Equivalent Porous Medium (EPM). ⢠It is the simplest model. ⢠It has been the first one to be used to model groundwater flow and transport in fractured geological ...
Numerical modeling of groundwater flow, solute transport and heat transfer in porous geological media Daniela Blessent, PhD
Profesora Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad de Medellín
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Contents • Geological porous media in hydrogeology • Conceptual models
• Applications • Solute transport in heterogeneous media • Hydraulic interference tests • Infiltration in waste rock piles • Coupled surface-subsurface water modeling • Heat transfer in geological media
• Conclusion 2
Introduction • Representative Elementary Volume (REV)
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V2
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Adaptado de Bear (1972) y http://echo2.epfl.ch/VICAIRE/mod_3/chapt_1/main.htm
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Introduction • Porosity
PRIMARY POROSITY
SECONDARY POROSITY 4
Introduction • Equivalent Porous Medium (EPM) • Double/dual porosity • Double/dual permeability
For heterogeneous media
• Stochastic facies EPM 5
Equivalent Porous Medium (EPM) • It is the simplest model • It has been the first one to be used to model groundwater flow and transport in fractured geological media (Bodin et al., 2003) • It is viable is a REV can be defined
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Equivalent Porous Medium (EPM) • It can be applied to fractured geological media if: • Fracture density is high • Fracture orientation is random • Fracture aperture is almost constant • Large scale modeling is conducted
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Double/Dual Continuum • Two media with different properties are considered
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Solute transport: double porosity model • Water is not flowing in the matrix • Double-porosity transport in mobile and immobile regions
Immobile region Only mass Transport by diffusion
Mobile region flujo
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Solute transport: double permeability model • Water is flowing in the matrix
Matrix Low permeability flow
Fractures or second medium High permeability flow 10
Double porosity vs. double permeability model • Water is flowing in the matrix
(Clifford, 2001)
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Contents • Geological porous media in hydrogeology • Conceptual models
• Applications • Solute transport in heterogeneous media • Hydraulic interference tests • Infiltration in waste rock piles • Coupled surface-subsurface water modeling • Heat transfer in geological media
• Conclusion 12
Solute Transport
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Field-scale predictive capabilities • DFMD, DP (dual porosity), and EPM conceptual models for transport in fractured porous medium are compared by simulating vertical transport of pesticide compound through a 16m-thick saturated fractured clayey till near Havdrup in Denmark
Objective: to build robust calibrated models to predict contamination migrations for future scenarios
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Simulation domain
Till Units Sand, local aquifer
Aquitard
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Solute Transport • Solute exchange between the mobile and immobile regions is simulated by introducing the following relation in addition to transport in a 3D porous medium
imm cimm t
imm 0
imm imm c cimm
First-order mass transfer coefficient between the mobile and immobile regions
imm
3imm Dimm 2 B
where Dimm is the diffusion coefficient of the immobile region [LT-2] and B the fracture half-spacing [L] 16
Equivalent hydraulic conductivity • Estimation of the Keq for EPM and DP conceptual models, for a set of parallel fractures of half-aperture b, half-spacing L, and hydraulic conductivity Kf bK f L b K m K eq L
(Bear, 1993)
• The fracture porosity, which is also the mobile porosity θm in a DP model, is evaluated with the following relation: b1 b2 nf L1 L2
(Bear, 1993)
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Equivalent dispersivity • When the EPM model is applied, an equivalent dispersivity incorporates the effects of both the porous matrix and the discrete (Kool and Wu, 1991)
• The determination of the effective dispersivities is one of the most critical steps in the application of the EPM approach • Non realistic values may be calculated 18
Numerical results
Simulations conducted with FRAC3Dvs (Therrien and Sudicky 1996)
• Contaminant concentration at the domain bottom boundary
Concentration is evaluated here
Base case scenario
New recharge rate
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Numerical results
Simulations conducted with FRAC3Dvs (Therrien and Sudicky 1996)
• Numerical results with solute degradation: EPM works better than DP model
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Contents • Geological porous media in hydrogeology • Conceptual models
• Applications • Solute transport in heterogeneous media • Hydraulic interference tests • Infiltration in waste rock piles • Coupled surface-subsurface water modeling • Heat transfer in geological media
• Conclusion 21
Hydraulic interference tests
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Hydraulic interference tests
Objective: estimating hydraulic rock properties, which are required to properly build underground nuclear waste disposal facilities 23
Site location: Finland
http://nordic.businessinsider.com/finlands-100000-year-tombs-for-storing-nuclear-waste-is-drawing-the-worlds-admiration-2017-1/
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Hydraulic interference tests • Pumping and observation wells
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Hydraulic interference tests • Definition of EPM “facies” based on fracture density:
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Hydraulic interference tests • Geostatistical realization de rock facies
Realizations conducted with software T-PROGS
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Hydraulic interference tests • Result: estimation of hydraulic conductivity
Prior Information
95% confidence Intervals for the estimated facies hydraulic conductivities
Simulations conducted with HydroGeoSphere Coupled with PEST
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Contents • Geological porous media in hydrogeology • Conceptual models
• Applications • Solute transport in heterogeneous media • Hydraulic interference tests • Infiltration in waste rock piles • Coupled surface-subsurface water modeling • Heat transfer in geological media
• Conclusion 29
Waste rock piles
