natural resources - World Resources Forum

Christian Ludwig | Cecilia Matasci | Xaver Edelmann | Editors

NAT U R A L R E S O U R C E S

WOR L D RESOURCES FORUM

ISBN: 978-3-9521409-6-3

NAT U R A L R E S O U R C E S Sustainable Targets, Technologies, Lifestyles and Governance

Christian Ludwig | Cecilia Matasci | Xaver Edelmann | Editors 2015

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Figure 5: Aggregated results; evolution of the assessments of the four aspects/ parameters


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Figure 1: A schematic illustration of the mineral carbonation process under development at ÅA.

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Figure 2: Summary for process parameters optimal range for Mg(OH)2 production (Nduagu, 2012b)

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Figure 3: Process schematic for serpentinite carbonation applied to an industrial lime kiln gas without CO2 pre-separation (Slotte et al, 2013)

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Figure 1: The slag2pcc process for PCC manufacturing from steelmaking slags.

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Figure 2: Process scheme and picture of the constructed demonstration setup at ÅAU



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Figure 3: Observed limitations for selective calcium extraction with ammonium chloride solvent, the experiments listed (Mattila and Zevenhoven, 2014) are marked with circles. The shown stoichiometric limit is calculated for a slag containing 45% CaO, of which 50% is in reactive form.

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Table 1: The chemical composition of various PCC samples produced with the slag2pcc method (XRF analysis): 1) 0.50 mol/L NH4Cl, 2) 0.65 mol/L NH4Cl, 3) 1.84 mol/L NH4Cl. (Mattila, 2014). (For entries labeled “-“ the element was not detected by the analysis instrument.)



Figure 4: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures of a) aragonite, b) rhombohedral calcite, c) vaterite and d) scalenohedral calcite particles, produced with the slag2pcc process. Scale bars 10 μm in a and c, 1 μm in b) and 2 μm in d).

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Table 3: Thermal efficiency of the Gasifier and Hot air Boiler

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Figure 3: Electrical efficiency and Specific biomass consumption per MWel of the EFGT and BGGT cycles.

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Figure 1: Schematic of solarised GT (P. Schwazbözl, 2006).

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Figure 2: Basic Philosophy of TERA

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Figure 3: Temperature-Entropy diagram of a solarised gas turbine system.

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Figure 4: Schematic of the M50 solarised representative engine.

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Table 3: Performance results of M50 solar-hybrid vs fossil-only unit.



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Figure 5: Results summary from sensitivity analysis

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Figure 6: Solar-hybrid and Fossil-only configuration emission results

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Figure 7: COE results-Solar-hybrid unit vs fossil-only unit

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Figure 8: Input Data for the 2k factorial design sensitivity analysis of the COE

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Figure 9: 2k factorial design scenario analysis

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Table 4 : TRL Levels of solarised GT components

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Figure 1: Minimum autoignition temperature vs carbon chain length (A. Hellberg, 2009).

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Figure 2. The 2nd generation DLE burner used in SGT-600.

Figure 3. The 3rd generation DLE burner for SGT-700 and SGT-800.

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Figure 4. SGT-600 non-DLE (Conventional Combustion system).

Figure 5.SGT-600 bypass system used to increase the flame temperature between 0 and 90 % load.

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Figure 6 and 7: SGT-600 at full load and 21% PFR. NOx (i) and CO ( ) vs pentane content in fuel (M. Andersson, 2011).

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Figure 8 and 9: SGT Normalized emissions of NOx and CO from the experimental burner as a function of pentane content in the fuel [6] and Normalized emissions for different burner configuration (A. Bonaldo, 2014). (GLWRUV/XGZLJ0DWDVFLDQG(GHOPDQQ


Figure 10. Normalized NOx at 100% load on Ethane $%RQDOGR .

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Figure 1: Sewage Treatment Plant Projects: (A) PTAR “La Enlozada”, (B) PTAR “Escalerilla”

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Table 1: Estimated Power and Yearly Energy Production from Sewage Water

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Figure 1. Generic flowchart of coffee production in Peru

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Figure 2. Unused coffee pulp

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Figure 3. CAD Modell of the pyrolysis prototype including FLOX burner, reactor and cyclone separator

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Figure 4. Connection of the pyrolysis plant to the existing burning unit (wood, fossil fuel or coffee husks) as well to the existing pre-drying and drying process.

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Figure 5 Simple Biochar production with a double cylinder oven

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Figure 1. Cluster scheme of processes that can be coupled to enhance microbial diversity.

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Figure 2. Description of the basic reactor operational processes for adapting microbial consortia.

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Figure 1: Per cent change in carbon emissions from moving from air to HSR for study routes

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Figure 1. Grain size distribution of copper (left) and zinc in MSWI bottom ash. The mass fractions of the grain size distribution are displayed on the left side (second y-axis).

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