.

•  e.g. context Person inv: ownings->forall(v: Car | v.mileageselect(v: Car | v.mileagenotEmpty

•  shortcut:

•  shortcut:

context Person inv: ownings->forall(mileageselect(mileagenotEmpty

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Operations on Collections!

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Static Semantics for LOGO •  No two formal parameters of a procedure may have

the same name:

•  A procedure is called with the same number of

arguments as specified in its declaration:

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Static Semantics for LOGO

OCL Tools

•  No two formal parameters of a procedure may have

•  Il existe de nombreux outils qui permettent de vérifier la

the same name: context ProcDeclaration inv unique_names_for_formal_arguments : args -> forAll ( a1 , a2 | a1. name = a2.name implies a1 = a2 )

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syntaxe, la sémantique et d’évaluer une expression OCL : •  EMF MDT, http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/mdt/?project=ocl •  Use 2.3, http://www.db.informatik.uni-bremen.de/projects/USE •  Dresden OCL Toolkit 2.0, http://dresden-ocl.sourceforge.net •  LCI OCL Evaluator OCLE 2.0.4, http://lci.cs.ubbcluj.ro/ocle •  The Kent OCL library v1, http://www.cs.kent.ac.uk/projects/ocl

•  A procedure is called with the same number of

•  Octopus OCL, http://octopus.sourceforge.net

arguments as specified in its declaration: context ProcCall inv same_number_of_formals_and_actuals : actualArgs -> size = declaration .args -> size

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OCL Tools - Kermeta •  Use AOM to weave your

static semantics into your metamodel! •  If the boolean statement

is evaluated to false then the pre or post condition is violated and an exception ConstraintViolatedPre or

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•  Topcased, http://www.topcased.org •  Kermeta, http://www.kermeta.org •  etc.

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OCL Tools - Kermeta Two methods to check the WFR: •  checkInvariants, check only the current model element •  checkAllInvariants, checks recursively the element being a containment link with the checked element

ConstraintViolatedPost

is raised.

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Breathing life into metamodels


•  A model

1.  Domain modeling (abstract syntax) 2.  Model edition (concrete syntax)

•  Its metamodel

3.  Model serialization (concrete syntax) 4.  Model checker (static semantics) 5.  Simulator implementation (behavioral semantics) 6.  Compiler implementation (behavioral semantics)

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Metadata languages •  (E)MOF => Only data structures •  classes, properties, associations, ... •  operations : only signatures •  Not sufficient to operate on models •  Constraints •  Actions •  Transformations •  ...

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•  Adding Operational Semantics to OO Metamodels

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From Metamodels to Languages How do these things relate? MOF EMOF ECore Infra Etc.

Generic Syntax (HUTN)

Abstract Syntax Concrete Concrete Syntax Concrete Syntax Syntax

Semantic Specification

Semantics The language I want to build

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What is “meta”-executability?

Typical example (excerpted from MOF spec) •  Operation isInstance(element : Element) : Boolean

“Returns true if the element is an instance of this type or a subclass of this type. Returns false if the element is null”. A natural language specification

operation isInstance (element : Element) : Boolean is do // false if the element is null if element == void then result := false else // true if the element is an instance of this type // or a subclass of this type result := element.getMetaClass == self or element.getMetaClass.allSuperClasses.contains(self) end end

M

•  Basic CRUD Operations

Definition

•  Merge, Composition… M-1

Execution

► Simply

an (object-oriented) program that manipulates model elements

“Program = Data Structure + Algorithm”, Niklaus Wirth

MetaExecutability

=

Meta-Data

+

Meta-Actions

An operational specification

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Context Mac

Abstract Syntax (AS)

Concrete Syntax

Mas

(CS)

Semantics Domain


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Kermeta Rationale •  Model, meta-model, meta-metamodel, DSLs… •  Meta-bla-bla too complex for the normal engineer

(SD)

