pengamalan kepimpinan transformasi di kalangan

NON-CFC REFRIGERANTS; FIRST AND SECOND LAW EFFICIENCIES

SIA CHEE KIONG

Laporan projek ini dikemukakan Sebagai memenuhi sebahagian daripada syarat penganugerahan ijazah Sarjana Kejuruteraan Mekanikal

Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

MARCH, 2004

Specially dedicated to the ones I love, my family, friends and companion.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

A very big thank to my supervisors Dr Normah Mohd Ghazali and Professor Amer Nordin Darus for they unending guidance to me until to the completion to my thesis. They support was a motivation for me to perform better.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank my family, girlfriend, and classmate, housemate, who have been by my side throughout this time for their friendship, loyalty and support. They were indeed the catalyst for me to perform better.

Finally, I would like to thank God for his continuous blessings upon my life and in my work. Praise be to God whom all blessing flow.

ABSTRACT

Concern about the ozone depletion and green house effects caused by refrigerants have initiated and continued studies into more environmentally friendly refrigerants. This study looked into the performance of these refrigerants in terms of second law efficiency, COP, irreversibility, and discharge temperature. A program based on Visual Basic has been developed that can quantify the parameters above and this can be used to guide industrialists in their efforts to build or retrofit systems with new refrigerants. Results from the simulation have shown that R134a is potentially good as a replacement for R12, R402a for R502, and R407c for R22.

ABSTRAK

Penipisan lapisan ozon dan kesan rumah hijau yang disebabkan oleh bendalir penyejuk telah menyebabkan kajian terhadap bendalir penyejuk yang lebih cintai alam dimulakan dan diteruskan. Kajian ini difokuskan pada prestasi bendalir panyejuk dari segi second law efficiency, COP, irreversibility dan discharge temperature. Program yang ditulis dengan menggunakan perisian Visual Basic telah pun dibangunkan untuk mengkuantitatifkan parameter yang tertera diatas. Perisian ini boleh digunakan untuk membimbing para industrilis dalam usaha membangun bendalir penyejuk yang baru. Keputusan yang diperolehi dari simulasi menunjukan R134a berpotensi menggantikan R12 manakala R402a untuk R502 dan R407c untuk R22.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER

CHAPTER I

CONTENTS

PAGE

DECLARATION

ii

DEDICATION

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

iv

ABSTRACT

v

ABSTRAK

vi

TABLE OF CONTENT

vii

LIST OF TABLES

x

LIST OF FIGURES

xi

LIST OF SYMBOLS

xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES

xiv

INTRODUCTION

1

1.1

2

Ozone depleting and global warming effects 1.1.1

Ozone depleting effects

2

1.1.2

Global warming effects

3

1.1.3

Total equivalent warming

3

index 1.2

Background

4

CHAPTER II

CHAPTER III

THEORY AND FORMULATION

8

2.1

Refrigerant cycle

2.2

Ideal vapor compression cycle

9

2.3

Ideal vapor compression cycle

9

2.4

Total irreversibility

11

2.5

Second law efficiency

15

2.6

Programming

17

2.6.1

17

Visual Basic 6.0

ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANT

20

3.1

20

Substitution of the alternative refrigerant

3.2

Characteristics of working fluids

21

for refrigeration applications 3.2.1

Fully halogenated

21

chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) 3.2.2

Partially halogenated

21

chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) 3.2.3

Halons

22

3.2.4

Hydrofluorocarbons

22

(HFC) 3.2.5

Fluoroiodocarbons (FIC)

22

3.2.6

Hydrocarbons

23

3.2.7

HFCs and HFC blends

23

3.2.8

HCFCs and HCFC blends

24

3.2.9

Ammonia and

25

hydrocarbons (HCs)

3.2.10 3.3

CHAPTER IV

CHAPTER V

Other substitutes

26

Blends and mixtures

29

3.3.1

Azeotropes

29

3.3.2

Near-azeotropes

30

3.3.3

Zeotropes

30

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

32

4.0

Comparison difference working fluids

32

4.1

Coefficient Of Performance (COP)

33

4.1.1

35

Compression Ratio

4.2


36

4.3

Total irreversibility

38

4.4

Relationship of pressure and temperature

40

4.1

Discharge temperature

41

CONCLUSION

43

Bibliography

44

Appendix A (Thermodynamic properties of

47

refrigerants) Appendix B (Interfaces of software)

110

x

LIST OF TABLE

TABLE

TITLE

PAGE

3.2

Refrigeration properties of CFC alternative

28

4.1

The banned refrigerant and the substitutes that been compared

33

xi

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO.

TITLE

PAGE

2.1

T-s diagram of an ideal vapor – compression refrigerant cycle

10

2.2

Schematic of a refrigerator where TA>TH and

11

TL>TB 2.3

Schematic of the equipment and a T-s diagram for

12

a vapor compression refrigeration cycle 2.4

Programming flow chart

18

3.1

Application range of HFCs and HFC blends

24

3.2

Application range of HCFCs and HCFC blends

25

3.3

Application range of halogen free refrigerant

26

3.4

General survey of the alternative refrigerant

27

4.1

COP vs condensing pressure for R12, R401a and

34

R134a 4.2

COP vs condensing pressure for R22, R407c

34

4.3

COP vs condensing pressure for R402a, R402b

35

and R502 4.4

Plot of second law efficiency vs pressure for R12

36

and the substitutes 4.5


37

and R47c 4.6


37

and the substitutes 4.7

Total irreversibility of R12, R401a and R134a

38

4.8

Total irreversibility of R22 and R407c

39

4.9

Total irreversibility ofR502, R402a and R402b

39

xii 4.10

Pressure against temperature for R134a, R12 and

40

R401a 4.11

Pressure again temperature for R22 and R407c

41

4.12

Discharge temperature for R12 and the substitutes

42

4.13

Discharge temperature for R22 and R407

42

LIST OF SYMBOLS

COP

Coefficient Of Performance

Cv

Specific heat at constant volume

Cp

Specific heat at constant volume

H

Enthalpy, H=U+PV

∆hR

Enthalpy of reaction

∆hf

Enthalpy of formation

h

Specific enthalpy,

h*

h*=h+ke+pe

I

Irreversibility

i

Specific irreversibility

k

Specific heat ratio

m

Mass of substance

pe

Specific potential energy

Q

Heat interaction

q

Heat interaction per unit mass

S

Entropy

s

Specific entropy

T

Temperature

U

Internal energy

u

Specific internal energy

v

Specific volume

W

Work interaction; thermodynamic properties

GREEK SYMBOL AND SPECIAL NOTATION

∆

A finite increase in a properties

δ

An infinitesimal increase in a path function

ε

Energy of a particle; second law effectiveness

η

Efficiency

σ

Entropy production

σQ

Entropy production associated with heat transfer

Φ

Extensive closed system availability (exergy)

Φtot

Sum of thermodynamical and chemical availability

φ

Closed system availability per unit mass

ψ

Stream availability per unit mass

≡

Identity symbol

LIST OF APPENDIX

APPENDIX

TITLE

A

Thermodynamic properties of refrigerants

B

Interfaces of the software

PAGE

47 110

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.0

Introduction Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a class of chemical compounds containing

chlorine and fluorine atoms. Their wide range of industrial and consumer product uses, however, were found to be causing significant damage to the ozone layer. Consequently, the manufacture and use of the CFCs that were causing the most damage was phased out through the 1990s. First discovered in 1930, a variety of CFC compounds known as Freons (a trademark of the E. I. Du Pont Corporation) were synthesized by chemists. Because these compounds are relatively inert (chemically stable), non-toxic, nonflammable, odourless, and inexpensive to produce, they were ideal for a variety of applications.

CFC-11 (trichloromonofluoromethane) and CFC-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane). Introduced in commercially in the year 1951, CFC-12 became very popular as a coolant in air conditioners, refrigerators, freezers, and as an expander to produce tiny bubbles in foam cups, food trays, and other products. CFCs were also used as propellants in aerosol products, such as hair spray or paint, and to clean computer chips and medical equipment.

2 1.1

Ozone depleting and global warming effects The threat of ozone depletion and global warming is of very serious concern to

mankind. Most refrigerants in use today contribute significantly to either or both of the effects. However, quantifying their effects is a difficult exercise with at least three main approaches; the Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), Global Warming Potential (GWP), and Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI). All of which is described by some numerical values based on some reference states. The computations of these indexes are complex and involve a large number of analytical, experimental and empirical data inputs. The practice will continue as more developed and sophisticated models are introduced. The numbers associated with each approach are continuously being revised with the availability of more data.

1.1.1

Ozone depleting effect The presence of the ozone layer prevents the UV radiation from reaching the

earth. The ozone depleting effect involves the reduction and/or removal of this thin layer, allowing the harmful UV radiation to reach the crops and the phyto-plankton of the oceans. Life on earth depends either directly on indirectly on these minute organisms with some of the consequences being an increase in the incidents of skin cancer, cataracts and impairment of the body's immune system. [17]

Both CFCs and halons (related chemicals which contain bromine) are chemically stable and can persist for many years in the atmosphere. Their eventual breakdown in the stratosphere releases halogens, with the CFCs releasing chlorine and the halons releasing bromine. These halogens break down the ozone layer without being destroyed. Thus, one halogen atom can breakdown thousands of molecules of ozone before it is finally removed from the atmosphere. The extent of the destruction very much depends on the type (Cl2 or/and Br2) and number of halogens being released, and its residence time in the atmosphere. A relative index, ODP, is assigned to a substance indicating the extent

3 to which it may cause ozone depletion, with CFC 11 used as the reference point having a value of 1. A substance with a given weight, having an ODP of 0.5 would mean that it would deplete half the ozone that the same weight of CFC 11 would.

1.1.2

Global Warming Effect The global warming effect is the increased in the earth’s temperature which is

brought about by the absorption of long wave radiation by various gases present in the troposphere. The layer extends to about 15 km over the earth’s surface with the gases behaving as an insulator. Under normal circumstances, the warming up effect raised the earth’s temperature from as low as –18oC to acceptable living conditions. Natural concentrations of C02 and H20 actually keep up the balance. However, a fraction change in this effect can significantly influence the wind flow pattern and subsequently the weather conditions. Continuous heating up of the earth’s surface may have caused the increase in sea level and the melting of the ice caps. The extent of effects is described with the index GWP [17]. A refrigeration system releasing molecules of CFSs may have adverse long term effects on the environment depending on the length of time it stays in the atmosphere. The index GWP for different gases is based on C02 with R11 sometimes used as the reference gas. Since each has a GWP value of unity, it is important to mention the reference gas when using GWPs.

1.1.3

Total equivalent warming index

Another approach to describing the effects of CFCs is the concept of Total Equivalent Warming Index (TEWI). This last method involves the energy consumption of the equipment during its operation, which may also contribute to global warming. The

4 amount and type of blowing agent used in the insulation, the energy consumption over the system expected lifetime, and the contributions from the refrigerant itself are factors that must be taken into account. [17].

1.2

Background

Molina and Rowlands (1974) maintained that CFCs UV radiation in the stratosphere principally destroyed the ozone layer. The chlorine released in the high stratosphere encouraged the decomposition of ozone to oxygen allowing UV radiation to penetrate to lower altitudes. A constant CFC emission of 700,000 tonnes per year can deplete up to 3% of the ozone layer after a hundred years (Ho Man, 1987). Starting from the mid seventies through the eighties, scientists have discovered an alarming decrease in ozone over Antarctica and Arctic during the winter months. The so-called ozone holes over both poles, which grew larger each year, were linked to CFCs released into the atmosphere. The CFCs slowly diffused into the stratosphere (upper atmosphere) and get partially broken down by sunlight releasing free radicals in the process. Studies have proven that these free radicals react with ozone. The danger posed by CFCs had many countries, among them the United States, Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Canada, banning the use of CFC-11 in spray cans in the late 1970s. Then in September 1987, 24 developed nations signed the Montreal Protocol to cut production of five CFCs with additional agreements signed between 1990 and 2000. CFCs have been replaced by less stable CFC compounds and by non-CFC chemicals, which break down before they reach the stratosphere. Puong, et al (1987) found that among the R21-DMETEG, R21-DMF, R22DMETEG, and R22-DMF of fluorocarbon refrigerant, R21-DMETEG stands out as the most suitable solution for low temperature vapour absorption heat pump (VAHP) applications. Correlations are given for a quick estimation of COP and limiting generator

5 temperature. The performance characteristics compared are total heat output per unit solution flow rate, heating coefficient of performance (COPh), second low efficiency and circulation ratio. Vincent L. DiFiliippo (1989) illustrated HFC- 134a as a replacement for CFC-12 with a technical overview of converting reciprocating air conditioning and refrigeration systems to HFC-134a. Their study summarized HFC-134a land based and shipboard test results, as well as expanded on the technical developments experienced during the implementation process. Wen-Lu Weng and Bin-Chang Huang (1995) used the Iwai-Margerum-Lu equation of state in their study of the thermodynamics performances of a variety of fluid circulating in an ideal heat pump cycle. Their evaluations were implemented at three operating conditions. Their result showed that the normal boiling point and the critical pressure of compounds are the key properties for selecting the thermodynamically proper working fluids. Several potential non-CFC compounds were suggested for the heat pumps with respect to each application depending on the compressor type. I. L. Maclaine-cross and E. Leonardi (1995) in their paper mentioned that initially R290 could replace R22 while LPG mixtures can replace R12 and R134a. The halogen free refrigerant (R600a) gives the highest value of COP compared with other refrigerants such as RC270, R12 and R134a. The market for R600a grew as new equipment exploits the advantages of its lower vapour pressure. The refrigerant has half the leakage, pressure loss, condenser pressure, and twice the heat transfer properties of R12 and R134a. Energy consumption savings is also achieved with R600a refrigeration systems. S.M.Sami and P.J.Tulej,(1995) studied the comparative performance of ternary blends proposed as substitution for CFC-12. An experiment to evaluate the blend performance was set up, which includes a domestic refrigerator. The ternary blend

6 NARM-12 was found to consume 35% less energy than CFC-12, and exhibits shorter cycles at comparable pressure ratios than CFC-12. A. Stegou, (1996) in his study of the thermodynamic properties formulations and heat transfer aspects for replacement refrigerant - R-123 and R-134a - stressed about analytical relations for the thermodynamic properties, enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacities at constant pressure and temperature of the replacement refrigerants R-123 and R-134a. The isentropic change in the particular fluids was also studied and a set of graphs were plotted to illustrate the dependence of these exponents on the pressure and temperature. The results are useful in efforts to improve the basic design as new refrigerants are being considered to replace the CFCs refrigerant. S.B. Riffat, et al (1996) presented a review of the application of the main natural refrigerants for refrigeration and air conditioning systems as an alternative to synthetic new refrigerants (HFCs). The natural working fluids that have been studied are Air, H2O, CO2, NH4, Hydrocarbons and etc. Their result showed the hydrocarbons give the better COP compared of CFCs refrigerant. D. T. Ray, et al (1997) developed correlations for CFC-114 and HFC-236ea. The model was tested for a range of inlet condenser water temperatures and evaporator loads. The results are presented and compared with data provided by the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) in Annapolis, MD. Several recommendations to further improve the performance of HFC-236ea in Navy chillers were given. They include adjusting the load of the evaporator to achieve positive gauge pressure, use of a purge device, use of a variable speed compressor, further testing with azeotropic mixtures, and use of high performance tubes in the heat exchangers. The results yield additional insight as to the possible suitability of HFC-236ea as a drop-in substitute for CFC-114. According to C. Aprea, et al (2002) found that the best results of the exergy analysis have been obtained using R22 followed by non-azeotropic substances. R22 performance was found to be consistently better than that of its candidate substitute, the

7 non-azeotropic mixture R407C. The difference stems from the different irreversibilities of the plant components arising when using R22 and R407C, respectively. Specific attention is devoted to compressor irreversibilities. Performance indices related to the semi-hermetic compressor are evaluated when using either refrigerant. It is widely accepted that alternative refrigerants must replace the CFCs with equal if not better performance and efficiency. This study will determine the non-CFC refrigerants performance in terms of 1st and 2nd law of thermodynamics depending on the refrigerant types. The useful properties of some HCFCs, HFCs and industrial organic refrigerants in the industry will be compiled in an accessible way and their performance in some systems simulated. A software that can determine the performance of the refrigerants and their potential replacement counterparts for a quick evaluation. The package will help industries associated with the use of refrigerants in general to have a better understanding of the system with the replacements. Local industries in particular will be encouraged in the transition to environmentally friendly refrigerant by using locally made software.

CHAPTER II

THEORY AND FORMULATION

2.0

Theory and formulation First law of thermodynamics stated that the energy associated with the matter

entering the system plus the net heat added to the system is equal to the sum of the energy associated with matter leaving the system, the net work done by the system and the change in energy of the system [15].

The second law of thermodynamics provides a method of determining whether a process can take place between one specified state to another. It also explains why some processes can spontaneously occur while others cannot. The second law does not lead to an equation, but an inequality [16]. Since the performance based on the first law makes no reference to the best possible performance, the second-law efficiency or coefficient of performance (COP) is more frequently used. The latter gives a realistic measure of the engineering devices in terms of the useful work potential of a system at a specified state: exergy. The conditions of the environment (dead state) and the properties of the system being studied determine the exergy of that system. The second law efficiency or COP is defined as the ratio of the exergy (also called availability elsewhere) recovered to the exergy supplied. A worst case would be when there is a complete destruction of exergy, and the best being no destruction at all.

2.1

Refrigeration cycle Figure 2.1 is a schematic of a 2T-refrigeration cycle, heat is received, QL , from a

reservoir at TL and rejected, QH , to a reservoir at TH . The temperatures of regions within the refrigerator where heat is received and rejected are noted as TB and T A , respectively, on the diagram. [15]; The COP is given by COPref =

QL Wnet

(2.1)

Appling the first law of thermodynamic to the cycle gives

∫ dQ + ∫ dW = 0

(2.2)

or QL − QH = Wnet

(2.3)

Therefore, the COP for a refrigerator is COPref =

QL QL = Wnet QH − QL

=

1 QH −1 QL

(2.4)

Where, Wnet is the net work produced.

2.2

Ideal vapor –compression refrigerant cycle

The Carnot heat engine cycle is a totally reversible cycle. Although ideal and nonexistent, the cycle, as a heat engine or refrigeration system, is used as a guide and comparison purposes to engineers. The latter is called the ideal vapor compression

refrigerant cycle and will be used to determine the performance of each refrigerant and its potential replacement counterparts in this study.

2a

T 2

3

4

1

s Figure 2.1: T-s diagram of an ideal vapor – compression refrigeration cycle.

The assumptions made are 1.

Constant pressure heat rejection in a condenser.

2.

Constant pressure heat absorption in an evaporator.

3.

Negligible changes in potential and kinetic energy

Referring to Fig. 2.2, for given values of TB , T A , and QL , the values of QH and W depend on the entropy generation σ refrig within the device.

TH QH TA

TB QL TL

Figure 2.2: Schematic of a refrigerator where T A ≥ TH and TL ≥ TB . [15]

When the heat transfers QH and QL are reversible, then TB = TL and T A = TH . For a reversible operation σ refrig = 0 and the device is the well-known Carnot refrigerator

for which; QL − QH = TL TH

and

2.4

COPrefrig ≡

(2.5) TL QL = COPCarnot = T H − TL W

(2.6)

Total Irreversibility

For total irreversibility itotal = ic + icond + ivalve + ievap ,

(2.7)

where i is the irreversibility. The compressor irreversibility, ic is given by  T ic = ψ 1 + wc − ψ 2 + ∑ q c 1 − o  Ti

  

(2.8)

Considering the compressor as an opened system, qc = 0

(2.9)

With the work input given by wc = h2 a − h1

(2.10)

qout

2

T 3

Expansion valve 4

2

Condenser win

Evaporator

3 Compressor 4

1

1

qin

s

Figure 2.3: Schematic of the equipment and a Ts diagram for a Vapor compression refrigeration cycle [15].

Flow availability ψ on a unit mass on molar is given by[15]; V2 ψ i = (hi − ho ) − To (si − s o ) + + gz 2

(2.11)

Neglecting kinetic and potential energy, equation (2.10) is substituted into (2.9) to give

ψ i = (hi − ho ) − To (si − s o )

(2.12)

Where ho = Enthalpy at the room temperature, To of atmospheric pressure so = Entropy at the room temperature, To of atmospheric pressure Equations (2.9) through (2.12) are substituted into (2.6) giving the compressor irreversibility, ic ic = [(h1 − ho ) − To (s1 − s o )] − [(h2 − ho ) − To (s 2 − s o )] + (h2 a − h1 )

(2.13)

Similarly, condenser irreversibility, icond, is given by  T icond = ψ 2 − ψ 3 + ∑ q cond 1 − o  T2 a

  

(2.14)

With the heat received from condenser qcond given by q cond = h3 − h2 a

(2.15)

Substitution of equations (2.12) into (2.14) into gives

 T icond = [(h2 a − ho ) − To (s 2 − s o )] − [(h3 − ho ) − To (s3 − s o )] + (h3 − h2 a )1 − o  T2 a

For throttling valve irreversibility, ivalve, it is given by

  

(2.16)

ivalve = ψ 3 − ψ 4

(2.17)

Using (2.12), the throttling valve irreversibility, ivalve becomes ivalve = [(h3 − ho ) − To (s 3 − s o )] − [(h4 − ho ) − To (s 4 − s o )]

(2.18)

And for the evaporator irreversibility, ievap ,  T ievap = ψ 4 − ψ 1 + ∑ q evap 1 − o  T4

  

(2.19)

Where heat received from condenser qevap is given by q evap = h4 − h1

(2.20)

Substitution of equations (2.12) into (2.19) gives  T ievap = [(h4 − ho ) − To (s 4 − s o )] − [(h1 − ho ) − To (s1 − s o )] + (h4 − h1 )1 − o  T4

  

(2.21)

For the equation of the total irreversibility, itotal, of a vapor compression refrigerant, equations (2.13), (2.15), (2.18), and (2.21) are substituted into equation (2.7). The total irreversibility then becomes itotal = [[(h1 − ho ) − To (s1 − s o )] − [(h2 a − ho ) − To (s 2 − s o )] + (h2 a − h1 )] + 

 + T2 a 

[(h2 a − ho ) − To (s 2 − so )] − [(h3 − ho ) − To (s3 − so )] + (h3 − h2 a )1 − To 

[(h3 − ho ) − To (s3 − so )] − [(h4 − ho ) − To (s 4 − so )] + 





T4 

[(h4 − ho ) − To (s 4 − so )] − [(h1 − ho ) − To (s1 − so )] + (h4 − h1 )1 − To 

(2.22)

Simplify the equation, we get  T itotal = Wc + QL 1 − O  TL

 T   + QH 1 − O  TH 

  

(2.23)

For the ambient temperature, To = TH,  T itotal = Wc + QL 1 − O  TL

2.5

  

(2.24)


The second law effectiveness of a refrigerator can also be defined as

η II =

− Φ Q ,evap wc

(2.25)

Where Φ Q ,evap = ∆ψ evap

(2.26)

with the exergy of the evaporator given by ∆ψ evap = ψ 1 − ψ 4

(2.27)

Φ Q ,evap = ψ 1 − ψ 4

(2.28)

giving

Substituting equation (2.10) and (2.27) into (2.25), ψ −ψ 4   η II = − 1  h2 a − h1 

(2.29)

And substituting equation (2.12) into (2.29) gives the second law efficiency  ((h1 − ho ) − To (s1 − s o )) − ((h4 − ho ) − To (s 4 − s o ))   h2 a − h1  

η II = −

(2.30)

2.6

Programming

2.6.1

Visual Basic 6.0

The program used to do the analysis is Visual Basic. Figure 2.6 shows the flow chart of the programming. Visual Basic is based on a programming language written for beginners called BASIC. With Microsoft Visual Basic, new programmers could become proficient right away. Other programming languages of the day, such as C, C++, COBOL and JAVA require more study than Visual Basic before one could use them effectively.

In Visual Basic 6.0, it has a high-performance native-code compiler, which creates applications and both client- and server-side components that are optimized for throughput by the world-class Visual C++ 6.0 optimized native-code compiler. Besides, Visual Basic 6.0 provides a complete set of tools for integrating databases with any application. Database features include design tools for creating and modifying SQL Server 6.5+, Oracle 7.3.3+ or above, and AS/400 databases.

Start

Select Refrigerant Display refrigerant properties Input temperature and pressure

Calculation and analysis

Thermodynamic properties of Refrigerants

Select result COP

Exergy analysis

Results

End

Figure 2.4: Programming flow chart

Basic has a very good data environment designer, which visually creates reusable set of command objects with drag-and-drop functionality. It has the functionality to bind to multiple data sources for data aggregation and manipulation. Using the new Data Environment designer, developers can quickly drag-and-drop custom data-bound controls to create forms or reports with the new Data Report designer. Creation of custom data hierarchies is as easy as filling out a dialog box and dragging the command to the form. Other than these, Visual Basic has several other key advantages also such as it is excellent for creating user friendly interfaces and enables rapid development for small business applications. For designing Internet applications developer can easily use predefined objects available with the Professional and Enterprise editions of Visual Basic and it is a popular business programming language.

CHAPTER III

ALTERNATIVE REFRIGERANT

3.0

Alternative Refrigerant A series of counteractive measures have been taken by the refrigeration

industries to address the problems associated with ozone depletion and the green house effects. The area of commercial refrigeration and air conditioning plants have been studied, in particular the role played by the hazardous refrigerants and their potential replacements [14].

3.1

Substitution of the alternative refrigerant Alternative refrigerants being considered as replacements to the CFC refrigerants

must have similar thermodynamic properties and behavior in terms of trends and patterns. They include: 1.

Discharge gas temperature and evaporation temperature

2.

Pressure at every temperature

21 3.2

Characteristics of working fluids for refrigeration applications There are numerous new fluids and mixtures that are considered to be

environmentally safe for substitutes. However, it is important to study thoroughly their properties that make the fluids suitable working fluids. Comparisons based on thermodynamic, thermo physical, environmental and safety related properties are among the pertinent studies required. This chapter discussed the refrigerants groups and certain characteristics that are relevant to their functions in the refrigeration industries.

3.2.1

Fully halogenated Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) These are various classes of refrigerants that possess high Ozone Depleting

Potential (ODP) and come under strict control of the Montreal Protocol and subsequent revisions. The refrigerants covered under this classification are R11, R12, R13, R112, R113, R114 and R115.

3.2.2

Partially halogenated Chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) Fully halogenated CFCs contain only halogen atoms including CI in addition to

carbon atoms. In partially halogenated compounds, only some hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms. The remaining hydrogen atoms facilitate partial breakdown of the compounds in the troposphere and are regarded to be less harmful to the stratospheric ozone layer. Partially halogenated CFCs are referred to as HCFCs. The letter H meant that the hydrogen atoms are still available in the molecule. HCFC was introduced mainly to distinguish them from the fully halogenated CFCs so that they can be classified separately. They cause less or negligible damage to the ozone layer. [17]

22 However, at the Copenhagen Meeting in 1992, this view has been revised and these HCFC's were then included in the list of controlled substances. The impact upon the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry has been great because the R22, which is widely used, would have to be phased out. For Germany, as R22 was already phased out for new plants by the end of 1996 (only four years after the Copenhagen meeting).

3.2.3

Halons

Halons are a class of fully halogenated hydrocarbons which contain Bromine beside Chlorine and Fluorine. Bromine has a higher ozone depleting capability than Chlorine, where halons in general have very high ODPs and GWPs. However, they are still widely used in fire extinguishers and to some extent as refrigerants. Halons suppress the fire chemically by removing the reactive species from the combustion zone whereas water and carbon dioxide extinguishes fire physically.

3.2.4

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) R23, R32, R125, R134a, R143a and R152a are hydrofluorocarbons.

Hydrocarbons contain fluorine but no chlorine or bromine in the molecule. The absence of chlorine and bromine made the hydrocarbons safe from the ozone depletion behavior. Unfortunately, the hydrofluorocarbons are chemically stable and can accumulate after release. The accumulation of hydrocarbons may cause a significant greenhouse effect.

3.2.5

Fluoroiodocarbons (FIC) Fluoroiodocarbons (FICs) are a recent group of chemicals with fluorine, iodine

and carbon. Some like Trifluoromethyl Iodide (CF31), perfluoroethyl iodide (C2F5'),

23 and perfluoropropyl Iodide (CF7l) are now being considered as potential replacements for CFCs and halons. They have zero ODP and negligible GWP due to their very short life periods. [17] FICs can also be used in blends, where a blend of CF31 and HFC 152a (51/49 mole percent) can be used in a refrigerator without oil change for more than 1,500 hours without any negative effects. The energy efficiency and capacity of the blends were measured to be equal to or slightly better than CFC 12. [17]

3.2.6

Hydrocarbons Non-halogenated organic compounds such as alkanes, ketones, alcohols and

ethers also have the possibility of being considered as replacement refrigerants. They are , however, highly flammable and thus are not being seriously considered except in certain industrial applications. They are used in pure or mixture forms as refrigerants in petrochemical plants and in gas liquefaction plants. In LNG plants, mixtures of methane to n-pentane are commonly used. Adequate care taken, the flammability of hydrocarbons does not pose a big problem. [17]

3.2.7 HFCs and HFC blends HFCs and HFC blends can be used as alternatives for both CFCs and HCFCs because they have zero ODPs. However, the use of HFCs and most HFC blends are more expensive in retrofit exercises because they require the use of synthetic lubricating oils instead of the more conventional mineral oils that CFCs and HCFCs use. It is still a practical proposition in many situations. Other than having no effect on the ozone layer, HFCs also have lower GWP than CFCs. The most favorable properties of HFCs would be its zero flammability and zero

24 toxicity which makes HFCs a popular alternative in both existing and new systems[17]. Figure 3.1 shows the application range of HFC refrigerant and blends.

Figure 3.1 Application range of HFCs and HFC blends [14]. 3.2.8 HCFCs and HCFC blends HCFCs and HCFC blends can also provide a practical alternative to CFCs. However, their usage can only be transitional as HCFCs since they are ozone depleting as well and will be phased out in the near future (1st January 2010 for use of virgin HCFCs for maintenance). Most HCFC blends are useful indirect expansion (DX) CFC systems and have been specially developed to provide a low cost retrofit. Figure 3.2 shows the application range of HCFCs and HCFC blends.[14]

25

Figure 3.2 Application range of HCFCs and HCFC blends [14]. 3.2.9

Ammonia and Hydrocarbons (HCs)

HCs, also known as "natural refrigerants" have excellent thermodynamic properties. However, they require specialized equipment specifically meant for a particular refrigerant. For example, ammonia can only be used in new equipment specifically designed for ammonia. Although they have excellent thermodynamic properties, they are generally highly toxic and slightly flammable. They can only be used in existing systems if great care is taken to address safety issues. Ammonia is already a very popular refrigerant in the industrial sector but it is restricted to systems in the remote area, which are far from public access. Materials incompatibility also makes ammonia generally unsuitable for small vapor compression systems [14].

26

Figure 3.3 Application range of halogen free refrigerant [14]. 21 3.2.10 Other Substitutes There are other substitutes that are being considered, or coming back after having been displaced by CFCs for half a century, among them are ammonia (R717), Water (R718), air (R729), and Carbon Dioxide (R744).

27 3.5 Perspective in refrigerant development

Alternative refrigerant

Transitional/service refrigerant

HCFC/HFC -Partly chlorinated-

Single substances

HFC -Chlorine free-

Halogen free

Single substances

Blends

Single substances

R134a R125 R32 R143a

R404A R507A R407R410A R417A

NH3 R290 R1270 R600a R170 R744

Figure 3.4 General survey of the alternative refrigerant [14]

Blends R290/R600a

Predominantly R22-Based

R22 R123 R124 R142b

Blends

Medium and long term refrigerant

28 Table 3.2: Refrigeration properties of CFC alternative [14]. Refrigerant Composition Substitute for Safety group(5) type HCFC Refrigerants R22 CHClF2 R502 (R12(1)) A1 R124 CHClFCF3 A1 (1) R114 ,R12B1 R142b CClF2CH3 A1 HFCFC/HFC Service-Blends (Transitional Alternatives) R401A R22/152a/124 A1/A1 R12 (R500) R4010B R22/152a/124 A1/A1 R409A R22/142b/124 A1/A1 R409B R22/142b/124 R500 A1/A1 R413A R134a/218/124 R12 (R500) A1/A2 R402A R22/125/290 A1/A1 R402B R22/125/290 A1/A1 R502 R403A R22/218/290 A1/A1 R408A R22/218/290 A1/A1 HFC chlorine free – Refrigerant (Long Term Alternative) R134a CF3CH2F R12(R22(1)) A1 R152a CHF2CH3 A2 Mainly used as R125 CF3CHF2 A1 part components for R143a CF3CH3 A2 blends A2 R32 CH2F2 R227ea CF3-CHF-CF3 R12B1,R114(1) A1 R236fa CF3-CH2-CF3 R114 A1 R23 CHF3 R13(R503) A1 HFC chlorine free – Blends (Long Term Alternative) R404A R143a/125/134a A1/A1 R507A R143A/125 A1 R502 R407A R32/125/134a A1/A1 R407B R32/125/134a A1/A1 R407C R32/125/134a R22 A1/A1 R410A R125/134a/600 A1/A1 R508A R23/116 A1/A1 R503 R508B R23/116 A1/A1 Halogen free refrigerants (Long Term Alternative) R717 NH3 R22(R502) B2 R600a(3) C4H10 R114, R12B1 A3 R290 C3H8 R22 (R502) A3 R1270 C3H6 R22 (R502) A3 R170 C2H6 R13, R503 A3 R744 C02 Diverse A1

Toxicity(6) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 50(25) 1000 1000 1000 1000 5000

29 3.3

Blends and mixtures

Another alternative to the problem of limited number of working fluids with suitable properties may also be solved by using refrigerant mixtures. A mixture of refrigerants allows adjustment or tuning to the most desirable properties of a mixture by varying the molar fraction of the components. There are three categories of mixtures, which can be used as working fluids. They are: •

Azeotropes

•

Near-azeotropes

•

Zeotropes.

3.3.1

Azeotropes Azeotropes (no change in boiling) are usually binary mixtures that have long been

used in the refrigeration industry. During phase change, the concentration of each constituent in liquid and vapor phases is the same as in a single phase. This means that azeotropes behave like a single component fluid during its phase change at a given concentration. At constant Pressure (which is connected to a maximum in pressure at constant temperature), most commonly used azeotropes exhibit a minimum bubble point. R500, R502 and R503 have been in use in many commercial applications where R500 is the azeotrope of R12 and R I 52a. R500 has the same capacity when used with a 50 Hz current as R12 with a 60 Hz current. The refrigeration capacity of R500 is approximately 20% greater than. The applications of R500 may have resulted from the industry's need for filling the capacity midway between R12 and R22. [20] R503 has a boiling point of 85 degree Celsius and it is the azeotrope of R23 and R13. It provides a non-flammable alternative and is approximately 6oC below the boiling

30 points of the two components, and with the same boiling point as ethane. Because of that, R503 is suitable in low temperature refrigeration systems. [20] R502 is the azeotrope of R22 and R115 and is used as a refrigerant for freezers such as supermarket frozen food display cases. It has a significantly lower compressor discharge temperatures than R22 and R12. [20].

3.3.2

Near-azeotropes Near-azeotropes are mixtures with close normal boiling points. They have small

differences in liquid to vapor compositions in equilibrium conditions. Near-azeotropes have a great potential for development and as drop-in alternatives to CFCs. The discovery of near-azeotropes extends and widens the range of refrigerant alternatives beyond single compounds and azeotropes. However, the use of nearazeotropes is also restricted to equipments that are originally designed for single component refrigerants. A near-azeotrope modification of R502 was developed as a means to improve the oil solubility. The heat transfer coefficient was found to increase when propane (amount limited to 6.8% to maintain a non-flammable composition) was added to R502 to increase solubility in naphthenic: oil [20].

3.3.3

Zeotropes Zeotropes are known as Non-azeotropicrefrigerant blends (NARBs), or simply

non-azeotropes or blends. The substances exhibit significant changes in temperatures and compositions of individual phases during evaporation and condensation. Zeotropes can potentially improve the energy efficiency and capacity, and being seriously considered as

31 alternative refrigerants. Again, the drawback of zeotropes is that it can only be used in new systems designs because they require hardware design changes.

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.0

Comparison of different working fluids In this chapter, comparison between different working fluids listed is made based

on thermodynamic and thermophysical properties, and also on the vapor compression cycle. The comparison is made for a different pressure leaving the compressor. Every refrigerant selected followed the first law, while the potential for producing useful work was reduced (second law). A relationship between the irreversibility, COP and the second law efficiency can be seen from the graphs obtained. Meanwhile the compression ratio with a constant condensing pressure is not proportional to the COP and the second law efficiency but proportional to the irreversibility. The results were obtained by assuming that the isentropic efficiency is 70% with varying exit pressure and inlet pressure held constant. The percentage was chosen because the entropy efficiency for practical devices is usually in the range of 65% to 80%. The information is computed from technical information of DuPont Fluorochemicals (refer appendix A). Table 4.1 shows the banned refrigerants and the substitutes that have been compared.

33 Table 4.1 shows the banned refrigerant and the substitutes that been compared. Banned refrigerants R12

4.1

Group

Alternative refrigerant

CFC

R22

HCFC

R502

CFC

Group

R134a

HFC

R401a R407c

HFCFC/HFC (blends) HFC (blends)

R402a

HFCFC/HFC (blends)

R402b

HFCFC/HFC (blends)

Coefficient of Performance (COP) R12, R22 and R502 are HCFC and HFC banned refrigerants and other new

refrigerants have substituted them.

The substitutes normally have similar

thermodynamic properties. Substitutes for R12 are R134a, R401a and many more. The analyses were completed for a condensing pressure of 200 kPa and the evaporating pressure of 700 kPa to 1300 kPa. R12 refrigerant, which is also called Difluorodichloromethane, is related to the CFC group. It is characterized by a high ODP (ODP = 1) and big GWP (GWP = 8500). It is a clear gas with a specific smell, and 4.18 times as heavy as the air. Studies have shown that R134a has a higher COP over R12 and R401a [17]. The COP of R134a shows a 12% increase over that of R12 while COP of R401a is not much different from the latter (Figure 4.1). The performance of the substitute R401a is only slightly higher after the condensing pressure goes beyond 1000 kPa. As for how one could improve the R401a refrigeration cycle, changing the lowest temperature from –40 degrees Celsius to –30 degrees Celsius would indeed help. This would make the heat taken out of the low temperature region larger and the work by the compressors smaller. Thus we have a higher COP, which means a more efficient system, and smaller workload for the compressors.

34

COP vs Condensing pressure (evaporating pressure = 200 kPa) 4.5 4

R12

COP

3.5

R401a R134a

3 2.5 2 700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

Condensing pressure (kPa)

Figure 4.1: COP vs. condensing pressure for R12, R401a and R134a. For HCFC, performance of R22 is compared with one of the substitutes, R407c (HFC chlorine free). In this analysis the pressure that enters the compressor is held at 400 kPa and the exit pressure is between 1200 kPa to 1800 kPa. The results show that R22 has a higher value of COP. The curves show that at the condensing pressure of 1200 kPa the COP of R22 and R407c is 4.23 and 3.85 respectively (Figure 4.2). The COP for the substitute never went above 0.39.

COP vs condensing Pressures at pressure entering the compressor is 400 kPa 4.5

COP

4 3.5

R22 R407c

3 2.5 2 1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

Pressure leaving the compressor (kPa)

Figure 4.2: COP vs. condensing pressure for R22 and R407c.

35 R502 has been substituted by R402a and R402b. R502 refrigerant is an Azeotrope blend of R22 and R115 refrigerants. R22 mass proportion constitutes 48.8%, and R115, 51.2%. R502 is related to the CFC group, has the following ecological characteristics: ODP = 0.33; GWP = 4300 [17]. The results show that the COP of R402a and R402b is similar. Figure 4.3 is a plot of COP against pressure leaving the compressor where the pressure entering the compressor is held constant at 500 kPa. R402a has a highest COP at the condensing pressure of 1200 kPa.

COP vs Condensing pressure (evaporating pressure = 500 kpa) 6 5.5 R402a

5 COP

R402b 4.5

R502

4 3.5 3 2.5 1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

Condensing Pressure (Kpa)

Figure 4.3: COP vs. condensing pressures for R402a, R402b and R502.

4.1.1

Compression Ratio (Constant Pressure Entering the Compressor) Compression ratio is a ratio of the pressure leaving the compressor to the

pressure entering the compressor. For R12, R22 and R502 and the substitutes, they have been analyzed by different compression ratio with the pressure entering the compressor held constant. The COP of every refrigerant is not proportional to the compression ratio. The plot will show the curve is similar to the Figure 4.1 through 4.3.

36 4.2

Second law efficiency The second law efficiency includes the exergy change associated with enthalpy

at the evaporator and the compressor work [15]. The analysis was done by assuming the room temperature (To) to be 25ºC and the atmospheric pressure (Po) 101.325 kPa. The second law efficiency decreases due to the increasing condensing pressure with the constant evaporating pressure. Figure 4.4 shows the plot of second law efficiency against pressure for R12 and the substitutes. The results show that R401a has a better efficiency than R12 and R134a. This is because the enthalpy and the entropy at the atmospheric pressure, Po influenced the changing of the exergy of enthalpy. In this analysis, kinetic energy and potential energy changes have been neglected. R401a has a lowest value of the enthalpy and entropy at the atmospheric pressure.