http://woodsperson.blogspot.com.co/2012/02/potential-impact-of-waste-rockand.html
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Waste rock piles • Waste rock is the material with low metal contents (cannot be economically recoverable) • Waste rock is usually stored in large, partially water-saturated, porous heaps or piles • Sulfides are present in waste rock, AMD can be produced by these piles due to sulfide oxidation
https://www.dwa.gov.za/Projects/AMDFSLTS/default.aspx
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Waste rock piles • Acid mine drainage (AMD)
http://www.peterscreek.org/PetersCreekWatershed/p cwaAMD1.html
http://www.accdpa.org/conservation-solution-center/watershed/abandoned-mine-drainage/
http://www.youngreporters.org/menu/award s/photos/2013/yre-2nd-place-acid-minedrainage-at-ribeira-guas-fortes
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Waste rock piles • Waste rock is usually stored in large, partially water-saturated, porous heaps or piles Conceptual representation of the internal structure of a WRP constructed in benches on a flat surface by pushdumping (adapted from Aubertin et al., 2005)
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Waste rock piles • Preferential pathways can be associated with macropores and lens of high permeability material • This behaviour has been observed in • Laboratory tests • Field tests
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Waste rock piles • Modeling of preferential pathways in waste rock piles Objective: reducing infiltration into the piles and thus AMD
(Lefebvre et al., 2001) 35
Waste rock piles • Modeling of preferential pathways in waste rock piles • Variable-saturated water flow • Water retention curves have to be determined
(PEREGOEDOVA, 2012)
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Waste rock piles • EPM and stochastic EPM facies in a 7 m high waste rock pile Compacted fine grained material in the Top and bottom layer Waste rock in the middle
3 waste rock materials: stochastic facies realizations 37
Waste rock piles • Simulated saturation After 65 days
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Waste rock piles • Contrast in degree of saturation within short distances is a critical issue for waste rock piles, as these parameters control the hydrogeological, geochemical and geotechnical responses
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Waste rock piles • Vertical degree of saturation profile
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Contents • Geological porous media in hydrogeology • Conceptual models
• Applications • Solute transport in heterogeneous media • Hydraulic interference tests • Infiltration in waste rock piles • Coupled surface-subsurface water modeling • Heat transfer in geological media
• Conclusion 41
Coupled surface-subsurface water flow
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Coupled surfacesubsurface water flow
Scheme of surface and subsurface coupling (modified from Liggett et al. 2012)
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Coupled surface-subsurface water flow • Modeling scenarios with different ainfall temporal distribution, mesh resolution, coupling length, physical processes (subsurface flow, surface flow, and evapotranspiration), and soil heterogeneity
Objective: analyzing the sensitivity of simulated pore-water pressure and infiltration
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Coupled surface-subsurface water flow • Rainfall temporal distribution and model domain
EPM vs. Stochastic EPM facies to represent Hydraulic properties of rock blocks (CASE D) 45
Coupled surface-subsurface water flow • Impact of conceptual model on simulated water pore-pressure
Stochastic EPM facies
EPM 46
Coupled surface-subsurface water flow • Impact of evapotranspiration on simulated water pore-pressure
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Contents • Geological porous media in hydrogeology • Conceptual models
• Applications • Solute transport in heterogeneous media • Hydraulic interference tests • Infiltration in waste rock piles • Heat transfer in geological media
• Conclusion 48
UNESCO IGCP636 project
https://www.unescoigcp636.org/
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UNESCO IGCP636 project
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Heat transfer modeling • Get started with heat transfer modeling • OpenGeoSys, HydroGeoSphere, Comsol Multyphysics, Feflow Objective: comparing different modeling tools
• Large scale numerical modeling • Nevado del Ruiz geothermal reservoir Objective: geothermal potential estimation
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Heat transfer modeling • Get started with heat transfer modeling Temperature gradient °K/m
T q L
Layer 1: λ=3.6 W/m·K Layer 2: λ=2.8 W/m·K
Layer 3: λ=1.2 W/m·K Heat flow W/m2 Thermal conductivity W/m·K
Layer 4: λ=4.5 W/m·K 52
Heat transfer modeling • Large scale numerical modeling • Nevado del Ruiz geothermal reservoir Trabajo de grado de Vélez (2015)
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Heat transfer modeling • Large scale numerical modeling • Nevado del Ruiz geothermal reservoir
Trabajo de grado de Córdoba (2017)
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Heat transfer modeling • This model takes in account an heterogeneous thermal conductivity in the “Pes” layer • Decreasing of thermal conductivity with increase in temperature • Nevado del Ruiz geothermal reservoir
Trabajo de grado de Córdoba (2017)
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Heat transfer modeling
Simulations conducted with OpenGeoSys http://www.opengeosys.org/
(Vélez et al. submitted)
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Heat transfer modeling • Inferring terrestrial heat flow from thermal response test data combined with a temperature profile (Vélez et al., 2017)
Objective: assessing the terrestrial heat flow
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Heat transfer modeling • Simulated and observed temperature along the borehole (Vélez et al., 2017)
Simulations conducted with Comsol MultyPhysics (heat transfer and optimization modules) 58
Conclusions • There are several different applications of hydrogeological modeling to porous media • EPM is the first approach to be considered for modeling purposes • Field and laboratory work is mandatory to properly characterize the geological media and to reduce the uncertainty associated with the simulation results 59
Event
September 22 Universidad de Medellín 8 am – 12 pm FREE ASSISTANCE
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Gracias Contacto: Daniela Blessent: dblessent@udem.edu.co
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