•  On the other hand, engineers are familiars with •  OO programming languages (Java,C#,C++,..) •  UML (at least class diagram) •  May have heard of Design-by-Contract •  Kermeta leverages this familiarity to make Meta-modeling

easy for the masses

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Breathing life into Meta-Models

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Kermeta, a Kernel to Meta Kermeta Actions

// MyKermetaProgram.kmt // An E-MOF metamodel is an OO program that does nothing

require "StateMachine.ecore" // to import it in Kermeta

// Kermeta lets you weave in aspects // Contracts (OCL WFR)

require “StaticSemantics.ocl”

Context FSM inv: ownedState->forAll(s1,s2| s1.name=s2.name implies s1=s2)

Metadata

// Method bodies (Dynamic semantics) require “DynamicSemantics.kmt”

// Transformations

Constraints

aspect class FSM { operation reset() : Void { currentState := initialState }}

Transformations

class Minimizer { operation minimize (source: FSM):FSM {…} }

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Kermeta workbench snapshot

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Kermeta: a Kernel metamodeling language •  Seamless integration with Ecore and EMF-based

tools

•  Statically Typed •  Generics, Function types (for OCL-like iterators) •  Object-Oriented •  Multiple inheritance / dynamic binding / reflection •  Model-Oriented •  Associations / Compositions •  Models are first class citizens, notion of model type •  Aspect-Oriented •  Simple syntax for static introduction •  Arbitrary complex aspect weaving as a framework

•  Still “kernel” language •  Seamless import of Java classes in Kermeta for GUI/IO etc. Benoît Combemale

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Types & opérateurs usuels

Classes, opérations et méthodes

•  Types scalaires très restreints •  Integer, String, Boolean

•  Déclaration de classes à la Java (class C { }) •  Classes abstraites (abstract), généricité (class A) •  Héritage (inherits), multiple ou non •  Constructions : pas de constructeur ! (MyClass.new) •  Variables de classes : Attributs & Référence •  attribute a: String ⇒ a est contenue par composition () •  reference r: String ⇒ r est référencée •  self représente l'instance courante •  Absence de visibilité : tout est public •  Méthode d'instance : Opérations & Méthodes •  operation name(arg1: T): OutputType is do ... end •  Redéfinition par héritage : operation → method •  Variable locale : var tmp: String init String.new •  Retour : pas de return ! On utilise la variable result •  Pas de surcharge dans le langage (simplification)

•  Opérateurs : •  Affectation : := (naïve), ?= (cast) •  Arithmétique : +,-,/,* •  Comparaison : ==, !=, = •  Logique : and, or, not •  Collections : fondées sur la définition d'OCL

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EMOF óKermeta

class FSM { attribute ownedState : State[0..*]#owningFSM reference initialState : State[1..1] reference currentState : State operation run() : kermeta::standard::~Void is do end operation reset() : kermeta::standard::~Void is do end }

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Assignment semantics

class State{ reference owningFSM : FSM[1..1]#ownedState attribute name : String attribute outgoingTransition : Transition[0..*]#source reference incomingTransition : Transition#target operation step(c : String) : kermeta::standard::~Void is do end } class Transition{ reference source : State[1..1]#outgoingTransition reference target : State[1..1]#incomingTransition attribute input : String attribute output : String operation fire() : String is do end }

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Fermetures & λ-fonctions: les itérateurs

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Example

•  Effectuer une action ∀e ∈ C each •  f.each{ n | stdio.write( n.toString + " ") } •  Vérifier une condition ∀e ∈ C forAll •  var b: Boolean init f.forAll{ n | n < 250 } •  Sélection d'un sous-ensemble (filter) select •  var f2: Sequence init f.select{n | n < 100} •  Exclusion d'un sous-ensemble reject •  var f3: Sequence init f.reject{n | n < 100}

operation fire() : String

•  Mapping de fonction collect •  var f4: Sequence init fib.collect{n | n + 1}

source.owningFSM.currentState := target result := output

•  Détection d'un élément detect •  var x: Integer init fib.detect{n | n > 47} •  Existence d'un élément exists •  var b2: Boolean init fib.exists{n | n > 47 }