Second law efficiency (Evaporating Pressure = 400 kPa) 0.65 0.6 0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25

R12 R401a R134a

700

800

900 1000 1100 1200 1300

Condensing Pressure (kPa)

Figure 4.4: Plot of second law efficiency vs pressure for R12 and the substitutes. Figure 4.5 shows the plot of second law efficiency vs pressure for R22 and R407c. The results show that the R22a has a higher efficiency compared to R407c. The properties show that R407c have a higher value of enthalpy and entropy at 25oC and the atmospheric pressure. Since R407c has a higher compressor work compared to R22, the superheated condition of R407c results in a higher enthalpy.

37

Second law efficiency (evaporating pressure = 400 kpa)

Second law efficeincy

0.55 0.5 0.45 R22

0.4

R407c

0.35 0.3 1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

Condensing pressure kPa

Figure 4.5: Plot of second law efficiency vs pressure for R22 and R407c. R502 shows lower second law efficiency than R402a and R402b (Figure 4.6). At the condensing pressure of 1200 kPa, the second law efficiency of R402a reaches 69% which is within the efficiency of practical devices.

Second law efficiency (evaporating pressure = 500kpa)

second law effieicncy

0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50

R402a

0.40

R402b R502

0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

Condensing Pressure (kpa)

Figure 4.6: Plot of second law efficiency vs pressure for R502 and the substitutes.

38 4.3

Total irreversibility If the process considered is reversible, the work is the maximal possible between

two thermodynamic states. Calculating W by the variation of exergy gives a more realistic result than calculating it by the energy balance. Since real processes are irreversible, exergy balances are more useful and an improvement to the conventional energy method. Figure 4.7 shows the total irreversibility of R12 and the substitutes. R401a shows a large total irreversibility compared to R12 and R134a. In this case, the compressor is a big contributor to the total irreversibility. That is why R401a can perform better in the aspect of second law efficiency even with a large value of total irreversibility. R12 have a lower value of total losses and cannot perform as well as R134a and R401a in terms of COP and second law efficiency because the exergy value at the evaporator is the lowest and the high compressor work.

Total Irreversibility (kj/kg) vs condending pressure (kPa) 90.00

Irreversiblility

80.00 70.00 R12

60.00

R401a 50.00

R134a

40.00 30.00 20.00 700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

Condensing pressure

Figure 4.7: Total irreversibility of R12, R401a and R134a The total irreversibility of R22 and R407c is almost the same, a good indication when considering substitutes.

39

Total Irreversibility (kj/kg) vs condending pressure (kPa) 75 70

Irresibility

65 60

R22

55

R407c

50 45 40 1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

Condensing Pressure (kPa)

Figure 4.8: Total irreversibility of R22 and R407c. Figure 4.9 shows the results of comparison of R502, R402a and R402b. R402b has the highest total irreversibility. At the condensing pressure of 1800 kPa (338.75 Kelvin) the total losses of R402b is reaching 45.92 kJ per kg. R402a has the lowest losses at the condensing pressure between 1200 kPa and 1400 kPa.

Irribersibility

Total Irreversibility (kj/kg) vs condending pressure (kPa) 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

R402a R402b R502

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

condensing Pressure (kpa)

Figure 4.9: Total irreversibility of R502, R402a and R402b.

40 4.4

Relationship or Pressure and Temperature Relationship between pressure and temperature is one of the characteristics that

must be taken into consideration for substitute refrigerants. A plot of the saturated vapor pressure against temperature for R134a, R12 and R401a is shown in Figure 4.10. It is clearly seen that R134a, R12 and R401a have nearly the same vapor pressure. At the temperature 20 to 80ºC, R12 has the lowest vapor pressure relative to R134a and R401a mixture. R401a refrigerant is a zeotrope average pressure blend. The difference in the vapor pressure among the refrigerants is less than 250 kPa.

P Vs T of R12, R134a, R401A

2460

1960

R401A

kPa

1460

R134a R12

960

460

-40

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

Degree celsius

Figure 4.10: Pressures against temperature for the R134a, R12 and R401a

R407C refrigerant is a zeotrope blend of R32/R125/R134a (mass proportions of the components, correspondingly, 23/25/52%). Initially, the refrigerant of the following composition had been created: 30/10/60 %. [19] before the latter composition of R407c was conceived. R407C refrigerant according to its energy effectiveness is close to R22 and is considered as optimal alternative to R22. Figure 4.11 shows the plot of Pressure

41 against temperature for R22 and R407c. The graphs for R22 and R402, each for saturated liquid and saturated vapor, show almost the same shape. 4000 3500

R22

Pressure (kPa)

3000 2500

R407c Saturated liquid

2000 1500

R407c Saturated vapor

1000 500 0 -100

-75

-50

-25

0

25

50

75

100

Tem perature (Degree Celsius)

Figure 4.11: Pressures against temperature for the R22 and R407c The theoretical comparisons of the performance of the new and old working fluids in refrigerated systems can help in the planning and implementation of new and retrofit systems. Beside the environmental friendly characteristics, for a real world application, the type of compressor and the lubricant of the system must also be considered.

4.5

Discharge Temperature

Discharge temperature is the exit temperature after compression. The condition at this point must be superheated. A lower discharge temperature produced less strain on the compressor and hence a longer compressor life [17]. In addition, the oil is less likely to break down. Figure 4.12 shows the comparison of the plot of R12 and the substitutes. The results show that R401a has a highest discharge temperature and R134a shows the lowest. The increase in discharge temperature is proportional to the increasing condensing pressure.

42

Discharge Temperature (degree celsius)

Discharge temperature vs condensing Pressure

90 80

R12

70

R401a

60

R134a

50 40 700

800

900 1000 1100 1200 1300

Condensing pressure (kPa)

Figure 4.12: Discharge temperature for R12 and the substitutes. R22 has a significantly higher discharge temperature than R407c blends as shown in Figure 4.13. The increasing discharge temperature is proportional to the increase in condensing pressure. At the condensing pressure of 1200 kPa, the discharge temperature of R22 and R407c is 62.44ºC and 56.37ºC respectively. The difference is only 6ºC at first but exceeds to 10ºC at 1800 kPa.

Discharge Temperature vs condensing pressure

Discharge temperature (Degree Celsius)

90 85 80 75

R22

70

R407c

65 60 55 50 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 Dischare pressure (kPa)

. Figure 4.13: Discharge temperature for R22 and R407c.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

A software package has been produced that can simulate the performance of refrigerants. COP, second law efficiency, total irreversibility, and discharge temperature could be performed on refrigerants and their potential replacement counterparts. Simulation on the performance of refrigerants R12 (CFC), R502 (CFC), and R22 (HFC) were completed and compared with the more environmentally friendly refrigerants, R134a (HFC), R401a (HFCFC/HFC blends), R402a and R402b (both HFCFC/HFC), and R407c (HFCFC/HFC). R134a was found to be a potentially good replacement for R12 while R402a for R502. As for the replacement of R22, the only potential replacement, R407c was found to behave similarly to R22. The package could be used by industrialists who are considering replacing their refrigerants with more environmentally friendly ones. Future improvements to the package with additional data on refrigerants may encourage more industries to consider new or retrofit systems that do not deplete the ozone layer or/and alleviate the green house effects.

44 Bibliography 1. Wang, J.F., Gao, G.C. and Chen, G.M. (2000). “An Improved Absorption Refrigeration Cycle Driven By Unsteady Thermal Below 100oC.” International Journal of Energy Research. 24.633-640 2. Dan, P.D. and Murthy,S.S. (1989). “A Comparative Thermodynamic Study Of Fluorocarbon Refrigerant Based Vapour Absorption Heat Pumps.” International Journal of Energy Research.13.1-12. 3. Meunier, F., Poyelle, F. and LeVan, M.D. (1996). “Second Law Analysis Of Adsorptive Refrigeration Cycle: The Role Of Thermal Coupling Entropy Production.” Applied Thermal Engineering.17.43-55. 4. Sami, S.M. and Desjardins, D.E. (1999). “Boiling Characteristics Of Alternatives To R-502 Inside Air/Refrigerant Enhanced Surface Tubing.” International Journal of Energy Research.24.27-37. 5. Sami, S.M. and Desjardins, D.E. (1999). “Performance Comparative Study Of New Alternatives To R-502 Inside Air/Refrigerant Enhanced Surface Tubing.” International Journal of Energy Research.24.177-186. 6. Weng, W.L. and Huang, B.C. (1995). “Thermodynamic Performance Of NonCFC Working Fluids In Heat Pump Cycles.” Applied Thermal Engineering.16.571-578. 7. Sami, S.M. and Tulej, P.J. (1995). “Performance Of Residential Refrigerators With Ternary Blends.” International Journal of Energy Research.19.631-637.

45 8. Riffat, S.B., Afonso, C.F., Oliveira, A.C. and Reay, D.A. (1996). “Natural Refrigerants For Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning Systems.” Applied Thermal Engineering.17.32-42 9. Aprea, C., Rossi, F.de, Greco, A. and Renno, C. (2003). “Refrigeration Plant Exergetic Analysis Varying The Compressor Capacity.” International Journal of Energy Research.27.653-669. 10. Sami, S.M. and Aucoin, S. (2003). “Effect Of Magnetic Field On The Performance Of New Refrigerant Mixture.” International Journal of Energy Research.27.203-214. 11. Sami, S.M. and Aucoin, S. (2003). “Study Of Liquid Injection Impact On The Performance of New Refrigerant Mixtures.” International Journal of Energy Research.27.121-130. 12. Hewit, N.J. and McMullan, J.T. (1997). “The Replacement Of CFCs in Refrigeration Equipment By Environmentally Benign Alternatives.” International Journal of Energy Research.17.955-972. 13. Sagia, A.S. (1997). “Thermodynamic Property Formulations And Heat Transfer Aspects For Replacement Refrigerants: R-123 And R-134a.” International Journal of Energy Research.21.871-884.

14. Bitzer International (2000). “Refrigerant Report.” Sindelfingen(Germany):Report. 15. Wark, K.J. (1995). “Advanced Thermodynamics For Engineers.” 1st Ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill International. 16. Bejan A. (1984). “Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics.” 1st Ed. New York: A.Wiley-InterScience Publication.

46 17. Oellrich L.R., Murthy S.S, Balakrishnan A.R (1994). “Alternative To CFCS For Refrigerant Applications.” 1st Ed. Scientific Research And Technological development. 25 18. Cengel Y. A and Boles M.A (1994). “ Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach.” 3th Ed. WCB/ McGraw-Hill International. 19. Pauziah Bt Mohd (2002). “An Exergetic Of A Home Air Conditioning System.” Master dissertation. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 20. Didion, D.A. and Bivens, D.B. “Role of refrigerant mixtures as alternatives to CFCs.” International J Refrigerant.13. 163-175. 21. http://www.allchemi.com/eng/refregerants/appendix16.html 22. York International HAVC&R Engineering Update:2000

APPENDIX A (Thermodynamic Properties Of Refrigerants)

Technical Information

l

T-12 SI

DuPont Fluorochemicals

Thermodynamic Properties of

®

Freon 12 (R-12) Technical Information Technical Information

Thermodynamic Properties of Freon® 12 Refrigerant (R-12) SI Units Tables of the thermodynamic properties of R-12 have been developed and are presented here. This information is based on values calculated using the NIST REFPROP Database (McLinden, M.O., Klein, S.A., Lemmon, E.W., and Peskin, A.P., NIST Standard Reference Database 23, NIST thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures – REFPROP version 6.01, Standard Reference Data Program, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998).

Units P = Pressure in kPa. Absolute T = Temperature in Celcius Vf = Fluid (liquid) specific volume in cubic meters per kilogram Vg = Vapour (gas) specific volume in cubic meters per kilogram df and dg = Fluid and Vapour (respectively) densities in kilograms per cubic meter H = Enthalpy (kJ/kg) S = Entropy (kJ/kg.K)

Physical Properties Chemical Formula

CCl2 F2

Molecular mass

120.91

Boiling Point At one atmosphere

-29.75°C

Critical Temperature

111.97°C

Critical Pressure

4136 kPa

Critical Density

565.0 kg/m3

Critical Volume

0.0018 m 3 /kg

l TABLE 1 ®

Freon 12 Saturation Properties - Temperature Table Temp °C

-100 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -80 -79 -78 -77 -76 -75 -74 -73 -72 -71 -70 -69 -68 -67 -66 -65 -64 -63 -62 -61 -60 -59 -58 -57 -56 -55 -54 -53 -52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47

Pressure [kPa]

1.2 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.6 5.0 5.3 5.8 6.2 6.7 7.1 7.7 8.2 8.8 9.4 10.1 10.8 11.5 12.3 13.1 14.0 14.9 15.8 16.8 17.9 19.0 20.1 21.3 22.6 24.0 25.4 26.8 28.4 30.0 31.6 33.4 35.2 37.1 39.1 41.2 43.4 45.6

Volume 3 [m /kg] Liquid Vapour vf vg

Density 3 [kg/m ] Liquid Vapour df dg

0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

1679.0 1677.0 1674.0 1671.0 1669.0 1666.0 1663.0 1661.0 1658.0 1655.0 1653.0 1650.0 1648.0 1645.0 1642.0 1640.0 1637.0 1634.0 1632.0 1629.0 1626.0 1624.0 1621.0 1618.0 1616.0 1613.0 1610.0 1608.0 1605.0 1602.0 1600.0 1597.0 1594.0 1591.0 1589.0 1586.0 1583.0 1581.0 1578.0 1575.0 1572.0 1570.0 1567.0 1564.0 1561.0 1559.0 1556.0 1553.0 1550.0 1548.0 1545.0 1542.0 1539.0 1536.0

10.0000 9.1670 8.4100 7.7250 7.1040 6.5400 6.0270 5.5610 5.1360 4.7480 4.3950 4.0720 3.7760 3.5050 3.2570 3.0290 2.8190 2.6270 2.4490 2.2860 2.1360 1.9970 1.8680 1.7490 1.6390 1.5380 1.4430 1.3560 1.2740 1.1990 1.1290 1.0630 1.0020 0.9455 0.8925 0.8430 0.7968 0.7536 0.7132 0.6754 0.6399 0.6067 0.5755 0.5463 0.5188 0.4930 0.4687 0.4458 0.4243 0.4040 0.3849 0.3669 0.3499 0.3339

0.100 0.109 0.119 0.129 0.141 0.153 0.166 0.180 0.195 0.211 0.228 0.246 0.265 0.285 0.307 0.330 0.355 0.381 0.408 0.437 0.468 0.501 0.535 0.572 0.610 0.650 0.693 0.738 0.785 0.834 0.886 0.941 0.998 1.058 1.120 1.186 1.255 1.327 1.402 1.481 1.563 1.648 1.738 1.831 1.928 2.029 2.134 2.243 2.357 2.475 2.598 2.725 2.858 2.995

Liquid Hf

Enthalpy [kJ/kg] Latent Hfg

Vapour Hg

113.3 114.1 115.0 115.8 116.6 117.4 118.2 119.1 119.9 120.7 121.5 122.4 123.2 124.0 124.8 125.7 126.5 127.3 128.1 129.0 129.8 130.6 131.5 132.3 133.1 134.0 134.8 135.6 136.5 137.3 138.2 139.0 139.8 140.7 141.5 142.4 143.2 144.1 144.9 145.8 146.6 147.5 148.3 149.2 150.0 150.9 151.7 152.6 153.5 154.3 155.2 156.0 156.9 157.8

192.8 192.4 192.0 191.6 191.3 190.9 190.6 190.1 189.8 189.4 189.1 188.6 188.3 188.0 187.6 187.2 186.8 186.5 186.2 185.7 185.4 185.1 184.6 184.3 184.0 183.5 183.2 182.9 182.4 182.1 181.7 181.3 181.0 180.6 180.3 179.8 179.5 179.1 178.8 178.3 178.0 177.6 177.3 176.8 176.5 176.1 175.8 175.4 174.9 174.6 174.2 173.9 173.4 173.0

306.1 306.5 307.0 307.4 307.9 308.3 308.8 309.2 309.7 310.1 310.6 311.0 311.5 312.0 312.4 312.9 313.3 313.8 314.3 314.7 315.2 315.7 316.1 316.6 317.1 317.5 318.0 318.5 318.9 319.4 319.9 320.3 320.8 321.3 321.8 322.2 322.7 323.2 323.7 324.1 324.6 325.1 325.6 326.0 326.5 327.0 327.5 328.0 328.4 328.9 329.4 329.9 330.3 330.8

Entropy [kJ/K-kg] Liquid Vapour Sf Sg 0.6077 0.6124 0.6171 0.6218 0.6264 0.6310 0.6356 0.6402 0.6448 0.6493 0.6538 0.6583 0.6628 0.6672 0.6716 0.6761 0.6804 0.6848 0.6892 0.6935 0.6978 0.7021 0.7064 0.7106 0.7149 0.7191 0.7233 0.7275 0.7317 0.7358 0.7400 0.7441 0.7482 0.7523 0.7564 0.7604 0.7645 0.7685 0.7726 0.7766 0.7806 0.7845 0.7885 0.7924 0.7964 0.8003 0.8042 0.8081 0.8120 0.8159 0.8197 0.8236 0.8274 0.8313

1.7210 1.7170 1.7130 1.7100 1.7060 1.7030 1.6990 1.6960 1.6920 1.6890 1.6860 1.6830 1.6800 1.6770 1.6740 1.6710 1.6680 1.6660 1.6630 1.6600 1.6580 1.6550 1.6530 1.6500 1.6480 1.6450 1.6430 1.6410 1.6390 1.6370 1.6340 1.6320 1.6300 1.6280 1.6260 1.6250 1.6230 1.6210 1.6190 1.6170 1.6160 1.6140 1.6120 1.6110 1.6090 1.6080 1.6060 1.6050 1.6030 1.6020 1.6000 1.5990 1.5980 1.5960

Temp °C

-100 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -80 -79 -78 -77 -76 -75 -74 -73 -72 -71 -70 -69 -68 -67 -66 -65 -64 -63 -62 -61 -60 -59 -58 -57 -56 -55 -54 -53 -52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47

l TABLE 1 (continued) Freon®12 Saturation Properties - Temperature Table Temp °C

-46 -45 -44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39 -38 -37 -36 -35 -34 -33 -32 -31 -30 -29 -28 -27 -26 -25 -24 -23 -22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Pressure [kPa]

47.9 50.4 52.9 55.6 58.3 61.1 64.1 67.2 70.3 73.6 77.1 80.6 84.3 88.1 92.0 96.1 100.3 104.6 109.1 113.7 118.5 123.5 128.6 133.9 139.3 144.9 150.7 156.7 162.8 169.1 175.6 182.3 189.2 196.3 203.6 211.1 218.8 226.7 234.8 243.2 251.8 260.6 269.6 278.9 288.4 298.1 308.1 318.4 328.9 339.7 350.7 362.0 373.6 385.4



0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

1534.0 1531.0 1528.0 1525.0 1522.0 1519.0 1517.0 1514.0 1511.0 1508.0 1505.0 1502.0 1499.0 1496.0 1494.0 1491.0 1488.0 1485.0 1482.0 1479.0 1476.0 1473.0 1470.0 1467.0 1464.0 1461.0 1458.0 1455.0 1452.0 1449.0 1446.0 1443.0 1440.0 1437.0 1434.0 1431.0 1428.0 1425.0 1421.0 1418.0 1415.0 1412.0 1409.0 1406.0 1402.0 1399.0 1396.0 1393.0 1390.0 1386.0 1383.0 1380.0 1377.0 1373.0

0.3187 0.3044 0.2908 0.2780 0.2658 0.2543 0.2434 0.2331 0.2233 0.2140 0.2051 0.1967 0.1888 0.1812 0.1740 0.1671 0.1606 0.1543 0.1484 0.1428 0.1374 0.1322 0.1273 0.1226 0.1181 0.1139 0.1098 0.1059 0.1021 0.0986 0.0951 0.0918 0.0887 0.0857 0.0828 0.0800 0.0774 0.0748 0.0724 0.0700 0.0678 0.0656 0.0635 0.0615 0.0596 0.0577 0.0560 0.0542 0.0526 0.0510 0.0495 0.0480 0.0466 0.0452

3.138 3.286 3.439 3.598 3.762 3.932 4.108 4.290 4.479 4.674 4.875 5.083 5.298 5.519 5.748 5.984 6.228 6.479 6.738 7.005 7.280 7.563 7.855 8.155 8.464 8.782 9.109 9.446 9.792 10.150 10.510 10.890 11.270 11.670 12.080 12.500 12.920 13.370 13.820 14.280 14.760 15.240 15.740 16.260 16.780 17.320 17.870 18.440 19.020 19.610 20.220 20.840 21.480 22.130

Liquid Hf


Vapour Hg

158.6 159.5 160.4 161.2 162.1 163.0 163.9 164.7 165.6 166.5 167.4 168.2 169.1 170.0 170.9 171.8 172.7 173.6 174.4 175.3 176.2 177.1 178.0 178.9 179.8 180.7 181.6 182.5 183.4 184.3 185.2 186.1 187.1 188.0 188.9 189.8 190.7 191.6 192.6 193.5 194.4 195.3 196.3 197.2 198.1 199.1 200.0 200.9 201.9 202.8 203.8 204.7 205.7 206.6

172.7 172.3 171.9 171.5 171.1 170.7 170.3 170.0 169.5 169.1 168.7 168.4 167.9 167.5 167.1 166.7 166.2 165.8 165.5 165.1 164.6 164.2 163.8 163.3 162.9 162.5 162.1 161.6 161.2 160.8 160.3 159.9 159.3 158.9 158.5 158.0 157.6 157.1 156.6 156.2 155.7 155.3 154.7 154.3 153.8 153.3 152.8 152.4 151.8 151.3 150.8 150.3 149.7 149.3

331.3 331.8 332.3 332.7 333.2 333.7 334.2 334.7 335.1 335.6 336.1 336.6 337.0 337.5 338.0 338.5 338.9 339.4 339.9 340.4 340.8 341.3 341.8 342.2 342.7 343.2 343.7 344.1 344.6 345.1 345.5 346.0 346.4 346.9 347.4 347.8 348.3 348.7 349.2 349.7 350.1 350.6 351.0 351.5 351.9 352.4 352.8 353.3 353.7 354.1 354.6 355.0 355.4 355.9


1.5950 1.5940 1.5930 1.5920 1.5900 1.5890 1.5880 1.5870 1.5860 1.5850 1.5840 1.5830 1.5820 1.5810 1.5800 1.5790 1.5780 1.5780 1.5770 1.5760 1.5750 1.5740 1.5740 1.5730 1.5720 1.5710 1.5710 1.5700 1.5690 1.5690 1.5680 1.5670 1.5670 1.5660 1.5660 1.5650 1.5640 1.5640 1.5630 1.5630 1.5620 1.5620 1.5610 1.5610 1.5600 1.5600 1.5590 1.5590 1.5590 1.5580 1.5580 1.5570 1.5570 1.5570

Temp °C

-46 -45 -44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39 -38 -37 -36 -35 -34 -33 -32 -31 -30 -29 -28 -27 -26 -25 -24 -23 -22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7


8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

Pressure [kPa]

397.6 410.0 422.7 435.7 448.9 462.5 476.4 490.6 505.1 520.0 535.1 550.6 566.4 582.6 599.0 615.9 633.0 650.6 668.5 686.7 705.3 724.3 743.7 763.4 783.5 804.0 824.9 846.2 867.9 890.0 912.5 935.5 958.8 982.6 1007.0 1031.0 1057.0 1082.0 1108.0 1135.0 1161.0 1189.0 1217.0 1245.0 1274.0 1303.0 1333.0 1363.0 1394.0 1425.0 1457.0 1489.0 1522.0 1555.0



0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

1370.0 1367.0 1363.0 1360.0 1356.0 1353.0 1350.0 1346.0 1343.0 1339.0 1336.0 1332.0 1329.0 1325.0 1322.0 1318.0 1315.0 1311.0 1307.0 1304.0 1300.0 1296.0 1293.0 1289.0 1285.0 1281.0 1278.0 1274.0 1270.0 1266.0 1262.0 1258.0 1254.0 1250.0 1246.0 1242.0 1238.0 1234.0 1230.0 1226.0 1222.0 1217.0 1213.0 1209.0 1204.0 1200.0 1196.0 1191.0 1187.0 1182.0 1177.0 1173.0 1168.0 1163.0

0.0439 0.0426 0.0414 0.0402 0.0390 0.0379 0.0368 0.0358 0.0348 0.0338 0.0329 0.0320 0.0311 0.0303 0.0295 0.0287 0.0279 0.0272 0.0264 0.0257 0.0251 0.0244 0.0238 0.0232 0.0226 0.0220 0.0214 0.0209 0.0203 0.0198 0.0193 0.0189 0.0184 0.0179 0.0175 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0151 0.0147 0.0143 0.0140 0.0137 0.0133 0.0130 0.0127 0.0124 0.0121 0.0118 0.0115 0.0112 0.0110

22.800 23.480 24.180 24.900 25.630 26.380 27.150 27.930 28.740 29.560 30.400 31.260 32.130 33.030 33.950 34.890 35.850 36.830 37.830 38.850 39.900 40.970 42.070 43.180 44.330 45.490 46.690 47.910 49.150 50.430 51.730 53.060 54.420 55.800 57.220 58.670 60.160 61.670 63.220 64.810 66.420 68.080 69.770 71.500 73.270 75.080 76.930 78.820 80.760 82.740 84.770 86.840 88.970 91.140

Liquid Hf


Vapour Hg

207.6 208.5 209.5 210.4 211.4 212.3 213.3 214.3 215.2 216.2 217.2 218.2 219.1 220.1 221.1 222.1 223.1 224.1 225.1 226.0 227.0 228.0 229.0 230.0 231.1 232.1 233.1 234.1 235.1 236.1 237.2 238.2 239.2 240.3 241.3 242.3 243.4 244.4 245.5 246.5 247.6 248.6 249.7 250.8 251.9 252.9 254.0 255.1 256.2 257.3 258.4 259.5 260.6 261.7

148.7 148.2 147.7 147.2 146.6 146.2 145.6 145.0 144.5 143.9 143.3 142.8 142.3 141.7 141.1 140.5 139.9 139.3 138.7 138.2 137.5 136.9 136.3 135.7 135.0 134.3 133.7 133.1 132.4 131.8 131.1 130.4 129.8 129.0 128.4 127.7 126.9 126.3 125.5 124.8 124.0 123.3 122.5 121.7 120.9 120.2 119.4 118.6 117.8 117.0 116.1 115.3 114.4 113.6

356.3 356.7 357.2 357.6 358.0 358.5 358.9 359.3 359.7 360.1 360.5 361.0 361.4 361.8 362.2 362.6 363.0 363.4 363.8 364.2 364.5 364.9 365.3 365.7 366.1 366.4 366.8 367.2 367.5 367.9 368.3 368.6 369.0 369.3 369.7 370.0 370.3 370.7 371.0 371.3 371.6 371.9 372.2 372.5 372.8 373.1 373.4 373.7 374.0 374.3 374.5 374.8 375.0 375.3


1.5560 1.5560 1.5550 1.5550 1.5550 1.5540 1.5540 1.5540 1.5530 1.5530 1.5530 1.5520 1.5520 1.5520 1.5510 1.5510 1.5510 1.5510 1.5500 1.5500 1.5500 1.5490 1.5490 1.5490 1.5490 1.5480 1.5480 1.5480 1.5480 1.5470 1.5470 1.5470 1.5460 1.5460 1.5460 1.5460 1.5450 1.5450 1.5450 1.5450 1.5440 1.5440 1.5440 1.5430 1.5430 1.5430 1.5420 1.5420 1.5420 1.5410 1.5410 1.5410 1.5400 1.5400

Temp °C

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61


62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

Pressure [kPa]

1589.0 1624.0 1659.0 1694.0 1730.0 1767.0 1804.0 1842.0 1880.0 1919.0 1959.0 1999.0 2040.0 2081.0 2123.0 2166.0 2209.0 2253.0 2297.0 2343.0 2389.0 2435.0 2482.0 2530.0 2579.0 2628.0 2678.0 2729.0 2781.0 2833.0 2886.0 2940.0 2995.0 3050.0 3106.0 3163.0 3221.0 3280.0 3340.0 3400.0 3462.0 3524.0 3588.0 3653.0 3718.0 3785.0 3853.0 3922.0 3992.0



0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0013 0.0013 0.0014

1159.0 1154.0 1149.0 1144.0 1139.0 1134.0 1129.0 1124.0 1118.0 1113.0 1108.0 1102.0 1097.0 1091.0 1085.0 1079.0 1074.0 1068.0 1061.0 1055.0 1049.0 1042.0 1036.0 1029.0 1022.0 1015.0 1008.0 1001.0 993.2 985.4 977.5 969.3 960.9 952.2 943.2 933.9 924.3 914.3 903.8 892.8 881.3 869.1 856.1 842.2 827.1 810.5 791.8 769.9 742.7

0.0107 0.0105 0.0102 0.0100 0.0097 0.0095 0.0093 0.0090 0.0088 0.0086 0.0084 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0076 0.0074 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0067 0.0066 0.0064 0.0062 0.0061 0.0059 0.0058 0.0056 0.0055 0.0053 0.0052 0.0050 0.0049 0.0048 0.0046 0.0045 0.0044 0.0042 0.0041 0.0040 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0030 0.0029 0.0027 0.0025

93.370 95.650 97.980 100.400 102.800 105.300 107.900 110.600 113.300 116.100 118.900 121.800 124.900 128.000 131.100 134.400 137.800 141.200 144.800 148.500 152.300 156.200 160.300 164.500 168.800 173.300 177.900 182.800 187.800 193.000 198.400 204.100 210.000 216.200 222.700 229.600 236.800 244.400 252.600 261.200 270.600 280.600 291.500 303.500 316.800 331.800 349.200 369.900 396.300

Liquid Hf


Vapour Hg

262.8 263.9 265.1 266.2 267.3 268.5 269.6 270.8 271.9 273.1 274.3 275.5 276.6 277.8 279.0 280.3 281.5 282.7 283.9 285.2 286.4 287.7 289.0 290.3 291.6 292.9 294.2 295.6 296.9 298.3 299.7 301.1 302.5 304.0 305.4 306.9 308.4 310.0 311.6 313.2 314.9 316.6 318.4 320.2 322.2 324.2 326.5 328.9 331.8

112.7 111.9 110.9 110.0 109.1 108.1 107.2 106.2 105.3 104.3 103.3 102.2 101.3 100.2 99.1 97.9 96.8 95.7 94.6 93.3 92.2 90.9 89.6 88.3 87.0 85.7 84.3 82.9 81.5 79.9 78.4 76.8 75.2 73.4 71.8 69.9 68.1 66.1 64.0 61.9 59.6 57.2 54.6 51.9 48.8 45.6 41.8 37.5 32.1

375.5 375.8 376.0 376.2 376.4 376.6 376.8 377.0 377.2 377.4 377.6 377.7 377.9 378.0 378.1 378.2 378.3 378.4 378.5 378.5 378.6 378.6 378.6 378.6 378.6 378.6 378.5 378.5 378.4 378.2 378.1 377.9 377.7 377.4 377.2 376.8 376.5 376.1 375.6 375.1 374.5 373.8 373.0 372.1 371.0 369.8 368.3 366.4 363.9

Entropy [kJ/K-kg] Liquid Vapour Sf Sg 1.2030 1.2070 1.2100 1.2130 1.2160 1.2200 1.2230 1.2260 1.2290 1.2330 1.2360 1.2390 1.2430 1.2460 1.2490 1.2530 1.2560 1.2590 1.2630 1.2660 1.2700 1.2730 1.2770 1.2800 1.2840 1.2870 1.2910 1.2940 1.2980 1.3010 1.3050 1.3090 1.3120 1.3160 1.3200 1.3240 1.3280 1.3320 1.3360 1.3400 1.3440 1.3490 1.3530 1.3580 1.3630 1.3680 1.3740 1.3800 1.3870

1.5400 1.5390 1.5390 1.5390 1.5380 1.5380 1.5370 1.5370 1.5360 1.5360 1.5350 1.5350 1.5340 1.5340 1.5330 1.5330 1.5320 1.5310 1.5310 1.5300 1.5290 1.5280 1.5280 1.5270 1.5260 1.5250 1.5240 1.5230 1.5220 1.5210 1.5200 1.5190 1.5170 1.5160 1.5140 1.5130 1.5110 1.5090 1.5080 1.5060 1.5030 1.5010 1.4980 1.4950 1.4920 1.4880 1.4840 1.4780 1.4710

Temp °C

62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

l TABLE 2 Freon®12 Superheated Vapour - Constant Pressure Tables 3

V = Volume in m /kg

H = Enthalpy in kJ/kg

S = Entropy in kJ/kg.K

Saturation Properties in ( )

Absolute Pressure kPa Temp °C

-70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80

V (1.366) 1.3880 1.4230 1.4580 1.4920 1.5270 1.5620 1.5970 1.6310 1.6660 1.7010 1.7350 1.7700 1.8050 1.8390 1.8740 1.9080 1.9430 1.9770 2.0120 2.0460 2.0810 2.1150 2.1500 2.1840 2.2190 2.2530 2.2880 2.3220 2.3570 2.3910 2.4260

10 (-73.12°C) H (318.4) 319.9 322.4 325.0 327.5 330.1 332.7 335.4 338.1 340.8 343.5 346.3 349.1 351.9 354.8 357.6 360.5 363.5 366.4 369.4 372.4 375.4 378.5 381.6 384.7 387.8 390.9 394.1 397.3 400.5 403.7 407.0

S (1.641) 1.6490 1.6610 1.6730 1.6850 1.6970 1.7080 1.7200 1.7310 1.7420 1.7530 1.7640 1.7750 1.7860 1.7970 1.8080 1.8180 1.8290 1.8390 1.8490 1.8590 1.8690 1.8790 1.8890 1.8990 1.9090 1.9190 1.9280 1.9380 1.9470 1.9560 1.9660

20 (-62.10°C) V H (0.7172) (323.6) 0.7247 324.7 0.7423 327.3 0.7599 329.9 0.7775 332.5 0.7950 335.2 0.8125 337.9 0.8300 340.6 0.8475 343.3 0.8649 346.1 0.8823 348.9 0.8997 351.7 0.9171 354.6 0.9345 357.5 0.9519 360.4 0.9693 363.3 0.9866 366.3 1.0040 369.3 1.0210 372.3 1.0390 375.3 1.0560 378.4 1.0730 381.5 1.0910 384.6 1.1080 387.7 1.1250 390.8 1.1420 394.0 1.1600 397.2 1.1770 400.4 1.1940 403.7 1.2120 406.9

S (1.594) 1.6490 1.6610 1.6730 1.6850 1.6970 1.7080 1.7200 1.7310 1.7420 1.7530 1.7640 1.7750 1.7860 1.7970 1.8080 1.8180 1.8290 1.8390 1.8490 1.8590 1.8690 1.8790 1.8890 1.8990 1.9090 1.9190 1.9280 1.9380 1.9470 1.9560 1.9660

60 (-41.39°C) V H (0.2588) (333.5) 0.2605 334.3 0.2665 337.0 0.2726 339.8 0.2786 342.6 0.2846 345.4 0.2906 348.2 0.2965 351.1 0.3025 354.0 0.3084 356.9 0.3143 359.8 0.3202 362.8 0.3261 365.8 0.3320 368.8 0.3379 371.8 0.3437 374.9 0.3496 377.9 0.3554 381.0 0.3613 384.2 0.3671 387.3 0.3730 390.5 0.3788 393.6 0.3846 396.8 0.3905 400.1 0.3963 403.3 0.4021 406.6 0.4079 409.8 0.4137 413.2 0.4195 416.5 0.4253 419.8 0.4311 423.2 0.4369 426.5

S (1.619) 1.6240 1.6360 1.6480 1.6600 1.6710 1.6830 1.6940 1.7050 1.7160 1.7270 1.7380 1.7490 1.7600 1.7700 1.7810 1.7910 1.8010 1.8110 1.8220 1.8320 1.8410 1.8510 1.8610 1.8710 1.8800 1.8900 1.8990 1.9090 1.9180

30 (-54.97°C) V H (0.4923) (327.0) 0.5041 329.6 0.5160 332.3 0.5278 334.9 0.5396 337.7 0.5513 340.4 0.5630 343.1 0.5748 345.9 0.5865 348.7 0.5981 351.6 0.6098 354.5 0.6215 357.3 0.6331 360.3 0.6447 363.2 0.6564 366.2 0.6680 369.2 0.6796 372.2 0.6912 375.2 0.7028 378.3 0.7143 381.4 0.7259 384.5 0.7375 387.6 0.7491 390.7 0.7606 393.9 0.7722 397.1 0.7837 400.3 0.7953 403.6 0.8068 406.8

S (1.608) 1.6190 1.6310 1.6430 1.6540 1.6660 1.6770 1.6880 1.6990 1.7100 1.7210 1.7310 1.7420 1.7520 1.7630 1.7730 1.7830 1.7930 1.8030 1.8130 1.8230 1.8330 1.8430 1.8520 1.8620 1.8710 1.8810 1.8900

40 (-49.57°C) V H (0.3770) (329.6) 0.3852 332.0 0.3941 334.7 0.4031 337.4 0.4120 340.2 0.4208 343.0 0.4297 345.8 0.4385 348.6 0.4473 351.4 0.4561 354.3 0.4649 357.2 0.4737 360.1 0.4825 363.1 0.4912 366.0 0.5000 369.0 0.5087 372.1 0.5175 375.1 0.5262 378.2 0.5349 381.3 0.5436 384.4 0.5523 387.5 0.5610 390.7 0.5697 393.8 0.5784 397.0 0.5871 400.2 0.5958 403.5 0.6045 406.7

S (1.586) 1.5930 1.6050 1.6160 1.6280 1.6390 1.6500 1.6610 1.6720 1.6820 1.6930 1.7030 1.7140 1.7240 1.7340 1.7440 1.7540 1.7640 1.7740 1.7840 1.7930 1.8030 1.8120 1.8220 1.8310 1.8400 1.8490 1.8580 1.8670 1.8760 1.8850

80 (-35.16°C) V H (0.1981) (336.5) 0.1982 336.6 0.2029 339.4 0.2074 342.2 0.2120 345.0 0.2166 347.9 0.2211 350.8 0.2256 353.7 0.2301 356.6 0.2346 359.5 0.2391 362.5 0.2435 365.5 0.2480 368.5 0.2524 371.6 0.2569 374.6 0.2613 377.7 0.2657 380.8 0.2701 383.9 0.2745 387.1 0.2789 390.3 0.2833 393.4 0.2877 396.7 0.2921 399.9 0.2965 403.1 0.3009 406.4 0.3053 409.7 0.3097 413.0 0.3140 416.3 0.3184 419.7 0.3228 423.0 0.3271 426.4

Temp °C S (1.600) 1.6110 1.6220 1.6340 1.6450 1.6570 1.6680 1.6790 1.6900 1.7000 1.7110 1.7220 1.7320 1.7430 1.7530 1.7630 1.7730 1.7830 1.7930 1.8030 1.8130 1.8230 1.8320 1.8420 1.8510 1.8610 1.8700

-70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80


-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

50 (-45.15°C) V H (0.3065) (331.7) 0.3139 319.9 0.3212 322.4 0.3283 325.0 0.3355 327.5 0.3426 330.1 0.3497 332.7 0.3568 335.4 0.3639 338.1 0.3710 340.8 0.3781 343.5 0.3851 346.3 0.3922 349.1 0.3992 351.9 0.4062 354.8 0.4132 357.6 0.4202 360.5 0.4272 363.5 0.4342 366.4 0.4412 369.4 0.4482 372.4 0.4552 375.4 0.4621 378.5 0.4691 381.6 0.4761 384.7 0.4830 387.8 0.4900 390.9 0.4969 394.1 0.5039 397.3 0.5108 400.5 0.5178 403.7 0.5247 407.0

S (1.590) 1.5930 1.6050 1.6160 1.6280 1.6390 1.6500 1.6610 1.6720 1.6830 1.6930 1.7040 1.7140 1.7250 1.7350 1.7450 1.7550 1.7650 1.7750 1.7850 1.7940 1.8040 1.8130 1.8230 1.8320 1.8420 1.8510 1.8600 1.8690 1.8780 1.8870 1.8960

70 (-38.10°C) V H (0.2243) (335.1) 0.2275 336.8 0.2327 339.6 0.2379 342.4 0.2431 345.2 0.2483 348.1 0.2534 350.9 0.2585 353.8 0.2637 356.7 0.2688 359.7 0.2738 362.6 0.2789 365.6 0.2840 368.7 0.2890 371.7 0.2941 374.7 0.2991 377.8 0.3042 380.9 0.3092 384.0 0.3142 387.2 0.3192 390.4 0.3243 393.5 0.3293 396.7 0.3343 400.0 0.3393 403.2 0.3443 406.5 0.3493 409.8 0.3542 413.1 0.3592 416.4 0.3642 419.7 0.3692 423.1 0.3742 426.5

Temp °C S (1.583) 1.5840 1.5950 1.6070 1.6180 1.6290 1.6400 1.6510 1.6620 1.6730 1.6830 1.6940 1.7040 1.7140 1.7250 1.7350 1.7450 1.7550 1.7640 1.7740 1.7840 1.7930 1.8030 1.8120 1.8220 1.8310 1.8400 1.8490 1.8580 1.8670 1.8760

