Zootaxa 3702 (3): 295–300 www.mapress.com /zootaxa / Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press
Article
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ZOOTAXA
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http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2C23FA48-C5BA-4E33-AED9-6D30DA859646
Paleonura bilinskii (Collembola, Neanuridae, Paleonurini), a new species from Ecuador GRZEGORZ PAŚNIK & WANDA MARIA WEINER Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland. E-mail:
[email protected],
[email protected]
The genus Paleonura Cassagnau, 1982, with 50 species, is found mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world with some species restricted to high altitudes. Eighteen species have been described from the mountains above 800 m a. s. l., in the Himalayas (13 species) and Kenya and Tanzania (three species each). Seven species (together with the new one) have been found in the mountains above 3000 m a. s. l.: P. ganesh Cassagnau, 1991, P. indrabahadouri Cassagnau, 1991, P. setikholensis Cassagnau, 1991, P. spectabilis Cassagnau, 1982, P. khumbica Yosii, 1971 (all Himalayas), P. africana Cassagnau, 1996 (Kenya) and P. bilinskii sp. nov. (Ecuador). The northernmost record of the genus is P. peterbellingeri Palacios-Vargas & Simón Benito, 2007, from a cave in Virginia, USA (38°55'59.44" N) and the most southern, P. limnophila (Cassagnau & Rapoport, 1962) from Argentina (42°52'24.48" S). Terminology follows Deharveng (1983), Deharveng and Weiner (1984). Abbreviations used in the text and tables: General morphology: Abd. I–VI––abdominal terga I–VI, Ant. I–IV––antennal segments I–IV, Cx––coxa, Fe–– femur, Scx2––subcoxa 2, Ti––tibiotarsus, Th. I–III––thoracic terga I–III, Tr––trochanter, VT––ventral tube. Tubercles and chaetal groups: Af––antenno-frontal, CL––clypeal, De––dorso-external, Di––dorso-internal, Dl––dorso-lateral, L––lateral, Oc––ocular, So––subocular, VL––ventro-lateral, Ve––ventro-external, Ag–– antegenital, An––anal. Types of chaetae: M––macrochaeta, Mc––short macrochaeta, me––mesochaeta, mi––microchaeta, ms––ssensorial microchaeta, S––Sensorial chaeta.
Paleonura bilinskii sp. nov. Figs 1–7, Tab. 1 Diagnosis. Habitus typical of the genus Paleonura (Fig. 1 and 2). Dorsal tubercles poorly developed, distinct only on posterior abdominal segments. Buccal cone elongate. Head with 2 Oc chaetae. Ant. IV with trilobed apical vesicle. Tubercles Af and CL with A, B, C, D and F, G chaetae respectively. Tubercles De on Th. II and III with 2 chaetae + S. Tubercles De on Abd. I–III with 2 chaetae + S. Tubercles De and Dl on Abd. IV separated with 2 + S and 3 chaetae respectively. Type material. Holotype: male (E–99–1–HT), paratypes: male (E–99–1/2), 2 females (E–99–1/3–4). All deposited in the Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals PAS in Kraków (ISEA). Type locality. Ecuador, El Ángel Reserve, Páramo (0°43'02,67'' N, 77°57'59,47'' W), 3600–3700 m, 6.VI.1999, in the axils of marcescent leaves of Espeletia, Sz. Biliński leg. Etymology. Named for Sz. Biliński who collected the specimens. Description. Body length 2.1–2.51 mm males and 2.72–3.14 mm females. Colour white in alcohol, orange-red alive (Fig. 1). Cuticular granulation homogenous, rather fine, except for small areas around some setae. Abd. VI bilobed (Fig. 2). Antennae shorter than head (about 3/4 of the length of head). Ant. I with 7 chaetae, Ant. II with 11 chaetae. Ant. III and IV fused dorsally, ventral separation well marked. Sensory organ on antennal segment III consisting of
Accepted by P. Greenslade: 12 Aug. 2013; published: 27 Aug. 2013
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two small internal sensilla bent in the same direction, two almost equal, subcylindrical guard sensilla and a small ventral microsensillum. Ant. IV dorsally (Fig. 5) with ordinary chaetae and 8 thick subequal cylindrical S chaetae, two dorso-external and six dorso-internal. Ant. IV organite as a short thick rod. Apical vesicle distinct, trilobed. Ventral chaetotaxy of Ant. IV as in Fig. 6.
FIGURE 1. Paleonura bilinskii sp. nov.: Photograph of live animal.
Eyes 2+2 large, without pigmentation. Head without well developed tubercles (Fig. 3). Ocular area with two setae. Mandible with two teeth, maxilla without lamellae, styliform. Labium with 3 distal (A, C, D), 3 basal (E, F, G) and 3 lateral chaetae (c, d, e)(Fig. 7). Head chaetotaxy as in Fig. 3 and Tab.1. Total dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 2 and Table 1. Abd. III–IV with poorly developed tubercles De. Abd. V with moderately developed tubercles De+Dl+L. Tubercles De and Dl separated on Abd. IV. Tubercles De, Dl and L fused on Abd. V on each side of axis. Tibiotarsi I, II and III with 18, 18 and 17 chaetae respectively (chaeta M absent) (Fig. 10). Leg chaetotaxy given in Table. 1. Claw without teeth. Ventral chaetotaxy as in Fig. 4. VT with 4+4 chaetae. Furcula vestige with 4 mesochaetae, without microchaetae. Male and female genital plates as in Figs 8 and 9 respectively. Anal tubercle with 12 chaetae and 2 microchaetae. Remarks. Paleonura bilinskii sp. nov. is distinguished from other species of the genus by the combination of the following characters: head with 2+2 eyes and two chaetae Oc.; tubercle Af with chaetae A, B, C and D; Ant. 4 with trilobed apical vesicle; tubercles De on Th. II and III with 3 chaetae (2 + S); tubercles De and Dl on Abd. IV separated and with 3 chaetae (2 + S); tubercle Di on Abd. V with two chaetae.