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operation step(c : String) : String // Get the valid transitions var validTransitions : Collection validTransitions := outgoingTransition.select { t |

t.input.equals(c) } // Check if there is one and only one valid transition if validTransitions.empty then raise NoTransition.new end if validTransitions.size > 1 then

raise NonDeterminism.new end // fire the transition result := validTransitions.one.fire

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operation run() : Void from var str : String until str == "exit" loop

stdio.writeln("current state is " + currentState.name)

str := stdio.read("Enter an input string or 'exit'

to exit simulation : ")

stdio.writeln(str)

if str != "exit" then

do

stdio.writeln("Output string : " + currentState.step(str))

rescue (ex : FSMException)

stdio.writeln("ERROR : " + ex.toString)

end

end end stdio.writeln("* END OF SIMULATION *")

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Operational Semantics for LOGO •  Expressed as a mapping from a meta-model to a virtual

machine (VM) •  LOGO VM ? •  Concept of Turtle, Lines, points… •  Let’s Model it ! •  (Defined as an Ecore meta-model)

/** * Load a sample FSM from a xmi2 file */ operation loadFSM() : FSM is do var repository : EMFRepository init EMFRepository.new var resource : EMFResource resource ?= repository.createResource("../models/fsm_sample1.xmi", "../metamodels/fsm.ecore") resource.load // Load the fsm (we get the main instance) result ?= resource.instances.one end

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Virtual Machine - Semantics

Virtual Machine - Model VMLogo.ecore

require "VMLogo.ecore" require "TurtleGUI.kmt" LogoVMSemantics.kmt

aspect class Point { method toString() : String is do result := "[" + x.toString + "," + y.toString + "]" end }

aspect class Turtle { operation setPenUp(b : Boolean) is do penUp := b end operation rotate(angle : Integer) is do heading := (heading + angle).mod(360)‫ ‏‬ end }

⇒  Defined as an Ecore meta-model

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Map Instructions to VM Actions •  Weave an interpretation

aspect into the metamodel •  add an eval() method into

each class of the LOGO MM

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aspect class PenUp { eval (ctx: Context) { ctx.getTurtle().setPenUp(true) } … aspect class Clear { eval (ctx: Context) { ctx.getTurtle().reset() }

•  Simple approach using

the Kermeta VM to « ground » the semantics of basic operations •  Or reify it into the LOGO VM •  Using eg a stack-based

machine

kermeta though


Handling control structures •  Block •  Conditional •  Repeat •  While

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Meta-level Anchoring

•  Ultimately grounding it in

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… aspect class Add { eval (ctx: Context) : Integer { result = lhs.eval(ctx) + rhs.eval(ctx) } … aspect class Add { eval (ctx: Context) { lhs.eval(ctx) // put result on top of ctx stack rhs.eval(ctx) // idem ctx.getMachine().add() }


//

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Operational semantics LogoDynSemantics.kmt require "ASMLogo.ecore" require "LogoVMSemantics.kmt"

aspect class If { operation eval(context : Context) : Integer is do if condition.eval(context) != 0 then result := thenPart.eval(context)‫ ‏‬ else result := elsePart.eval(context)‫ ‏‬ end

end }

aspect class Right { operation eval(context : Context) : Integer is do context.turtle.rotate(angle.eval(context))‫ ‏‬ end }

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Handling function calls

Getting an Interpreter

•  Use a stack frame •  Owned in the Context

•  Glue that is needed to load models •  ie LOGO programs

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•  Vizualize the result •  Print traces as text •  Put an observer on the LOGO VM to graphically display the resulting figure

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Simulator •  Execute the operational semantics

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Outline – Metamodeling Process 1.  Domain modeling (abstract syntax) 2.  Model edition (concrete syntax) 3.  Model serialization (concrete syntax) 4.  Model checker (static semantics) 5.  Simulator implementation (behavioral semantics) 6.  Compiler implementation (behavioral semantics)