-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

l TABLE 2 (continued) Freon®12 Superheated Vapour - Constant Pressure Tables 3

V = Volume in m /kg

Temp °C

-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

90 (-32.50°C) V H (0.1775) (337.8) 0.1796 339.2 0.1837 342.0 0.1878 344.8 0.1919 347.7 0.1959 350.6 0.2000 353.5 0.2040 356.4 0.2080 359.4 0.2120 362.4 0.2160 365.4 0.2200 368.4 0.2239 371.4 0.2279 374.5 0.2319 377.6 0.2358 380.7 0.2397 383.8 0.2437 387.0 0.2476 390.2 0.2515 393.3 0.2554 396.6 0.2594 399.8 0.2633 403.0 0.2672 406.3 0.2711 409.6 0.2750 412.9 0.2789 416.2 0.2828 419.6 0.2866 422.9 0.2905 426.3 0.2944 429.7 0.2983 433.1

Temp °C

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125

V (0.1358) 0.1363 0.1394 0.1425 0.1456 0.1487 0.1518 0.1549 0.1579 0.1609 0.1640 0.1670 0.1700 0.1730 0.1760 0.1790 0.1819 0.1849 0.1879 0.1908 0.1938 0.1968 0.1997 0.2027 0.2056 0.2085 0.2115 0.2144 0.2173 0.2203 0.2232 0.2261

120 (-25.7°C) H (341.0) 341.4 344.3 347.2 350.1 353.0 356.0 358.9 361.9 365.0 368.0 371.1 374.1 377.2 380.4 383.5 386.7 389.9 393.1 396.3 399.5 402.8 406.1 409.4 412.7 416.0 419.4 422.7 426.1 429.5 432.9 436.4


S (1.581) 1.5870 1.5980 1.6090 1.6210 1.6320 1.6430 1.6530 1.6640 1.6750 1.6850 1.6960 1.7060 1.7160 1.7260 1.7360 1.7460 1.7560 1.7660 1.7750 1.7850 1.7950 1.8040 1.8130 1.8230 1.8320 1.8410 1.8500 1.8590 1.8680 1.8760 1.8850

S (1.5750 ) 1.5760 1.5880 1.5990 1.6110 1.6220 1.6330 1.6430 1.6540 1.6650 1.6750 1.6850 1.6960 1.7060 1.7160 1.7260 1.7360 1.7450 1.7550 1.7650 1.7740 1.7840 1.7930 1.8020 1.8110 1.8210 1.8300 1.8390 1.8470 1.8560 1.8650 1.8740

V (0.161) 0.1610 0.1647 0.1685 0.1721 0.1758 0.1795 0.1831 0.1867 0.1904 0.1940 0.1976 0.2012 0.2047 0.2083 0.2119 0.2154 0.2190 0.2225 0.2261 0.2296 0.2331 0.2367 0.2402 0.2437 0.2472 0.2507 0.2542 0.2578 0.2613 0.2648 0.2683


Absolute Pressure kPa 100 101.325 (-30.06°C ) (-29.75°C) H S V H (338.9) (1.578 ) (0.1610) (339.1) 338.9 1.5790 341.8 1.5900 0.1625 341.8 344.6 1.6020 0.1662 344.6 347.5 1.6130 0.1698 347.5 350.4 1.6240 0.1735 350.4 353.3 1.6350 0.1771 353.3 356.3 1.6460 0.1807 356.3 359.2 1.6570 0.1842 359.2 362.2 1.6670 0.1878 362.2 365.2 1.6780 0.1914 365.2 368.3 1.6880 0.1949 368.2 371.3 1.6980 0.1985 371.3 374.4 1.7090 0.2020 374.4 377.5 1.7190 0.2055 377.5 380.6 1.7290 0.2091 380.6 383.7 1.7390 0.2126 383.7 386.9 1.7490 0.2161 386.9 390.1 1.7580 0.2196 390.0 393.2 1.7680 0.2231 393.2 396.5 1.7780 0.2266 396.5 399.7 1.7870 0.2300 399.7 403.0 1.7970 0.2335 402.9 406.2 1.8060 0.2370 406.2 409.5 1.8150 0.2405 409.5 412.8 1.8240 0.2440 412.8 416.2 1.8330 0.2474 416.1 419.5 1.8420 0.2509 419.5 422.9 1.8510 0.2544 422.9 426.3 1.8600 0.2578 426.2 429.6 1.8690 0.2613 429.6 433.1 1.8780 0.2647 433.1


S (1.578) 1.5890 1.6010 1.6120 1.6230 1.6340 1.6450 1.6560 1.6660 1.6770 1.6870 1.6980 1.7080 1.7180 1.7280 1.7380 1.7480 1.7570 1.7670 1.7770 1.7860 1.7960 1.8050 1.8140 1.8230 1.8320 1.8410 1.8500 1.8590 1.8680 1.8770

Absolute Pressure kPa 130 140 (-23.73°C) (-21.88°C) V H S V H S (0.1260 ) (341.9) (1.5730) ) (0.1176) (3432.8) (1.5720) 0.1282 344.1 1.5820 0.1186 343.9 1.5760 0.1311 347.0 1.5930 0.1214 346.8 1.5880 0.1340 349.9 1.6050 0.1241 349.7 1.5990 0.1369 352.8 1.6160 0.1267 352.7 1.6100 0.1397 355.8 1.6270 0.1294 355.7 1.6210 0.1426 358.8 1.6370 0.1321 358.6 1.6320 0.1454 361.8 1.6480 0.1347 361.7 1.6430 0.1482 364.8 1.6590 0.1373 364.7 1.6530 0.1510 367.9 1.6690 0.1399 367.7 1.6640 0.1538 370.9 1.6800 0.1426 370.8 1.6740 0.1566 374.0 1.6900 0.1452 373.9 1.6840 0.1594 377.1 1.7000 0.1477 377.0 1.6950 0.1622 380.3 1.7100 0.1503 380.1 1.7050 0.1649 383.4 1.7200 0.1529 383.3 1.7150 0.1677 386.6 1.7300 0.1555 386.5 1.7250 0.1704 389.8 1.7400 0.1580 389.6 1.7340 0.1732 393.0 1.7490 0.1606 392.9 1.7440 0.1759 396.2 1.7590 0.1632 396.1 1.7540 0.1787 399.4 1.7680 0.1657 399.3 1.7630 0.1814 402.7 1.7780 0.1683 402.6 1.7730 0.1841 406.0 1.7870 0.1708 405.9 1.7820 0.1869 409.3 1.7970 0.1733 409.2 1.7910 0.1896 412.6 1.8060 0.1759 412.5 1.8010 0.1923 415.9 1.8150 0.1784 415.8 1.8100 0.1950 419.3 1.8240 0.1809 419.2 1.8190 0.1977 422.6 1.8330 0.1835 422.6 1.8280 0.2005 426.0 1.8420 0.1860 426.0 1.8370 0.2032 429.4 1.8510 0.1885 429.4 1.8450 0.2059 432.9 1.8590 0.1910 432.8 1.8540 0.2086 436.3 1.8680 0.1935 436.2 1.8630

V (0.1473) 0.1492 0.1526 0.1560 0.1594 0.1627 0.1660 0.1694 0.1727 0.1760 0.1792 0.1825 0.1858 0.1890 0.1923 0.1955 0.1988 0.2020 0.2052 0.2085 0.2117 0.2149 0.2181 0.2213 0.2245 0.2277 0.2309 0.2341 0.2373 0.2405 0.2437

110 (-27.8°C ) H (340.0 ) 341.6 344.5 347.3 350.2 353.2 356.1 359.1 362.1 365.1 368.1 371.2 374.3 377.4 380.5 383.6 386.8 390.0 393.2 396.4 399.6 402.9 406.1 409.4 412.7 416.1 419.4 422.8 426.2 429.6 433.0

Temp °C S (1.5780) 1.5830 1.5950 1.6060 1.6170 1.6280 1.6390 1.6500 1.6600 1.6710 1.6810 1.6920 1.7020 1.7120 1.7220 1.7320 1.7420 1.7520 1.7610 1.7710 1.7800 1.7900 1.7990 1.8080 1.8180 1.8270 1.8360 1.8450 1.8540 1.8620 1.8710

150 (-20.12°C ) V H S (0.1103) (343.6) (1.5710 ) 0.1103 343.7 1.5710 0.1129 346.6 1.5820 0.1154 349.5 1.5940 0.1179 352.5 1.6050 0.1204 355.5 1.6160 0.1229 358.5 1.6270 0.1254 361.5 1.6380 0.1279 364.5 1.6480 0.1303 367.6 1.6590 0.1328 370.7 1.6690 0.1352 373.8 1.6790 0.1376 376.9 1.6900 0.1401 380.0 1.7000 0.1425 383.2 1.7100 0.1449 386.4 1.7200 0.1473 389.5 1.7290 0.1497 392.8 1.7390 0.1521 396.0 1.7490 0.1545 399.2 1.7580 0.1568 402.5 1.7680 0.1592 405.8 1.7770 0.1616 409.1 1.7860 0.1640 412.4 1.7960 0.1663 415.8 1.8050 0.1687 419.1 1.8140 0.1711 422.5 1.8230 0.1734 425.9 1.8320 0.1758 429.3 1.8410 0.1781 432.7 1.8490 0.1805 436.2 1.8580

-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Temp °C

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125


V = Volume in m /kg





-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

V -0.1038 0.1055 0.1079 0.1102 0.1126 0.1150 0.1173 0.1196 0.1219 0.1242 0.1265 0.1288 0.1311 0.1334 0.1356 0.1379 0.1401 0.1424 0.1446 0.1469 0.1491 0.1513 0.1536 0.1558 0.1580 0.1602 0.1625 0.1647 0.1669 0.1691 0.1713 0.1735

160 (-18.45°C) H S (344.4) (1.5700 ) 346.4 1.5780 349.4 1.5890 352.3 1.6000 355.3 1.6110 358.3 1.6220 361.4 1.6330 364.4 1.6430 367.5 1.6540 370.6 1.6640 373.7 1.6750 376.8 1.6850 379.9 1.6950 383.1 1.7050 386.2 1.7150 389.4 1.7250 392.7 1.7340 395.9 1.7440 399.1 1.7540 402.4 1.7630 405.7 1.7730 409.0 1.7820 412.3 1.7910 415.7 1.8000 419.0 1.8090 422.4 1.8180 425.8 1.8270 429.2 1.8360 432.7 1.8450 436.1 1.8530 439.6 1.8620 443.0 1.8710

170 (-16.86°C) V H (0.0981) (345.1) 0.0989 346.2 0.1012 349.2 0.1035 352.2 0.1057 355.2 0.1079 358.2 0.1101 361.2 0.1123 364.3 0.1145 367.3 0.1167 370.4 0.1189 373.5 0.1210 376.7 0.1232 379.8 0.1253 383.0 0.1275 386.1 0.1296 389.3 0.1317 392.6 0.1338 395.8 0.1360 399.1 0.1381 402.3 0.1402 405.6 0.1423 408.9 0.1444 412.3 0.1465 415.6 0.1486 419.0 0.1507 422.3 0.1528 425.7 0.1549 429.2 0.1569 432.6 0.1590 436.0 0.1611 439.5 0.1632 443.0

S (1.569 ) 1.5730 1.5840 1.5950 1.6070 1.6170 1.6280 1.6390 1.6490 1.6600 1.6700 1.6800 1.6910 1.7010 1.7110 1.7200 1.7300 1.7400 1.7490 1.7590 1.7680 1.7770 1.7870 1.7960 1.8050 1.8140 1.8230 1.8320 1.8400 1.8490 1.8580 1.8660

180 (-15.34°C) V H (0.0939) (345.8) 0.0931 346.0 0.0953 349.0 0.0974 352.0 0.0995 355.0 0.1017 358.0 0.1038 361.1 0.1058 364.1 0.1079 367.2 0.1100 370.3 0.1120 373.4 0.1141 376.5 0.1161 379.7 0.1182 382.9 0.1202 386.0 0.1222 389.2 0.1242 392.5 0.1262 395.7 0.1282 399.0 0.1302 402.2 0.1322 405.5 0.1342 408.8 0.1362 412.2 0.1382 415.5 0.1402 418.9 0.1422 422.3 0.1442 425.7 0.1461 429.1 0.1481 432.5 0.1501 436.0 0.1520 439.4 0.1540 442.9

S (1.568) 1.5680 1.5800 1.5910 1.6020 1.6130 1.6240 1.6350 1.6450 1.6560 1.6660 1.6760 1.6860 1.6960 1.7060 1.7160 1.7260 1.7360 1.7450 1.7550 1.7640 1.7730 1.7830 1.7920 1.8010 1.8100 1.8190 1.8280 1.8360 1.8450 1.8540 1.8620

190 (-13.89°C) V H (0.0884) (346.5) 0.0900 348.8 0.0920 351.8 0.0940 354.8 0.0961 357.9 0.0981 360.9 0.1000 364.0 0.1020 367.1 0.1040 370.2 0.1059 373.3 0.1079 376.4 0.1098 379.6 0.1118 382.7 0.1137 385.9 0.1156 389.1 0.1175 392.4 0.1194 395.6 0.1213 398.9 0.1232 402.2 0.1251 405.4 0.1270 408.8 0.1289 412.1 0.1308 415.4 0.1327 418.8 0.1346 422.2 0.1364 425.6 0.1383 429.0 0.1402 432.4 0.1421 435.9 0.1439 439.4 0.1458 442.8

S (1.564) 1.5750 1.5870 1.5980 1.6090 1.6190 1.6300 1.6410 1.6510 1.6610 1.6720 1.6820 1.6920 1.7020 1.7110 1.7210 1.7310 1.7400 1.7500 1.7590 1.7680 1.7770 1.7860 1.7950 1.8040 1.8130 1.8220 1.8310 1.8400 1.8480 1.8570

230 (-8.59°C) H (348.9) 351.1 354.2 357.2 360.3 363.4 366.5 369.6 372.8 375.9 379.1 382.3 385.5 388.7 392.0 395.2 398.5 401.8 405.1 408.4 411.8 415.1 418.5 421.9 425.3 428.7 432.2 435.6 439.1 442.6 446.1

Temp °C S (1.567) 1.5760 1.5870 1.5980 1.6090 1.6200 1.6310 1.6410 1.6520 1.6620 1.6720 1.6820 1.6920 1.7020 1.7120 1.7220 1.7320 1.7410 1.7510 1.7600 1.7700 1.7790 1.7880 1.7970 1.8060 1.8150 1.8240 1.8330 1.8410 1.8500 1.8590

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135


-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140

200 (-12.49°C) V H (0.0842) (347.1) 0.0852 348.6 0.0871 351.7 0.0891 354.7 0.0910 357.7 0.0929 360.8 0.0948 363.8 0.0967 366.9 0.0986 370.0 0.1004 373.2 0.1023 376.3 0.1042 379.5 0.1060 382.6 0.1078 385.8 0.1097 389.0 0.1115 392.3 0.1133 395.5 0.1151 398.8 0.1169 402.1 0.1187 405.4 0.1205 408.7 0.1223 412.0 0.1241 415.4 0.1259 418.7 0.1277 422.1 0.1295 425.5 0.1313 428.9 0.1331 432.4 0.1349 435.8 0.1366 439.3 0.1384 442.8 0.1402 446.3

S (1.566) 1.5720 1.5830 1.5940 1.6050 1.6160 1.6270 1.6370 1.6480 1.6580 1.6690 1.6790 1.6890 1.6990 1.7090 1.7180 1.7280 1.7380 1.7470 1.7560 1.7660 1.7750 1.7840 1.7930 1.8020 1.8110 1.8200 1.8290 1.8380 1.8460 1.8550 1.8630

210 (-11.14°C) V H (0.0804) (347.8) 0.0809 348.5 0.0827 351.5 0.0846 354.5 0.0864 357.6 0.0883 360.6 0.0901 363.7 0.0919 366.8 0.0937 369.9 0.0955 373.0 0.0973 376.2 0.0990 379.3 0.1008 382.5 0.1025 385.7 0.1043 388.9 0.1060 392.2 0.1078 395.4 0.1095 398.7 0.1112 402.0 0.1130 405.3 0.1147 408.6 0.1164 411.9 0.1181 415.3 0.1198 418.7 0.1215 422.0 0.1232 425.4 0.1249 428.9 0.1266 432.3 0.1283 435.8 0.1300 439.2 0.1317 442.7 0.1334 446.2

S (1.565) 1.5680 1.5790 1.5900 1.6010 1.6120 1.6230 1.6340 1.6440 1.6550 1.6650 1.6750 1.6850 1.6950 1.7050 1.7150 1.7240 1.7340 1.7440 1.7530 1.7620 1.7720 1.7810 1.7900 1.7990 1.8080 1.8170 1.8250 1.8340 1.8430 1.8510 1.8600

V (0.0770) 0.0787 0.0805 0.0823 0.0840 0.0858 0.0875 0.0892 0.0910 0.0927 0.0944 0.0960 0.0977 0.0994 0.1011 0.1027 0.1044 0.1060 0.1077 0.1093 0.1110 0.1126 0.1143 0.1159 0.1175 0.1192 0.1208 0.1224 0.1240 0.1257 0.1273

220 (-9.84°C) H (348.4) 351.3 354.3 357.4 360.5 363.6 366.7 369.8 372.9 376.1 379.2 382.4 385.6 388.8 392.1 395.3 398.6 401.9 405.2 408.5 411.8 415.2 418.6 422.0 425.4 428.8 432.2 435.7 439.2 442.6 446.1

V (0.0738) 0.0751 0.0768 0.0785 0.0802 0.0819 0.0835 0.0852 0.0868 0.0885 0.0901 0.0917 0.0933 0.0949 0.0965 0.0981 0.0997 0.1013 0.1029 0.1045 0.1061 0.1076 0.1092 0.1108 0.1123 0.1139 0.1154 0.1170 0.1186 0.1201 0.1217

Temp °C S (1.564) 1.5720 1.5830 1.5940 1.6050 1.6160 1.6270 1.6370 1.6480 1.6580 1.6680 1.6780 1.6880 1.6980 1.7080 1.7180 1.7270 1.7370 1.7460 1.7560 1.7650 1.7740 1.7830 1.7920 1.8010 1.8100 1.8190 1.8280 1.8360 1.8450 1.8530

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140


V = Volume in m /kg





-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145

V (0.0709 ) 0.0717 0.0734 0.0750 0.0767 0.0783 0.0799 0.0815 0.0831 0.0846 0.0862 0.0878 0.0893 0.0908 0.0924 0.0939 0.0955 0.0970 0.0985 0.1000 0.1015 0.1030 0.1045 0.1060 0.1076 0.1090 0.1105 0.1120 0.1135 0.1150 0.1165 0.1180

240 (-7.38°C) H (349.5) 350.9 354.0 357.1 360.2 363.3 366.4 369.5 372.7 375.8 379.0 382.2 385.4 388.6 391.9 395.1 398.4 401.7 405.0 408.3 411.7 415.0 418.4 421.8 425.2 428.7 432.1 435.6 439.0 442.5 446.0 449.5

V (0.0613) 0.0621 0.0636 0.0650 0.0664 0.0678 0.0692 0.0706 0.0720 0.0734 0.0747 0.0761 0.0774 0.0787 0.0801 0.0814 0.0827 0.0840 0.0854 0.0867 0.0880 0.0893 0.0906 0.0919 0.0932 0.0945 0.0957 0.0970 0.0983 0.0996 0.1009 0.1022

280 (-2.88°C) H (351.5) 353.3 356.4 359.6 362.7 365.8 369.0 372.1 375.3 378.5 381.7 385.0 388.2 391.5 394.7 398.0 401.3 404.7 408.0 411.4 414.7 418.1 421.5 424.9 428.4 431.8 435.3 438.8 442.3 445.8 449.3 452.8

S (1.563) 1.5680 1.5800 1.5910 1.6020 1.6130 1.6230 1.6340 1.6450 1.6550 1.6650 1.6750 1.6850 1.6950 1.7050 1.7150 1.7240 1.7340 1.7430 1.7530 1.7620 1.7710 1.7800 1.7890 1.7980 1.8070 1.8160 1.8250 1.8330 1.8420 1.8500 1.8590

V (0.0682) 0.0686 0.0702 0.0718 0.0734 0.0750 0.0765 0.0780 0.0796 0.0811 0.0826 0.0841 0.0856 0.0871 0.0886 0.0900 0.0915 0.0930 0.0945 0.0959 0.0974 0.0988 0.1003 0.1017 0.1032 0.1046 0.1060 0.1075 0.1089 0.1103 0.1118 0.1132

250 (-6.20°C) H (350.0) 350.8 353.8 356.9 360.0 363.1 366.2 369.4 372.5 375.7 378.9 382.1 385.3 388.5 391.8 395.0 398.3 401.6 404.9 408.3 411.6 415.0 418.3 421.7 425.2 428.6 432.0 435.5 439.0 442.4 446.0 449.5

V (0.0593) 0.0598 0.0612 0.0626 0.0640 0.0653 0.0667 0.0680 0.0694 0.0707 0.0720 0.0733 0.0746 0.0759 0.0772 0.0785 0.0798 0.0810 0.0823 0.0836 0.0848 0.0861 0.0874 0.0886 0.0899 0.0911 0.0924 0.0936 0.0949 0.0961 0.0973 0.0986

290 (-1.83) H (352.0) 353.1 356.3 359.4 362.5 365.7 368.8 372.0 375.2 378.4 381.6 384.8 388.1 391.4 394.6 397.9 401.2 404.6 407.9 411.3 414.6 418.0 421.4 424.9 428.3 431.7 435.2 438.7 442.2 445.7 449.2 452.8

S (1.562) 1.5650 1.5770 1.5880 1.5990 1.6100 1.6200 1.6310 1.6410 1.6520 1.6620 1.6720 1.6820 1.6920 1.7020 1.7120 1.7210 1.7310 1.7400 1.7500 1.7590 1.7680 1.7770 1.7860 1.7950 1.8040 1.8130 1.8220 1.8300 1.8390 1.8480 1.8560

V (0.0657) 0.0658 0.0673 0.0689 0.0704 0.0719 0.0734 0.0749 0.0764 0.0778 0.0793 0.0807 0.0822 0.0836 0.0850 0.0865 0.0879 0.0893 0.0907 0.0921 0.0935 0.0949 0.0963 0.0977 0.0991 0.1005 0.1019 0.1033 0.1046 0.1060 0.1074 0.1088

260 (-5.06°C) H (350.5) 350.6 353.7 356.8 359.9 363.0 366.1 369.2 372.4 375.6 378.8 382.0 385.2 388.4 391.7 394.9 398.2 401.5 404.8 408.2 411.5 414.9 418.3 421.7 425.1 428.5 432.0 435.4 438.9 442.4 445.9 449.4

270 (-3.96°C) H (351.0) 353.5 356.6 359.7 362.8 366.0 369.1 372.3 375.4 378.6 381.8 385.1 388.3 391.6 394.8 398.1 401.4 404.7 408.1 411.4 414.8 418.2 421.6 425.0 428.4 431.9 435.3 438.8 442.3 445.8 449.3

S (1.5620) 1.5620 1.5730 1.5850 1.5960 1.6070 1.6170 1.6280 1.6380 1.6490 1.6590 1.6690 1.6790 1.6890 1.6990 1.7090 1.7180 1.7280 1.7370 1.7470 1.7560 1.7650 1.7740 1.7830 1.7920 1.8010 1.8100 1.8190 1.8280 1.8360 1.8450 1.8530

V (0.0634) 0.0646 0.0661 0.0676 0.0691 0.0705 0.0720 0.0734 0.0748 0.0762 0.0776 0.0790 0.0804 0.0818 0.0831 0.0845 0.0859 0.0873 0.0886 0.0900 0.0913 0.0927 0.0940 0.0954 0.0967 0.0980 0.0994 0.1007 0.1020 0.1034 0.1047

S (1.560) 1.5620 1.5730 1.5840 1.5950 1.6060 1.6170 1.6270 1.6380 1.6480 1.6580 1.6680 1.6780 1.6880 1.6980 1.7080 1.7170 1.7270 1.7360 1.7460 1.7550 1.7640 1.7730 1.7820 1.7910 1.8000 1.8090 1.8170 1.8260 1.8340 1.8430 1.8510

310 (+0.18°C ) V H (0.0556) (352.9) 0.0569 355.9 0.0583 359.1 0.0596 362.2 0.0608 365.4 0.0621 368.6 0.0634 371.8 0.0646 375.0 0.0659 378.2 0.0671 381.4 0.0684 384.6 0.0696 387.9 0.0708 391.2 0.0720 394.4 0.0732 397.7 0.0744 401.1 0.0756 404.4 0.0768 407.7 0.0780 411.1 0.0792 414.5 0.0804 417.9 0.0816 421.3 0.0828 424.7 0.0839 428.1 0.0851 431.6 0.0863 435.1 0.0874 438.6 0.0886 442.1 0.0898 445.6 0.0909 449.1 0.0921 452.6

Temp °C S (1.561) 1.5700 1.5820 1.5930 1.6040 1.6140 1.6250 1.6360 1.6460 1.6560 1.6660 1.6760 1.6860 1.6960 1.7060 1.7160 1.7250 1.7350 1.7440 1.7530 1.7630 1.7720 1.7810 1.7900 1.7990 1.8070 1.8160 1.8250 1.8330 1.8420 1.8500

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150

S (1.561) 1.5670 1.5790 1.5900 1.6010 1.6120 1.6220 1.6330 1.6430 1.6530 1.6640 1.6740 1.6840 1.6930 1.7030 1.7130 1.7220 1.7320 1.7410 1.7510 1.7600 1.7690 1.7780 1.7870 1.7960 1.8050 1.8140 1.8220 1.8310 1.8390 1.8480 1.8560

S (1.560) 1.5640 1.5760 1.5870 1.5980 1.6090 1.6190 1.6300 1.6400 1.6510 1.6610 1.6710 1.6810 1.6910 1.7010 1.7100 1.7200 1.7290 1.7390 1.7480 1.7570 1.7660 1.7760 1.7850 1.7930 1.8020 1.8110 1.8200 1.8280 1.8370 1.8450 1.8540

V (0.0574) 0.0576 0.0590 0.0604 0.0617 0.0630 0.0643 0.0656 0.0669 0.0682 0.0695 0.0708 0.0720 0.0733 0.0745 0.0758 0.0770 0.0783 0.0795 0.0807 0.0819 0.0832 0.0844 0.0856 0.0868 0.0880 0.0892 0.0904 0.0916 0.0928 0.0940 0.0952

300 (-0.81°C ) H (352.4) 353.0 356.1 359.2 362.4 365.5 368.7 371.9 375.1 378.3 381.5 384.7 388.0 391.3 394.5 397.8 401.1 404.5 407.8 411.2 414.6 418.0 421.4 424.8 428.2 431.7 435.1 438.6 442.1 445.6 449.2 452.7

Temp °C S (1.559) 1.5700 1.5820 1.5930 1.6040 1.6140 1.6250 1.6350 1.6460 1.6560 1.6660 1.6760 1.6860 1.6960 1.7050 1.7150 1.7240 1.7340 1.7430 1.7520 1.7620 1.7710 1.7800 1.7890 1.7970 1.8060 1.8150 1.8240 1.8320 1.8410 1.8490

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150

l TABLE 2 (continued) ®

Freon 12 Superheated Vapour - Constant Pressure Tables V = Volume in m3/kg





5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155

V (0.054) 0.0550 0.0563 0.0575 0.0588 0.0600 0.0613 0.0625 0.0637 0.0649 0.0661 0.0673 0.0685 0.0697 0.0709 0.0720 0.0732 0.0743 0.0755 0.0767 0.0778 0.0790 0.0801 0.0812 0.0824 0.0835 0.0847 0.0858 0.0869 0.0880 0.0892 0.0903

320 (1.15°C) H (353.3) 355.8 358.9 362.1 365.3 368.4 371.6 374.8 378.0 381.3 384.5 387.8 391.0 394.3 397.6 401.0 404.3 407.6 411.0 414.4 417.8 421.2 424.6 428.1 431.5 435.0 438.5 442.0 445.5 449.0 452.6 456.1

V (0.0482) 0.0483 0.0495 0.0506 0.0518 0.0529 0.0540 0.0551 0.0562 0.0573 0.0584 0.0595 0.0605 0.0616 0.0626 0.0637 0.0647 0.0658 0.0668 0.0679 0.0689 0.0699 0.0709 0.0720 0.0730 0.0740 0.0750 0.0760 0.0770 0.0781 0.0791 0.0801

360 (4.82°C) H (354.9) 355.0 358.3 361.5 364.7 367.9 371.1 374.3 377.6 380.8 384.1 387.3 390.6 393.9 397.3 400.6 403.9 407.3 410.7 414.1 417.5 420.9 424.3 427.8 431.2 434.7 438.2 441.7 445.3 448.8 452.3 455.9

S (1.559) 1.5680 1.5790 1.5900 1.6010 1.6120 1.6220 1.6330 1.6430 1.6530 1.6640 1.6740 1.6830 1.6930 1.7030 1.7130 1.7220 1.7310 1.7410 1.7500 1.7590 1.7680 1.7770 1.7860 1.7950 1.8040 1.8130 1.8210 1.8300 1.8380 1.8470 1.8550

V (0.0524) 0.0532 0.0544 0.0557 0.0569 0.0581 0.0593 0.0605 0.0617 0.0628 0.0640 0.0652 0.0663 0.0675 0.0686 0.0698 0.0709 0.0720 0.0731 0.0743 0.0754 0.0765 0.0776 0.0787 0.0798 0.0809 0.0820 0.0831 0.0842 0.0853 0.0864 0.0875

330 (2.10°C) H -353.7 355.6 358.8 361.9 365.1 368.3 371.5 374.7 377.9 381.2 384.4 387.7 390.9 394.2 397.5 400.9 404.2 407.6 410.9 414.3 417.7 421.1 424.6 428.0 431.5 434.9 438.4 441.9 445.4 449.0 452.5 456.1

V (0.0470) 0.0480 0.0491 0.0502 0.0513 0.0524 0.0535 0.0546 0.0557 0.0567 0.0578 0.0588 0.0598 0.0609 0.0619 0.0629 0.0639 0.0649 0.0660 0.0670 0.0680 0.0690 0.0700 0.0710 0.0719 0.0729 0.0739 0.0749 0.0759 0.0769 0.0779

370 (5.69°C) H (355.3) 358.1 361.3 364.5 367.7 371.0 374.2 377.4 380.7 384.0 387.2 390.5 393.8 397.2 400.5 403.8 407.2 410.6 414.0 417.4 420.8 424.3 427.7 431.2 434.7 438.2 441.7 445.2 448.7 452.3 455.8

S -1.559 1.5650 1.5760 1.5880 1.5990 1.6090 1.6200 1.6300 1.6410 1.6510 1.6610 1.6710 1.6810 1.6910 1.7010 1.7100 1.7200 1.7290 1.7390 1.7480 1.7570 1.7660 1.7750 1.7840 1.7930 1.8020 1.8100 1.8190 1.8280 1.8360 1.8440 1.8530

V (0.0509) 0.0514 0.0527 0.0539 0.0551 0.0563 0.0574 0.0586 0.0597 0.0609 0.0620 0.0632 0.0643 0.0654 0.0665 0.0676 0.0687 0.0698 0.0709 0.0720 0.0731 0.0742 0.0753 0.0763 0.0774 0.0785 0.0796 0.0806 0.0817 0.0828 0.0838 0.0849

340 (3.03°C) H (354.1) 355.4 358.6 361.8 365.0 368.2 371.4 374.6 377.8 381.0 384.3 387.6 390.8 394.1 397.5 400.8 404.1 407.5 410.8 414.2 417.6 421.1 424.5 427.9 431.4 434.9 438.4 441.9 445.4 448.9 452.5 456.0

S (1.558) 1.5630 1.5740 1.5850 1.5960 1.6070 1.6180 1.6280 1.6380 1.6490 1.6590 1.6690 1.6790 1.6890 1.6980 1.7080 1.7180 1.7270 1.7360 1.7460 1.7550 1.7640 1.7730 1.7820 1.7910 1.7990 1.8080 1.8170 1.8250 1.8340 1.8420 1.8510

V (0.0496) 0.0498 0.0510 0.0522 0.0534 0.0545 0.0557 0.0568 0.0579 0.0590 0.0602 0.0613 0.0624 0.0634 0.0645 0.0656 0.0667 0.0677 0.0688 0.0699 0.0709 0.0720 0.0730 0.0741 0.0751 0.0762 0.0772 0.0783 0.0793 0.0803 0.0814 0.0824

350 (3.94°C) H (354.5) 355.2 358.4 361.6 364.8 368.0 371.2 374.4 377.7 380.9 384.2 387.5 390.7 394.0 397.4 400.7 404.0 407.4 410.8 414.2 417.6 421.0 424.4 427.9 431.3 434.8 438.3 441.8 445.3 448.9 452.4 456.0

V (0.0447) 0.0453 0.0464 0.0474 0.0485 0.0495 0.0506 0.0516 0.0526 0.0536 0.0546 0.0556 0.0566 0.0576 0.0586 0.0595 0.0605 0.0615 0.0624 0.0634 0.0644 0.0653 0.0663 0.0672 0.0682 0.0691 0.0700 0.0710 0.0719 0.0728 0.0738

390 (7.38°C) H (356.0) 357.7 361.0 364.2 367.4 370.7 373.9 377.2 380.5 383.7 387.0 390.3 393.6 397.0 400.3 403.7 407.0 410.4 413.8 417.2 420.7 424.1 427.6 431.0 434.5 438.0 441.5 445.1 448.6 452.2 455.7

Temp °C S (1.558) 1.5600 1.5720 1.5830 1.5940 1.6050 1.6150 1.6260 1.6360 1.6460 1.6570 1.6670 1.6770 1.6860 1.6960 1.7060 1.7150 1.7250 1.7340 1.7430 1.7530 1.7620 1.7710 1.7800 1.7890 1.7970 1.8060 1.8150 1.8230 1.8320 1.8400 1.8490

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155


5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155

S (1.557) 1.5580 1.5690 1.5800 1.5910 1.6020 1.6130 1.6240 1.6340 1.6440 1.6540 1.6650 1.6740 1.6840 1.6940 1.7040 1.7130 1.7230 1.7320 1.7410 1.7510 1.7600 1.7690 1.7780 1.7860 1.7950 1.8040 1.8130 1.8210 1.8300 1.8380 1.8470

S (1.557) 1.5670 1.5780 1.5890 1.6000 1.6110 1.6210 1.6320 1.6420 1.6520 1.6620 1.6720 1.6820 1.6920 1.7020 1.7110 1.7210 1.7300 1.7390 1.7490 1.7580 1.7670 1.7760 1.7840 1.7930 1.8020 1.8110 1.8190 1.8280 1.8360 1.8450

V (0.0548) 0.0466 0.0477 0.0488 0.0499 0.0510 0.0520 0.0531 0.0541 0.0551 0.0562 0.0572 0.0582 0.0592 0.0602 0.0612 0.0622 0.0632 0.0642 0.0651 0.0661 0.0671 0.0681 0.0690 0.0700 0.0710 0.0719 0.0729 0.0738 0.0748 0.0758

380 (6.54°C) H (355.7) 357.9 361.1 364.4 367.6 370.8 374.1 377.3 380.6 383.8 387.1 390.4 393.7 397.1 400.4 403.8 407.1 410.5 413.9 417.3 420.7 424.2 427.6 431.1 434.6 438.1 441.6 445.1 448.7 452.2 455.8

S (1.557) 1.5650 1.5760 1.5870 1.5980 1.6090 1.6190 1.6300 1.6400 1.6500 1.6600 1.6700 1.6800 1.6900 1.7000 1.7090 1.7190 1.7280 1.7370 1.7470 1.7560 1.7650 1.7740 1.7830 1.7910 1.8000 1.8090 1.8170 1.8260 1.8340 1.8430

Temp °C S (1.556) 1.5620 1.5740 1.5850 1.5960 1.6070 1.6170 1.6280 1.6380 1.6480 1.6580 1.6680 1.6780 1.6880 1.6980 1.7070 1.7170 1.7260 1.7350 1.7450 1.7540 1.7630 1.7720 1.7810 1.7890 1.7980 1.8070 1.8150 1.8240 1.8320 1.8410

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155







10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160

V (0.0436) 0.0440 0.0451 0.0461 0.0472 0.0482 0.0492 0.0502 0.0512 0.0522 0.0532 0.0541 0.0551 0.0561 0.0570 0.0580 0.0589 0.0599 0.0608 0.0618 0.0627 0.0636 0.0645 0.0655 0.0664 0.0673 0.0682 0.0691 0.0701 0.0710 0.0719 0.0728

400 (8.20°C) H (356.4) 357.6 360.8 364.1 367.3 370.6 373.8 377.1 380.3 383.6 386.9 390.2 393.5 396.9 400.2 403.6 406.9 410.3 413.7 417.2 420.6 424.0 427.5 431.0 434.5 438.0 441.5 445.0 448.5 452.1 455.7 459.2

V (0.0352) 0.0359 0.0368 0.0377 0.0385 0.0394 0.0402 0.0410 0.0418 0.0427 0.0435 0.0442 0.0450 0.0458 0.0466 0.0474 0.0481 0.0489 0.0497 0.0504 0.0512 0.0519 0.0527 0.0534 0.0542 0.0549 0.0557 0.0564 0.0572 0.0579 0.0586 0.0594

500 (15.65°C) H (359.6) 362.5 365.8 369.1 372.5 375.8 379.1 382.5 385.8 389.1 392.5 395.9 399.3 402.7 406.1 409.5 412.9 416.3 419.8 423.3 426.8 430.2 433.8 437.3 440.8 444.4 447.9 451.5 455.1 458.7 462.3 465.9

S (1.556) 1.5600 1.5720 1.5830 1.5940 1.6050 1.6150 1.6260 1.6360 1.6460 1.6560 1.6660 1.6760 1.6860 1.6960 1.7050 1.7150 1.7240 1.7330 1.7430 1.7520 1.7610 1.7700 1.7790 1.7880 1.7960 1.8050 1.8140 1.8220 1.8310 1.8390 1.8470

V (0.0411) 0.0421 0.0431 0.0441 0.0451 0.0461 0.0470 0.0480 0.0489 0.0498 0.0508 0.0517 0.0526 0.0535 0.0544 0.0553 0.0562 0.0571 0.0580 0.0589 0.0597 0.0606 0.0615 0.0624 0.0632 0.0641 0.0650 0.0658 0.0667 0.0676 0.0684

425 (10.18°C) H (357.3) 360.4 363.7 366.9 370.2 373.5 376.8 380.0 383.3 386.6 390.0 393.3 396.6 400.0 403.3 406.7 410.1 413.5 417.0 420.4 423.8 427.3 430.8 434.3 437.8 441.3 444.8 448.4 451.9 455.5 459.1

V (0.0335) 0.0340 0.0348 0.0357 0.0365 0.0373 0.0381 0.0389 0.0397 0.0405 0.0412 0.0420 0.0428 0.0435 0.0442 0.0450 0.0457 0.0465 0.0472 0.0479 0.0486 0.0494 0.0501 0.0508 0.0515 0.0522 0.0529 0.0536 0.0544 0.0551 0.0558 0.0565

525 (17.33°C) H (360.3) 362.1 365.4 368.8 372.1 375.5 378.8 382.2 385.5 388.9 392.2 395.6 399.0 402.4 405.8 409.3 412.7 416.1 419.6 423.1 426.6 430.1 433.6 437.1 440.6 444.2 447.8 451.3 454.9 458.5 462.1 465.8

S (1.555) 1.5660 1.5780 1.5890 1.6000 1.6100 1.6210 1.6310 1.6410 1.6520 1.6620 1.6720 1.6810 1.6910 1.7010 1.7100 1.7200 1.7290 1.7380 1.7470 1.7560 1.7650 1.7740 1.7830 1.7920 1.8010 1.8090 1.8180 1.8260 1.8340 1.8430

V (0.0389) 0.0395 0.0405 0.0414 0.0424 0.0433 0.0442 0.0451 0.0460 0.0469 0.0478 0.0486 0.0495 0.0504 0.0512 0.0521 0.0529 0.0538 0.0546 0.0555 0.0563 0.0571 0.0580 0.0588 0.0596 0.0604 0.0613 0.0621 0.0629 0.0637 0.0645

450 (12.08°C) H (358.1) 360.0 363.3 366.6 369.9 373.1 376.4 379.7 383.0 386.4 389.7 393.0 396.4 399.7 403.1 406.5 409.9 413.3 416.8 420.2 423.7 427.1 430.6 434.1 437.6 441.1 444.7 448.2 451.8 455.4 459.0

S (1.555) 1.5610 1.5730 1.5840 1.5950 1.6060 1.6160 1.6270 1.6370 1.6470 1.6570 1.6670 1.6770 1.6870 1.6960 1.7060 1.7150 1.7250 1.7340 1.7430 1.7520 1.7610 1.7700 1.7790 1.7880 1.7960 1.8050 1.8130 1.8220 1.8300 1.8390

V (0.0369) 0.0372 0.0381 0.0390 0.0399 0.0408 0.0417 0.0425 0.0434 0.0442 0.0451 0.0459 0.0467 0.0476 0.0484 0.0492 0.0500 0.0508 0.0516 0.0524 0.0532 0.0540 0.0548 0.0556 0.0564 0.0571 0.0579 0.0587 0.0595 0.0603 0.0610

475 (13.90°C) H (358.8) 359.6 362.9 366.2 369.5 372.8 376.1 379.4 382.7 386.1 389.4 392.8 396.1 399.5 402.9 406.3 409.7 413.1 416.5 420.0 423.5 426.9 430.4 433.9 437.4 441.0 444.5 448.1 451.6 455.2 458.8