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PAŚNIK & WEINER
FIGURES 2–4. Paleonura bilinskii sp. nov.: 2, dorsal chaetotaxy; 3, head chaetotaxy; 4, ventral chaetotaxy.
Among other Neotropical species of Paleonura with 2+2 eyes, two ocular chaetae and separated tubercles De and Dl on Abd. V, the new species most closely resembles P. daniae Palacios-Vargas & Diaz, 1992 from Cuba and P. friasica Cassagnau & Oliveira, 1990 from Argentina. It can be distinguished from them by the trilobed apical vesicle of Ant. IV and presence of three chaetae De and Dl on Abd. IV (two in both other species). The new species differs from P. daniae also by the presence of chaeta A on tubercle Af (absent in P. daniae) and the tubercle L with three chaetae on Th. II–III and Abd. I–III ( two chaetae in P. daniae), whereas from the second species it differs by the lack of chaeta E on tubercle Af (present in P. friasica) and the presence of five chaetae L on Abd. IV (four chaetae in P. friasica). PALEONURA BILINSKII SP. N. (NEANURIDAE) FROM ECUADOR
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FIGURES 5–10. Paleonura bilinskii sp. nov.: 5, Ant. III–IV, dorsal view; 6, Ant. III–IV, ventral view; 7, chaetotaxy of labium and group Vi; 8, male genital plate; 9, female genital plate; 10, femur and tibiotarsus III.
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TABLE 1. Chaetotaxy of Paleonura bilinskii sp. nov. (per half tergite). Cephalic chaetotaxy
Group of chaetae Cl
Tubercle –
Number of chaetae 4
Af
–
8
Oc
+
2
Di + De
(+)*
4
Dl + L + So
–
16
Type of chaetae M Mc M Mc M me M me M Mc me
Chaetae F G B A, C, D Ocm Oca Di1, De1 Di2, De2 Dl 1, Dl 4 Dl 2 Dl 3, Dl 5, Dl 6, L 14, So 1-6
* tubercle poorly developed Postcephalic, ventral and leg chaetotaxy
Di
De
Dl
L
Scx2
Cx
Tr
Fe
Ti
Th. I
me
M+me
M
0
0
2
6
12
18
Th. II
M+2me
M+me+s
M+2me+s+ms
3
2
7
6
11
18
Th. III
M+2me
M+me+s
M+2me+s+ms
3
2
8
6
10
17
Abd. I
M+me
M+me+s
2M
3
VT: 4
Abd. II
M+me
M+me+s
2M
3
Ve: 4
Abd. III
M+me
M+me+s
2M
3
Ve: 3, Fu: 4
Abd. IV
M+me
M+me+s
2M+me
5
Ve: 7, Vl: 4
Abd. V
M+me
Abd. VI
---------- 4 + s ---------------------- 7 -------------
Ag: 3(4), Vl: 1, L: 3(4) Ve: 12, An: 2*
* on each anal valvae
Acknowledgement We are grateful to Szczepan Biliński, Professor at the Jagiellonian University, who collected the material of the new species. The photo of a living individual of the new species in situ was taken by the late Professor Janusz Wojtusiak who died in 2012. We wish to thank Penelope Greenslade (editor), Adrian Smolis and one anonymous reviewer for suggesting improvements to the manuscript.
References Cassagnau, P. (1982) Sur les Neanurinae primitives suceurs et les lignées que en dérivent (Collemboles). Travaux du Laboratoire d’ Écobiologie des Arthropodes Édaphiques, Toulouse, 3, 1–11. Cassagnau, P. (1991) Les Collemboles Neanurinae de l’Himalaya. II: Paranurini et Paleonurini paucitubercules. Travaux du Laboratoire d’Écobiologie des Arthropodes Édaphiques, Toulouse, 6 (4), 1–20. Cassagnau, P. (1996) Collemboles Paleonurini primitifs d’Afrique et de Madagascar. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N. S.), 22 (2), 121–161.
PALEONURA BILINSKII SP. N. (NEANURIDAE) FROM ECUADOR
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Cassagnau, P. & de Oliveira, E.P. (1990) Les collemboles Neanurinae d'Amerique du Sud. Bulletin de la Societé D'histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, 126, 19–23. Cassagnau, P. & Rapoport, E.H. (1962) Collembole d’Amérique du sud. I. Poduromorphes. In: Delamare Deboutteville, C. & Rapoport, E.H. (Eds.) Biologie de l’Amérique Australe, Paris, CNRS, I, 139–184. Deharveng, L. (1983) Morphologie évolutive des Collemboles Neanurinae en particulier de la lignée Neanurienne. Travaux du Laboratoire d’Ecobiologie des Arthropodes Edaphiques, Toulouse, 4 (2), 1–63. Deharveng, L. & Weiner, W.M. (1984) Collemboles de Corée du Nord. III–Morulinae et Neanurinae. Travaux du Laboratoire d’Ecobiologie des Arthropodes édaphiques, Toulouse 4 (4), 1–61. Palacios-Vargas, J.G. & Díaz, M. (1992) Dos nuevas especies de Neanúridos (Insecta: Collembola) de Cuba. Caribbean Journal of Sciences, 28, 158–164. Palacios-Vargas, J.G. & Simón Benito, J.C. (2007) A new genus and three new species of Neanuridae (Collembola) from North America. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 69 (3), 318–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.2317/jkes0704-03.1 Yosii, R. (1971) Collembola of Khumbu Himal. Khumbu Himal. Khumbu Himal, Innsbruck–München, 4 (1), 80–130.
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