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Specific platform

Implementing a model-driven compiler

•  Lego Mindstorms Turtle Robot •  Two motors for wheels •  One motor to control the pen

•  Map a LOGO program to Lego Mindstroms •  The LOGO program is like a PIM •  The target program is a PSM •  => model transformation •  Kermeta to weave a « compilation » aspect into the logo

meta-model aspect class PenUp { compile (ctx: Context) { … } } … aspect class Clear { }

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Model-to-Text vs. Model-to-Model

Model-to-Text Approaches

•  Model-to-Text Transformations •  For generating: code, xml, html, doc. •  Should be limited to syntactic level transcoding

•  For generating: code, xml, html, doc.

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•  Visitor-Based Approaches: •  Some visitor mechanisms to traverse the internal representation of a

model and write code to a text stream

•  Model-to-Model Transformations •  To handle more complex, semantic driven transformations

•  Iterators, Write ()

•  Template-Based Approaches •  A template consists of the target text containing slices of meta-code to

access information from the source and to perform text selection and iterative expansion •  The structure of a template resembles closely the text to be generated •  Textual templates are independent of the target language and simplify the generation of any textual artefacts

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Classification of Model-to-Model Transformation Techniques

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Logo to NXC Compiler •  Step 1 – Model-to-Model transformation 

     

1.  General purpose programming languages • 

Java/C#...

2.  Generic transformation tools • 

Graph transformations, XSLT…

NXC.ecore

ASMLogo.ecore

K.xmi

K.nxc.xmi

Logo2NXC.kmt

3.  CASE tools scripting languages • 

Objecteering, Rose…

•  Step 2 – Code generation with template

4.  Dedicated model transformation tools • 

OMG QVT style

NXC.ecore

5.  Meta-modeling tools • 

Metacase, Xactium, Kermeta… K.nxc.xmi

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Execution


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NXC.ket

K.nxc


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Summary

Abstract Syntax.ecore

Concrete Syntax.sts

StaticSemantics.ocl

Semantic Domain.ecore

BehavioralSemantics.kmt

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Logo Summary (1) ASMLogo.ecore

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•  Integrate all aspects coherently •  syntax / semantics / tools •  Use appropriate languages •  MOF for abstract syntax •  OCL for static semantics •  Kermeta for dynamic semantics •  Java for simulation GUI •  ...

TurtleGUI.kmt LogoStaticSem.ocl

Editor.java TurtleControler.kmt NXC.ecore LogoVMSemantics.kmt

NXC.ket


Logo Summary (2) TurtleGUI.java VMLogo.ecore

logo.sts

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•  Keep separation between concerns •  For maintainability and evolutions

Logo2NXC.kmt LogoDynSemantics.kmt

LogoSimulator.kmt

LogoNXCCompiler.kmt

October, 2012


Do It Yourself ! •  Source code of the Logo demo: •  https://gforge.inria.fr/scm/viewvc.php/trunk/kmlogo_projects/?

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Based on Eclipse/EMF Open Source

root=kermeta •  Kermeta (http://www.kermeta.org/):

► Download

it now!

•  reference documentation: http://www.kermeta.org/documents •  formation supports:

https://gforge.inria.fr/scm/viewvc.php/integration/training_projects/? root=openembedd •  More information: •  Eclipse Modeling (EMF, GMF...): http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/ •  OMG (UML, OCL, MOF...): http://www.omg.org/

•  Home page

A statically typed object-oriented executable meta-language

•  http://www.kermeta.org •  Development page

•  Webpage of this talk:

•  http://kermeta.gforge.inria.fr/

•  http://www.combemale.fr/mde/

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References •  Eclipse Modeling website: •  http://www.eclipse.org/modeling/ •  EMF Refcardz "Essential EMF": •  http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/essential-emf •  Books: •  "Eclipse Modeling Framework" (2nd edition), Budinsky et al, Addison Wesley •  "Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles : des concepts a la

pratique", Jézéquel et al., Ellipses

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