V (0.0307) 0.0314 0.0322 0.0330 0.0337 0.0345 0.0352 0.0359 0.0366 0.0374 0.0381 0.0388 0.0395 0.0402 0.0408 0.0415 0.0422 0.0429 0.0436 0.0442 0.0449 0.0455 0.0462 0.0469 0.0475 0.0482 0.0488 0.0495 0.0501 0.0508 0.0514

575 (20.53°C) H (361.6) 364.6 368.0 371.4 374.8 378.2 381.6 384.9 388.3 391.7 395.1 398.5 401.9 405.4 408.8 412.3 415.7 419.2 422.7 426.2 429.7 433.2 436.8 440.3 443.9 447.4 451.0 454.6 458.2 461.8 465.5

Temp °C S (1.554) 1.5570 1.5680 1.5790 1.5900 1.6010 1.6120 1.6220 1.6330 1.6430 1.6530 1.6630 1.6730 1.6820 1.6920 1.7020 1.7110 1.7200 1.7300 1.7390 1.7480 1.7570 1.7660 1.7750 1.7840 1.7920 1.8010 1.8090 1.8180 1.8260 1.8350

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160


20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170

S (1.553) 1.5630 1.5750 1.5860 1.5970 1.6070 1.6180 1.6280 1.6390 1.6490 1.6590 1.6690 1.6780 1.6880 1.6980 1.7070 1.7170 1.7260 1.7350 1.7440 1.7530 1.7620 1.7710 1.7800 1.7880 1.7970 1.8060 1.8140 1.8230 1.8310 1.8390 1.8470

S (1.553) 1.5590 1.5700 1.5820 1.5930 1.6030 1.6140 1.6240 1.6350 1.6450 1.6550 1.6650 1.6750 1.6840 1.6940 1.7030 1.7130 1.7220 1.7310 1.7400 1.7490 1.7580 1.7670 1.7760 1.7850 1.7930 1.8020 1.8110 1.8190 1.8270 1.8360 1.8440

V (0.0320) 0.0322 0.0330 0.0339 0.0346 0.0354 0.0362 0.0370 0.0377 0.0385 0.0392 0.0399 0.0407 0.0414 0.0421 0.0428 0.0435 0.0442 0.0449 0.0456 0.0463 0.0470 0.0477 0.0484 0.0491 0.0498 0.0504 0.0511 0.0518 0.0525 0.0531 0.0538

550 (18.96°C) H (360.9) 361.6 365 368.4 371.8 375.1 378.5 381.9 385.2 388.6 392.0 395.4 398.8 402.2 405.6 409.0 412.5 415.9 419.4 422.9 426.4 429.9 433.4 436.9 440.5 444.0 447.6 451.2 454.8 458.4 462.0 465.6

S (1.552) 1.5550 1.5660 1.5780 1.5890 1.5990 1.6100 1.6200 1.6310 1.6410 1.6510 1.6610 1.6710 1.6810 1.6900 1.7000 1.7090 1.7180 1.7280 1.7370 1.7460 1.7550 1.7640 1.7730 1.7810 1.7900 1.7990 1.8070 1.8160 1.8240 1.8320 1.8400

Temp °C S (1.552) 1.5620 1.5740 1.5850 1.5960 1.6060 1.6170 1.6270 1.6370 1.6470 1.6570 1.6670 1.6770 1.6870 1.6960 1.7060 1.7150 1.7240 1.7330 1.7430 1.7520 1.7600 1.7690 1.7780 1.7870 1.7950 1.8040 1.8120 1.8210 1.8290 1.8370

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170







25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175

V (0.0294) 0.0299 0.0306 0.0314 0.0321 0.0329 0.0336 0.0343 0.0350 0.0357 0.0364 0.0370 0.0377 0.0384 0.0390 0.0397 0.0403 0.0410 0.0416 0.0423 0.0429 0.0436 0.0442 0.0448 0.0455 0.0461 0.0467 0.0473 0.0480 0.0486 0.0492 0.0498

600 (22.06°C) H (362.2) 364.2 367.6 371.1 374.5 377.9 381.2 384.6 388.0 391.4 394.9 398.3 401.7 405.1 408.6 412.1 415.5 419.0 422.5 426.0 429.5 433.0 436.6 440.1 443.7 447.3 450.9 454.5 458.1 461.7 465.3 469.0

V (0.0253) 0.0256 0.0263 0.0269 0.0276 0.0282 0.0289 0.0295 0.0301 0.0307 0.0313 0.0319 0.0325 0.0331 0.0336 0.0342 0.0348 0.0353 0.0359 0.0365 0.0370 0.0376 0.0381 0.0387 0.0392 0.0398 0.0403 0.0409 0.0414 0.0419 0.0425 0.0430

700 (27.72°C) H (364.4) 366.0 369.6 373.1 376.5 380.0 383.4 386.9 390.4 393.8 397.3 400.7 404.2 407.7 411.2 414.7 418.2 421.7 425.2 428.8 432.3 435.9 439.5 443.0 446.6 450.2 453.9 457.5 461.1 464.8 468.4 472.1

S (1.551) 1.5580 1.5700 1.5810 1.5920 1.6030 1.6130 1.6240 1.6340 1.6440 1.6540 1.6640 1.6740 1.6830 1.6930 1.7020 1.7120 1.7210 1.7300 1.7390 1.7480 1.7570 1.7660 1.7750 1.7830 1.7920 1.8010 1.8090 1.8170 1.8260 1.8340 1.8420

V (0.0283) 0.0285 0.0292 0.0300 0.0307 0.0314 0.0321 0.0328 0.0334 0.0341 0.0348 0.0354 0.0361 0.0367 0.0374 0.0380 0.0386 0.0393 0.0399 0.0405 0.0411 0.0417 0.0423 0.0430 0.0436 0.0442 0.0448 0.0454 0.0460 0.0466 0.0472 0.0478

625 (23.53°C) H (362.8) 363.8 367.3 370.7 374.1 377.5 380.9 384.3 387.8 391.2 394.6 398.0 401.5 404.9 408.4 411.8 415.3 418.8 422.3 425.8 429.3 432.9 436.4 440.0 443.5 447.1 450.7 454.3 457.9 461.6 465.2 468.8

V (0.0244) 0.0245 0.0252 0.0258 0.0265 0.0271 0.0277 0.0283 0.0289 0.0295 0.0301 0.0307 0.0313 0.0318 0.0324 0.0329 0.0335 0.0340 0.0346 0.0351 0.0357 0.0362 0.0368 0.0373 0.0378 0.0383 0.0389 0.0394 0.0399 0.0404 0.0410 0.0415

725 (29.04°C) H (364.9) 365.6 369.2 372.7 376.2 379.7 383.1 386.6 390.1 393.5 397.0 400.5 404.0 407.5 411.0 414.5 418.0 421.5 425.0 428.6 432.1 435.7 439.3 442.9 446.5 450.1 453.7 457.3 461.0 464.6 468.3 472.0

S (1.551) 1.5540 1.5660 1.5770 1.5880 1.5990 1.6100 1.6200 1.6300 1.6410 1.6510 1.6610 1.6700 1.6800 1.6900 1.6990 1.7090 1.7180 1.7270 1.7360 1.7450 1.7540 1.7630 1.7720 1.7800 1.7890 1.7980 1.8060 1.8140 1.8230 1.8310 1.8390

V (0.0272) 0.0272 0.0279 0.0286 0.0293 0.0300 0.0307 0.0314 0.0320 0.0327 0.0333 0.0339 0.0346 0.0352 0.0358 0.0364 0.0370 0.0376 0.0383 0.0389 0.0394 0.0400 0.0406 0.0412 0.0418 0.0424 0.0430 0.0436 0.0441 0.0447 0.0453 0.0459

650 (24.97°C) H (363.4) 363.4 366.9 370.3 373.8 377.2 380.6 384.0 387.5 390.9 394.3 397.8 401.2 404.7 408.1 411.6 415.1 418.6 422.1 425.6 429.1 432.7 436.2 439.8 443.4 447.0 450.6 454.2 457.8 461.4 465.0 468.7

S (1.551) 1.5510 1.5620 1.5740 1.5850 1.5960 1.6060 1.6170 1.6270 1.6370 1.6470 1.6570 1.6670 1.6770 1.6870 1.6960 1.7050 1.7150 1.7240 1.7330 1.7420 1.7510 1.7600 1.7690 1.7770 1.7860 1.7950 1.8030 1.8110 1.8200 1.8280 1.8360

V (0.0262) 0.0267 0.0274 0.0281 0.0288 0.0294 0.0301 0.0307 0.0313 0.0320 0.0326 0.0332 0.0338 0.0344 0.0350 0.0356 0.0362 0.0367 0.0373 0.0379 0.0385 0.0391 0.0396 0.0402 0.0408 0.0413 0.0419 0.0424 0.0430 0.0436 0.0441

675 (26.36°C) H (363.9) 366.5 369.9 373.4 376.9 380.3 383.7 387.2 390.6 394.1 397.5 401.0 404.4 407.9 411.4 414.9 418.4 421.9 425.4 429.0 432.5 436.1 439.6 443.2 446.8 450.4 454.0 457.6 461.3 464.9 468.6

V (0.0221) 0.0224 0.0230 0.0236 0.0242 0.0248 0.0253 0.0259 0.0264 0.0270 0.0275 0.0281 0.0286 0.0291 0.0296 0.0301 0.0306 0.0311 0.0316 0.0321 0.0326 0.0331 0.0336 0.0341 0.0346 0.0351 0.0355 0.0360 0.0365 0.0370 0.0374

800 (32.81°C) H (366.4) 368.0 371.6 375.1 378.7 382.2 385.7 389.2 392.7 396.2 399.7 403.3 406.8 410.3 413.8 417.4 420.9 424.5 428.0 431.6 435.2 438.8 442.4 446.0 449.6 453.2 456.9 460.5 464.2 467.9 471.6

Temp °C S (1.550) 1.5590 1.5700 1.5810 1.5920 1.6030 1.6140 1.6240 1.6340 1.6440 1.6540 1.6640 1.6740 1.6830 1.6930 1.7020 1.7120 1.7210 1.7300 1.7390 1.7480 1.7570 1.7660 1.7740 1.7830 1.7920 1.8000 1.8090 1.8170 1.8250 1.8330

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175


30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180

S (1.550) 1.5550 1.5670 1.5780 1.5890 1.6000 1.6100 1.6210 1.6310 1.6410 1.6510 1.6610 1.6710 1.6810 1.6900 1.7000 1.7090 1.7180 1.7270 1.7360 1.7450 1.7540 1.7630 1.7720 1.7800 1.7890 1.7970 1.8060 1.8140 1.8220 1.8310 1.8390

S (1.549) 1.5520 1.5630 1.5750 1.5860 1.5970 1.6070 1.6180 1.6280 1.6380 1.6480 1.6580 1.6680 1.6780 1.6870 1.6970 1.7060 1.7150 1.7240 1.7340 1.7430 1.7510 1.7600 1.7690 1.7780 1.7860 1.7950 1.8030 1.8120 1.8200 1.8280 1.8360

V (0.0236) 0.0242 0.0248 0.0255 0.0261 0.0267 0.0273 0.0279 0.0284 0.0290 0.0296 0.0301 0.0307 0.0312 0.0318 0.0323 0.0328 0.0334 0.0339 0.0344 0.0349 0.0355 0.0360 0.0365 0.0370 0.0375 0.0380 0.0385 0.0390 0.0395 0.0400

750 (30.32°C) H (365.4) 368.8 372.3 375.8 379.3 382.8 386.3 389.8 393.3 396.8 400.2 403.7 407.2 410.7 414.3 417.8 421.3 424.8 428.4 432.0 435.5 439.1 442.7 446.3 449.9 453.5 457.2 460.8 464.5 468.1 471.8

S (1.549) 1.5600 1.5710 1.5830 1.5940 1.6040 1.6150 1.6250 1.6350 1.6450 1.6550 1.6650 1.6750 1.6840 1.6940 1.7030 1.7130 1.7220 1.7310 1.7400 1.7490 1.7580 1.7660 1.7750 1.7840 1.7920 1.8010 1.8090 1.8170 1.8250 1.8340

Temp °C S (1.548) 1.5540 1.5650 1.5770 1.5880 1.5980 1.6090 1.6190 1.6300 1.6400 1.6500 1.6600 1.6700 1.6790 1.6890 1.6980 1.7070 1.7170 1.7260 1.7350 1.7440 1.7530 1.7610 1.7700 1.7790 1.7870 1.7960 1.8040 1.8120 1.8210 1.8290

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180







40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190

V (0.0208) 0.0214 0.0220 0.0225 0.0231 0.0236 0.0242 0.0247 0.0252 0.0257 0.0262 0.0267 0.0272 0.0277 0.0282 0.0287 0.0292 0.0296 0.0301 0.0306 0.0310 0.0315 0.0320 0.0324 0.0329 0.0333 0.0338 0.0343 0.0347 0.0352 0.0356 0.0360

850 (35.18°C) H (367.2) 370.8 374.4 378.0 381.5 385.1 388.6 392.2 395.7 399.2 402.8 406.3 409.8 413.4 416.9 420.5 424.1 427.6 431.2 434.8 438.4 442.0 445.7 449.3 452.9 456.6 460.2 463.9 467.6 471.3 475.0 478.7

V (0.0159) 0.0164 0.0169 0.0174 0.0178 0.0183 0.0187 0.0191 0.0196 0.0200 0.0204 0.0208 0.0212 0.0216 0.0220 0.0224 0.0228 0.0231 0.0235 0.0239 0.0243 0.0246 0.0250 0.0254 0.0257 0.0261 0.0265 0.0268 0.0272 0.0275

1100 (45.69°C) H (370.9) 374.2 378.1 381.8 385.5 389.2 392.9 396.6 400.2 403.9 407.5 411.1 414.8 418.4 422.1 425.7 429.3 433.0 436.7 440.3 444.0 447.7 451.4 455.0 458.7 462.5 466.2 469.9 473.6 477.4

900 (37.45°C) H (368.1) 370.0 373.6 377.3 380.9 384.5 388.0 391.6 395.2 398.7 402.3 405.8 409.4 412.9 416.5 420.1 423.7 427.3 430.9 434.5 438.1 441.7 445.3 449.0 452.6 456.3 459.9 463.6 467.3 471.0 474.7 478.4

S (1.548) 1.5590 1.5710 1.5820 1.5930 1.6040 1.6140 1.6240 1.6350 1.6450 1.6550 1.6640 1.6740 1.6840 1.6930 1.7030 1.7120 1.7210 1.7300 1.7390 1.7480 1.7570 1.7650 1.7740 1.7830 1.7910 1.7990 1.8080 1.8160 1.8240 1.8320 1.8400

V (0.0196) 0.0199 0.0205 0.0210 0.0216 0.0221 0.0226 0.0231 0.0236 0.0241 0.0246 0.0251 0.0256 0.0260 0.0265 0.0270 0.0274 0.0279 0.0283 0.0288 0.0292 0.0297 0.0301 0.0305 0.0310 0.0314 0.0318 0.0323 0.0327 0.0331 0.0335 0.0340

S (1.545) 1.5550 1.5670 1.5780 1.5900 1.6000 1.6110 1.6220 1.6320 1.6420 1.6520 1.6620 1.6710 1.6810 1.6900 1.7000 1.7090 1.7180 1.7270 1.7360 1.7450 1.7530 1.7620 1.7710 1.7790 1.7880 1.7960 1.8040 1.8120 1.8210

1200 (49.41°C) V H (0.01454) (372.1) 0.0146 372.5 0.0151 376.5 0.0156 380.4 0.0160 384.2 0.0164 388.0 0.0169 391.7 0.0173 395.5 0.0177 399.2 0.0181 402.9 0.0185 406.5 0.0188 410.2 0.0192 413.9 0.0196 417.6 0.0200 421.2 0.0203 424.9 0.0207 428.6 0.0210 432.2 0.0214 435.9 0.0217 439.6 0.0221 443.3 0.0224 447.0 0.0228 450.7 0.0231 454.4 0.0234 458.1 0.0238 461.9 0.0241 465.6 0.0244 469.3 0.0248 473.1 0.0251 476.8

S (1.547) 1.5530 1.5650 1.5760 1.5870 1.5980 1.6090 1.6190 1.6300 1.6400 1.6500 1.6600 1.6690 1.6790 1.6880 1.6980 1.7070 1.7160 1.7250 1.7340 1.7430 1.7520 1.7610 1.7690 1.7780 1.7870 1.7950 1.8030 1.8120 1.8200 1.8280 1.8360

V (0.0186) 0.0186 0.0192 0.0197 0.0202 0.0207 0.0212 0.0217 0.0222 0.0227 0.0232 0.0236 0.0241 0.0245 0.0250 0.0254 0.0258 0.0263 0.0267 0.0271 0.0276 0.0280 0.0284 0.0288 0.0292 0.0297 0.0301 0.0305 0.0309 0.0313 0.0317 0.0321

950 (39.62°C) H (368.8) 369.1 372.9 376.6 380.2 383.8 387.4 391.0 394.6 398.2 401.8 405.3 408.9 412.5 416.1 419.7 423.3 426.9 430.5 434.1 437.7 441.4 445.0 448.6 452.3 456.0 459.6 463.3 467.0 470.7 474.4 478.2

S (1.547) 1.5480 1.5590 1.5710 1.5820 1.5930 1.6040 1.6140 1.6250 1.6350 1.6450 1.6550 1.6650 1.6740 1.6840 1.6930 1.7030 1.7120 1.7210 1.7300 1.7390 1.7480 1.7570 1.7650 1.7740 1.7820 1.7910 1.7990 1.8070 1.8160 1.8240 1.8320

V (0.0176) 0.0180 0.0185 0.0190 0.0195 0.0200 0.0205 0.0209 0.0214 0.0218 0.0223 0.0227 0.0232 0.0236 0.0240 0.0244 0.0248 0.0253 0.0257 0.0261 0.0265 0.0269 0.0273 0.0277 0.0281 0.0285 0.0289 0.0293 0.0296 0.0300 0.0304

1000 (41.72°C) H (369.6) 372.1 375.8 379.5 383.2 386.8 390.4 394.1 397.7 401.3 404.9 408.5 412.1 415.7 419.3 422.9 426.5 430.1 433.7 437.4 441.0 444.7 448.3 452.0 455.7 459.3 463.0 466.7 470.5 474.2 477.9

V (0.0123) 0.0127 0.0131 0.0135 0.0139 0.0143 0.0147 0.0150 0.0154 0.0157 0.0161 0.0164 0.0167 0.0171 0.0174 0.0177 0.0180 0.0183 0.0186 0.0189 0.0192 0.0195 0.0198 0.0201 0.0204 0.0207 0.0210 0.0213

1400 (56.20°C) H (374.0) 377.2 381.3 385.3 389.2 393.1 396.9 400.7 404.5 408.3 412.0 415.8 419.5 423.2 427.0 430.7 434.4 438.2 441.9 445.7 449.4 453.2 456.9 460.7 464.4 468.2 472.0 475.8

Temp °C S (1.545) 1.5540 1.5660 1.5770 1.5880 1.5990 1.6100 1.6200 1.6300 1.6400 1.6500 1.6600 1.6700 1.6800 1.6890 1.6980 1.7080 1.7170 1.7260 1.7350 1.7440 1.7520 1.7610 1.7700 1.7780 1.7870 1.7950 1.8030 1.8120 1.8200 1.8280

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190


50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190

S (1.544) 1.5450 1.5580 1.5690 1.5810 1.5920 1.6030 1.6130 1.6240 1.6340 1.6440 1.6540 1.6640 1.6730 1.6830 1.6920 1.7010 1.7110 1.7200 1.7290 1.7380 1.7460 1.7550 1.7640 1.7720 1.7810 1.7890 1.7970 1.8060 1.8140

V (0.0134) 0.0136 0.0140 0.0145 0.0149 0.0153 0.0157 0.0161 0.0164 0.0168 0.0172 0.0175 0.0179 0.0182 0.0186 0.0189 0.0192 0.0196 0.0199 0.0202 0.0206 0.0209 0.0212 0.0215 0.0218 0.0221 0.0224 0.0228 0.0231

1300 (52.9°C) H (373.1) 374.8 378.9 382.8 386.7 390.5 394.3 398.1 401.8 405.5 409.3 413.0 416.7 420.4 424.1 427.8 431.5 435.2 438.9 442.6 446.3 450.1 453.8 457.5 461.3 465.0 468.8 472.5 476.3

S (1.543) 1.5480 1.5600 1.5720 1.5830 1.5940 1.6050 1.6160 1.6260 1.6360 1.6460 1.6560 1.6660 1.6760 1.6850 1.6950 1.7040 1.7130 1.7220 1.7310 1.7400 1.7480 1.7570 1.7660 1.7740 1.7830 1.7910 1.7990 1.8070

Temp °C S (1.542) 1.5510 1.5630 1.5750 1.5870 1.5980 1.6080 1.6190 1.6290 1.6390 1.6490 1.6590 1.6690 1.6790 1.6880 1.6970 1.7060 1.7160 1.7250 1.7330 1.7420 1.7510 1.7600 1.7680 1.7770 1.7850 1.7930 1.8010

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190







60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190

V (0.0114) 0.0115 0.0119 0.0123 0.0127 0.0131 0.0135 0.0138 0.0142 0.0145 0.0148 0.0151 0.0155 0.0158 0.0161 0.0164 0.0167 0.0170 0.0173 0.0176 0.0178 0.0181 0.0184 0.0187 0.0190 0.0192 0.0195 0.0198

1500 (59.33°C) H (374.9) 375.5 379.7 383.8 387.9 391.8 395.7 399.6 403.4 407.3 411.1 414.9 418.6 422.4 426.2 429.9 433.7 437.5 441.2 445.0 448.7 452.5 456.3 460.1 463.9 467.6 471.4 475.2

V (0.0087) 0.0091 0.0095 0.0098 0.0101 0.0105 0.0108 0.0111 0.0114 0.0116 0.0119 0.0122 0.0124 0.0127 0.0129 0.0132 0.0134 0.0137 0.0139 0.0142 0.0144 0.0146 0.0149 0.0151 0.0153

1900 (70.51°C) H (377.3) 381.6 386.1 390.4 394.7 398.8 402.9 407.0 410.9 414.9 418.8 422.8 426.7 430.5 434.4 438.3 442.2 446.0 449.9 453.7 457.6 461.4 465.3 469.2 473.0

S (1.541) 1.5420 1.5550 1.5670 1.5790 1.5900 1.6010 1.6120 1.6220 1.6330 1.6430 1.6530 1.6630 1.6720 1.6820 1.6910 1.7000 1.7100 1.7190 1.7280 1.7360 1.7450 1.7540 1.7620 1.7710 1.7790 1.7880 1.7960

V (0.0106) 0.0109 0.0113 0.0117 0.0120 0.0124 0.0127 0.0131 0.0134 0.0137 0.0140 0.0143 0.0146 0.0149 0.0152 0.0155 0.0158 0.0161 0.0163 0.0166 0.0169 0.0171 0.0174 0.0177 0.0179 0.0182 0.0185

1600 (62.32°C) H (375.6) 378.0 382.3 386.4 390.5 394.5 398.4 402.4 406.2 410.1 413.9 417.7 421.5 425.3 429.1 432.9 436.7 440.5 444.3 448.1 451.9 455.7 459.5 463.3 467.1 470.9 474.7

V (0.0082) 0.0084 0.0088 0.0091 0.0094 0.0098 0.0101 0.0104 0.0106 0.0109 0.0112 0.0114 0.0117 0.0119 0.0122 0.0124 0.0127 0.0129 0.0131 0.0134 0.0136 0.0138 0.0140 0.0143 0.0145

2000 (73.03°C) H (377.7) 379.7 384.4 388.9 393.3 397.6 401.7 405.8 409.9 413.9 417.9 421.9 425.8 429.7 433.6 437.5 441.4 445.3 449.2 453.1 457.0 460.8 464.7 468.6 472.5

S (1.540) 1.5470 1.5590 1.5710 1.5830 1.5940 1.6050 1.6160 1.6260 1.6360 1.6460 1.6560 1.6660 1.6760 1.6850 1.6950 1.7040 1.7130 1.7220 1.7310 1.7400 1.7480 1.7570 1.7650 1.7740 1.7820 1.7910

V (0.0099) 0.0103 0.0107 0.0111 0.0114 0.0118 0.0121 0.0124 0.0127 0.0130 0.0133 0.0136 0.0139 0.0142 0.0144 0.0147 0.0150 0.0153 0.0155 0.0158 0.0160 0.0163 0.0165 0.0168 0.0170 0.0173

1700 (65.16°C) H (376.3) 380.6 384.9 389.1 393.2 397.2 401.2 405.2 409.1 412.9 416.8 420.7 424.5 428.3 432.1 436.0 439.8 443.6 447.4 451.2 455.0 458.8 462.7 466.5 470.3 474.1

S (1.538) 1.5510 1.5640 1.5760 1.5870 1.5980 1.6090 1.6200 1.6300 1.6400 1.6500 1.6600 1.6700 1.6800 1.6890 1.6980 1.7070 1.7170 1.7250 1.7340 1.7430 1.7520 1.7600 1.7690 1.7770 1.7850

V (0.0093) 0.0095 0.0099 0.0102 0.0106 0.0109 0.0112 0.0116 0.0119 0.0121 0.0124 0.0127 0.0130 0.0133 0.0135 0.0138 0.0140 0.0143 0.0145 0.0148 0.0150 0.0153 0.0155 0.0158 0.0160 0.0162

1800 (67.98°C) H (376.8) 378.8 383.3 387.6 391.9 396.0 400.0 404.1 408.0 412.0 415.9 419.8 423.6 427.5 431.3 435.2 439.0 442.9 446.7 450.5 454.4 458.2 462.1 465.9 469.7 473.6

V (0.0065) 0.0068 0.0071 0.0075 0.0078 0.0081 0.0083 0.0086 0.0088 0.0091 0.0093 0.0095 0.0098 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0108 0.0110 0.0112 0.0114 0.0116 0.0118

2400 (82.25°C) H (378.6) 381.7 387.0 391.8 396.5 401.0 405.4 409.7 413.9 418.1 422.2 426.3 430.4 434.4 438.4 442.4 446.4 450.4 454.3 458.3 462.3 466.2 470.2

°C S (1.537) 1.5430 1.5560 1.5680 1.5800 1.5920 1.6030 1.6140 1.6240 1.6350 1.6450 1.6550 1.6640 1.6740 1.6840 1.6930 1.7020 1.7110 1.7200 1.7290 1.7380 1.7470 1.7550 1.7640 1.7720 1.7810

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190


75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190

S (1.536) 1.5480 1.5610 1.5740 1.5850 1.5970 1.6080 1.6180 1.6290 1.6390 1.6490 1.6590 1.6690 1.6780 1.6880 1.6970 1.7060 1.7150 1.7240 1.7330 1.7420 1.7510 1.7590 1.7680 1.7760

S (1.535) 1.5400 1.5540 1.5670 1.5790 1.5900 1.6020 1.6130 1.6230 1.6340 1.6440 1.6540 1.6640 1.6730 1.6830 1.6920 1.7020 1.7110 1.7200 1.7290 1.7370 1.7460 1.7550 1.7630 1.7720

V (0.0073) 0.0075 0.0079 0.0082 0.0085 0.0088 0.0091 0.0094 0.0096 0.0099 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0109 0.0111 0.0113 0.0115 0.0118 0.0120 0.0122 0.0124 0.0126 0.0128 0.0130

2200 (77.79°C) H (378.3) 380.6 385.6 390.3 394.9 399.2 403.5 407.7 411.9 416.0 420.0 424.0 428.0 432.0 436.0 439.9 443.9 447.8 451.7 455.7 459.6 463.5 467.4 471.3

S (1.532) 1.5390 1.5530 1.5660 1.5780 1.5900 1.6010 1.6120 1.6230 1.6340 1.6440 1.6540 1.6640 1.6730 1.6830 1.6920 1.7020 1.7110 1.7200 1.7290 1.7370 1.7460 1.7550 1.7630

Temp °C S (1.527) 1.5380 1.5520 1.5660 1.5780 1.5900 1.6020 1.6130 1.6240 1.6340 1.6440 1.6550 1.6640 1.6740 1.6840 1.6930 1.7020 1.7110 1.7200 1.7290 1.7380 1.7470 1.7550

75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190

l

TABLE 2 (continued) Freon®12 Superheated Vapour - Constant Pressure Tables 3

V = Volume in m /kg





90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190

V (0.0059) 0.0062 0.0065 0.0068 0.0071 0.0074 0.0077 0.0079 0.0082 0.0084 0.0086 0.0088 0.0090 0.0093 0.0095 0.0097 0.0098 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0108

2600 (86.43°C) H (378.6) 382.9 388.4 393.5 398.3 402.9 407.4 411.7 416.0 420.3 424.5 428.6 432.7 436.8 440.9 444.9 449.0 453.0 457.0 461.0 465.0 469.0

V (0.0038) 0.0043 0.0047 0.0050 0.0052 0.0055 0.0057 0.0059 0.0061 0.0063 0.0065 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0072 0.0074 0.0076 0.0077 0.0079

3400 (101.0°C) H (375.1) 382.6 389.8 395.9 401.4 406.6 411.5 416.3 421.0 425.5 430.0 434.4 438.7 443.0 447.3 451.5 455.8 459.9 464.1

S (1.526) 1.5380 1.5520 1.5660 1.5790 1.5910 1.6030 1.6140 1.6250 1.6350 1.6460 1.6560 1.6660 1.6750 1.6850 1.6940 1.7040 1.7130 1.7220 1.7310 1.7390 1.7480

V (0.0053) 0.0057 0.0060 0.0063 0.0066 0.0069 0.0071 0.0074 0.0076 0.0078 0.0080 0.0082 0.0084 0.0086 0.0088 0.0090 0.0092 0.0094 0.0095 0.0097 0.0099

2800 (90.37°C) H (378.3) 384.3 390.0 395.2 400.2 404.9 409.4 413.9 418.3 422.6 426.8 431.0 435.2 439.3 443.5 447.5 451.6 455.7 459.7 463.8 467.8

V (0.0034) 0.0035 0.0041 0.0044 0.0047 0.0050 0.0052 0.0054 0.0057 0.0058 0.0060 0.0062 0.0064 0.0066 0.0067 0.0069 0.0070 0.0072 0.0073

3600 (104.2°C) H (372.8) 375.1 384.9 392.0 398.2 403.8 409.0 414.0 418.8 423.5 428.1 432.6 437.1 441.5 445.8 450.1 454.4 458.6 462.8

S (1.522) 1.5380 1.5530 1.5670 1.5800 1.5920 1.6040 1.6150 1.6260 1.6370 1.6470 1.6570 1.6670 1.6770 1.6870 1.6960 1.7050 1.7140 1.7230 1.7320 1.7410

V (0.0048) 0.0048 0.0053 0.0056 0.0059 0.0062 0.0064 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0073 0.0075 0.0077 0.0079 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0086 0.0088 0.0090 0.0091

3000 (94.10°C) H (377.7) 379.1 385.9 391.8 397.1 402.2 407.0 411.6 416.2 420.6 425.0 429.3 433.5 437.7 441.9 446.1 450.2 454.3 458.4 462.5 466.6

S (1.517) 1.5210 1.5390 1.5550 1.5690 1.5820 1.5940 1.6060 1.6180 1.6280 1.6390 1.6490 1.6600 1.6690 1.6790 1.6890 1.6980 1.7070 1.7160 1.7250 1.7340

V (0.0043) 0.0045 0.0049 0.0053 0.0056 0.0058 0.0061 0.0063 0.0065 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0073 0.0075 0.0076 0.0078 0.0080 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085

3200 (97.63°C) H (376.6) 380.7 387.7 393.7 399.2 404.3 409.2 413.9 418.5 423.0 427.4 431.8 436.1 440.4 444.6 448.8 453.0 457.1 461.2 465.4

V (0.0025) 0.0034 0.0038 0.0041 0.0043 0.0046 0.0048 0.0050 0.0052 0.0054 0.0055 0.0057 0.0059 0.0060 0.0062 0.0063 0.0064

4000 (110.1°C) H (363.6) 381.5 390.2 397.2 403.3 408.9 414.2 419.3 424.2 428.9 433.6 438.2 442.7 447.1 451.5 455.9 460.2

Temp °C S (1.512) 1.5230 1.5420 1.5570 1.5710 1.5850 1.5970 1.6090 1.6200 1.6310 1.6420 1.6520 1.6620 1.6720 1.6820 1.6910 1.7010 1.7100 1.7190 1.7280

90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190


105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190

S (1.506) 1.5260 1.5440 1.5600 1.5740 1.5870 1.6000 1.6120 1.6230 1.6340 1.6450 1.6550 1.6650 1.6750 1.6850 1.6940 1.7030 1.7130 1.7220

S (1.498) 1.5040 1.5290 1.5480 1.5640 1.5780 1.5910 1.6030 1.6150 1.6260 1.6370 1.6480 1.6580 1.6680 1.6780 1.6880 1.6970 1.7060 1.7160

V (0.0030) 0.0034 0.0039 0.0042 0.0045 0.0048 0.0050 0.0052 0.0054 0.0056 0.0058 0.0059 0.0061 0.0063 0.0064 0.0066 0.0067 0.0069

3800 (107.2°C) H (369.5) 378.2 387.4 394.5 400.6 406.3 411.5 416.6 421.4 426.2 430.8 435.4 439.8 444.3 448.6 453.0 457.3 461.5

S (1.487) 1.5100 1.5340 1.5520 1.5680 1.5820 1.5950 1.6070 1.6190 1.6300 1.6410 1.6510 1.6620 1.6720 1.6810 1.6910 1.7000 1.7100

Temp °C S (1.470) 1.5170 1.5390 1.5570 1.5720 1.5860 1.5990 1.6110 1.6220 1.6340 1.6450 1.6550 1.6650 1.6750 1.6850 1.6950 1.7040

105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190

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l

T-22 SI



®


l

Thermodynamic Properties of R-22 Refrigerant (CHClF 2) SI Units Tables of the thermodynamic properties of R-22 have been developed and are presented here. This information is based on values calculated using the NIST REFPROP Database (McLinden, M.O., Klein, S.A., Lemmon, E.W., and Peskin, A.P., NIST Standard Reference Database 23, NIST thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures – REFPROP version 6.01, Standard Reference Data Program, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998.

Units P = Pressure in kPa. Absolute T = Temperature in Celcius Vf = Fluid (liquid) specific volume in cubic meters per kilogram Vg = Vapour (gas) specific volume in cubic meters per kilogram h = Enthalpy (kJ/kg) s = Entropy (kJ/kg.K)


CHClF2

Molecular mass

86.47


-40.81°C


96.15°C

Critical Pressure

4990 kPa

Critical Density

523.8 kg/m3

Critical Volume

0.0019 m 3 /kg

l TABLE 1 ®

FREON 22 Saturation Properties - Temperature Table Temp °C

-100 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -80 -79 -78 -77 -76 -75 -74 -73 -72 -71 -70 -69 -68 -67 -66 -65 -64 -63 -62 -61 -60 -59 -58 -57 -56 -55 -54 -53 -52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47

Pressure [kPa]

2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.7 6.1 6.6 7.2 7.7 8.3 9.0 9.6 10.4 11.1 12.0 12.8 13.8 14.7 15.8 16.8 18.0 19.2 20.5 21.8 23.2 24.7 26.3 27.9 29.7 31.5 33.4 35.4 37.5 39.7 42.0 44.4 46.9 49.6 52.3 55.2 58.2 61.3 64.5 67.9 71.5 75.1



0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

1571.0 1569.0 1566.0 1563.0 1561.0 1558.0 1555.0 1553.0 1550.0 1548.0 1545.0 1542.0 1540.0 1537.0 1534.0 1532.0 1529.0 1526.0 1524.0 1521.0 1518.0 1516.0 1513.0 1510.0 1507.0 1505.0 1502.0 1499.0 1497.0 1494.0 1491.0 1488.0 1486.0 1483.0 1480.0 1477.0 1475.0 1472.0 1469.0 1466.0 1464.0 1461.0 1458.0 1455.0 1453.0 1450.0 1447.0 1444.0 1441.0 1438.0 1436.0 1433.0 1430.0 1427.0

8.2660 7.5770 6.9540 6.3900 5.8780 5.4130 4.9910 4.6060 4.2560 3.9370 3.6450 3.3780 3.1340 2.9100 2.7050 2.5170 2.3440 2.1840 2.0380 1.9030 1.7780 1.6630 1.5570 1.4580 1.3670 1.2830 1.2050 1.1320 1.0650 1.0020 0.9434 0.8891 0.8384 0.7912 0.7471 0.7060 0.6675 0.6315 0.5979 0.5664 0.5368 0.5091 0.4831 0.4587 0.4357 0.4142 0.3939 0.3748 0.3568 0.3398 0.3238 0.3088 0.2945 0.2811

0.121 0.132 0.144 0.157 0.170 0.185 0.200 0.217 0.235 0.254 0.274 0.296 0.319 0.344 0.370 0.397 0.427 0.458 0.491 0.526 0.562 0.601 0.642 0.686 0.731 0.780 0.830 0.883 0.939 0.998 1.060 1.125 1.193 1.264 1.338 1.416 1.498 1.583 1.673 1.766 1.863 1.964 2.070 2.180 2.295 2.414 2.539 2.668 2.803 2.943 3.088 3.239 3.395 3.558

Liquid Hf


Vapour Hg

90.7 91.8 92.8 93.9 95.0 96.0 97.1 98.1 99.2 100.3 101.3 102.4 103.4 104.5 105.6 106.6 107.7 108.7 109.8 110.9 111.9 113.0 114.1 115.1 116.2 117.3 118.3 119.4 120.4 121.5 122.6 123.6 124.7 125.8 126.8 127.9 129.0 130.1 131.1 132.2 133.3 134.3 135.4 136.5 137.6 138.6 139.7 140.8 141.9 142.9 144.0 145.1 146.2 147.3

268.3 267.7 267.1 266.5 266.0 265.4 264.8 264.3 263.7 263.1 262.6 261.9 261.4 260.8 260.2 259.7 259.1 258.6 258.0 257.4 256.9 256.3 255.7 255.2 254.5 253.9 253.4 252.8 252.3 251.7 251.1 250.6 250.0 249.4 248.9 248.3 247.6 247.0 246.5 245.9 245.3 244.8 244.2 243.5 242.9 242.4 241.8 241.2 240.6 240.0 239.4 238.8 238.2 237.5

359.0 359.5 359.9 360.4 360.9 361.4 361.9 362.4 362.9 363.4 363.9 364.3 364.8 365.3 365.8 366.3 366.8 367.3 367.8 368.3 368.8 369.3 369.8 370.3 370.7 371.2 371.7 372.2 372.7 373.2 373.7 374.2 374.7 375.2 375.7 376.2 376.6 377.1 377.6 378.1 378.6 379.1 379.6 380.0 380.5 381.0 381.5 382.0 382.5 382.9 383.4 383.9 384.4 384.8


2.054 2.048 2.042 2.036 2.031 2.025 2.019 2.014 2.009 2.003 1.998 1.993 1.988 1.983 1.978 1.973 1.969 1.964 1.960 1.955 1.951 1.946 1.942 1.938 1.934 1.930 1.926 1.922 1.918 1.915 1.911 1.907 1.904 1.900 1.897 1.893 1.890 1.887 1.883 1.880 1.877 1.874 1.871 1.868 1.865 1.862 1.859 1.856 1.853 1.851 1.848 1.845 1.843 1.840

Temp °C

-100 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -80 -79 -78 -77 -76 -75 -74 -73 -72 -71 -70 -69 -68 -67 -66 -65 -64 -63 -62 -61 -60 -59 -58 -57 -56 -55 -54 -53 -52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47



-46 -45 -44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39 -38 -37 -36 -35 -34 -33 -32 -31 -30 -29 -28 -27 -26 -25 -24 -23 -22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Pressure [kPa]

78.9 82.9 87.1 91.3 95.8 100.4 105.2 110.2 115.4 120.7 126.3 132.0 138.0 144.1 150.5 157.1 163.9 170.9 178.2 185.7 193.4 201.4 209.7 218.2 227.0 236.0 245.3 254.9 264.8 275.0 285.4 296.2 307.3 318.7 330.4 342.4 354.8 367.5 380.5 393.9 407.7 421.8 436.3 451.1 466.4 482.0 498.0 514.4 531.2 548.4 566.1 584.1 602.6 621.5



0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

1424.0 1421.0 1418.0 1416.0 1413.0 1410.0 1407.0 1404.0 1401.0 1398.0 1395.0 1392.0 1389.0 1386.0 1383.0 1380.0 1377.0 1374.0 1371.0 1368.0 1365.0 1362.0 1359.0 1356.0 1353.0 1350.0 1347.0 1343.0 1340.0 1337.0 1334.0 1331.0 1328.0 1324.0 1321.0 1318.0 1315.0 1311.0 1308.0 1305.0 1302.0 1298.0 1295.0 1292.0 1288.0 1285.0 1282.0 1278.0 1275.0 1271.0 1268.0 1264.0 1261.0 1257.0

0.2684 0.2563 0.2450 0.2342 0.2240 0.2144 0.2052 0.1965 0.1883 0.1805 0.1730 0.1660 0.1593 0.1529 0.1468 0.1410 0.1355 0.1303 0.1253 0.1205 0.1160 0.1116 0.1075 0.1035 0.0998 0.0961 0.0927 0.0894 0.0862 0.0832 0.0803 0.0775 0.0749 0.0723 0.0699 0.0675 0.0653 0.0631 0.0610 0.0590 0.0571 0.0553 0.0535 0.0518 0.0502 0.0486 0.0471 0.0457 0.0442 0.0429 0.0416 0.0403 0.0391 0.0380

3.726 3.901 4.082 4.270 4.464 4.665 4.873 5.088 5.311 5.541 5.779 6.025 6.279 6.541 6.811 7.090 7.379 7.676 7.982 8.298 8.623 8.958 9.304 9.659 10.030 10.400 10.790 11.190 11.600 12.020 12.450 12.900 13.360 13.830 14.310 14.810 15.320 15.850 16.380 16.940 17.500 18.090 18.680 19.300 19.920 20.570 21.230 21.910 22.600 23.310 24.040 24.790 25.560 26.340

Liquid Hf


Vapour Hg

148.4 149.4 150.5 151.6 152.7 153.8 154.9 156.0 157.1 158.2 159.3 160.4 161.5 162.6 163.7 164.8 165.9 167.0 168.1 169.2 170.3 171.4 172.6 173.7 174.8 175.9 177.0 178.2 179.3 180.4 181.6 182.7 183.8 185.0 186.1 187.3 188.4 189.6 190.7 191.9 193.0 194.2 195.3 196.5 197.7 198.8 200.0 201.2 202.4 203.5 204.7 205.9 207.1 208.3

236.9 236.4 235.8 235.1 234.5 233.9 233.2 232.6 232.0 231.3 230.7 230.0 229.4 228.7 228.1 227.4 226.8 226.1 225.5 224.8 224.2 223.5 222.7 222.1 221.4 220.7 220.1 219.3 218.6 217.9 217.1 216.5 215.8 215.0 214.3 213.5 212.8 212.0 211.3 210.5 209.8 209.0 208.2 207.4 206.6 205.9 205.0 204.2 203.4 202.6 201.8 200.9 200.1 199.2

385.3 385.8 386.3 386.7 387.2 387.7 388.1 388.6 389.1 389.5 390.0 390.4 390.9 391.3 391.8 392.2 392.7 393.1 393.6 394.0 394.5 394.9 395.3 395.8 396.2 396.6 397.1 397.5 397.9 398.3 398.7 399.2 399.6 400.0 400.4 400.8 401.2 401.6 402.0 402.4 402.8 403.2 403.5 403.9 404.3 404.7 405.0 405.4 405.8 406.1 406.5 406.8 407.2 407.5


1.838 1.835 1.833 1.830 1.828 1.825 1.823 1.821 1.819 1.816 1.814 1.812 1.810 1.808 1.806 1.804 1.802 1.800 1.798 1.796 1.794 1.792 1.790 1.788 1.786 1.784 1.783 1.781 1.779 1.777 1.776 1.774 1.772 1.771 1.769 1.767 1.766 1.764 1.763 1.761 1.760 1.758 1.757 1.755 1.754 1.752 1.751 1.749 1.748 1.746 1.745 1.744 1.742 1.741

Temp °C

-46 -45 -44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39 -38 -37 -36 -35 -34 -33 -32 -31 -30 -29 -28 -27 -26 -25 -24 -23 -22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7



8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

Pressure [kPa]

640.9 660.7 680.9 701.7 722.9 744.5 766.7 789.3 812.4 836.1 860.2 884.8 910.0 935.7 961.9 988.7 1016.0 1044.0 1072.0 1101.0 1131.0 1161.0 1192.0 1223.0 1255.0 1288.0 1321.0 1355.0 1389.0 1424.0 1460.0 1497.0 1534.0 1571.0 1610.0 1649.0 1689.0 1729.0 1770.0 1812.0 1855.0 1899.0 1943.0 1988.0 2033.0 2080.0 2127.0 2175.0 2224.0 2274.0 2324.0 2375.0 2427.0 2480.0



0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

1254.0 1250.0 1247.0 1243.0 1239.0 1236.0 1232.0 1229.0 1225.0 1221.0 1217.0 1214.0 1210.0 1206.0 1202.0 1198.0 1195.0 1191.0 1187.0 1183.0 1179.0 1175.0 1171.0 1167.0 1163.0 1158.0 1154.0 1150.0 1146.0 1142.0 1137.0 1133.0 1129.0 1124.0 1120.0 1115.0 1111.0 1106.0 1101.0 1097.0 1092.0 1087.0 1082.0 1077.0 1072.0 1067.0 1062.0 1057.0 1052.0 1047.0 1041.0 1036.0 1030.0 1025.0

0.0368 0.0358 0.0347 0.0337 0.0327 0.0318 0.0309 0.0300 0.0291 0.0283 0.0275 0.0267 0.0260 0.0253 0.0246 0.0239 0.0232 0.0226 0.0220 0.0214 0.0208 0.0203 0.0197 0.0192 0.0187 0.0182 0.0177 0.0172 0.0168 0.0164 0.0159 0.0155 0.0151 0.0147 0.0143 0.0140 0.0136 0.0133 0.0129 0.0126 0.0123 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110 0.0108 0.0105 0.0102 0.0100 0.0097 0.0094 0.0092 0.0090 0.0087

27.150 27.970 28.820 29.690 30.570 31.480 32.410 33.360 34.340 35.340 36.360 37.410 38.480 39.570 40.700 41.850 43.030 44.230 45.470 46.730 48.020 49.350 50.700 52.090 53.520 54.970 56.460 57.990 59.550 61.150 62.790 64.470 66.190 67.960 69.760 71.610 73.510 75.460 77.450 79.500 81.590 83.740 85.950 88.220 90.540 92.930 95.380 97.900 100.500 103.100 105.900 108.700 111.600 114.600

Liquid Hf


Vapour Hg

209.5 210.7 211.9 213.1 214.3 215.5 216.7 217.9 219.1 220.4 221.6 222.8 224.1 225.3 226.5 227.8 229.0 230.3 231.5 232.8 234.1 235.3 236.6 237.9 239.2 240.5 241.8 243.1 244.4 245.7 247.0 248.3 249.6 251.0 252.3 253.7 255.0 256.4 257.7 259.1 260.5 261.9 263.2 264.6 266.0 267.5 268.9 270.3 271.8 273.2 274.7 276.1 277.6 279.1

198.4 197.5 196.7 195.8 194.9 194.0 193.2 192.3 191.4 190.4 189.5 188.6 187.6 186.6 185.7 184.7 183.8 182.7 181.8 180.7 179.7 178.7 177.7 176.6 175.5 174.4 173.3 172.2 171.1 170.0 168.9 167.8 166.6 165.4 164.3 163.0 161.8 160.6 159.4 158.1 156.8 155.5 154.2 152.9 151.6 150.1 148.7 147.4 145.9 144.5 142.9 141.5 139.9 138.4

407.9 408.2 408.6 408.9 409.2 409.5 409.9 410.2 410.5 410.8 411.1 411.4 411.7 411.9 412.2 412.5 412.8 413.0 413.3 413.5 413.8 414.0 414.3 414.5 414.7 414.9 415.1 415.3 415.5 415.7 415.9 416.1 416.2 416.4 416.6 416.7 416.8 417.0 417.1 417.2 417.3 417.4 417.4 417.5 417.6 417.6 417.6 417.7 417.7 417.7 417.6 417.6 417.5 417.5


1.739 1.738 1.737 1.735 1.734 1.733 1.732 1.730 1.729 1.728 1.726 1.725 1.724 1.722 1.721 1.720 1.719 1.717 1.716 1.715 1.714 1.712 1.711 1.710 1.709 1.707 1.706 1.705 1.704 1.702 1.701 1.700 1.698 1.697 1.696 1.695 1.693 1.692 1.691 1.689 1.688 1.687 1.685 1.684 1.682 1.681 1.680 1.678 1.677 1.675 1.674 1.672 1.670 1.669

Temp °C

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61



62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95

Pressure [kPa]

2534.0 2589.0 2645.0 2701.0 2759.0 2817.0 2876.0 2936.0 2997.0 3059.0 3123.0 3187.0 3252.0 3318.0 3385.0 3453.0 3522.0 3592.0 3664.0 3736.0 3810.0 3885.0 3961.0 4038.0 4116.0 4196.0 4277.0 4359.0 4442.0 4527.0 4614.0 4702.0 4791.0 4882.0



0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0014 0.0014 0.0015

1019.0 1013.0 1007.0 1001.0 995.3 989.1 982.8 976.3 969.7 963.0 956.1 949.0 941.8 934.4 926.7 918.9 910.8 902.4 893.7 884.8 875.4 865.7 855.5 844.8 833.5 821.6 808.8 795.1 780.1 763.6 745.1 723.7 697.8 662.9

0.0085 0.0083 0.0081 0.0079 0.0076 0.0074 0.0072 0.0070 0.0069 0.0067 0.0065 0.0063 0.0061 0.0060 0.0058 0.0056 0.0054 0.0053 0.0051 0.0050 0.0048 0.0047 0.0045 0.0043 0.0042 0.0040 0.0039 0.0037 0.0036 0.0034 0.0032 0.0031 0.0029 0.0026

117.600 120.800 124.100 127.400 130.900 134.500 138.200 142.000 146.000 150.100 154.400 158.800 163.400 168.200 173.100 178.300 183.800 189.400 195.400 201.700 208.300 215.300 222.700 230.600 239.000 248.100 257.900 268.700 280.600 294.000 309.300 327.500 350.200 382.000

Liquid Hf


Vapour Hg

280.6 282.1 283.6 285.2 286.7 288.3 289.9 291.5 293.1 294.7 296.4 298.0 299.7 301.5 303.2 305.0 306.8 308.6 310.4 312.3 314.3 316.3 318.3 320.4 322.5 324.8 327.1 329.5 332.1 334.8 337.8 341.0 344.8 349.6

136.8 135.2 133.6 131.9 130.2 128.4 126.6 124.8 123.0 121.1 119.1 117.2 115.2 113.0 110.9 108.6 106.3 104.0 101.6 99.1 96.4 93.6 90.8 87.8 84.7 81.3 77.7 73.9 69.8 65.3 60.1 54.3 47.2 37.7

417.4 417.3 417.2 417.1 416.9 416.7 416.5 416.3 416.1 415.8 415.5 415.2 414.9 414.5 414.1 413.6 413.1 412.6 412.0 411.4 410.7 409.9 409.1 408.2 407.2 406.1 404.8 403.4 401.9 400.1 397.9 395.3 392.0 387.3

Entropy [kJ/K-kg] Liquid Vapour Sf Sg 1.259 1.263 1.268 1.272 1.277 1.281 1.285 1.290 1.295 1.299 1.304 1.308 1.313 1.318 1.323 1.327 1.332 1.337 1.342 1.347 1.353 1.358 1.363 1.369 1.375 1.381 1.387 1.393 1.400 1.407 1.415 1.424 1.434 1.446

1.667 1.666 1.664 1.662 1.660 1.659 1.657 1.655 1.653 1.651 1.649 1.647 1.645 1.642 1.640 1.638 1.635 1.633 1.630 1.627 1.624 1.621 1.618 1.614 1.610 1.606 1.602 1.597 1.592 1.586 1.580 1.572 1.562 1.549

Temp °C

l TABLE 2 ®






-80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

10 (-80.51°C) V H (1.8400) (368.5) 1.8450 368.8 1.8940 371.4 1.9430 374.1 1.9910 376.8 2.0400 379.6 2.0890 382.3 2.1370 385.1 2.1860 388.0 2.2340 390.8 2.2830 393.7 2.3310 396.6 2.3800 399.5 2.4280 402.5 2.4760 405.5 2.5250 408.6 2.5730 411.6 2.6210 414.7 2.6700 417.8 2.7180 421.0 2.7660 424.2 2.8150 427.4 2.8630 430.6 2.9110 433.9 2.9590 437.2 3.0080 440.5 3.0560 443.9 3.1040 447.2 3.1520 450.7 3.2000 454.1 3.2490 457.6 3.2970 461.1

S (1.953) 1.954 1.968 1.981 1.994 2.007 2.020 2.033 2.045 2.058 2.070 2.082 2.094 2.106 2.118 2.129 2.141 2.152 2.164 2.175 2.186 2.197 2.208 2.219 2.230 2.240 2.251 2.262 2.272 2.282 2.293 2.303

20 (-70.36°C) V H (0.9640) (373.5) 0.9658 373.7 0.9905 376.5 1.0150 379.2 1.0400 382.0 1.0640 384.8 1.0890 387.7 1.1130 390.5 1.1380 393.4 1.1620 396.4 1.1870 399.3 1.2110 402.3 1.2350 405.3 1.2600 408.4 1.2840 411.4 1.3080 414.5 1.3320 417.7 1.3570 420.8 1.3810 424.0 1.4050 427.2 1.4290 430.5 1.4540 433.8 1.4780 437.1 1.5020 440.4 1.5260 443.7 1.5500 447.1 1.5740 450.6 1.5990 454.0 1.6230 457.5 1.6470 461.0

S (1.861) 1.874 1.887 1.900 1.912 1.924 1.937 1.949 1.961 1.972 1.984 1.996 2.007 2.019 2.030 2.041 2.052 2.063 2.074 2.085 2.095 2.106 2.116 2.127 2.137 2.147 2.158 2.168 2.178 2.188 2.198 2.208

60 (-51.40°C) V H (0.3466) (382.7) 0.3490 383.6 0.3575 386.5 0.3660 389.4 0.3744 392.4 0.3828 395.4 0.3912 398.4 0.3995 401.4 0.4078 404.5 0.4161 407.6 0.4244 410.7 0.4326 413.8 0.4409 417.0 0.4491 420.2 0.4573 423.4 0.4655 426.6 0.4737 429.9 0.4819 433.2 0.4900 436.5 0.4982 439.9 0.5064 443.3 0.5145 446.7 0.5226 450.1 0.5308 453.6 0.5389 457.1 0.5470 460.6 0.5551 464.1 0.5632 467.7 0.5713 471.3 0.5794 474.9 0.5875 478.6 0.5956 482.2

S (1.912) 1.913 1.926 1.940 1.952 1.965 1.978 1.990 2.003 2.015 2.027 2.039 2.051 2.062 2.074 2.085 2.097 2.108 2.119 2.130 2.141 2.152 2.163 2.173 2.184 2.195 2.205 2.216 2.226 2.236

30 (-63.82°C) V H (0.6608) (376.7) 0.6736 378.9 0.6902 381.7 0.7067 384.5 0.7232 387.4 0.7397 390.3 0.7561 393.2 0.7725 396.1 0.7889 399.1 0.8053 402.1 0.8216 405.1 0.8379 408.2 0.8542 411.3 0.8704 414.4 0.8867 417.5 0.9029 420.7 0.9191 423.9 0.9353 427.1 0.9515 430.3 0.9677 433.6 0.9839 436.9 1.0000 440.3 1.0160 443.6 1.0320 447.0 1.0490 450.4 1.0650 453.9 1.0810 457.4 1.0970 460.9

S (1.889) 1.899 1.912 1.925 1.938 1.950 1.963 1.975 1.987 1.999 2.011 2.023 2.034 2.046 2.057 2.068 2.080 2.091 2.102 2.113 2.123 2.134 2.145 2.155 2.166 2.176 2.187 2.197

40 (-58.87°C) V H (0.5056) (379.1) 0.5153 381.3 0.5279 384.2 0.5404 387.1 0.5528 390.0 0.5653 392.9 0.5777 395.9 0.5900 398.9 0.6024 401.9 0.6147 404.9 0.6270 408.0 0.6393 411.1 0.6515 414.2 0.6638 417.3 0.6760 420.5 0.6882 423.7 0.7004 426.9 0.7126 430.2 0.7248 433.5 0.7370 436.8 0.7491 440.1 0.7613 443.5 0.7734 446.9 0.7856 450.3 0.7977 453.8 0.8099 457.3 0.8220 460.8

S (1.844) 1.853 1.866 1.878 1.891 1.903 1.915 1.927 1.939 1.951 1.962 1.974 1.985 1.997 2.008 2.019 2.030 2.041 2.052 2.062 2.073 2.083 2.094 2.104 2.115 2.125 2.135 2.145 2.155 2.165 2.175

80 (-45.73°C) V H (0.2651) (385.4) 0.2660 385.9 0.2725 388.9 0.2789 391.9 0.2853 394.9 0.2917 397.9 0.2980 401.0 0.3044 404.1 0.3107 407.2 0.3169 410.3 0.3232 413.5 0.3294 416.6 0.3356 419.9 0.3419 423.1 0.3481 426.3 0.3542 429.6 0.3604 432.9 0.3666 436.3 0.3727 439.6 0.3789 443.0 0.3850 446.4 0.3912 449.9 0.3973 453.4 0.4034 456.8 0.4095 460.4 0.4156 463.9 0.4217 467.5 0.4278 471.1 0.4339 474.7 0.4400 478.4 0.4461 482.0

Temp °C S (1.873) 1.884 1.897 1.909 1.922 1.934 1.947 1.959 1.971 1.983 1.994 2.006 2.018 2.029 2.040 2.052 2.063 2.074 2.085 2.095 2.106 2.117 2.128 2.138 2.148 2.159 2.169

-80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70


-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

50 (-54.83°C) V H (0.4107) (381.1) 0.4205 383.9 0.4307 386.8 0.4407 389.7 0.4508 392.7 0.4607 395.6 0.4707 398.6 0.4807 401.7 0.4906 404.7 0.5005 407.8 0.5103 410.9 0.5202 414.0 0.5300 417.2 0.5399 420.3 0.5497 423.6 0.5595 426.8 0.5693 430.1 0.5790 433.3 0.5888 436.7 0.5986 440.0 0.6083 443.4 0.6181 446.8 0.6278 450.2 0.6376 453.7 0.6473 457.2 0.6570 460.7 0.6667 464.2 0.6764 467.8 0.6861 471.4 0.6958 475.0 0.7055 478.7 0.7152 482.3

S (1.852) 1.856 1.868 1.881 1.894 1.906 1.918 1.931 1.943 1.954 1.966 1.978 1.989 2.001 2.012 2.023 2.034 2.045 2.056 2.067 2.077 2.088 2.099 2.109 2.119 2.130 2.140 2.150 2.160 2.170 2.180 2.190

70 (-48.41°C) V H (0.3002) (384.2) 0.3052 386.2 0.3126 389.1 0.3198 392.1 0.3271 395.1 0.3343 398.2 0.3415 401.2 0.3487 404.3 0.3559 407.4 0.3630 410.5 0.3701 413.6 0.3772 416.8 0.3843 420.0 0.3913 423.2 0.3984 426.5 0.4054 429.8 0.4125 433.1 0.4195 436.4 0.4265 439.8 0.4335 443.1 0.4405 446.6 0.4475 450.0 0.4545 453.5 0.4615 456.9 0.4684 460.5 0.4754 464.0 0.4824 467.6 0.4893 471.2 0.4963 474.8 0.5033 478.5 0.5102 482.1

Temp °C S (1.837) 1.839 1.852 1.865 1.877 1.889 1.902 1.914 1.926 1.937 1.949 1.961 1.972 1.983 1.995 2.006 2.017 2.028 2.038 2.049 2.060 2.070 2.081 2.091 2.102 2.112 2.122 2.132 2.142 2.152 2.162

-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100



Temp °C

-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

90 (-43.31°C) V H (0.2375) (386.6) 0.2413 388.6 0.2471 391.6 0.2528 394.6 0.2585 397.7 0.2642 400.8 0.2699 403.9 0.2755 407.0 0.2811 410.1 0.2867 413.3 0.2923 416.5 0.2978 419.7 0.3034 422.9 0.3089 426.2 0.3144 429.5 0.3199 432.8 0.3254 436.1 0.3309 439.5 0.3364 442.9 0.3419 446.3 0.3473 449.8 0.3528 453.2 0.3582 456.7 0.3637 460.3 0.3691 463.8 0.3746 467.4 0.3800 471.0 0.3854 474.6 0.3909 478.3 0.3963 482.0 0.4017 485.7 0.4071 489.4


S (1.831) 1.840 1.852 1.865 1.877 1.890 1.902 1.914 1.926 1.937 1.949 1.960 1.972 1.983 1.994 2.005 2.016 2.027 2.038 2.048 2.059 2.069 2.080 2.090 2.100 2.111 2.121 2.131 2.141 2.151 2.161 2.170

100 (-41.09°C) V H (0.2152) (387.6) 0.2164 388.3 0.2216 391.3 0.2268 394.4 0.2320 397.4 0.2372 400.5 0.2423 403.6 0.2474 406.8 0.2524 409.9 0.2575 413.1 0.2625 416.3 0.2676 419.5 0.2726 422.8 0.2776 426.0 0.2826 429.3 0.2875 432.7 0.2925 436.0 0.2974 439.4 0.3024 442.8 0.3073 446.2 0.3123 449.7 0.3172 453.1 0.3221 456.6 0.3270 460.2 0.3319 463.7 0.3368 467.3 0.3417 470.9 0.3466 474.5 0.3515 478.2 0.3564 481.9 0.3613 485.6 0.3662 489.3

S (1.817) 1.822 1.835 1.848 1.860 1.872 1.884 1.896 1.908 1.920 1.931 1.943 1.954 1.965 1.976 1.987 1.998 2.009 2.020 2.030 2.041 2.051 2.062 2.072 2.082 2.093 2.103 2.113 2.123 2.132 2.142 2.152

130 (-35.35°C) V H (0.1684) (390.3) 0.1687 390.5 0.1728 393.6 0.1769 396.7 0.1809 399.8 0.1849 403.0 0.1889 406.2 0.1929 409.3 0.1969 412.6 0.2008 415.8 0.2047 419.0 0.2086 422.3 0.2125 425.6 0.2164 428.9 0.2202 432.2 0.2241 435.6 0.2279 439.0 0.2318 442.4 0.2356 445.9 0.2394 449.3 0.2433 452.8 0.2471 456.3 0.2509 459.9 0.2547 463.4 0.2585 467.0 0.2623 470.6 0.2660 474.3 0.2698 478.0 0.2736 481.6 0.2774 485.3 0.2812 489.1 0.2849 492.8

S = Entropy in kJ/kg.K Absolute Pressure kPa 101.325 (-40.81°C) S V H (1.826) (0.2126) (387.8) 1.829 0.2134 388.2 1.841 0.2186 391.3 1.854 0.2238 394.3 1.867 0.2289 397.4 1.879 0.2340 400.5 1.891 0.2390 403.6 1.903 0.2441 406.7 1.915 0.2491 409.9 1.927 0.2541 413.1 1.938 0.2590 416.3 1.950 0.2640 419.5 1.961 0.2689 422.8 1.972 0.2739 426.0 1.984 0.2788 429.3 1.995 0.2837 432.6 2.006 0.2886 436.0 2.016 0.2935 439.4 2.027 0.2984 442.8 2.038 0.3033 446.2 2.048 0.3081 449.6 2.059 0.3130 453.1 2.069 0.3179 456.6 2.080 0.3227 460.2 2.090 0.3276 463.7 2.100 0.3324 467.3 2.110 0.3372 470.9 2.120 0.3421 474.5 2.130 0.3437 478.2 2.140 0.3517 481.9 2.150 0.3565 485.6 2.160 0.3614 489.3


S (1.825) 1.827 1.840 1.853 1.865 1.878 1.890 1.902 1.914 1.925 1.937 1.948 1.960 1.971 1.982 1.993 2.004 2.015 2.026 2.037 2.047 2.058 2.068 2.078 2.089 2.099 2.109 2.119 2.129 2.139 2.149 2.159

110 (-39.04°C) V H (0.1969) (388.6) 0.2008 391.0 0.2056 394.1 0.2103 397.2 0.2150 400.3 0.2197 403.4 0.2244 406.6 0.2290 409.7 0.2336 412.9 0.2382 416.1 0.2428 419.4 0.2474 422.6 0.2519 425.9 0.2565 429.2 0.2610 432.5 0.2655 435.9 0.2701 439.3 0.2746 442.7 0.2791 446.1 0.2836 449.5 0.2881 453.0 0.2925 456.5 0.2970 460.1 0.3015 463.6 0.3060 467.2 0.3104 470.8 0.3149 474.4 0.3194 478.1 0.3238 481.8 0.3282 485.5 0.3327 489.2

S (1.809) 1.819 1.831 1.844 1.856 1.869 1.881 1.892 1.904 1.916 1.927 1.939 1.950 1.961 1.972 1.983 1.994 2.004 2.015 2.026 2.036 2.047 2.057 2.067 2.077 2.087 2.097 2.107 2.117 2.127 2.137

150 (-32.08°C) V H (0.1473) (391.8) 0.1488 393.1 0.1524 396.2 0.1559 399.4 0.1595 402.6 0.1630 405.7 0.1664 409.0 0.1699 412.2 0.1733 415.4 0.1768 418.7 0.1802 422.0 0.1836 425.3 0.1870 428.6 0.1903 432.0 0.1937 435.3 0.1971 438.7 0.2004 442.2 0.2037 445.6 0.2071 449.1 0.2104 452.6 0.2137 456.1 0.2170 459.7 0.2203 463.2 0.2236 466.8 0.2269 470.4 0.2302 474.1 0.2335 477.8 0.2368 481.5 0.2401 485.2 0.2434 488.9 0.2466 492.7

Temp °C S (1.821) 1.831 1.844 1.857 1.869 1.881 1.893 1.905 1.917 1.929 1.940 1.952 1.963 1.974 1.985 1.996 2.007 2.018 2.028 2.039 2.050 2.060 2.070 2.081 2.091 2.101 2.111 2.121 2.131 2.141 2.151

-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110


-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115

120 (-37.13°C) V H (0.1815) (389.5) 0.1834 390.8 0.1878 393.9 0.1922 397.0 0.1965 400.1 0.2009 403.2 0.2052 406.4 0.2094 409.5 0.2137 412.7 0.2179 416.0 0.2222 419.2 0.2264 422.5 0.2306 425.7 0.2348 429.1 0.2389 432.4 0.2431 435.7 0.2473 439.1 0.2514 442.5 0.2555 446.0 0.2597 449.4 0.2638 452.9 0.2679 456.4 0.2720 460.0 0.2761 463.5 0.2802 467.1 0.2843 470.7 0.2884 474.4 0.2925 478.1 0.2966 481.7 0.3007 485.4 0.3048 489.2 0.3089 492.9

S (1.813) 1.814 1.827 1.839 1.852 1.864 1.876 1.888 1.900 1.912 1.923 1.935 1.946 1.957 1.968 1.979 1.990 2.001 2.012 2.023 2.033 2.044 2.054 2.064 2.074 2.085 2.095 2.105 2.115 2.125 2.134 2.144

140 (-33.67°C) V H (0.1571) (391.0) 0.1599 393.3 0.1637 396.5 0.1675 399.6 0.1713 402.8 0.1750 406.0 0.1787 409.2 0.1824 412.4 0.1861 415.6 0.1897 418.9 0.1934 422.1 0.1970 425.4 0.2006 428.8 0.2042 432.1 0.2078 435.5 0.2114 438.9 0.2150 442.3 0.2185 445.7 0.2221 449.2 0.2257 452.7 0.2292 456.2 0.2327 459.8 0.2363 463.3 0.2398 466.9 0.2433 470.5 0.2469 474.2 0.2504 477.9 0.2539 481.5 0.2574 485.3 0.2609 489.0 0.2644 492.8

Temp °C S (1.806) 1.811 1.824 1.837 1.849 1.861 1.873 1.885 1.897 1.909 1.920 1.932 1.943 1.954 1.965 1.976 1.987 1.998 2.008 2.019 2.029 2.040 2.050 2.060 2.071 2.081 2.091 2.101 2.111 2.120 2.130

-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115







-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

160 (-30.57°C) V H (0.1386) (392.4) 0.1390 392.8 0.1424 396.0 0.1458 399.1 0.1491 402.3 0.1524 405.5 0.1557 408.8 0.1589 412.0 0.1622 415.3 0.1654 418.5 0.1686 421.8 0.1718 425.1 0.1750 428.5 0.1782 431.8 0.1813 435.2 0.1845 438.6 0.1877 442.0 0.1908 445.5 0.1939 449.0 0.1970 452.5 0.2002 456.0 0.2033 459.6 0.2064 463.1 0.2095 466.7 0.2126 470.4 0.2157 474.0 0.2188 477.7 0.2219 481.4 0.2249 485.1 0.2280 488.8 0.2311 492.6 0.2342 496.4

S (1.803) 1.804 1.817 1.830 1.842 1.855 1.867 1.879 1.890 1.902 1.914 1.925 1.936 1.947 1.959 1.970 1.980 1.991 2.002 2.012 2.023 2.033 2.044 2.054 2.064 2.074 2.084 2.094 2.104 2.114 2.124 2.133

170 (-29.13°C) V H (0.1309) (393.1) 0.1336 395.7 0.1368 398.9 0.1400 402.1 0.1431 405.3 0.1462 408.6 0.1493 411.8 0.1523 415.1 0.1554 418.4 0.1584 421.7 0.1615 425.0 0.1645 428.3 0.1675 431.7 0.1705 435.1 0.1734 438.5 0.1764 441.9 0.1794 445.4 0.1823 448.9 0.1853 452.4 0.1882 455.9 0.1911 459.5 0.1941 463.0 0.1970 466.6 0.1999 470.3 0.2028 473.9 0.2058 477.6 0.2087 481.3 0.2116 485.0 0.2145 488.8 0.2174 492.5 0.2203 496.3

S (1.792) 1.793 1.806 1.818 1.831 1.843 1.855 1.867 1.879 1.891 1.902 1.913 1.925 1.936 1.947 1.958 1.969 1.979 1.990 2.001 2.011 2.021 2.032 2.042 2.052 2.062 2.072 2.082 2.092 2.102 2.111 2.121

210 (-23.96°C) V H (0.1073) (395.4) 0.1094 397.9 0.1121 401.2 0.1147 404.5 0.1172 407.8 0.1198 411.0 0.1223 414.4 0.1249 417.7 0.1274 421.0 0.1298 424.4 0.1323 427.7 0.1348 431.1 0.1372 434.5 0.1397 438.0 0.1421 441.4 0.1445 444.9 0.1470 448.4 0.1494 451.9 0.1518 455.5 0.1542 459.0 0.1566 462.6 0.1589 466.3 0.1613 469.9 0.1637 473.6 0.1661 477.2 0.1685 481.0 0.1708 484.7 0.1732 488.4 0.1755 492.2 0.1779 496.0 0.1803 499.9

S (1.800) 1.810 1.823 1.836 1.848 1.860 1.872 1.884 1.896 1.907 1.919 1.930 1.941 1.952 1.963 1.974 1.985 1.996 2.006 2.017 2.027 2.038 2.048 2.058 2.068 2.078 2.088 2.098 2.108 2.118 2.128

180 (-27.76°C) V H (0.1241) (393.7) 0.1258 395.5 0.1288 398.7 0.1318 401.9 0.1348 405.1 0.1378 408.4 0.1407 411.6 0.1436 414.9 0.1465 418.2 0.1494 421.5 0.1522 424.8 0.1551 428.2 0.1579 431.6 0.1608 434.9 0.1636 438.4 0.1664 441.8 0.1692 445.3 0.1720 448.8 0.1748 452.3 0.1776 455.8 0.1804 459.4 0.1831 462.9 0.1859 466.5 0.1887 470.2 0.1914 473.8 0.1941 477.5 0.1969 481.2 0.1997 484.9 0.2024 488.7 0.2052 492.5 0.2079 496.3

S (1.797) 1.804 1.817 1.830 1.842 1.854 1.866 1.878 1.890 1.901 1.913 1.924 1.935 1.947 1.958 1.968 1.979 1.990 2.001 2.011 2.022 2.032 2.042 2.052 2.063 2.073 2.083 2.093 2.102 2.112 2.122

190 (-26.44°C) V H (0.1179) (394.3) 0.1188 395.2 0.1217 398.4 0.1245 401.7 0.1274 404.9 0.1302 408.2 0.1330 411.4 0.1358 414.7 0.1385 418.0 0.1413 421.3 0.1440 424.7 0.1467 428.0 0.1494 431.4 0.1521 434.8 0.1548 438.2 0.1575 441.7 0.1601 445.1 0.1628 448.6 0.1654 452.2 0.1681 455.7 0.1707 459.3 0.1733 462.8 0.1760 466.4 0.1786 470.1 0.1812 473.7 0.1838 477.4 0.1864 481.1 0.1891 484.9 0.1917 488.6 0.1943 492.4 0.1969 496.2

S (1.788) 1.795 1.808 1.820 1.833 1.845 1.857 1.869 1.881 1.892 1.904 1.915 1.926 1.937 1.948 1.959 1.970 1.980 1.991 2.001 2.012 2.022 2.032 2.043 2.053 2.063 2.073 2.083 2.092 2.102 2.112

230 (-21.66°C) V H (0.0985) (396.4) 0.0993 397.4 0.1018 400.7 0.1042 404.0 0.1065 407.3 0.1089 410.7 0.1112 414.0 0.1136 417.3 0.1159 420.7 0.1182 424.0 0.1204 427.4 0.1227 430.8 0.1250 434.3 0.1272 437.7 0.1294 441.2 0.1317 444.7 0.1339 448.2 0.1361 451.7 0.1383 455.3 0.1405 458.8 0.1427 462.4 0.1449 466.1 0.1471 469.7 0.1492 473.4 0.1514 477.1 0.1536 480.8 0.1558 484.5 0.1579 488.3 0.1601 492.1 0.1623 495.9 0.1644 499.7

Temp °C S (1.795) 1.798 1.811 1.824 1.836 1.848 1.861 1.872 1.884 1.896 1.907 1.919 1.930 1.941 1.952 1.963 1.974 1.985 1.995 2.006 2.016 2.027 2.037 2.047 2.057 2.067 2.077 2.087 2.097 2.107 2.117

-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120


-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125

200 (-25.18°C) V H (0.1124) (394.8) 0.1125 394.9 0.1153 398.2 0.1180 401.4 0.1207 404.7 0.1234 408.0 0.1261 411.2 0.1287 414.5 0.1313 417.8 0.1340 421.2 0.1366 424.5 0.1392 427.9 0.1417 431.3 0.1443 434.7 0.1468 438.1 0.1494 441.6 0.1519 445.0 0.1545 448.5 0.1570 452.0 0.1595 455.6 0.1620 459.1 0.1645 462.7 0.1670 466.4 0.1695 470.0 0.1720 473.6 0.1745 477.3 0.1770 481.0 0.1795 484.8 0.1820 488.5 0.1844 492.3 0.1869 496.1 0.1894 499.9

S (1.790) 1.800 1.813 1.825 1.838 1.850 1.862 1.874 1.885 1.897 1.908 1.920 1.931 1.942 1.953 1.964 1.974 1.985 1.996 2.006 2.017 2.027 2.037 2.047 2.057 2.067 2.077 2.087 2.097 2.107 2.116

220 (-22.79°C) V H (0.1027) (395.9) 0.1042 397.7 0.1067 401.0 0.1092 404.3 0.1117 407.6 0.1141 410.9 0.1165 414.2 0.1190 417.5 0.1214 420.8 0.1237 424.2 0.1261 427.6 0.1285 431.0 0.1308 434.4 0.1332 437.8 0.1355 441.3 0.1378 444.8 0.1401 448.3 0.1424 451.8 0.1447 455.4 0.1470 458.9 0.1493 462.5 0.1516 466.2 0.1539 469.8 0.1561 473.5 0.1584 477.2 0.1607 480.9 0.1630 484.6 0.1652 488.4 0.1675 492.2 0.1697 496.0 0.1720 499.8

Temp °C S (1.786) 1.790 1.803 1.815 1.828 1.840 1.852 1.864 1.876 1.887 1.899 1.910 1.921 1.933 1.944 1.954 1.965 1.976 1.986 1.997 2.007 2.018 2.028 2.038 2.048 2.058 2.068 2.078 2.088 2.098 2.107

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125







-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130

240 (-20.57°C) V H (0.0946) (396.8) 0.0949 397.2 0.0972 400.5 0.0996 403.8 0.1019 407.1 0.1041 410.5 0.1064 413.8 0.1086 417.2 0.1108 420.5 0.1130 423.9 0.1152 427.3 0.1174 430.7 0.1196 434.1 0.1217 437.6 0.1239 441.1 0.1260 444.5 0.1282 448.1 0.1303 451.6 0.1324 455.2 0.1345 458.7 0.1366 462.3 0.1387 466.0 0.1408 469.6 0.1429 473.3 0.1450 477.0 0.1471 480.7 0.1492 484.4 0.1513 488.2 0.1533 492.0 0.1554 495.8 0.1575 499.6 0.1595 503.5

S (1.784) 1.785 1.798 1.811 1.823 1.836 1.848 1.860 1.871 1.883 1.894 1.906 1.917 1.928 1.939 1.950 1.961 1.972 1.982 1.993 2.003 2.013 2.024 2.034 2.044 2.054 2.064 2.074 2.084 2.093 2.103 2.113

250 (-19.51°C) V H (0.0910) (397.3) 0.0931 400.3 0.0953 403.6 0.0976 406.9 0.0998 410.3 0.1019 413.6 0.1041 417.0 0.1062 420.3 0.1083 423.7 0.1105 427.1 0.1126 430.6 0.1146 434.0 0.1167 437.5 0.1188 440.9 0.1208 444.4 0.1229 447.9 0.1249 451.5 0.1270 455.0 0.1290 458.6 0.1310 462.2 0.1331 465.9 0.1351 469.5 0.1371 473.2 0.1391 476.9 0.1411 480.6 0.1431 484.4 0.1451 488.1 0.1471 491.9 0.1491 495.7 0.1511 499.6 0.1531 503.4

S (1.777) 1.781 1.793 1.806 1.819 1.831 1.843 1.855 1.867 1.878 1.890 1.901 1.912 1.923 1.934 1.945 1.956 1.966 1.977 1.987 1.998 2.008 2.018 2.028 2.039 2.049 2.058 2.068 2.078 2.088 2.097 2.107

290 (-15.57°C) V H (0.0791) (398.9) 0.0793 399.3 0.0813 402.7 0.0833 406.1 0.0852 409.5 0.0871 412.9 0.0890 416.3 0.0909 419.7 0.0928 423.1 0.0946 426.5 0.0965 430.0 0.0983 433.4 0.1001 436.9 0.1019 440.4 0.1037 443.9 0.1055 447.5 0.1073 451.0 0.1090 454.6 0.1108 458.2 0.1126 461.8 0.1143 465.5 0.1161 469.2 0.1178 472.8 0.1196 476.5 0.1213 480.3 0.1230 484.0 0.1248 487.8 0.1265 491.6 0.1282 495.4 0.1300 499.3 0.1317 503.1 0.1334 507.0

S (1.782) 1.793 1.806 1.819 1.831 1.843 1.855 1.867 1.879 1.890 1.902 1.913 1.924 1.935 1.946 1.957 1.967 1.978 1.989 1.999 2.009 2.020 2.030 2.040 2.050 2.060 2.070 2.080 2.089 2.099 2.109

260 (-18.48°C) V H (0.0877) (397.7) 0.0893 400.0 0.0914 403.4 0.0936 406.7 0.0957 410.1 0.0978 413.4 0.0999 416.8 0.1019 420.2 0.1040 423.6 0.1060 427.0 0.1081 430.4 0.1101 433.9 0.1121 437.3 0.1141 440.8 0.1161 444.3 0.1180 447.8 0.1200 451.4 0.1220 454.9 0.1239 458.5 0.1259 462.1 0.1278 465.8 0.1298 469.4 0.1317 473.1 0.1337 476.8 0.1356 480.5 0.1375 484.3 0.1394 488.1 0.1414 491.8 0.1433 495.7 0.1452 499.5 0.1471 503.4

S (1.780) 1.789 1.802 1.814 1.827 1.839 1.851 1.863 1.875 1.886 1.897 1.909 1.920 1.931 1.942 1.953 1.963 1.974 1.985 1.995 2.005 2.016 2.026 2.036 2.046 2.056 2.066 2.076 2.085 2.095 2.105

270 (-17.48°C) V H (0.0846) (398.1) 0.0857 399.8 0.0878 403.2 0.0899 406.5 0.0919 409.9 0.0940 413.2 0.0960 416.6 0.0980 420.0 0.1000 423.4 0.1019 426.8 0.1039 430.3 0.1059 433.7 0.1078 437.2 0.1097 440.7 0.1116 444.2 0.1135 447.7 0.1154 451.3 0.1173 454.8 0.1192 458.4 0.1211 462.0 0.1230 465.7 0.1249 469.3 0.1267 473.0 0.1286 476.7 0.1305 480.5 0.1323 484.2 0.1342 488.0 0.1360 491.8 0.1379 495.6 0.1397 499.4 0.1416 503.3

S (1.773) 1.786 1.798 1.811 1.823 1.835 1.847 1.859 1.871 1.882 1.894 1.905 1.916 1.927 1.938 1.949 1.959 1.970 1.980 1.991 2.001 2.011 2.021 2.032 2.042 2.052 2.061 2.071 2.081 2.091 2.100

310 (-13.76°C) V H (0.0742) (399.7) 0.0757 402.2 0.0775 405.7 0.0793 409.1 0.0812 412.5 0.0830 415.9 0.0847 419.3 0.0865 422.8 0.0882 426.2 0.0900 429.7 0.0917 433.2 0.0934 436.7 0.0951 440.2 0.0968 443.7 0.0985 447.2 0.1001 450.8 0.1018 454.4 0.1035 458.0 0.1051 461.6 0.1068 465.3 0.1084 469.0 0.1101 472.7 0.1117 476.4 0.1133 480.1 0.1150 483.9 0.1166 487.7 0.1182 491.5 0.1198 495.3 0.1214 499.1 0.1231 503.0 0.1247 506.9

Temp °C S (1.778) 1.785 1.798 1.810 1.823 1.835 1.847 1.859 1.870 1.882 1.893 1.905 1.916 1.927 1.938 1.949 1.959 1.970 1.981 1.991 2.002 2.012 2.022 2.032 2.042 2.052 2.062 2.072 2.082 2.091 2.101

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130


-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

280 (-16.51°C) V H (0.0818) (398.5) 0.0824 399.6 0.0844 402.9 0.0865 406.3 0.0885 409.7 0.0904 413.1 0.0924 416.4 0.0943 419.8 0.0962 423.3 0.0982 426.7 0.1000 430.1 0.1019 433.6 0.1038 437.1 0.1057 440.6 0.1075 444.1 0.1094 447.6 0.1112 451.2 0.1130 454.7 0.1149 458.3 0.1167 461.9 0.1185 465.6 0.1203 469.2 0.1221 472.9 0.1239 476.6 0.1257 480.4 0.1275 484.1 0.1293 487.9 0.1311 491.7 0.1329 495.5 0.1347 499.4 0.1365 503.2 0.1382 507.1

S (1.775) 1.776 1.789 1.802 1.815 1.827 1.839 1.851 1.863 1.874 1.886 1.897 1.908 1.920 1.931 1.941 1.952 1.963 1.973 1.984 1.994 2.005 2.015 2.025 2.035 2.045 2.055 2.065 2.075 2.084 2.094 2.104

300 (-14.65°C) V H (0.0766) (399.3) 0.0784 402.5 0.0803 405.9 0.0822 409.3 0.0840 412.7 0.0859 416.1 0.0877 419.5 0.0895 422.9 0.0913 426.4 0.0931 429.8 0.0949 433.3 0.0966 436.8 0.0984 440.3 0.1001 443.8 0.1018 447.4 0.1036 450.9 0.1053 454.5 0.1070 458.1 0.1087 461.7 0.1104 465.4 0.1121 469.1 0.1138 472.7 0.1155 476.5 0.1172 480.2 0.1189 484.0 0.1205 487.7 0.1222 491.5 0.1239 495.4 0.1256 499.2 0.1272 503.1 0.1289 507.0

Temp °C S (1.772) 1.782 1.795 1.807 1.820 1.832 1.844 1.856 1.867 1.879 1.890 1.901 1.913 1.924 1.934 1.945 1.956 1.967 1.977 1.987 1.998 2.008 2.018 2.028 2.038 2.048 2.058 2.068 2.078 2.087 2.097

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135







-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140

320 (-12.88°C) V H (0.0720) (400.0) 0.0731 402.0 0.0749 405.4 0.0767 408.9 0.0785 412.3 0.0802 415.7 0.0819 419.2 0.0836 422.6 0.0853 426.1 0.0870 429.5 0.0887 433.0 0.0903 436.5 0.0920 440.0 0.0936 443.6 0.0953 447.1 0.0969 450.7 0.0985 454.3 0.1001 457.9 0.1017 461.5 0.1033 465.2 0.1049 468.9 0.1065 472.6 0.1081 476.3 0.1097 480.0 0.1113 483.8 0.1129 487.6 0.1144 491.4 0.1160 495.2 0.1176 499.1 0.1192 502.9 0.1207 506.8 0.1223 510.7

S (1.770) 1.778 1.791 1.804 1.816 1.828 1.840 1.852 1.864 1.875 1.887 1.898 1.909 1.920 1.931 1.942 1.953 1.963 1.974 1.984 1.995 2.005 2.015 2.025 2.035 2.045 2.055 2.065 2.074 2.084 2.094 2.103

330 (-12.03°C) V H (0.0699) (400.4) 0.0707 401.8 0.0724 405.2 0.0742 408.7 0.0759 412.1 0.0776 415.6 0.0793 419.0 0.0810 422.5 0.0826 425.9 0.0842 429.4 0.0859 432.9 0.0875 436.4 0.0891 439.9 0.0907 443.5 0.0923 447.0 0.0939 450.6 0.0954 454.2 0.0970 457.8 0.0986 461.4 0.1001 465.1 0.1017 468.8 0.1032 472.5 0.1048 476.2 0.1063 479.9 0.1078 483.7 0.1094 487.5 0.1109 491.3 0.1124 495.1 0.1140 499.0 0.1155 502.9 0.1170 506.8 0.1185 510.7

S (1.765) 1.777 1.790 1.803 1.815 1.827 1.839 1.851 1.863 1.874 1.886 1.897 1.908 1.919 1.930 1.940 1.951 1.962 1.972 1.982 1.993 2.003 2.013 2.023 2.033 2.043 2.053 2.063 2.072 2.082 2.091 2.101

370 (-8.81°C) H (401.7) 404.3 407.8 411.3 414.8 418.3 421.8 425.3 428.8 432.3 435.9 439.4 443.0 446.5 450.1 453.7 457.4 461.0 464.7 468.4 472.1 475.8 479.6 483.4 487.2 491.0 494.8 498.7 502.6 506.5 510.4 514.4

S (1.769) 1.774 1.787 1.800 1.813 1.825 1.837 1.849 1.861 1.872 1.884 1.895 1.906 1.917 1.928 1.939 1.949 1.960 1.971 1.981 1.991 2.002 2.012 2.022 2.032 2.042 2.052 2.062 2.071 2.081 2.091 2.100

340 (-11.20°C) V H (0.0680) (400.7) 0.0684 401.5 0.0701 405.0 0.0718 408.5 0.0735 411.9 0.0752 415.4 0.0768 418.8 0.0784 422.3 0.0800 425.8 0.0816 429.2 0.0832 432.7 0.0848 436.3 0.0864 439.8 0.0879 443.3 0.0895 446.9 0.0910 450.5 0.0925 454.1 0.0941 457.7 0.0956 461.3 0.0971 465.0 0.0986 468.7 0.1001 472.4 0.1016 476.1 0.1031 479.9 0.1046 483.6 0.1061 487.4 0.1076 491.2 0.1091 495.1 0.1105 498.9 0.1120 502.8 0.1135 506.7 0.1150 510.6

S (1.768) 1.771 1.784 1.797 1.809 1.822 1.834 1.846 1.857 1.869 1.880 1.892 1.903 1.914 1.925 1.936 1.946 1.957 1.968 1.978 1.988 1.999 2.009 2.019 2.029 2.039 2.049 2.059 2.068 2.078 2.088 2.097

350 (-10.38°C) V H (0.0661) (401.0) 0.0663 401.3 0.0679 404.8 0.0696 408.3 0.0713 411.7 0.0729 415.2 0.0745 418.7 0.0761 422.1 0.0776 425.6 0.0792 429.1 0.0807 432.6 0.0823 436.1 0.0838 439.7 0.0853 443.2 0.0868 446.8 0.0883 450.4 0.0898 454.0 0.0913 457.6 0.0928 461.2 0.0942 464.9 0.0957 468.6 0.0972 472.3 0.0986 476.0 0.1001 479.8 0.1015 483.5 0.1030 487.3 0.1044 491.1 0.1059 495.0 0.1073 498.8 0.1088 502.7 0.1102 506.6 0.1116 510.5

S (1.763) 1.771 1.784 1.796 1.809 1.821 1.833 1.845 1.857 1.868 1.880 1.891 1.902 1.913 1.924 1.935 1.945 1.956 1.966 1.977 1.987 1.997 2.008 2.018 2.028 2.037 2.047 2.057 2.067 2.076 2.086 2.095

390 (-7.29°C) H 9402.3) 403.9 407.4 410.9 414.4 418.0 421.5 425.0 428.5 432.0 435.6 439.1 442.7 446.3 449.9 453.5 457.2 460.8 464.5 468.2 471.9 475.7 479.4 483.2 487.0 490.8 494.7 498.6 502.4 506.3 510.3 514.2

Temp °C S (1.766) 1.767 1.781 1.793 1.806 1.818 1.830 1.842 1.854 1.866 1.877 1.889 1.900 1.911 1.922 1.933 1.943 1.954 1.965 1.975 1.985 1.996 2.006 2.016 2.026 2.036 2.046 2.056 2.065 2.075 2.085 2.094

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140


-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145

V (0.0644) 0.0659 0.0675 0.0691 0.0707 0.0723 0.0738 0.0754 0.0769 0.0784 0.0799 0.0814 0.0828 0.0843 0.0858 0.0872 0.0887 0.0901 0.0915 0.0930 0.0944 0.0958 0.0973 0.0987 0.1001 0.1015 0.1029 0.1043 0.1057 0.1071 0.1085 0.1099

360 (-9.59°C) H (401.4) 404.6 408.1 411.5 415.0 418.5 422.0 425.5 429.0 432.5 436.0 439.5 443.1 446.7 450.2 453.9 457.5 461.1 464.8 468.5 472.2 475.9 479.7 483.5 487.3 491.1 494.9 498.8 502.7 506.6 510.5 514.4

V (0.0627) 0.0639 0.0655 0.0671 0.0687 0.0702 0.0717 0.0732 0.0747 0.0761 0.0776 0.0791 0.0805 0.0819 0.0834 0.0848 0.0862 0.0876 0.0890 0.0904 0.0918 0.0932 0.0946 0.0959 0.0973 0.0987 0.1000 0.1014 0.1028 0.1041 0.1055 0.1069

S (1.764) 1.774 1.787 1.800 1.812 1.824 1.836 1.848 1.860 1.871 1.883 1.894 1.905 1.916 1.927 1.938 1.948 1.959 1.969 1.980 1.990 2.000 2.010 2.020 2.030 2.040 2.050 2.060 2.069 2.079 2.089 2.098

V (0611) 0.0621 0.0637 0.0652 0.0667 0.0682 0.0697 0.0711 0.0726 0.0740 0.0755 0.0769 0.0783 0.0797 0.0811 0.0825 0.0838 0.0852 0.0866 0.0879 0.0893 0.0907 0.0920 0.0933 0.0947 0.0960 0.0974 0.0987 0.1000 0.1013 0.1027 0.1040

380 (-8.04°C) H (402.0) 404.1 407.6 411.1 414.6 418.1 421.6 425.1 428.7 432.2 435.7 439.3 442.8 446.4 450.0 453.6 457.3 460.9 464.6 468.3 472.0 475.8 479.5 483.3 487.1 490.9 494.8 498.6 502.5 506.4 510.3 514.3

V (0.0596) 0.0603 0.0619 0.0634 0.0649 0.0663 0.0678 0.0692 0.0706 0.0720 0.0734 0.0748 0.0762 0.0776 0.0789 0.0803 0.0816 0.0830 0.0843 0.0856 0.0869 0.0883 0.0896 0.0909 0.0922 0.0935 0.0948 0.0961 0.0974 0.0987 0.1000 0.1013

Temp °C S (1.762) 1.768 1.781 1.793 1.806 1.818 1.830 1.842 1.854 1.865 1.877 1.888 1.899 1.910 1.921 1.932 1.943 1.953 1.964 1.974 1.984 1.995 2.005 2.015 2.025 2.035 2.045 2.054 2.064 2.074 2.083 2.093

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145







-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145

V (0.0582) 0.0587 0.0602 0.0616 0.0631 0.0645 0.0660 0.0674 0.0688 0.0701 0.0715 0.0728 0.0742 0.0755 0.0769 0.0782 0.0795 0.0808 0.0821 0.0834 0.0847 0.0860 0.0873 0.0886 0.0898 0.0911 0.0924 0.0937 0.0949 0.0962 0.0975 0.0987

400 (-6.56°C) H (402.6) 403.7 407.2 410.7 414.3 417.8 421.3 424.8 428.4 431.9 435.4 439.0 442.6 446.2 449.8 453.4 457.1 460.7 464.4 468.1 471.8 475.6 479.3 483.1 486.9 490.8 494.6 498.5 502.4 506.3 510.2 514.2

V (0.0469) 0.0482 0.0494 0.0506 0.0518 0.0530 0.0541 0.0553 0.0564 0.0575 0.0586 0.0597 0.0608 0.0619 0.0630 0.0640 0.0651 0.0662 0.0672 0.0683 0.0693 0.0704 0.0714 0.0724 0.0735 0.0745 0.0755 0.0766 0.0776 0.0786 0.0796 0.0806

500 (+0.12°C) H (405.1) 408.7 412.3 416.0 419.6 423.2 426.8 430.4 434.1 437.7 441.3 445.0 448.6 452.3 456.0 459.7 463.4 467.2 470.9 474.7 478.5 482.3 486.1 490.0 493.8 497.7 501.7 505.6 509.5 513.5 517.5 521.5

S (1.760) 1.765 1.778 1.790 1.803 1.815 1.827 1.839 1.851 1.863 1.874 1.885 1.897 1.908 1.919 1.929 1.940 1.951 1.961 1.972 1.982 1.992 2.002 2.012 2.022 2.032 2.042 2.052 2.062 2.071 2.081 2.090

V (0.0549) 0.0563 0.0577 0.0591 0.0604 0.0618 0.0631 0.0644 0.0658 0.0671 0.0683 0.0696 0.0709 0.0721 0.0734 0.0746 0.0759 0.0771 0.0783 0.0796 0.0808 0.0820 0.0832 0.0844 0.0856 0.0868 0.0880 0.0892 0.0904 0.0916 0.0928

425 (-4.78°C) H (403.2) 406.7 410.2 413.8 417.3 420.9 424.4 428.0 431.5 435.1 438.7 442.3 445.9 449.5 453.1 456.8 460.5 464.2 467.9 471.6 475.4 479.1 482.9 486.7 490.6 494.4 498.3 502.2 506.1 510.0 514.0

V (0.0448) 0.0456 0.0468 0.0479 0.0491 0.0502 0.0513 0.0524 0.0535 0.0546 0.0557 0.0567 0.0578 0.0588 0.0598 0.0609 0.0619 0.0629 0.0639 0.0649 0.0659 0.0669 0.0679 0.0689 0.0699 0.0709 0.0718 0.0728 0.0738 0.0748 0.0757 0.0767

525 (+1.63°C) H (405.6) 408.1 411.8 415.5 419.2 422.8 426.4 430.1 433.7 437.4 441.0 444.7 448.3 452.0 455.7 459.4 463.2 466.9 470.7 474.5 478.3 482.1 485.9 489.8 493.7 497.6 501.5 505.4 509.4 513.3 517.3 521.4

S (1.758) 1.770 1.783 1.796 1.808 1.821 1.833 1.844 1.856 1.868 1.879 1.890 1.901 1.912 1.923 1.934 1.944 1.955 1.965 1.976 1.986 1.996 2.006 2.016 2.026 2.036 2.046 2.055 2.065 2.075 2.084

V (0.0520) 0.0528 0.0542 0.0555 0.0568 0.0581 0.0594 0.0606 0.0619 0.0631 0.0643 0.0655 0.0667 0.0679 0.0691 0.0703 0.0715 0.0727 0.0738 0.0750 0.0762 0.0773 0.0785 0.0796 0.0807 0.0819 0.0830 0.0842 0.0853 0.0864 0.0875

450 (-3.08°C) H (403.9) 406.1 409.7 413.3 416.9 420.5 424.0 427.6 431.2 434.8 438.4 442.0 445.6 449.2 452.9 456.5 460.2 463.9 467.6 471.4 475.1 478.9 482.7 486.5 490.4 494.2 498.1 502.0 505.9 509.9 513.8

S (1.755) 1.763 1.776 1.789 1.802 1.814 1.826 1.838 1.850 1.861 1.873 1.884 1.895 1.906 1.917 1.928 1.938 1.949 1.959 1.970 1.980 1.990 2.000 2.010 2.020 2.030 2.040 2.050 2.059 2.069 2.078

V (0.0493) 0.0497 0.0510 0.0523 0.0535 0.0548 0.0560 0.0572 0.0584 0.0596 0.0607 0.0619 0.0630 0.0642 0.0653 0.0665 0.0676 0.0687 0.0698 0.0709 0.0720 0.0731 0.0742 0.0753 0.0764 0.0775 0.0785 0.0796 0.0807 0.0818 0.0828

475 (-1.44°C) H (404.5) 405.6 409.2 412.8 416.4 420.0 423.6 427.2 430.8 434.4 438.0 441.6 445.3 448.9 452.6 456.3 460.0 463.7 467.4 471.1 474.9 478.7 482.5 486.3 490.2 494.0 497.9 501.8 505.8 509.7 513.7

V (0.0410) 0.0411 0.0422 0.0433 0.0444 0.0454 0.0465 0.0475 0.0485 0.0495 0.0505 0.0515 0.0524 0.0534 0.0543 0.0553 0.0562 0.0572 0.0581 0.0590 0.0600 0.0609 0.0618 0.0627 0.0636 0.0645 0.0654 0.0663 0.0672 0.0681 0.0690 0.0699

575 (+4.50°C) H (406.7) 407.1 410.8 414.6 418.3 422.0 425.6 429.3 433.0 436.7 440.4 444.0 447.7 451.5 455.2 458.9 462.7 466.4 470.2 474.0 477.8 481.7 485.5 489.4 493.3 497.2 501.1 505.1 509.0 513.0 517.0 521.0

Temp °C S (1.753) 1.757 1.770 1.783 1.795 1.808 1.820 1.832 1.844 1.855 1.867 1.878 1.889 1.900 1.911 1.922 1.933 1.943 1.954 1.964 1.974 1.985 1.995 2.005 2.015 2.025 2.034 2.044 2.054 2.063 2.073

-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145


5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155

S (1.750) 1.764 1.777 1.789 1.802 1.814 1.826 1.838 1.849 1.861 1.872 1.884 1.895 1.906 1.916 1.927 1.938 1.948 1.959 1.969 1.979 1.989 1.999 2.009 2.019 2.029 2.039 2.049 2.058 2.068 2.077 2.087

S (1.748) 1.757 1.771 1.783 1.796 1.808 1.820 1.832 1.844 1.855 1.867 1.878 1.889 1.900 1.911 1.922 1.932 1.943 1.953 1.964 1.974 1.984 1.994 2.004 2.014 2.024 2.034 2.044 2.053 2.063 2.072 2.082

V (0.0428) 0.0432 0.0444 0.0455 0.0466 0.0477 0.0488 0.0498 0.0509 0.0519 0.0530 0.0540 0.0550 0.0560 0.0570 0.0579 0.0589 0.0599 0.0609 0.0618 0.0628 0.0638 0.0647 0.0657 0.0666 0.0675 0.0685 0.0694 0.0704 0.0713 0.0722 0.0731

550 (+3.09°C) H (406.2) 407.6 411.3 415.0 418.7 422.4 426.0 429.7 433.4 437.0 440.7 444.4 448.0 451.7 455.5 459.2 462.9 466.7 470.5 474.2 478.0 481.9 485.7 489.6 493.5 497.4 501.3 505.2 509.2 513.2 517.2 521.2

S (1.746) 1.751 1.765 1.778 1.790 1.803 1.815 1.827 1.839 1.850 1.862 1.873 1.884 1.895 1.906 1.917 1.927 1.938 1.949 1.959 1.969 1.979 1.989 1.999 2.009 2.019 2.029 2.039 2.048 2.058 2.068 2.077

Temp °C S (1.744) 1.746 1.759 1.772 1.785 1.797 1.810 1.822 1.834 1.845 1.857 1.868 1.879 1.890 1.901 1.912 1.923 1.933 1.944 1.954 1.964 1.975 1.985 1.995 2.005 2.015 2.024 2.034 2.044 2.053 2.063 2.072

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155







10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160

V (0.0393) 0.0402 0.0413 0.0423 0.0433 0.0443 0.0453 0.0463 0.0473 0.0482 0.0492 0.0501 0.0510 0.0520 0.0529 0.0538 0.0547 0.0556 0.0565 0.0574 0.0582 0.0591 0.0600 0.0609 0.0617 0.0626 0.0635 0.0643 0.0652 0.0661 0.0669 0.0678

600 (5.86°C) H (407.2) 410.3 414.1 417.8 421.5 425.2 428.9 432.6 436.3 440.0 443.7 447.5 451.2 454.9 458.7 462.4 466.2 470.0 473.8 477.6 481.5 485.3 489.2 493.1 497.0 500.9 504.9 508.9 512.8 516.9 520.9 524.9

V (0.0338) 0.0346 0.0355 0.0364 0.0373 0.0382 0.0391 0.0399 0.0408 0.0416 0.0424 0.0433 0.0441 0.0449 0.0457 0.0465 0.0472 0.0480 0.0488 0.0496 0.0503 0.0511 0.0519 0.0526 0.0534 0.0541 0.0549 0.0556 0.0564 0.0571 0.0578 0.0586

700 (10.92°C) H (408.9) 412.1 415.9 419.8 423.6 427.4 431.2 434.9 438.7 442.5 446.2 450.0 453.8 457.6 461.4 465.2 469.0 472.9 476.7 480.6 484.5 488.4 492.3 496.2 500.2 504.2 508.2 512.2 516.2 520.3 524.3 528.4

S (1.742) 1.754 1.767 1.780 1.792 1.805 1.817 1.829 1.840 1.852 1.863 1.874 1.886 1.897 1.907 1.918 1.929 1.939 1.950 1.960 1.970 1.980 1.990 2.000 2.010 2.020 2.030 2.039 2.049 2.059 2.068 2.077

V (0.0380) 0.0384 0.0394 0.0404 0.0414 0.0424 0.0433 0.0443 0.0452 0.0461 0.0471 0.0480 0.0489 0.0497 0.0506 0.0515 0.0524 0.0532 0.0541 0.0550 0.0558 0.0567 0.0575 0.0583 0.0592 0.0600 0.0609 0.0617 0.0625 0.0633 0.0642 0.0650

625 (7.18°C) H (407.6) 409.8 413.6 417.4 421.1 424.8 428.6 432.3 436.0 439.7 443.4 447.2 450.9 454.6 458.4 462.2 465.9 469.7 473.6 477.4 481.2 485.1 489.0 492.9 496.8 500.7 504.7 508.7 512.7 516.7 520.7 524.8

V (0.0326) 0.0332 0.0341 0.0350 0.0359 0.0367 0.0376 0.0384 0.0392 0.0401 0.0409 0.0417 0.0424 0.0432 0.0440 0.0448 0.0455 0.0463 0.0470 0.0478 0.0485 0.0493 0.0500 0.0507 0.0515 0.0522 0.0529 0.0536 0.0544 0.0551 0.0558 0.0565

725 (12.10°C) H (409.2) 411.5 415.5 419.3 423.2 427.0 430.8 434.6 438.4 442.1 445.9 449.7 453.5 457.3 461.1 465.0 468.8 472.6 476.5 480.4 484.3 488.2 492.1 496.1 500.0 504.0 508.0 512.0 516.0 520.1 524.2 528.2

S (1.741) 1.748 1.762 1.775 1.787 1.800 1.812 1.824 1.836 1.847 1.859 1.870 1.881 1.892 1.903 1.914 1.924 1.935 1.945 1.956 1.966 1.976 1.986 1.996 2.006 2.016 2.026 2.035 2.045 2.054 2.064 2.073

V (0.0363) 0.0366 0.0377 0.0387 0.0396 0.0406 0.0415 0.0424 0.0433 0.0442 0.0451 0.0460 0.0468 0.0477 0.0486 0.0494 0.0503 0.0511 0.0519 0.0527 0.0536 0.0544 0.0552 0.0560 0.0568 0.0576 0.0584 0.0592 0.0600 0.0608 0.0616 0.0624

650 (8.46°C) H (408.0) 409.2 413.1 416.9 420.7 424.4 428.2 431.9 435.6 439.4 443.1 446.8 450.6 454.4 458.1 461.9 465.7 469.5 473.3 477.2 481.0 484.9 488.8 492.7 496.6 500.6 504.5 508.5 512.5 516.5 520.6 524.6

S (1.739) 1.743 1.757 1.770 1.782 1.795 1.807 1.819 1.831 1.843 1.854 1.865 1.877 1.888 1.899 1.909 1.920 1.931 1.941 1.951 1.962 1.972 1.982 1.992 2.002 2.012 2.021 2.031 2.041 2.050 2.060 2.069

V (0.0350) 0.0351 0.0361 0.0370 0.0380 0.0389 0.0398 0.0407 0.0416 0.0424 0.0433 0.0441 0.0450 0.0458 0.0466 0.0475 0.0483 0.0491 0.0499 0.0507 0.0515 0.0523 0.0531 0.0539 0.0546 0.0554 0.0562 0.0570 0.0577 0.0585 0.0593 0.0600

675 (9.71°C) H (408.5) 408.7 412.6 416.4 420.2 424.0 427.8 431.5 435.3 439.0 442.8 446.5 450.3 454.1 457.9 461.7 465.5 469.3 473.1 477.0 480.8 484.7 488.6 492.5 496.4 500.4 504.4 508.3 512.3 516.4 520.4 524.5

V (0.0305) 0.0306 0.0315 0.0324 0.0332 0.0341 0.0349 0.0357 0.0365 0.0372 0.0380 0.0387 0.0395 0.0402 0.0410 0.0417 0.0424 0.0431 0.0438 0.0445 0.0452 0.0459 0.0466 0.0473 0.0480 0.0487 0.0494 0.0501 0.0507 0.0514 0.0521 0.0528

775 (14.37°C) H (410.0) 410.5 414.5 418.4 422.3 426.2 430.0 433.9 437.7 441.5 445.3 449.1 453.0 456.8 460.6 464.5 468.3 472.2 476.1 480.0 483.9 487.8 491.7 495.7 499.7 503.6 507.6 511.7 515.7 519.8 523.9 527.9

Temp °C S (1.737) 1.738 1.752 1.765 1.778 1.790 1.803 1.815 1.827 1.838 1.850 1.861 1.872 1.883 1.894 1.905 1.916 1.926 1.937 1.947 1.958 1.968 1.978 1.988 1.998 2.008 2.018 2.027 2.037 2.046 2.056 2.065

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155


15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165

S (1.736) 1.747 1.760 1.773 1.786 1.798 1.810 1.822 1.834 1.846 1.857 1.868 1.879 1.890 1.901 1.912 1.923 1.933 1.943 1.954 1.964 1.974 1.984 1.994 2.004 2.014 2.023 2.033 2.043 2.052 2.062 2.071

S (1.734) 1.742 1.755 1.769 1.781 1.794 1.806 1.818 1.830 1.842 1.853 1.864 1.875 1.886 1.897 1.908 1.919 1.929 1.940 1.950 1.960 1.970 1.980 1.990 2.000 2.010 2.020 2.029 2.039 2.049 2.058 2.067

V (0.0315) 0.0319 0.0328 0.0337 0.0345 0.0354 0.0362 0.0370 0.0378 0.0386 0.0394 0.0402 0.0409 0.0417 0.0424 0.0432 0.0439 0.0446 0.0454 0.0461 0.0468 0.0475 0.0483 0.0490 0.0497 0.0504 0.0511 0.0518 0.0525 0.0532 0.0539 0.0546

750 (13.25°C) H (409.6) 411 415 418.9 422.7 426.6 430.4 434.2 438.0 441.8 445.6 449.4 453.2 457.1 460.9 464.7 468.6 472.4 476.3 480.2 484.1 488.0 491.9 495.9 499.8 503.8 507.8 511.8 515.9 519.9 524.0 528.1

S (1.732) 1.737 1.751 1.764 1.777 1.790 1.802 1.814 1.826 1.838 1.849 1.860 1.872 1.883 1.893 1.904 1.915 1.925 1.936 1.946 1.957 1.967 1.977 1.987 1.997 2.006 2.016 2.026 2.035 2.045 2.054 2.064

Temp °C S (1.731) 1.733 1.747 1.760 1.773 1.785 1.798 1.810 1.822 1.834 1.845 1.857 1.868 1.879 1.890 1.901 1.911 1.922 1.932 1.943 1.953 1.963 1.973 1.983 1.993 2.003 2.013 2.022 2.032 2.042 2.051 2.060

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165







20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170

V (0.0296) 0.0304 0.0312 0.0321 0.0329 0.0337 0.0344 0.0352 0.0360 0.0367 0.0374 0.0382 0.0389 0.0396 0.0403 0.0410 0.0417 0.0424 0.0431 0.0437 0.0444 0.0451 0.0458 0.0464 0.0471 0.0478 0.0484 0.0491 0.0497 0.0504 0.0511 0.0517

800 (15.46°C) H (410.3) 414.0 417.9 421.9 425.8 429.6 433.5 437.3 441.2 445.0 448.8 452.7 456.5 460.4 464.2 468.1 471.9 475.8 479.7 483.7 487.6 491.5 495.5 499.5 503.5 507.5 511.5 515.6 519.6 523.7 527.8 531.9

V (0.0236) 0.0239 0.0246 0.0253 0.0260 0.0267 0.0273 0.0280 0.0286 0.0292 0.0299 0.0305 0.0311 0.0316 0.0322 0.0328 0.0334 0.0339 0.0345 0.0351 0.0356 0.0362 0.0367 0.0373 0.0378 0.0384 0.0389 0.0394 0.0400 0.0405 0.0410 0.0416

1000 (23.42°C) H (412.6) 414.0 418.2 422.3 426.4 430.5 434.5 438.5 442.4 446.4 450.3 454.3 458.2 462.2 466.1 470.1 474.0 478.0 482.0 485.9 489.9 494.0 498.0 502.0 506.1 510.1 514.2 518.3 522.5 526.6 530.7 534.9

S (1.730) 1.742 1.756 1.769 1.781 1.794 1.806 1.818 1.830 1.841 1.853 1.864 1.875 1.886 1.897 1.908 1.918 1.929 1.939 1.950 1.960 1.970 1.980 1.990 2.000 2.009 2.019 2.029 2.038 2.048 2.057 2.066

V (0.0278) 0.0282 0.0291 0.0299 0.0307 0.0314 0.0322 0.0329 0.0336 0.0343 0.0350 0.0357 0.0364 0.0371 0.0377 0.0384 0.0391 0.0397 0.0404 0.0410 0.0417 0.0423 0.0430 0.0436 0.0442 0.0448 0.0455 0.0461 0.0467 0.0473 0.0480 0.0486

850 (17.58°C) H (410.9) 412.9 417.0 421.0 424.9 428.9 432.8 436.6 440.5 444.4 448.2 452.1 456.0 459.8 463.7 467.6 471.5 475.4 479.3 483.2 487.2 491.1 495.1 499.1 503.1 507.1 511.2 515.2 519.3 523.4 527.5 531.6

V (0.0214) 0.0219 0.0225 0.0232 0.0238 0.0245 0.0251 0.0257 0.0263 0.0268 0.0274 0.0279 0.0285 0.0290 0.0296 0.0301 0.0306 0.0312 0.0317 0.0322 0.0327 0.0332 0.0337 0.0342 0.0347 0.0352 0.0357 0.0362 0.0367 0.0372 0.0377

1100 (26.95°C) H (413.5) 416.2 420.5 424.7 428.9 433.0 437.1 441.1 445.1 449.1 453.1 457.1 461.1 465.1 469.1 473.1 477.1 481.1 485.1 489.1 493.2 497.2 501.3 505.4 509.5 513.6 517.7 521.8 526.0 530.1 534.3

S (1.727) 1.734 1.747 1.761 1.774 1.786 1.799 1.811 1.823 1.834 1.846 1.857 1.868 1.879 1.890 1.901 1.912 1.922 1.933 1.943 1.953 1.963 1.973 1.983 1.993 2.003 2.013 2.022 2.032 2.041 2.051 2.060

V (0.0263) 0.0264 0.0272 0.0279 0.0287 0.0294 0.0301 0.0308 0.0315 0.0322 0.0329 0.0335 0.0342 0.0348 0.0355 0.0361 0.0368 0.0374 0.0380 0.0386 0.0392 0.0398 0.0404 0.0410 0.0416 0.0422 0.0428 0.0434 0.0440 0.0446 0.0452 0.0458

900 (19.60°C) H (411.5) 411.9 416.0 420.1 424.1 428.1 432.0 435.9 439.8 443.7 447.6 451.5 455.4 459.3 463.2 467.1 471.0 474.9 478.9 482.8 486.8 490.7 494.7 498.7 502.7 506.8 510.8 514.9 519.0 523.1 527.2 531.3

S (1.724) 1.725 1.739 1.753 1.766 1.779 1.791 1.804 1.816 1.827 1.839 1.850 1.862 1.873 1.884 1.894 1.905 1.916 1.926 1.937 1.947 1.957 1.967 1.977 1.987 1.997 2.007 2.016 2.026 2.035 2.045 2.054

V (0.0249) 0.0254 0.0262 0.0269 0.0276 0.0283 0.0290 0.0297 0.0303 0.0310 0.0316 0.0322 0.0329 0.0335 0.0341 0.0347 0.0353 0.0359 0.0365 0.0370 0.0376 0.0382 0.0388 0.0393 0.0399 0.0405 0.0410 0.0416 0.0422 0.0427 0.0433

950 (21.55°C) H (412.1) 415.0 419.1 423.2 427.3 431.2 435.2 439.2 443.1 447.0 450.9 454.8 458.8 462.7 466.6 470.5 474.5 478.4 482.4 486.4 490.3 494.3 498.4 502.4 506.4 510.5 514.6 518.7 522.8 526.9 531.0

V (0.0180) 0.0182 0.0188 0.0194 0.0200 0.0206 0.0211 0.0216 0.0222 0.0227 0.0232 0.0236 0.0241 0.0246 0.0251 0.0255 0.0260 0.0264 0.0269 0.0273 0.0278 0.0282 0.0286 0.0291 0.0295 0.0299 0.0304 0.0308 0.0312 0.0316

1300 (33.37°C) H (415.0) 416.5 421.1 425.5 429.8 434.1 438.3 442.5 446.6 450.8 454.9 459.0 463.0 467.1 471.2 475.3 479.3 483.4 487.5 491.6 495.7 499.8 503.9 508.1 512.2 516.4 520.5 524.7 528.9 533.1

Temp °C S (1.722) 1.732 1.745 1.759 1.772 1.784 1.797 1.809 1.821 1.832 1.844 1.855 1.866 1.877 1.888 1.899 1.910 1.920 1.931 1.941 1.951 1.961 1.971 1.981 1.991 2.001 2.010 2.020 2.030 2.039 2.048

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170


25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175

S (1.719) 1.724 1.738 1.752 1.765 1.778 1.790 1.802 1.814 1.826 1.838 1.849 1.860 1.871 1.882 1.893 1.904 1.914 1.925 1.935 1.945 1.956 1.966 1.976 1.985 1.995 2.005 2.015 2.024 2.034 2.043 2.052

S (1.715) 1.724 1.738 1.751 1.765 1.777 1.790 1.802 1.814 1.826 1.838 1.849 1.860 1.871 1.882 1.893 1.904 1.914 1.924 1.935 1.945 1.955 1.965 1.975 1.985 1.995 2.004 2.014 2.023 2.033 2.042

V (0.0196) 0.0202 0.0209 0.0215 0.0221 0.0226 0.0232 0.0238 0.0243 0.0248 0.0254 0.0259 0.0264 0.0269 0.0274 0.0279 0.0284 0.0288 0.0293 0.0298 0.0303 0.0307 0.0312 0.0317 0.0321 0.0326 0.0330 0.0335 0.0339 0.0344

1200 (30.26°C) H (414.3) 418.6 422.9 427.2 431.4 435.6 439.7 443.8 447.9 452.0 456.0 460.0 464.1 468.1 472.1 476.2 480.2 484.3 488.3 492.4 496.5 500.6 504.7 508.8 512.9 517.0 521.2 525.4 529.5 533.7

S (1.711) 1.725 1.739 1.752 1.765 1.778 1.791 1.803 1.815 1.827 1.838 1.850 1.861 1.872 1.883 1.893 1.904 1.915 1.925 1.935 1.945 1.955 1.965 1.975 1.985 1.995 2.004 2.014 2.024 2.033

Temp °C S (1.707) 1.712 1.726 1.740 1.754 1.767 1.780 1.792 1.804 1.816 1.828 1.840 1.851 1.862 1.873 1.884 1.895 1.905 1.916 1.926 1.936 1.946 1.956 1.966 1.976 1.986 1.996 2.005 2.015 2.024

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175







40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190

V (0.0167) 0.0171 0.0177 0.0183 0.0188 0.0193 0.0198 0.0203 0.0208 0.0213 0.0217 0.0222 0.0226 0.0231 0.0235 0.0239 0.0244 0.0248 0.0252 0.0256 0.0260 0.0265 0.0269 0.0273 0.0277 0.0281 0.0285 0.0289 0.0292 0.0296 0.0300 0.0304

1400 (36.31°C) H (415.6) 419.1 423.7 428.2 432.5 436.9 441.1 445.3 449.5 453.7 457.8 462.0 466.1 470.2 474.3 478.4 482.6 486.7 490.8 494.9 499.1 503.2 507.4 511.5 515.7 519.9 524.1 528.3 532.6 536.8 541.1 545.3

V (0.0127) 0.0130 0.0135 0.0140 0.0145 0.0149 0.0154 0.0158 0.0162 0.0166 0.0169 0.0173 0.0177 0.0180 0.0184 0.0188 0.0191 0.0194 0.0198 0.0201 0.0205 0.0208 0.0211 0.0214 0.0218 0.0221 0.0224 0.0227 0.0230 0.0233 0.0236 0.0240

1800 (46.71°C) H (417.1) 420.6 425.6 430.5 435.2 439.8 444.3 448.8 453.2 457.5 461.9 466.2 470.5 474.7 479.0 483.3 487.5 491.8 496.0 500.3 504.5 508.8 513.0 517.3 521.6 525.9 530.2 534.5 538.8 543.1 547.5 551.8

S (1.703) 1.714 1.729 1.743 1.756 1.769 1.782 1.795 1.807 1.819 1.830 1.842 1.853 1.864 1.875 1.886 1.896 1.907 1.917 1.928 1.938 1.948 1.958 1.968 1.978 1.987 1.997 2.007 2.016 2.026 2.035 2.044

V (0.0155) 0.0156 0.0162 0.0167 0.0172 0.0177 0.0182 0.0187 0.0192 0.0196 0.0201 0.0205 0.0209 0.0213 0.0218 0.0222 0.0226 0.0230 0.0234 0.0238 0.0242 0.0246 0.0249 0.0253 0.0257 0.0261 0.0264 0.0268 0.0272 0.0276 0.0279 0.0283

1500 (39.10°C) H (416.1) 417.0 421.8 426.4 430.9 435.4 439.7 444.0 448.3 452.5 456.7 460.9 465.1 469.2 473.4 477.5 481.7 485.8 490.0 494.1 498.3 502.5 506.7 510.9 515.1 519.3 523.5 527.7 532.0 536.2 540.5 544.8

V (0.0119) 0.0120 0.0126 0.0130 0.0135 0.0139 0.0143 0.0147 0.0151 0.0155 0.0159 0.0162 0.0166 0.0170 0.0173 0.0176 0.0180 0.0183 0.0186 0.0190 0.0193 0.0196 0.0199 0.0202 0.0205 0.0208 0.0211 0.0214 0.0217 0.0220 0.0223 0.0226

1900 (49.03°C) H (417.4) 418.4 423.7 428.7 433.6 438.3 442.9 447.5 451.9 456.4 460.8 465.1 469.5 473.8 478.1 482.4 486.7 490.9 495.2 499.5 503.8 508.1 512.3 516.6 520.9 525.2 529.6 533.9 538.2 542.6 546.9 551.3

S (1.700) 1.702 1.718 1.732 1.746 1.759 1.772 1.785 1.797 1.809 1.821 1.833 1.844 1.855 1.866 1.877 1.888 1.899 1.909 1.920 1.930 1.940 1.950 1.960 1.970 1.980 1.989 1.999 2.009 2.018 2.027 2.037

V (0.0144) 0.0148 0.0153 0.0159 0.0164 0.0168 0.0173 0.0177 0.0182 0.0186 0.0190 0.0194 0.0198 0.0202 0.0206 0.0210 0.0214 0.0218 0.0222 0.0225 0.0229 0.0233 0.0236 0.0240 0.0243 0.0247 0.0250 0.0254 0.0257 0.0261 0.0264

1600 (41.75°C) H (416.5) 419.8 424.6 429.2 433.8 438.3 442.7 447.0 451.3 455.6 459.8 464.0 468.2 472.4 476.6 480.8 485.0 489.2 493.4 497.5 501.7 505.9 510.2 514.4 518.6 522.9 527.1 531.4 535.6 539.9 544.2

S (1.696) 1.706 1.721 1.736 1.750 1.763 1.776 1.788 1.801 1.813 1.824 1.836 1.847 1.858 1.869 1.880 1.891 1.902 1.912 1.922 1.933 1.943 1.953 1.963 1.972 1.982 1.992 2.001 2.011 2.020 2.030

V (0.0135) 0.0136 0.0141 0.0146 0.0151 0.0156 0.0160 0.0165 0.0169 0.0173 0.0177 0.0181 0.0185 0.0189 0.0193 0.0196 0.0200 0.0204 0.0207 0.0211 0.0214 0.0218 0.0221 0.0225 0.0228 0.0231 0.0235 0.0238 0.0241 0.0245 0.0248

1700 (44.28°C) H (416.9) 417.6 422.6 427.5 432.2 436.8 441.2 445.7 450.0 454.4 458.7 463.0 467.2 471.5 475.7 479.9 484.1 488.3 492.6 496.8 501.0 505.2 509.5 513.7 518.0 522.2 526.5 530.8 535.1 539.4 543.7

V (0.0106) 0.0108 0.0113 0.0118 0.0122 0.0126 0.0130 0.0134 0.0137 0.0141 0.0144 0.0148 0.0151 0.0154 0.0157 0.0160 0.0163 0.0166 0.0169 0.0172 0.0175 0.0178 0.0181 0.0184 0.0187 0.0190 0.0192 0.0195 0.0198 0.0201 0.0203

2100 (53.43°C) H (417.6) 419.4 424.9 430.1 435.1 440.0 444.7 449.4 454.0 458.5 463.0 467.4 471.8 476.2 480.6 484.9 489.3 493.6 498.0 502.3 506.6 511.0 515.3 519.6 524.0 528.3 532.7 537.1 541.5 545.8 550.2

Temp °C S (1.693) 1.695 1.711 1.726 1.740 1.754 1.767 1.780 1.792 1.804 1.816 1.828 1.839 1.851 1.862 1.873 1.884 1.894 1.905 1.915 1.925 1.936 1.946 1.956 1.965 1.975 1.985 1.995 2.004 2.014 2.023

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190


50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200

S (1.690) 1.700 1.716 1.731 1.745 1.758 1.771 1.784 1.796 1.808 1.820 1.832 1.843 1.854 1.866 1.876 1.887 1.898 1.908 1.919 1.929 1.939 1.949 1.959 1.969 1.978 1.988 1.998 2.007 2.017 2.026 2.035

S (1.687) 1.690 1.706 1.721 1.736 1.750 1.763 1.776 1.788 1.801 1.813 1.825 1.836 1.847 1.859 1.870 1.880 1.891 1.902 1.912 1.922 1.932 1.943 1.953 1.962 1.972 1.982 1.991 2.001 2.010 2.020 2.029

V (0.0113) 0.0116 0.0121 0.0126 0.0130 0.0134 0.0138 0.0142 0.0146 0.0149 0.0153 0.0156 0.0160 0.0163 0.0166 0.0170 0.0173 0.0176 0.0179 0.0182 0.0185 0.0188 0.0191 0.0194 0.0197 0.0200 0.0203 0.0206 0.0209 0.0211 0.0214

2000 (51.27°C) H (417.5) 421.6 426.9 431.9 436.8 441.5 446.1 450.7 455.2 459.6 464.1 468.5 472.8 477.2 481.5 485.8 490.1 494.4 498.7 503.0 507.3 511.7 516.0 520.3 524.6 529.0 533.3 537.7 542.0 546.4 550.8

S (1.683) 1.696 1.712 1.727 1.741 1.755 1.768 1.781 1.793 1.806 1.817 1.829 1.841 1.852 1.863 1.874 1.885 1.895 1.906 1.916 1.926 1.936 1.946 1.956 1.966 1.976 1.986 1.995 2.005 2.014 2.023

Temp °C S (1.680) 1.686 1.702 1.718 1.733 1.747 1.760 1.773 1.786 1.798 1.811 1.822 1.834 1.845 1.857 1.868 1.878 1.889 1.900 1.910 1.920 1.931 1.941 1.951 1.960 1.970 1.980 1.989 1.999 2.008 2.018

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200







60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210

V (0.0101) 0.0105 0.0110 0.0114 0.0118 0.0122 0.0126 0.0129 0.0133 0.0136 0.0139 0.0143 0.0146 0.0149 0.0152 0.0155 0.0158 0.0161 0.0164 0.0167 0.0169 0.0172 0.0175 0.0178 0.0180 0.0183 0.0186 0.0188 0.0191 0.0194 0.0196 0.0199

2200 (55.51°C) H (417.7) 422.8 428.3 433.5 438.5 443.3 448.1 452.7 457.3 461.9 466.4 470.8 475.3 479.7 484.1 488.5 492.8 497.2 501.5 505.9 510.3 514.6 519.0 523.4 527.7 532.1 536.5 540.9 545.3 549.7 554.1 558.6

V (0.0082) 0.0084 0.0089 0.0093 0.0097 0.0100 0.0104 0.0107 0.0110 0.0113 0.0116 0.0119 0.0122 0.0125 0.0128 0.0130 0.0133 0.0135 0.0138 0.0140 0.0143 0.0145 0.0148 0.0150 0.0152 0.0155 0.0157 0.0159 0.0162 0.0164 0.0166 0.0168

2600 (63.20°C) H (417.3) 419.7 425.9 431.7 437.1 442.4 447.4 452.4 457.2 462.0 466.7 471.3 475.9 480.5 485.0 489.5 494.0 498.5 503.0 507.4 511.9 516.3 520.8 525.2 529.7 534.1 538.6 543.1 547.5 552.0 556.5 561.0

S (1.677) 1.693 1.709 1.724 1.739 1.753 1.766 1.779 1.792 1.804 1.816 1.828 1.839 1.850 1.861 1.872 1.883 1.894 1.904 1.915 1.925 1.935 1.945 1.955 1.965 1.974 1.984 1.994 2.003 2.012 2.022 2.031

V (0.0096) 0.0098 0.0103 0.0107 0.0111 0.0115 0.0119 0.0122 0.0126 0.0129 0.0132 0.0135 0.0138 0.0141 0.0144 0.0147 0.0150 0.0153 0.0156 0.0158 0.0161 0.0164 0.0167 0.0169 0.0172 0.0174 0.0177 0.0179 0.0182 0.0185 0.0187 0.0190

2300 (57.53°C) H (417.6) 420.6 426.3 431.7 436.9 441.9 446.7 451.5 456.1 460.7 465.3 469.8 474.3 478.8 483.2 487.6 492.0 496.4 500.8 505.2 509.6 513.9 518.3 522.7 527.1 531.5 535.9 540.3 544.7 549.2 553.6 558.1

V (0.0079) 0.0079 0.0083 0.0088 0.0092 0.0095 0.0099 0.0102 0.0105 0.0108 0.0111 0.0114 0.0117 0.0119 0.0122 0.0124 0.0127 0.0130 0.0132 0.0134 0.0137 0.0139 0.0142 0.0144 0.0146 0.0148 0.0151 0.0153 0.0155 0.0157 0.0160 0.0162

2700 (64.98°C) H (417.1) 417.1 423.7 429.8 435.4 440.8 446.0 451.1 456.0 460.8 465.6 470.3 474.9 479.5 484.1 488.7 493.2 497.7 502.2 506.7 511.2 515.7 520.1 524.6 529.1 533.6 538.0 542.5 547.0 551.5 556.0 560.5

S (1.674) 1.683 1.700 1.716 1.731 1.745 1.759 1.772 1.785 1.797 1.809 1.821 1.833 1.844 1.855 1.867 1.877 1.888 1.899 1.909 1.919 1.930 1.940 1.950 1.959 1.969 1.979 1.988 1.998 2.007 2.017 2.026

V (0.0091) 0.0091 0.0096 0.0101 0.0105 0.0109 0.0112 0.0116 0.0119 0.0122 0.0125 0.0128 0.0131 0.0134 0.0137 0.0140 0.0143 0.0146 0.0148 0.0151 0.0154 0.0156 0.0159 0.0161 0.0164 0.0166 0.0169 0.0171 0.0174 0.0176 0.0179 0.0181

2400 (59.47°C) H (417.6) 418.2 424.3 429.9 435.2 440.3 445.3 450.2 454.9 459.6 464.2 468.8 473.3 477.8 482.3 486.7 491.2 495.6 500.0 504.4 508.9 513.3 517.7 522.1 526.5 530.9 535.3 539.8 544.2 548.6 553.1 557.5

S (1.671) 1.673 1.691 1.708 1.723 1.738 1.752 1.765 1.778 1.791 1.803 1.815 1.827 1.838 1.850 1.861 1.872 1.883 1.893 1.904 1.914 1.924 1.934 1.944 1.954 1.964 1.974 1.983 1.993 2.002 2.012 2.021

V (0.0086) 0.0090 0.0095 0.0099 0.0102 0.0106 0.0110 0.0113 0.0116 0.0119 0.0122 0.0125 0.0128 0.0131 0.0134 0.0136 0.0139 0.0142 0.0144 0.0147 0.0149 0.0152 0.0154 0.0157 0.0159 0.0162 0.0164 0.0166 0.0169 0.0171 0.0173

2500 (61.36°C) H (417.5) 422.1 428.0 433.5 438.8 443.9 448.8 453.7 458.4 463.1 467.7 472.3 476.9 481.4 485.9 490.4 494.8 499.3 503.7 508.1 512.6 517.0 521.4 525.9 530.3 534.7 539.2 543.6 548.1 552.6 557.0

V (0.0072) 0.0073 0.0078 0.0082 0.0086 0.0089 0.0092 0.0095 0.0098 0.0101 0.0104 0.0107 0.0109 0.0112 0.0114 0.0117 0.0119 0.0122 0.0124 0.0126 0.0128 0.0131 0.0133 0.0135 0.0137 0.0139 0.0141 0.0144 0.0146 0.0148 0.0150

2900 (68.40°C) H (416.5) 418.8 425.6 431.8 437.6 443.1 448.3 453.5 458.5 463.4 468.2 472.9 477.6 482.3 486.9 491.5 496.1 500.7 505.2 509.8 514.3 518.8 523.3 527.8 532.4 536.9 541.4 545.9 550.4 555.0 559.5

Temp °C S (1.668) 1.682 1.699 1.715 1.730 1.745 1.758 1.772 1.784 1.797 1.809 1.821 1.833 1.844 1.855 1.866 1.877 1.888 1.898 1.909 1.919 1.929 1.939 1.949 1.959 1.969 1.979 1.988 1.998 2.007 2.016

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210


65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215

S (1.665) 1.672 1.691 1.707 1.723 1.738 1.752 1.765 1.778 1.791 1.803 1.815 1.827 1.839 1.850 1.861 1.872 1.883 1.893 1.904 1.914 1.924 1.934 1.944 1.954 1.964 1.974 1.983 1.993 2.002 2.012 2.021

S (1.662) 1.662 1.682 1.699 1.715 1.731 1.745 1.759 1.772 1.785 1.797 1.810 1.822 1.833 1.845 1.856 1.867 1.878 1.888 1.899 1.909 1.920 1.930 1.940 1.950 1.960 1.969 1.979 1.988 1.998 2.007 2.017

V (0.0075) 0.0078 0.0083 0.0087 0.0090 0.0094 0.0097 0.0100 0.0103 0.0106 0.0109 0.0111 0.0114 0.0117 0.0119 0.0122 0.0124 0.0127 0.0129 0.0131 0.0134 0.0136 0.0138 0.0140 0.0143 0.0145 0.0147 0.0149 0.0151 0.0153 0.0156

2800 (66.71°C) H (416.8) 421.4 427.8 433.7 439.2 444.6 449.7 454.7 459.7 464.5 469.2 473.9 478.6 483.2 487.8 492.4 496.9 501.4 506.0 510.5 515.0 519.5 524.0 528.5 533.0 537.5 542.0 546.5 551.0 555.5 560.0

S (1.659) 1.673 1.691 1.708 1.724 1.738 1.752 1.766 1.779 1.792 1.804 1.816 1.828 1.839 1.851 1.862 1.873 1.884 1.894 1.905 1.915 1.925 1.935 1.945 1.955 1.965 1.975 1.984 1.994 2.003 2.012

Temp °C S (1.656) 1.663 1.683 1.700 1.716 1.732 1.746 1.760 1.773 1.786 1.799 1.811 1.823 1.834 1.846 1.857 1.868 1.879 1.889 1.900 1.910 1.921 1.931 1.941 1.951 1.961 1.970 1.980 1.989 1.999 2.008

65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215







75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220

V (0.0068) 0.0073 0.0077 0.0081 0.0085 0.0088 0.0091 0.0094 0.0097 0.0100 0.0102 0.0105 0.0107 0.0110 0.0112 0.0114 0.0117 0.0119 0.0121 0.0124 0.0126 0.0128 0.0130 0.0132 0.0134 0.0136 0.0138 0.0140 0.0142 0.0144 0.0146

3000 (70.04°C) H (416.1) 423.3 429.8 435.8 441.5 446.9 452.1 457.2 462.2 467.1 471.9 476.7 481.4 486.1 490.7 495.3 499.9 504.5 509.0 513.6 518.1 522.7 527.2 531.8 536.3 540.8 545.4 549.9 554.4 559.0 563.6

V (0.0057) 0.0061 0.0066 0.0069 0.0073 0.0076 0.0079 0.0082 0.0084 0.0087 0.0089 0.0092 0.0094 0.0096 0.0098 0.0101 0.0103 0.0105 0.0107 0.0109 0.0111 0.0113 0.0115 0.0117 0.0119 0.0120 0.0122 0.0124 0.0126 0.0128

3400 (76.22°C) H (414.0) 420.5 428.0 434.6 440.7 446.5 452.0 457.4 462.6 467.7 472.7 477.6 482.5 487.3 492.0 496.8 501.5 506.1 510.8 515.4 520.1 524.7 529.3 533.9 538.5 543.1 547.7 552.3 557.0 561.6

S (1.653) 1.674 1.692 1.709 1.725 1.740 1.754 1.767 1.781 1.793 1.806 1.818 1.829 1.841 1.852 1.863 1.874 1.885 1.896 1.906 1.916 1.926 1.937 1.946 1.956 1.966 1.976 1.985 1.995 2.004 2.013

V (0.0065) 0.0069 0.0073 0.0077 0.0081 0.0084 0.0087 0.0090 0.0093 0.0095 0.0098 0.0101 0.0103 0.0105 0.0108 0.0110 0.0112 0.0115 0.0117 0.0119 0.0121 0.0123 0.0125 0.0127 0.0129 0.0131 0.0133 0.0135 0.0137 0.0139 0.0141

3100 (71.64°C) H (415.6) 420.9 427.8 434.0 439.9 445.4 450.8 456.0 461.0 466.0 470.9 475.7 480.5 485.2 489.9 494.5 499.1 503.7 508.3 512.9 517.5 522.0 526.6 531.1 535.7 540.2 544.8 549.4 553.9 558.5 563.1

V (0.0055) 0.0058 0.0062 0.0066 0.0069 0.0073 0.0076 0.0078 0.0081 0.0084 0.0086 0.0088 0.0091 0.0093 0.0095 0.0097 0.0099 0.0101 0.0103 0.0105 0.0107 0.0109 0.0111 0.0113 0.0115 0.0117 0.0118 0.0120 0.0122 0.0124

3500 (77.68°C) H (413.3) 417.7 425.7 432.7 439.0 445.0 450.7 456.1 461.4 466.6 471.6 476.6 481.5 486.4 491.2 496.0 500.7 505.4 510.1 514.8 519.4 524.1 528.7 533.3 537.9 542.6 547.2 551.8 556.4 561.1

S (1.650) 1.665 1.684 1.702 1.718 1.733 1.748 1.762 1.775 1.788 1.800 1.813 1.824 1.836 1.847 1.859 1.870 1.880 1.891 1.902 1.912 1.922 1.932 1.942 1.952 1.962 1.972 1.981 1.991 2.000 2.009

V (0.0063) 0.0065 0.0069 0.0073 0.0077 0.0080 0.0083 0.0086 0.0089 0.0091 0.0094 0.0097 0.0099 0.0101 0.0104 0.0106 0.0108 0.0110 0.0113 0.0115 0.0117 0.0119 0.0121 0.0123 0.0125 0.0127 0.0129 0.0131 0.0133 0.0135 0.0136

3200 (73.21°C) H (415.2) 418.1 425.5 432.1 438.2 443.9 449.4 454.7 459.9 464.9 469.8 474.7 479.5 484.3 489.0 493.7 498.3 503.0 507.6 512.2 516.8 521.4 526.0 530.5 535.1 539.7 544.2 548.8 553.4 558.0 562.6

S (1.646) 1.655 1.676 1.695 1.711 1.727 1.742 1.756 1.770 1.783 1.795 1.808 1.820 1.831 1.843 1.854 1.865 1.876 1.887 1.897 1.908 1.918 1.928 1.938 1.948 1.958 1.968 1.977 1.987 1.996 2.006

V (0.0060) 0.0060 0.0065 0.0069 0.0073 0.0076 0.0079 0.0082 0.0085 0.0088 0.0090 0.0093 0.0095 0.0098 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0109 0.0111 0.0113 0.0115 0.0117 0.0119 0.0121 0.0123 0.0124 0.0126 0.0128 0.0130 0.0132

3300 (74.73°C) H (414.6) 415.1 423.1 430.1 436.4 442.3 448.0 453.4 458.6 463.8 468.8 473.7 478.6 483.4 488.1 492.9 497.6 502.2 506.9 511.5 516.1 520.7 525.3 529.9 534.5 539.1 543.7 548.3 552.9 557.5 562.1

V (0.0050) 0.0055 0.0060 0.0063 0.0066 0.0069 0.0072 0.0075 0.0077 0.0080 0.0082 0.0084 0.0087 0.0089 0.0091 0.0093 0.0095 0.0097 0.0099 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0108 0.0110 0.0111 0.0113 0.0115 0.0116

3700 (80.50°C) H (411.7) 420.5 428.5 435.4 441.8 447.8 453.5 459.0 464.3 469.5 474.6 479.6 484.6 489.5 494.3 499.1 503.9 508.6 513.4 518.1 522.8 527.4 532.1 536.8 541.4 546.1 550.8 555.4 560.1

Temp °C S (1.643) 1.644 1.667 1.687 1.705 1.721 1.736 1.750 1.764 1.777 1.790 1.803 1.815 1.827 1.838 1.850 1.861 1.872 1.883 1.893 1.904 1.914 1.924 1.934 1.944 1.954 1.964 1.973 1.983 1.993 2.002

75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220


80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220

S (1.640) 1.658 1.679 1.697 1.714 1.730 1.745 1.759 1.772 1.785 1.798 1.810 1.822 1.834 1.845 1.856 1.868 1.878 1.889 1.900 1.910 1.920 1.930 1.940 1.950 1.960 1.970 1.979 1.989 1.998

S (1.636) 1.648 1.671 1.690 1.708 1.724 1.739 1.753 1.767 1.780 1.793 1.805 1.818 1.829 1.841 1.852 1.863 1.874 1.885 1.896 1.906 1.916 1.927 1.937 1.947 1.956 1.966 1.976 1.985 1.995

V (0.0053) 0.0054 0.0059 0.0063 0.0066 0.0070 0.0072 0.0075 0.0078 0.0080 0.0083 0.0085 0.0087 0.0090 0.0092 0.0094 0.0096 0.0098 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0108 0.0109 0.0111 0.0113 0.0115 0.0117 0.0118 0.0120

3600 (79.11°C) H (412.5) 414.4 423.2 430.6 437.3 443.4 449.2 454.8 460.2 465.5 470.6 475.6 480.6 485.5 490.3 495.1 499.9 504.7 509.4 514.1 518.7 523.4 528.1 532.7 537.4 542.0 546.6 551.3 555.9 560.6

S (1.632) 1.638 1.662 1.683 1.701 1.718 1.733 1.748 1.762 1.775 1.788 1.801 1.813 1.825 1.837 1.848 1.859 1.870 1.881 1.892 1.902 1.913 1.923 1.933 1.943 1.953 1.963 1.972 1.982 1.991

Temp °C S (1.628) 1.653 1.675 1.694 1.712 1.727 1.742 1.757 1.770 1.783 1.796 1.809 1.821 1.832 1.844 1.855 1.866 1.877 1.888 1.898 1.909 1.919 1.929 1.939 1.949 1.959 1.969 1.978 1.988

80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220







85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220

V (0.0048) 0.0052 0.0056 0.0060 0.0064 0.0067 0.0069 0.0072 0.0075 0.0077 0.0079 0.0081 0.0084 0.0086 0.0088 0.0090 0.0092 0.0094 0.0096 0.0097 0.0099 0.0101 0.0103 0.0105 0.0106 0.0108 0.0110 0.0111 0.0113

3800 (81.87°C) H (410.8) 417.5 426.1 433.5 440.1 446.3 452.1 457.7 463.1 468.4 473.6 478.7 483.7 488.6 493.5 498.3 503.1 507.9 512.7 517.4 522.1 526.8 531.5 536.2 540.9 545.5 550.2 554.9 559.6

V (0.0040) 0.0044 0.0049 0.0053 0.0056 0.0059 0.0062 0.0064 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0073 0.0075 0.0077 0.0079 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0086 0.0088 0.0090 0.0092 0.0093 0.0095 0.0096 0.0098 0.0100 0.0101

4200 (87.05°C) H (406.0) 414.4 424.4 432.5 439.7 446.2 452.4 458.2 463.9 469.4 474.7 479.9 485.0 490.1 495.1 500.1 505.0 509.8 514.7 519.5 524.3 529.1 533.8 538.6 543.3 548.1 552.8 557.5

S (1.624) 1.643 1.667 1.687 1.705 1.722 1.737 1.752 1.765 1.779 1.792 1.804 1.816 1.828 1.840 1.851 1.862 1.873 1.884 1.895 1.905 1.916 1.926 1.936 1.946 1.956 1.965 1.975 1.984

V (0.0046) 0.0048 0.0053 0.0057 0.0061 0.0064 0.0067 0.0069 0.0072 0.0074 0.0077 0.0079 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0087 0.0089 0.0091 0.0093 0.0094 0.0096 0.0098 0.0100 0.0102 0.0103 0.0105 0.0107 0.0108 0.0110

3900 (83.20°C) H (409.8) 414.1 423.6 431.4 438.3 444.7 450.7 456.4 462.0 467.3 472.6 477.7 482.7 487.7 492.7 497.5 502.4 507.2 512.0 516.7 521.5 526.2 530.9 535.6 540.3 545.0 549.7 554.4 559.0

V (0.0038) 0.0041 0.0047 0.0051 0.0054 0.0057 0.0060 0.0062 0.0065 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0073 0.0075 0.0077 0.0079 0.0081 0.0082 0.0084 0.0086 0.0087 0.0089 0.0091 0.0092 0.0094 0.0095 0.0097 0.0099

4300 (88.29°C) H (404.5) 410.2 421.7 430.4 437.9 444.7 451.0 457.0 462.7 468.2 473.7 478.9 484.1 489.2 494.3 499.3 504.2 509.1 514.0 518.8 523.6 528.4 533.2 538.0 542.8 547.5 552.3 557.0

S (1.620) 1.632 1.659 1.680 1.699 1.716 1.732 1.746 1.761 1.774 1.787 1.800 1.812 1.824 1.836 1.847 1.859 1.870 1.880 1.891 1.902 1.912 1.922 1.932 1.942 1.952 1.962 1.972 1.981

V (0.0044) 0.0045 0.0050 0.0055 0.0058 0.0061 0.0064 0.0067 0.0069 0.0072 0.0074 0.0076 0.0078 0.0080 0.0082 0.0084 0.0086 0.0088 0.0090 0.0092 0.0093 0.0095 0.0097 0.0099 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0105 0.0107

4000 (84.51°C) H (408.6) 410.0 420.9 429.3 436.5 443.1 449.3 455.1 460.7 466.2 471.5 476.7 481.8 486.8 491.8 496.7 501.6 506.5 511.3 516.0 520.8 525.6 530.3 535.0 539.7 544.4 549.1 553.8 558.5

S (1.616) 1.620 1.650 1.673 1.692 1.710 1.726 1.741 1.756 1.769 1.783 1.796 1.808 1.820 1.832 1.843 1.855 1.866 1.877 1.888 1.898 1.909 1.919 1.929 1.939 1.949 1.959 1.968 1.978

V (0.0042) 0.0047 0.0052 0.0056 0.0059 0.0062 0.0064 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0074 0.0076 0.0078 0.0080 0.0082 0.0084 0.0085 0.0087 0.0089 0.0091 0.0092 0.0094 0.0096 0.0097 0.0099 0.0101 0.0102 0.0104

4100 (85.50°C) H (407.4) 417.8 426.9 434.6 441.4 447.8 453.8 459.5 465.0 470.4 475.7 480.9 485.9 491.0 495.9 500.8 505.7 510.5 515.4 520.2 524.9 529.7 534.4 539.2 543.9 548.6 553.3 558.0

V (0.0035) 0.0041 0.0046 0.0049 0.0053 0.0055 0.0058 0.0060 0.0063 0.0065 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0073 0.0074 0.0076 0.0078 0.0080 0.0081 0.0083 0.0084 0.0086 0.0088 0.0089 0.0091 0.0092 0.0094

4500 (90.68°C) H (400.7) 415.3 425.7 434.0 441.3 448.0 454.3 460.3 466.0 471.5 477.0 482.3 487.5 492.6 497.7 502.7 507.7 512.6 517.5 522.3 527.2 532.0 536.8 541.6 546.4 551.2 556.0

Temp °C S (1.611) 1.640 1.665 1.686 1.704 1.721 1.736 1.751 1.765 1.778 1.791 1.804 1.816 1.828 1.840 1.851 1.862 1.873 1.884 1.895 1.905 1.915 1.926 1.936 1.946 1.955 1.965 1.975

85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220


90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220

S (1.606) 1.629 1.657 1.679 1.698 1.715 1.731 1.746 1.760 1.774 1.787 1.800 1.812 1.824 1.836 1.847 1.859 1.870 1.881 1.891 1.902 1.912 1.922 1.932 1.942 1.952 1.962 1.972

S (1.601) 1.617 1.648 1.672 1.692 1.709 1.726 1.741 1.756 1.769 1.783 1.796 1.808 1.820 1.832 1.844 1.855 1.866 1.877 1.888 1.898 1.909 1.919 1.929 1.939 1.949 1.959 1.969

V (0.0036) 0.0037 0.0044 0.0048 0.0052 0.0055 0.0058 0.0060 0.0062 0.0065 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0073 0.0075 0.0077 0.0078 0.0080 0.0082 0.0083 0.0085 0.0087 0.0088 0.0090 0.0091 0.0093 0.0095 0.0096

4400 (89.50°C) H (402.7) 404.9 418.7 428.1 436.0 443.0 449.5 455.6 461.5 467.1 472.6 478.0 483.2 488.4 493.4 498.5 503.5 508.4 513.3 518.2 523.0 527.8 532.6 537.4 542.2 547.0 551.7 556.5

S (1.595) 1.601 1.639 1.664 1.685 1.704 1.720 1.736 1.751 1.765 1.779 1.792 1.804 1.816 1.828 1.840 1.851 1.863 1.874 1.884 1.895 1.906 1.916 1.926 1.936 1.946 1.956 1.966

Temp °C S (1.588) 1.628 1.656 1.679 1.698 1.715 1.731 1.746 1.761 1.774 1.787 1.800 1.813 1.825 1.836 1.848 1.859 1.870 1.881 1.892 1.902 1.913 1.923 1.933 1.943 1.953 1.963

90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220







95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220

V (0.0033) 0.0038 0.0043 0.0047 0.0051 0.0053 0.0056 0.0058 0.0061 0.0063 0.0065 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0072 0.0074 0.0076 0.0077 0.0079 0.0081 0.0082 0.0084 0.0085 0.0087 0.0088 0.0090 0.0091

4600 (91.84°C) H (398.3) 411.3 423.0 431.9 439.6 446.5 452.9 459.0 464.8 470.5 476.0 481.3 486.6 491.8 496.9 501.9 506.9 511.9 516.8 521.7 526.6 531.4 536.3 541.1 545.9 550.7 555.5

S (1.581) 1.616 1.648 1.672 1.692 1.710 1.726 1.742 1.756 1.770 1.783 1.796 1.809 1.821 1.833 1.844 1.856 1.867 1.878 1.889 1.899 1.910 1.920 1.930 1.940 1.950 1.960

V (0.0031) 0.0035 0.0041 0.0045 0.0049 0.0051 0.0054 0.0056 0.0059 0.0061 0.0063 0.0065 0.0067 0.0069 0.0070 0.0072 0.0074 0.0075 0.0077 0.0079 0.0080 0.0082 0.0083 0.0085 0.0086 0.0088 0.0089

4700 (92.98°C) H (395.4) 406.4 420.1 429.7 437.7 444.9 451.5 457.7 463.7 469.4 474.9 480.4 485.7 490.9 496.1 501.1 506.2 511.2 516.1 521.0 525.9 530.8 535.7 540.5 545.3 550.1 555.0

S (1.572) 1.602 1.639 1.665 1.686 1.704 1.721 1.737 1.752 1.766 1.779 1.793 1.805 1.817 1.829 1.841 1.852 1.864 1.875 1.885 1.896 1.907 1.917 1.927 1.937 1.947 1.957

V (0.0028) 0.0032 0.0039 0.0043 0.0047 0.0050 0.0052 0.0055 0.0057 0.0059 0.0061 0.0063 0.0065 0.0067 0.0069 0.0070 0.0072 0.0074 0.0075 0.0077 0.0078 0.0080 0.0081 0.0083 0.0084 0.0086 0.0087

4800 (94.1°C) H (391.6) 399.4 416.9 427.4 435.8 443.2 450.0 456.4 462.5 468.3 473.9 479.4 484.8 490.0 495.2 500.4 505.4 510.5 515.4 520.4 525.3 530.2 535.1 539.9 544.8 549.6 554.4

S (1.561) 1.582 1.629 1.657 1.679 1.699 1.716 1.732 1.747 1.762 1.775 1.789 1.801 1.814 1.826 1.838 1.849 1.860 1.871 1.882 1.893 1.904 1.914 1.924 1.934 1.944 1.954

V (0.0026) 0.0036 0.0041 0.0045 0.0048 0.0050 0.0053 0.0055 0.0057 0.0059 0.0061 0.0063 0.0065 0.0067 0.0068 0.0070 0.0072 0.0073 0.0075 0.0076 0.0078 0.0079 0.0081 0.0082 0.0084 0.0085

4900 (95.19°C) H (386.1) 413.2 424.8 433.8 441.5 448.5 455.1 461.2 467.1 472.9 478.4 483.9 489.2 494.4 499.6 504.7 509.7 514.8 519.7 524.7 529.6 534.5 539.4 544.2 549.1 553.9

Temp °C S (1.545) 1.619 1.650 1.673 1.693 1.711 1.728 1.743 1.758 1.771 1.785 1.798 1.810 1.822 1.834 1.846 1.857 1.868 1.879 1.890 1.901 1.911 1.921 1.931 1.941 1.951

95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220


Europe

Pacific










d

Suva

®

Only by DuPont


l

T-502 SI



®


l

Thermodynamic Properties of R-502 Refrigerant (R-22/R-115 48.8/51.2% by weight) SI Units Tables of the thermodynamic properties of R-502 have been developed and are presented here. This information is based on values calculated using the NIST REFPROP Database (McLinden, M.O., Klein, S.A., Lemmon, E.W., and Peskin, A.P., NIST Standard Reference Database 23, NIST thermodynamic and transport properties of refrigerants and refrigerant mixtures – REFPROP version 6.01, Standard Reference Data Program, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998.

Units P = Pressure in kPa. Absolute T = Temperature in Celcius Vf = Fluid (liquid) specific volume in cubic meters per kilogram Vg = Vapour (gas) specific volume in cubic meters per kilogram h = Enthalpy (kJ/kg) s = Entropy (kJ/kg.K)


CHClF2 /CClF2 CF3 (48.8/51.2% by weight)

Molecular mass

111.6


-45.26 °C


80.73°C

Critical Pressure

4018 kPa

Critical Density

568.9 kg/m3

Critical Volume

0.0018 m 3 /kg

l

TABLE 1 ®


-100 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -80 -79 -78 -77 -76 -75 -74 -73 -72 -71 -70 -69 -68 -67 -66 -65 -64 -63 -62 -61 -60 -59 -58 -57 -56 -55 -54 -53 -52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47

Pressure [kPa] Liquid Vapour

Volume [m3/kg] Liquid Vapour vf vg

Density [kg/m3] Liquid Vapour df dg

3.006 3.282 3.578 3.897 4.24 4.607 5.001 5.423 5.875 6.357 6.873 7.422 8.008 8.632 9.296 10 10.75 11.55 12.39 13.28 14.23 15.23 16.29 17.41 18.59 19.83 21.15 22.53 23.98 25.51 27.12 28.81 30.59 32.45 34.41 36.45 38.6 40.84 43.19 45.65 48.21 50.9 53.69 56.61 59.66 62.84 66.14 69.59 73.17 76.9 80.78 84.81 89 93.35

0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

1656.0 1653.0 1650.0 1647.0 1644.0 1641.0 1638.0 1635.0 1632.0 1629.0 1626.0 1623.0 1620.0 1617.0 1614.0 1611.0 1608.0 1605.0 1602.0 1599.0 1595.0 1592.0 1589.0 1586.0 1583.0 1580.0 1577.0 1574.0 1571.0 1568.0 1564.0 1561.0 1558.0 1555.0 1552.0 1549.0 1546.0 1542.0 1539.0 1536.0 1533.0 1530.0 1527.0 1523.0 1520.0 1517.0 1514.0 1510.0 1507.0 1504.0 1501.0 1497.0 1494.0 1491.0

2.8 3.0 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.6 8.2 8.8 9.5 10.3 11.0 11.9 12.7 13.7 14.7 15.7 16.8 18.0 19.2 20.5 21.8 23.3 24.8 26.4 28.0 29.8 31.6 33.6 35.6 37.7 40.0 42.3 44.7 47.3 49.9 52.7 55.6 58.6 61.8 65.1 68.5 72.1 75.8 79.7 83.7 87.9 92.2

4.6300 4.2540 3.9130 3.6040 3.3230 3.0670 2.8350 2.6220 2.4280 2.2510 2.0890 1.9410 1.8050 1.6800 1.5650 1.4590 1.3620 1.2720 1.1900 1.1130 1.0430 0.9774 0.9169 0.8608 0.8088 0.7606 0.7157 0.6740 0.6352 0.5990 0.5653 0.5338 0.5045 0.4770 0.4514 0.4274 0.4049 0.3838 0.3641 0.3455 0.3281 0.3118 0.2964 0.2820 0.2684 0.2556 0.2435 0.2321 0.2213 0.2112 0.2016 0.1925 0.1840 0.1759

0.216 0.235 0.256 0.278 0.301 0.326 0.353 0.381 0.412 0.444 0.479 0.515 0.554 0.595 0.639 0.685 0.734 0.786 0.841 0.898 0.959 1.023 1.091 1.162 1.236 1.315 1.397 1.484 1.574 1.669 1.769 1.873 1.982 2.096 2.216 2.340 2.470 2.605 2.747 2.894 3.047 3.207 3.373 3.546 3.726 3.913 4.107 4.309 4.518 4.735 4.960 5.194 5.436 5.686

Liquid Hf


Vapour Hg

100.7 101.6 102.6 103.5 104.4 105.4 106.3 107.2 108.1 109.1 110.0 110.9 111.9 112.8 113.7 114.7 115.6 116.6 117.5 118.4 119.4 120.3 121.3 122.2 123.2 124.1 125.1 126.0 127.0 127.9 128.9 129.8 130.8 131.7 132.7 133.6 134.6 135.6 136.5 137.5 138.5 139.4 140.4 141.4 142.3 143.3 144.3 145.3 146.3 147.2 148.2 149.2 150.2 151.2

198.1 197.7 197.2 196.8 196.3 195.8 195.4 195.0 194.6 194.1 193.7 193.3 192.8 192.4 192.0 191.5 191.1 190.6 190.2 189.7 189.2 188.8 188.3 187.9 187.4 187.1 186.6 186.2 185.7 185.3 184.8 184.4 183.9 183.5 183.0 182.6 182.1 181.6 181.2 180.7 180.2 179.8 179.3 178.8 178.4 177.9 177.4 176.9 176.4 176.0 175.5 175.0 174.5 174.0

298.8 299.3 299.8 300.3 300.7 301.2 301.7 302.2 302.7 303.2 303.7 304.2 304.7 305.2 305.7 306.2 306.7 307.2 307.7 308.1 308.6 309.1 309.6 310.1 310.6 311.2 311.7 312.2 312.7 313.2 313.7 314.2 314.7 315.2 315.7 316.2 316.7 317.2 317.7 318.2 318.7 319.2 319.7 320.2 320.7 321.2 321.7 322.2 322.7 323.2 323.7 324.2 324.7 325.2


1.7000 1.6960 1.6920 1.6890 1.6850 1.6810 1.6780 1.6740 1.6710 1.6680 1.6640 1.6610 1.6580 1.6550 1.6520 1.6490 1.6470 1.6440 1.6410 1.6380 1.6360 1.6330 1.6310 1.6280 1.6260 1.6240 1.6210 1.6190 1.6170 1.6150 1.6130 1.6110 1.6090 1.6070 1.6050 1.6030 1.6010 1.5990 1.5980 1.5960 1.5940 1.5930 1.5910 1.5890 1.5880 1.5860 1.5850 1.5840 1.5820 1.5810 1.5790 1.5780 1.5770 1.5760

Temp °C

-100 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95 -94 -93 -92 -91 -90 -89 -88 -87 -86 -85 -84 -83 -82 -81 -80 -79 -78 -77 -76 -75 -74 -73 -72 -71 -70 -69 -68 -67 -66 -65 -64 -63 -62 -61 -60 -59 -58 -57 -56 -55 -54 -53 -52 -51 -50 -49 -48 -47

l

TABLE 1 (continued) ®


-46 -45 -44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39 -38 -37 -36 -35 -34 -33 -32 -31 -30 -29 -28 -27 -26 -25 -24 -23 -22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7




97.87 102.6 107.4 112.5 117.7 123.1 128.7 134.5 140.5 146.7 153.1 159.8 166.6 173.7 181 188.6 196.4 204.4 212.7 221.2 230 239.1 248.4 258.1 268 278.1 288.6 299.4 310.5 321.9 333.6 345.6 358 370.7 383.7 397.1 410.8 424.9 439.3 454.1 469.3 484.9 500.8 517.1 533.9 551 568.5 586.5 604.9 623.7 642.9 662.6 682.7 703.3

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

1488.0 1484.0 1481.0 1478.0 1474.0 1471.0 1468.0 1464.0 1461.0 1458.0 1454.0 1451.0 1447.0 1444.0 1440.0 1437.0 1434.0 1430.0 1427.0 1423.0 1420.0 1416.0 1412.0 1409.0 1405.0 1402.0 1398.0 1394.0 1391.0 1387.0 1383.0 1380.0 1376.0 1372.0 1369.0 1365.0 1361.0 1357.0 1353.0 1350.0 1346.0 1342.0 1338.0 1334.0 1330.0 1326.0 1322.0 1318.0 1314.0 1310.0 1306.0 1302.0 1298.0 1294.0

96.7 101.4 106.3 111.3 116.5 121.9 127.5 133.3 139.3 145.5 151.9 158.5 165.4 172.5 179.8 187.3 195.1 203.2 211.5 220.0 228.8 237.9 247.2 256.9 266.8 277.0 287.5 298.3 309.3 320.8 332.5 344.5 356.9 369.6 382.6 396.0 409.8 423.9 438.3 453.1 468.3 483.9 499.9 516.2 533.0 550.1 567.7 585.7 604.1 622.9 642.1 661.8 682.0 702.6

0.1682 0.1609 0.1540 0.1475 0.1413 0.1354 0.1298 0.1245 0.1195 0.1147 0.1101 0.1058 0.1017 0.0977 0.0940 0.0904 0.0870 0.0837 0.0806 0.0776 0.0748 0.0721 0.0695 0.0670 0.0646 0.0624 0.0602 0.0581 0.0561 0.0542 0.0524 0.0506 0.0489 0.0473 0.0457 0.0442 0.0428 0.0414 0.0401 0.0388 0.0376 0.0364 0.0353 0.0342 0.0331 0.0321 0.0311 0.0302 0.0293 0.0284 0.0275 0.0267 0.0259 0.0252

5.946 6.214 6.492 6.780 7.077 7.384 7.702 8.030 8.369 8.719 9.080 9.453 9.838 10.230 10.640 11.060 11.500 11.950 12.410 12.880 13.370 13.870 14.390 14.930 15.470 16.040 16.620 17.210 17.830 18.450 19.100 19.770 20.450 21.150 21.870 22.610 23.370 24.150 24.950 25.770 26.610 27.480 28.370 29.280 30.210 31.170 32.150 33.160 34.190 35.250 36.330 37.450 38.590 39.760

Liquid Hf


Vapour Hg

152.2 153.1 154.1 155.1 156.1 157.1 158.1 159.1 160.1 161.1 162.2 163.2 164.2 165.2 166.2 167.2 168.2 169.3 170.3 171.3 172.3 173.4 174.4 175.4 176.5 177.5 178.6 179.6 180.7 181.7 182.8 183.8 184.9 185.9 187.0 188.1 189.1 190.2 191.3 192.4 193.5 194.5 195.6 196.7 197.8 198.9 200.0 201.1 202.2 203.3 204.4 205.5 206.7 207.8

173.5 173.1 172.6 172.1 171.6 171.1 170.6 170.1 169.5 169.0 168.4 167.9 167.4 166.9 166.4 165.8 165.3 164.7 164.2 163.6 163.1 162.5 162.0 161.4 160.8 160.3 159.6 159.1 158.5 157.9 157.3 156.7 156.1 155.5 154.9 154.2 153.7 153.0 152.3 151.7 151.0 150.4 149.8 149.1 148.4 147.7 147.0 146.4 145.7 145.0 144.3 143.6 142.8 142.1

325.7 326.2 326.7 327.2 327.7 328.2 328.7 329.2 329.6 330.1 330.6 331.1 331.6 332.1 332.6 333.0 333.5 334.0 334.5 334.9 335.4 335.9 336.4 336.8 337.3 337.8 338.2 338.7 339.2 339.6 340.1 340.5 341.0 341.4 341.9 342.3 342.8 343.2 343.6 344.1 344.5 344.9 345.4 345.8 346.2 346.6 347.0 347.5 347.9 348.3 348.7 349.1 349.5 349.9


1.5740 1.5730 1.5720 1.5710 1.5700 1.5690 1.5680 1.5660 1.5650 1.5640 1.5630 1.5620 1.5620 1.5610 1.5600 1.5590 1.5580 1.5570 1.5560 1.5550 1.5550 1.5540 1.5530 1.5520 1.5520 1.5510 1.5500 1.5500 1.5490 1.5480 1.5480 1.5470 1.5460 1.5460 1.5450 1.5440 1.5440 1.5430 1.5430 1.5420 1.5420 1.5410 1.5400 1.5400 1.5390 1.5390 1.5380 1.5380 1.5370 1.5370 1.5360 1.5360 1.5350 1.5350

Temp °C

-46 -45 -44 -43 -42 -41 -40 -39 -38 -37 -36 -35 -34 -33 -32 -31 -30 -29 -28 -27 -26 -25 -24 -23 -22 -21 -20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

l



8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61




724.4 745.9 767.9 790.3 813.3 836.7 860.6 885.1 910 935.5 961.5 988 1015 1043 1071 1100 1129 1159 1189 1220 1252 1284 1317 1351 1385 1419 1455 1491 1528 1565 1603 1642 1681 1721 1762 1804 1846 1889 1933 1977 2023 2069 2116 2163 2212 2261 2311 2362 2414 2467 2520 2575 2630 2686

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

1289.0 1285.0 1281.0 1277.0 1272.0 1268.0 1264.0 1259.0 1255.0 1250.0 1246.0 1241.0 1237.0 1232.0 1227.0 1223.0 1218.0 1213.0 1208.0 1203.0 1199.0 1194.0 1189.0 1183.0 1178.0 1173.0 1168.0 1163.0 1157.0 1152.0 1146.0 1141.0 1135.0 1129.0 1124.0 1118.0 1112.0 1106.0 1099.0 1093.0 1087.0 1080.0 1074.0 1067.0 1060.0 1053.0 1046.0 1038.0 1031.0 1023.0 1015.0 1007.0 999.0 990.4

723.7 745.2 767.2 789.7 812.6 836.1 860.0 884.5 909.5 935.0 961.0 987.5 1015.0 1042.0 1070.0 1099.0 1129.0 1158.0 1189.0 1220.0 1252.0 1284.0 1317.0 1350.0 1384.0 1419.0 1455.0 1491.0 1527.0 1565.0 1603.0 1642.0 1681.0 1721.0 1762.0 1804.0 1846.0 1889.0 1933.0 1977.0 2023.0 2069.0 2115.0 2163.0 2212.0 2261.0 2311.0 2362.0 2414.0 2467.0 2520.0 2575.0 2630.0 2686.0

0.0244 0.0237 0.0230 0.0224 0.0217 0.0211 0.0205 0.0199 0.0193 0.0188 0.0183 0.0178 0.0173 0.0168 0.0163 0.0159 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0142 0.0138 0.0134 0.0131 0.0127 0.0124 0.0120 0.0117 0.0114 0.0111 0.0108 0.0105 0.0102 0.0099 0.0097 0.0094 0.0092 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084 0.0082 0.0080 0.0077 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0067 0.0065 0.0063 0.0062 0.0060 0.0058 0.0056 0.0055

40.960 42.190 43.450 44.740 46.070 47.420 48.810 50.240 51.700 53.200 54.740 56.310 57.930 59.590 61.280 63.020 64.810 66.640 68.520 70.450 72.420 74.450 76.530 78.670 80.860 83.110 85.420 87.790 90.230 92.740 95.310 97.960 100.700 103.500 106.400 109.300 112.400 115.500 118.800 122.100 125.600 129.100 132.800 136.600 140.600 144.600 148.800 153.200 157.700 162.400 167.300 172.400 177.700 183.300

Liquid Hf


Vapour Hg

208.9 210.0 211.2 212.3 213.5 214.6 215.7 216.9 218.1 219.2 220.4 221.5 222.7 223.9 225.1 226.3 227.5 228.7 229.9 231.1 232.3 233.5 234.7 235.9 237.2 238.4 239.7 240.9 242.2 243.4 244.7 246.0 247.3 248.6 249.9 251.2 252.5 253.8 255.2 256.5 257.9 259.3 260.6 262.0 263.4 264.8 266.3 267.7 269.2 270.7 272.1 273.7 275.2 276.7

141.4 140.6 139.8 139.1 138.3 137.5 136.8 136.0 135.1 134.4 133.5 132.8 131.9 131.0 130.2 129.3 128.4 127.5 126.6 125.7 124.8 123.9 123.0 122.0 121.0 120.1 119.0 118.1 117.0 116.0 114.9 113.8 112.7 111.6 110.5 109.4 108.2 107.1 105.8 104.6 103.3 102.0 100.8 99.5 98.1 96.7 95.3 93.8 92.3 90.8 89.3 87.6 86.0 84.3

350.3 350.6 351.0 351.4 351.8 352.1 352.5 352.9 353.2 353.6 353.9 354.3 354.6 354.9 355.3 355.6 355.9 356.2 356.5 356.8 357.1 357.4 357.7 357.9 358.2 358.5 358.7 359.0 359.2 359.4 359.6 359.8 360.0 360.2 360.4 360.6 360.7 360.9 361.0 361.1 361.2 361.3 361.4 361.5 361.5 361.5 361.6 361.5 361.5 361.5 361.4 361.3 361.2 361.0


1.5350 1.5340 1.5340 1.5330 1.5330 1.5320 1.5320 1.5310 1.5310 1.5300 1.5300 1.5290 1.5290 1.5280 1.5280 1.5270 1.5270 1.5270 1.5260 1.5260 1.5250 1.5250 1.5240 1.5230 1.5230 1.5220 1.5220 1.5210 1.5210 1.5200 1.5200 1.5190 1.5180 1.5180 1.5170 1.5160 1.5160 1.5150 1.5140 1.5130 1.5120 1.5120 1.5110 1.5100 1.5090 1.5080 1.5070 1.5060 1.5050 1.5040 1.5020 1.5010 1.5000 1.4980

Temp °C

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61

l



62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

Pressure [kPa] Liquid Vapour 2743 2802 2861 2921 2982 3044 3107 3171 3237 3303 3371 3439 3509 3581

2743.0 2802.0 2861.0 2921.0 2982.0 3044.0 3107.0 3171.0 3237.0 3303.0 3371.0 3439.0 3509.0 3581.0



0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

981.6 972.4 963.0 953.2 943.0 932.4 921.3 909.6 897.3 884.2 870.3 855.4 839.1 821.3

0.0053 0.0051 0.0050 0.0048 0.0046 0.0045 0.0043 0.0042 0.0040 0.0039 0.0037 0.0036 0.0034 0.0033

189.100 195.200 201.500 208.200 215.300 222.800 230.700 239.200 248.200 258.000 268.500 280.100 292.900 307.200

Liquid Hf


Vapour Hg

278.3 279.9 281.5 283.2 284.9 286.6 288.3 290.1 292.0 293.9 295.9 297.9 300.1 302.4

82.5 80.7 78.9 76.9 74.8 72.8 70.6 68.3 65.8 63.3 60.5 57.7 54.4 51.0

360.8 360.6 360.4 360.1 359.7 359.4 358.9 358.4 357.8 357.2 356.4 355.6 354.5 353.4

Entropy [kJ/K-kg] Liquid Vapour Sf Sg 1.2510 1.2550 1.2600 1.2650 1.2690 1.2740 1.2790 1.2840 1.2890 1.2950 1.3000 1.3060 1.3120 1.3180

1.4970 1.4950 1.4940 1.4920 1.4900 1.4880 1.4860 1.4840 1.4810 1.4790 1.4760 1.4730 1.4690 1.4650

Temp °C

62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

l TABLE 2 ®






-80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

V (1.396) 1.4290 1.4670 1.5050 1.5420 1.5800 1.6180 1.6550 1.6930 1.7310 1.7680 1.8060 1.8430 1.8810 1.9180 1.9560 1.9930 2.0300 2.0680 2.1050 2.1430 2.1800 2.2170 2.2550 2.2920 2.3290 2.3670 2.4040 2.4420 2.4790 2.5160

10 (-84.36°C) H (306.5) 308.8 311.5 314.2 316.9 319.7 322.6 325.4 328.3 331.3 334.3 337.3 340.3 343.4 346.5 349.7 352.9 356.1 359.4 362.7 366.0 369.4 372.8 376.2 379.7 383.2 386.7 390.3 393.9 397.5 407.1

V (0.311) 0.3177 0.3255 0.3334 0.3412 0.3489 0.3567 0.3644 0.3721 0.3798 0.3875 0.3951 0.4027 0.4104 0.4180 0.4256 0.4332 0.4408 0.4483 0.4559 0.4635 0.4710 0.4786 0.4861 0.4937 0.5012 0.5088 0.5163 0.5238 0.5313 0.5389

50 (-58.97°C) H (319.2) 321.5 324.5 327.4 330.4 333.5 336.5 339.6 342.7 345.9 349.1 352.3 355.6 358.9 362.2 365.5 368.9 372.3 375.8 379.3 382.8 386.3 389.9 393.5 397.1 400.8 404.5 408.2 412.0 415.7 419.5

S (1.648) 1.660 1.673 1.687 1.700 1.713 1.727 1.740 1.752 1.765 1.778 1.790 1.803 1.815 1.827 1.840 1.852 1.864 1.875 1.887 1.899 1.910 1.922 1.933 1.945 1.956 1.967 1.978 1.989 2.000 2.011

V (0.731) 0.7479 0.7671 0.7862 0.8053 0.8243 0.8433 0.8622 0.8812 0.9001 0.9190 0.9378 0.9567 0.9755 0.9943 1.0130 1.0320 1.0510 1.0690 1.0880 1.1070 1.1260 1.1440 1.1630 1.1820 1.2010 1.2190 1.2380 1.2570

20 (-74.35°C) H (311.5) 313.9 316.6 319.5 322.3 325.2 328.1 331.1 334.1 337.1 340.2 343.3 346.4 349.6 352.8 356.0 359.3 362.6 365.9 369.3 372.7 376.1 379.6 383.1 386.6 390.2 393.8 397.4 401.0

V (0.263) 0.2635 0.2701 0.2767 0.2833 0.2898 0.2963 0.3028 0.3092 0.3157 0.3221 0.3285 0.3349 0.3413 0.3477 0.3540 0.3604 0.3667 0.3731 0.3794 0.3857 0.3920 0.3984 0.4047 0.4110 0.4173 0.4236 0.4298 0.4361 0.4424 0.4487

60 (-55.57°C) H (320.9) 321.3 324.2 327.2 330.2 333.2 336.3 339.4 342.6 345.7 348.9 352.2 355.4 358.7 362.1 365.4 368.8 372.2 375.7 379.2 382.7 386.2 389.8 393.4 397.0 400.7 404.4 408.1 411.9 415.6 419.4

S (1.622) 1.634 1.648 1.661 1.674 1.687 1.700 1.713 1.726 1.738 1.751 1.763 1.775 1.788 1.800 1.812 1.823 1.835 1.847 1.858 1.870 1.881 1.893 1.904 1.915 1.926 1.937 1.948 1.959

V (0.501) 0.5086 0.5216 0.5344 0.5472 0.5600 0.5728 0.5855 0.5982 0.6109 0.6235 0.6362 0.6488 0.6614 0.6740 0.6866 0.6992 0.7118 0.7243 0.7369 0.7494 0.7620 0.7745 0.7870 0.7995 0.8120 0.8245 0.8371

30 (-67.88°C) H (314.7) 316.3 319.2 322.0 324.9 327.9 330.9 333.9 336.9 340.0 343.1 346.2 349.4 352.6 355.9 359.1 362.4 365.8 369.2 372.6 376.0 379.5 383.0 386.5 390.1 393.7 397.3 400.9

S (1.608) 1.616 1.630 1.643 1.656 1.669 1.682 1.695 1.707 1.720 1.732 1.745 1.757 1.769 1.781 1.793 1.805 1.816 1.828 1.839 1.851 1.862 1.874 1.885 1.896 1.907 1.918 1.929

V (0.383) 0.3892 0.3990 0.4087 0.4184 0.4280 0.4377 0.4473 0.4568 0.4664 0.4759 0.4855 0.4950 0.5045 0.5140 0.5234 0.5329 0.5424 0.5518 0.5612 0.5707 0.5801 0.5895 0.5989 0.6084 0.6178 0.6272

40 (-62.98°C) H (317.2) 318.9 321.8 324.7 327.7 330.6 333.7 336.7 339.8 342.9 346.1 349.2 352.5 355.7 359.0 362.3 365.7 369.0 372.5 375.9 379.4 382.9 386.4 390.0 393.6 397.2 400.9

V (0.201) 0.2058 0.2108 0.2158 0.2208 0.2257 0.2306 0.2355 0.2404 0.2453 0.2501 0.2550 0.2598 0.2646 0.2694 0.2742 0.2790 0.2838 0.2885 0.2933 0.2981 0.3028 0.3076 0.3123 0.3171 0.3218 0.3266 0.3313 0.3360

80 (-49.92°C) H (323.7) 326.7 329.8 332.8 335.9 339.1 342.2 345.4 348.6 351.9 355.1 358.5 361.8 365.2 368.6 372.0 375.5 379.0 382.5 386.0 389.6 393.2 396.9 400.5 404.2 407.9 411.8 415.5 419.3

Temp °C S (1.599) 1.607 1.621 1.634 1.647 1.660 1.673 1.686 1.698 1.711 1.723 1.735 1.747 1.759 1.771 1.783 1.795 1.806 1.818 1.829 1.841 1.852 1.863 1.874 1.885 1.896 1.907

-80 -75 -70 -65 -60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65


-55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

S (1.593) 1.603 1.617 1.630 1.643 1.656 1.668 1.681 1.693 1.706 1.718 1.730 1.742 1.754 1.766 1.778 1.789 1.801 1.812 1.824 1.835 1.846 1.857 1.868 1.879 1.890 1.901 1.912 1.923 1.933 1.944

S (1.587) 1.589 1.602 1.615 1.628 1.641 1.654 1.667 1.679 1.692 1.704 1.716 1.728 1.740 1.752 1.764 1.775 1.787 1.799 1.810 1.821 1.832 1.844 1.855 1.866 1.877 1.887 1.898 1.908 1.919 1.930

V (0.228) 0.2305 0.2362 0.2419 0.2475 0.2532 0.2588 0.2643 0.2699 0.2754 0.2810 0.2865 0.2920 0.2975 0.3029 0.3084 0.3139 0.3193 0.3248 0.3302 0.3356 0.3410 0.3465 0.3519 0.3573 0.3627 0.3681 0.3735 0.3789 0.3843

70 (-52.58°C) H (322.4) 324.0 327.0 330.0 333.0 336.1 339.2 342.4 345.6 348.8 352.0 355.3 358.6 361.9 365.3 368.7 372.1 375.6 379.1 382.6 386.1 389.7 393.3 396.9 400.6 404.3 408.0 411.8 415.5 419.3

S (1.583) 1.590 1.603 1.616 1.629 1.642 1.655 1.667 1.680 1.692 1.704 1.716 1.728 1.740 1.752 1.764 1.775 1.787 1.798 1.810 1.821 1.832 1.843 1.854 1.865 1.876 1.887 1.898 1.908 1.918

Temp °C S (1.579) 1.592 1.606 1.619 1.632 1.644 1.657 1.669 1.682 1.694 1.706 1.718 1.730 1.742 1.753 1.765 1.777 1.788 1.799 1.811 1.822 1.833 1.844 1.855 1.866 1.876 1.887 1.898 1.908

-55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90



Temp °C

-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

V (0.180) 0.1822 0.1867 0.1912 0.1956 0.2000 0.2044 0.2088 0.2132 0.2175 0.2219 0.2262 0.2305 0.2348 0.2391 0.2433 0.2476 0.2519 0.2561 0.2604 0.2646 0.2689 0.2731 0.2773 0.2816 0.2858 0.2900 0.2942 0.2984 0.3026 0.3068

90 (-47.51°C) H (324.9) 326.5 329.5 332.6 335.7 338.9 342.0 345.2 348.5 351.7 355.0 358.3 361.7 365.0 368.4 371.9 375.4 378.8 382.4 385.9 389.5 393.1 396.8 400.4 404.1 407.9 411.7 415.4 419.2 423.0 426.9

V (0.137) 0.1384 0.1418 0.1453 0.1486 0.1520 0.1554 0.1587 0.1620 0.1653 0.1686 0.1719 0.1751 0.1784 0.1816 0.1849 0.1881 0.1913 0.1946 0.1978 0.2010 0.2042 0.2074 0.2106 0.2137 0.2169 0.2201 0.2233 0.2265 0.2296 0.2328

120 (-41.35°C) H (328.0) 328.8 332.0 335.1 338.3 341.5 344.7 348.0 351.3 354.6 357.9 361.3 364.7 368.1 371.5 375.0 378.5 382.1 385.6 389.2 392.8 396.5 400.2 403.9 407.6 411.4 415.2 419.0 422.8 426.7 430.6


S (1.576) 1.583 1.596 1.609 1.622 1.635 1.648 1.660 1.673 1.685 1.697 1.709 1.721 1.733 1.744 1.756 1.768 1.779 1.790 1.802 1.813 1.824 1.835 1.846 1.857 1.867 1.878 1.889 1.899 1.910 1.920

V (0.163) 0.1633 0.1674 0.1714 0.1755 0.1795 0.1835 0.1874 0.1914 0.1953 0.1992 0.2032 0.2070 0.2109 0.2148 0.2187 0.2225 0.2264 0.2302 0.2341 0.2379 0.2417 0.2455 0.2493 0.2532 0.2570 0.2608 0.2646 0.2684 0.2722 0.2760

100 (-45.30°C) H (326.0) 326.2 329.3 332.4 335.5 338.7 341.9 345.1 348.3 351.6 354.9 358.2 361.5 364.9 368.3 371.8 375.2 378.7 382.3 385.8 389.4 393.0 396.7 400.4 404.1 407.8 411.6 415.3 419.1 423.0 426.8

V (0.128) 0.1304 0.1336 0.1368 0.1399 0.1430 0.1461 0.1492 0.1523 0.1553 0.1584 0.1614 0.1644 0.1674 0.1704 0.1734 0.1764 0.1794 0.1823 0.1853 0.1883 0.1912 0.1942 0.1971 0.2001 0.2030 0.2059 0.2089 0.2118 0.2147

130 (-39.56°C) H (328.9) 331.7 334.9 338.1 341.3 344.6 347.8 351.1 354.4 357.8 361.1 364.5 368.0 371.4 374.9 378.4 382.0 385.5 389.1 392.8 396.4 400.1 403.8 407.5 411.3 415.1 418.9 422.7 426.6 430.5

S = Entropy in kJ/kg.K Absolute Pressure kPa 101.325 (-45.02°C) S V H (1.574) (0.161) (326.2) 1.574 0.1610 326.2 1.588 0.1651 329.3 1.601 0.1691 332.4 1.614 0.1731 335.5 1.627 0.1771 338.7 1.639 0.1810 341.8 1.652 0.1849 345.0 1.664 0.1888 348.3 1.677 0.1927 351.5 1.689 0.1966 354.8 1.701 0.2004 358.2 1.713 0.2043 361.5 1.725 0.2081 364.9 1.736 0.2119 368.3 1.748 0.2158 371.8 1.759 0.2196 375.2 1.771 0.2234 378.7 1.782 0.2272 382.3 1.794 0.2310 385.8 1.805 0.2347 389.4 1.816 0.2385 393.0 1.827 0.2423 396.7 1.838 0.2461 400.3 1.849 0.2498 404.0 1.859 0.2536 407.8 1.870 0.2574 411.6 1.881 0.2611 415.3 1.891 0.2648 419.1 1.902 0.2686 422.9 1.912 0.2723 426.8


S (1.573) 1.573 1.587 1.600 1.613 1.626 1.638 1.651 1.663 1.676 1.688 1.700 1.712 1.724 1.735 1.747 1.758 1.770 1.781 1.793 1.804 1.815 1.826 1.837 1.848 1.858 1.869 1.880 1.890 1.901 1.911

V (0.149) 0.1516 0.1553 0.1590 0.1627 0.1663 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1807 0.1843 0.1879 0.1914 0.1949 0.1985 0.2020 0.2055 0.2090 0.2125 0.2160 0.2195 0.2230 0.2264 0.2299 0.2334 0.2369 0.2403 0.2438 0.2472 0.2507

110 (-43.25°C) H (327.1) 329.1 332.2 335.3 338.5 341.7 344.9 348.1 351.4 354.7 358.0 361.4 364.8 368.2 371.7 375.1 378.6 382.2 385.7 389.3 392.9 396.6 400.3 404.0 407.7 411.5 415.2 419.1 422.9 426.7

V (0.111) 0.1122 0.1150 0.1178 0.1205 0.1233 0.1260 0.1287 0.1314 0.1341 0.1367 0.1394 0.1420 0.1446 0.1472 0.1498 0.1525 0.1550 0.1576 0.1602 0.1628 0.1654 0.1680 0.1705 0.1730 0.1756 0.1782 0.1807 0.1833 0.1858

150 (-36.29°C) H (330.5) 331.3 334.5 337.7 340.9 344.2 347.5 350.8 354.1 357.5 360.9 364.3 367.7 371.2 374.7 378.2 381.8 385.3 388.9 392.6 396.2 399.9 403.6 407.4 411.2 414.9 418.8 422.6 426.5 430.4

Temp °C S (1.571) 1.580 1.593 1.606 1.619 1.632 1.644 1.657 1.669 1.681 1.693 1.705 1.717 1.729 1.741 1.752 1.764 1.775 1.786 1.797 1.809 1.820 1.831 1.841 1.852 1.863 1.874 1.884 1.895 1.905

-45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100


-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

S (1.569) 1.573 1.586 1.599 1.612 1.625 1.637 1.650 1.662 1.674 1.686 1.698 1.710 1.722 1.734 1.745 1.757 1.768 1.780 1.791 1.802 1.813 1.824 1.835 1.846 1.857 1.867 1.878 1.888 1.898 1.909

S (1.567) 1.579 1.592 1.605 1.618 1.631 1.643 1.656 1.668 1.680 1.692 1.704 1.716 1.728 1.739 1.751 1.762 1.773 1.785 1.796 1.807 1.818 1.829 1.839 1.850 1.861 1.871 1.882 1.892 1.903

V (0.119) 0.1207 0.1236 0.1266 0.1295 0.1325 0.1353 0.1382 0.1411 0.1439 0.1468 0.1496 0.1524 0.1552 0.1580 0.1608 0.1636 0.1663 0.1691 0.1719 0.1746 0.1774 0.1801 0.1829 0.1856 0.1883 0.1911 0.1938 0.1965 0.1993

140 (-37.88°C) H (329.7) 331.5 334.7 337.9 341.1 344.4 347.7 351.0 354.3 357.6 361.0 364.4 367.8 371.3 374.8 378.3 381.9 385.4 389.0 392.7 396.3 400.0 403.7 407.5 411.3 415.0 418.8 422.7 426.5 430.4

S (1.565) 1.573 1.586 1.599 1.612 1.625 1.637 1.650 1.662 1.674 1.686 1.698 1.710 1.722 1.733 1.745 1.756 1.768 1.779 1.790 1.801 1.812 1.823 1.834 1.845 1.855 1.866 1.876 1.887 1.897

Temp °C S (1.564) 1.567 1.581 1.594 1.607 1.619 1.632 1.644 1.657 1.669 1.681 1.693 1.705 1.716 1.728 1.740 1.751 1.762 1.774 1.785 1.796 1.807 1.818 1.828 1.839 1.850 1.860 1.871 1.881 1.892

-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105







-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115

V (0.105) 0.1074 0.1101 0.1127 0.1153 0.1178 0.1204 0.1229 0.1254 0.1279 0.1304 0.1329 0.1354 0.1378 0.1403 0.1427 0.1452 0.1476 0.1500 0.1525 0.1549 0.1573 0.1597 0.1621 0.1645 0.1669 0.1693 0.1717 0.1741 0.1765 0.1789

160 (-34.78°C) H (331.2) 334.3 337.5 340.8 344.0 347.3 350.6 354.0 357.3 360.7 364.2 367.6 371.1 374.6 378.1 381.7 385.2 388.8 392.5 396.1 399.8 403.6 407.3 411.1 414.9 418.7 422.5 426.4 430.3 434.2 438.2

170 (-33.5°C) H (331.9) 334.1 337.3 340.6 343.9 347.2 350.5 353.8 357.2 360.6 364.0 367.5 371.0 374.5 378.0 381.5 385.1 388.7 392.4 396.1 399.7 403.5 407.2 411.0 414.8 418.6 422.5 426.3 430.2 434.2 438.1

S (1.562) 1.575 1.588 1.601 1.614 1.627 1.639 1.651 1.664 1.676 1.688 1.700 1.711 1.723 1.734 1.746 1.757 1.768 1.780 1.791 1.802 1.813 1.823 1.834 1.845 1.856 1.866 1.876 1.887 1.897 1.907

V (0.0991) 0.1007 0.1032 0.1057 0.1082 0.1106 0.1130 0.1154 0.1178 0.1202 0.1225 0.1249 0.1272 0.1295 0.1318 0.1341 0.1365 0.1388 0.1410 0.1433 0.1456 0.1479 0.1502 0.1525 0.1547 0.1570 0.1592 0.1615 0.1638 0.1660 0.1683

S (1.557) 1.569 1.582 1.595 1.608 1.621 1.633 1.646 1.658 1.670 1.682 1.694 1.705 1.717 1.728 1.740 1.751 1.762 1.773 1.784 1.795 1.806 1.817 1.828 1.838 1.849 1.859 1.870 1.880 1.890 1.900

210 (-28.17°C) V H (0.0811) (334.4) 0.0825 336.5 0.0845 339.8 0.0866 343.1 0.0886 346.5 0.0906 349.8 0.0926 353.2 0.0945 356.6 0.0965 360.1 0.0984 363.5 0.1004 367.0 0.1023 370.5 0.1042 374.0 0.1061 377.6 0.1080 381.1 0.1099 384.7 0.1118 388.4 0.1137 392.0 0.1155 395.7 0.1174 399.4 0.1193 403.1 0.1211 406.9 0.1230 410.7 0.1248 414.5 0.1267 418.3 0.1285 422.2 0.1304 426.1 0.1322 430.0 0.1340 433.9 0.1359 437.9 0.1377 441.8

S (1.561) 1.570 1.583 1.596 1.609 1.622 1.634 1.647 1.659 1.671 1.683 1.695 1.706 1.718 1.730 1.741 1.752 1.764 1.775 1.786 1.797 1.808 1.819 1.830 1.840 1.851 1.861 1.872 1.882 1.893 1.903

180 (-31.97°C) V H (0.0939) (332.6) 0.0948 333.9 0.0972 337.1 0.0995 340.4 0.1019 343.7 0.1042 347.0 0.1065 350.3 0.1087 353.7 0.1110 357.1 0.1133 360.5 0.1155 363.9 0.1177 367.4 0.1199 370.8 0.1221 374.3 0.1243 377.9 0.1265 381.4 0.1287 385.0 0.1309 388.6 0.1331 392.3 0.1352 396.0 0.1374 399.7 0.1395 403.4 0.1417 407.1 0.1439 410.9 0.1460 414.7 0.1481 418.5 0.1503 422.4 0.1524 426.3 0.1545 430.2 0.1567 434.1 0.1588 438.0

S (1.560) 1.565 1.578 1.591 1.604 1.617 1.629 1.642 1.654 1.666 1.678 1.690 1.702 1.714 1.725 1.737 1.748 1.759 1.770 1.782 1.793 1.804 1.814 1.825 1.836 1.846 1.857 1.867 1.878 1.888 1.898

190 (-30.66°C) V H (0.0892) (333.2) 0.0895 333.6 0.0918 336.9 0.0940 340.2 0.0962 343.5 0.0984 346.8 0.1006 350.2 0.1028 353.5 0.1049 356.9 0.1071 360.3 0.1092 363.8 0.1113 367.2 0.1134 370.7 0.1155 374.2 0.1176 377.8 0.1197 381.3 0.1218 384.9 0.1238 388.6 0.1259 392.2 0.1280 395.9 0.1300 399.6 0.1321 403.3 0.1341 407.1 0.1361 410.9 0.1382 414.6 0.1402 418.5 0.1423 422.3 0.1443 426.2 0.1463 430.1 0.1483 434.0 0.1504 438.0

S (1.555) 1.561 1.574 1.587 1.600 1.613 1.625 1.638 1.650 1.662 1.674 1.686 1.698 1.709 1.721 1.732 1.743 1.755 1.766 1.777 1.788 1.799 1.810 1.820 1.831 1.841 1.852 1.862 1.873 1.883 1.893

230 (-25.87°C) V H (0.0744) (335.5) 0.0748 336.1 0.0767 339.4 0.0786 342.8 0.0805 346.1 0.0823 349.5 0.0841 352.9 0.0860 356.3 0.0878 359.8 0.0895 363.2 0.0913 366.7 0.0931 370.2 0.0948 373.8 0.0966 377.3 0.0983 380.9 0.1001 384.5 0.1018 388.2 0.1035 391.8 0.1052 395.5 0.1070 399.2 0.1087 403.0 0.1104 406.7 0.1121 410.5 0.1138 414.3 0.1155 418.2 0.1172 422.0 0.1188 425.9 0.1205 429.8 0.1222 433.8 0.1239 437.7 0.1256 441.7

Temp °C S (1.559) 1.560 1.574 1.587 1.600 1.612 1.625 1.637 1.650 1.662 1.674 1.686 1.698 1.709 1.721 1.732 1.744 1.755 1.766 1.777 1.788 1.799 1.810 1.821 1.832 1.842 1.853 1.863 1.874 1.884 1.894

-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115


-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

200 (-29.39°C) V H (0.0850) (333.8) 0.0869 336.7 0.0890 340.0 0.0912 343.3 0.0933 346.6 0.0954 350.0 0.0974 353.4 0.0995 356.8 0.1015 360.2 0.1036 363.6 0.1056 367.1 0.1076 370.6 0.1096 374.1 0.1116 377.7 0.1136 381.2 0.1155 384.8 0.1175 388.5 0.1195 392.1 0.1214 395.8 0.1234 399.5 0.1253 403.2 0.1273 407.0 0.1293 410.8 0.1312 414.6 0.1331 418.4 0.1350 422.2 0.1370 426.1 0.1389 430.0 0.1408 434.0 0.1427 437.9 0.1447 441.9

S (1.556) 1.565 1.578 1.591 1.604 1.617 1.629 1.642 1.654 1.666 1.678 1.690 1.701 1.713 1.724 1.736 1.747 1.758 1.770 1.781 1.792 1.802 1.813 1.824 1.835 1.845 1.856 1.866 1.876 1.887 1.897

220 (-27.00°C) V H (0.0776) (334.9) 0.0784 336.3 0.0804 339.6 0.0824 343.0 0.0843 346.3 0.0863 349.7 0.0882 353.1 0.0901 356.5 0.0919 359.9 0.0938 363.4 0.0956 366.9 0.0975 370.4 0.0993 373.9 0.1011 377.4 0.1029 381.0 0.1048 384.6 0.1066 388.3 0.1084 391.9 0.1102 395.6 0.1119 399.3 0.1137 403.0 0.1155 406.8 0.1173 410.6 0.1190 414.4 0.1208 418.2 0.1226 422.1 0.1243 426.0 0.1261 429.9 0.1279 433.8 0.1296 437.8 0.1314 441.8

Temp °C S (1.555) 1.557 1.570 1.583 1.596 1.609 1.622 1.634 1.646 1.658 1.670 1.682 1.694 1.706 1.717 1.729 1.740 1.751 1.762 1.773 1.784 1.795 1.806 1.817 1.827 1.838 1.849 1.859 1.869 1.880 1.890

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120







-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125

240 (-24.77°C) V H (0.0715) (336.0) 0.0733 339.2 0.0751 342.6 0.0769 346.0 0.0787 349.3 0.0804 352.8 0.0822 356.2 0.0839 359.6 0.0856 363.1 0.0874 366.6 0.0891 370.1 0.0908 373.7 0.0924 377.2 0.0941 380.8 0.0958 384.4 0.0974 388.1 0.0991 391.7 0.1007 395.4 0.1024 399.1 0.1040 402.9 0.1057 406.6 0.1073 410.4 0.1089 414.2 0.1106 418.1 0.1122 422.0 0.1138 425.8 0.1154 429.8 0.1170 433.7 0.1187 437.7 0.1203 441.6 0.1219 445.7

S (1.554) 1.567 1.580 1.593 1.605 1.618 1.630 1.643 1.655 1.667 1.679 1.691 1.702 1.714 1.725 1.737 1.748 1.759 1.770 1.781 1.792 1.803 1.813 1.824 1.835 1.845 1.856 1.866 1.876 1.886 1.897

250 (-23.71°C) V H (0.0688) (336.5) 0.0701 339.0 0.0719 342.4 0.0736 345.8 0.0753 349.2 0.0770 352.6 0.0787 356.0 0.0804 359.5 0.0821 363.0 0.0837 366.5 0.0854 370.0 0.0870 373.5 0.0886 377.1 0.0902 380.7 0.0918 384.3 0.0934 388.0 0.0950 391.6 0.0966 395.3 0.0982 399.0 0.0998 402.8 0.1014 406.6 0.1030 410.4 0.1045 414.2 0.1061 418.0 0.1076 421.9 0.1092 425.8 0.1107 429.7 0.1123 433.6 0.1138 437.6 0.1154 441.6 0.1169 445.6

S (1.551) 1.553 1.566 1.579 1.592 1.605 1.617 1.630 1.642 1.654 1.666 1.678 1.690 1.701 1.713 1.724 1.736 1.747 1.758 1.769 1.780 1.790 1.801 1.812 1.823 1.833 1.844 1.854 1.864 1.875 1.885

290 (-19.76°C) V H (0.0597) (338.3) 0.0612 341.6 0.0627 345.1 0.0643 348.5 0.0658 352.0 0.0673 355.4 0.0687 358.9 0.0702 362.4 0.0716 366.0 0.0731 369.5 0.0745 373.1 0.0759 376.7 0.0773 380.3 0.0787 383.9 0.0801 387.6 0.0815 391.3 0.0829 395.0 0.0843 398.7 0.0857 402.4 0.0870 406.2 0.0884 410.1 0.0898 413.9 0.0911 417.7 0.0925 421.6 0.0938 425.5 0.0952 429.4 0.0965 433.4 0.0979 437.3 0.0992 441.3 0.1006 445.3

S (1.553) 1.563 1.576 1.589 1.602 1.615 1.627 1.639 1.652 1.664 1.675 1.687 1.699 1.710 1.722 1.733 1.745 1.756 1.767 1.778 1.789 1.800 1.810 1.821 1.832 1.842 1.852 1.863 1.873 1.883 1.893

260 (-22.68°C) V H (0.0662) (337.0) 0.0672 338.8 0.0689 342.2 0.0706 345.6 0.0722 349.0 0.0739 352.4 0.0755 355.9 0.0771 359.4 0.0788 362.8 0.0803 366.3 0.0819 369.9 0.0835 373.4 0.0851 377.0 0.0866 380.6 0.0882 384.2 0.0897 387.9 0.0913 391.5 0.0928 395.2 0.0943 399.0 0.0958 402.7 0.0974 406.5 0.0989 410.3 0.1004 414.1 0.1019 417.9 0.1034 421.8 0.1049 425.7 0.1064 429.6 0.1079 433.6 0.1094 437.5 0.1109 441.5 0.1124 445.5

S (1.552) 1.559 1.573 1.586 1.599 1.611 1.624 1.636 1.648 1.660 1.672 1.684 1.696 1.707 1.719 1.730 1.741 1.753 1.764 1.775 1.786 1.797 1.807 1.818 1.828 1.839 1.849 1.860 1.870 1.880 1.890

270 (-21.68°C) V H (0.0639) (337.5) 0.0645 338.6 0.0661 342.0 0.0678 345.4 0.0694 348.8 0.0710 352.3 0.0726 355.7 0.0741 359.2 0.0757 362.7 0.0772 366.2 0.0788 369.7 0.0803 373.3 0.0818 376.9 0.0833 380.5 0.0848 384.1 0.0863 387.8 0.0878 391.4 0.0893 395.1 0.0907 398.9 0.0922 402.6 0.0937 406.4 0.0952 410.2 0.0966 414.0 0.0980 417.9 0.0995 421.7 0.1009 425.6 0.1024 429.6 0.1038 433.5 0.1053 437.5 0.1067 441.5 0.1081 445.5

S (1.549) 1.560 1.573 1.586 1.599 1.611 1.624 1.636 1.648 1.660 1.672 1.684 1.696 1.707 1.719 1.730 1.741 1.752 1.763 1.774 1.785 1.796 1.807 1.817 1.828 1.838 1.849 1.859 1.869 1.879

310 (-17.94°C) V H (0.0560) (339.2) 0.0569 341.2 0.0583 344.7 0.0598 348.2 0.0612 351.6 0.0626 355.1 0.0640 358.6 0.0654 362.2 0.0668 365.7 0.0681 369.3 0.0695 372.8 0.0708 376.4 0.0721 380.1 0.0735 383.7 0.0748 387.4 0.0761 391.1 0.0774 394.8 0.0787 398.5 0.0800 402.3 0.0813 406.1 0.0826 409.9 0.0838 413.7 0.0851 417.6 0.0864 421.4 0.0877 425.4 0.0889 429.3 0.0902 433.2 0.0915 437.2 0.0927 441.2 0.0940 445.2

Temp °C S (1.551) 1.556 1.569 1.582 1.595 1.608 1.621 1.633 1.645 1.657 1.669 1.681 1.693 1.704 1.716 1.727 1.738 1.750 1.761 1.772 1.783 1.794 1.804 1.815 1.826 1.836 1.846 1.857 1.867 1.877 1.887

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125


-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125

280 (-20.71°C) V H (0.0617) (337.9) 0.0619 338.4 0.0636 341.8 0.0652 345.2 0.0667 348.7 0.0683 352.1 0.0698 355.6 0.0713 359.1 0.0728 362.6 0.0743 366.1 0.0758 369.6 0.0773 373.2 0.0788 376.8 0.0802 380.4 0.0817 384.0 0.0831 387.7 0.0845 391.3 0.0860 395.1 0.0874 398.8 0.0888 402.5 0.0902 406.3 0.0916 410.1 0.0931 413.9 0.0945 417.8 0.0959 421.7 0.0973 425.6 0.0987 429.5 0.1000 433.4 0.1014 437.4 0.1028 441.4 0.1042 445.4

S (1.550) 1.563 1.576 1.589 1.602 1.614 1.627 1.639 1.651 1.663 1.675 1.687 1.698 1.710 1.721 1.733 1.744 1.755 1.766 1.777 1.788 1.799 1.809 1.820 1.830 1.841 1.851 1.862 1.872 1.882

300 (-18.84°C) V H (0.0578) (338.8) 0.0590 341.4 0.0605 344.9 0.0620 348.3 0.0634 351.8 0.0649 355.3 0.0663 358.8 0.0677 362.3 0.0691 365.8 0.0705 369.4 0.0719 373.0 0.0733 376.5 0.0747 380.2 0.0760 383.8 0.0774 387.5 0.0787 391.2 0.0801 394.9 0.0814 398.6 0.0827 402.4 0.0841 406.1 0.0854 410.0 0.0867 413.8 0.0880 417.6 0.0893 421.5 0.0906 425.4 0.0920 429.4 0.0933 433.3 0.0946 437.3 0.0959 441.3 0.0972 445.3

Temp °C S (1.549) 1.557 1.570 1.583 1.596 1.609 1.621 1.633 1.646 1.658 1.670 1.681 1.693 1.705 1.716 1.727 1.739 1.750 1.761 1.772 1.783 1.793 1.804 1.815 1.825 1.836 1.846 1.856 1.867 1.877

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125







-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130

320 (-17.07°C) V H (0.0543) (339.6) 0.0549 341.0 0.0564 344.5 0.0578 348.0 0.0592 351.5 0.0605 355.0 0.0619 358.5 0.0632 362.0 0.0646 365.6 0.0659 369.1 0.0672 372.7 0.0685 376.3 0.0698 379.9 0.0711 383.6 0.0723 387.3 0.0736 391.0 0.0749 394.7 0.0761 398.4 0.0774 402.2 0.0787 406.0 0.0799 409.8 0.0811 413.6 0.0824 417.5 0.0836 421.4 0.0849 425.3 0.0861 429.2 0.0873 433.2 0.0885 437.1 0.0898 441.1 0.0910 445.2 0.0922 449.2

S (1.548) 1.554 1.567 1.580 1.593 1.606 1.618 1.631 1.643 1.655 1.667 1.679 1.690 1.702 1.713 1.725 1.736 1.747 1.758 1.769 1.780 1.791 1.802 1.812 1.823 1.833 1.844 1.854 1.864 1.874 1.884

330 (-16.21°C) V H (0.0527) (340.0) 0.0531 340.8 0.0545 344.3 0.0559 347.8 0.0572 351.3 0.0586 354.8 0.0599 358.3 0.0612 361.9 0.0625 365.4 0.0638 369.0 0.0651 372.6 0.0663 376.2 0.0676 379.8 0.0688 383.5 0.0701 387.2 0.0713 390.9 0.0725 394.6 0.0738 398.3 0.0750 402.1 0.0762 405.9 0.0774 409.8 0.0786 413.6 0.0798 417.4 0.0810 421.3 0.0822 425.2 0.0834 429.1 0.0846 433.1 0.0858 437.1 0.0870 441.1 0.0882 445.1 0.0894 449.2

S (1.546) 1.556 1.570 1.583 1.595 1.608 1.621 1.633 1.645 1.657 1.669 1.681 1.692 1.704 1.715 1.726 1.738 1.749 1.760 1.771 1.781 1.792 1.803 1.813 1.824 1.834 1.845 1.855 1.865 1.875 1.885

370 (-12.97°C) V H (0.0472) (341.4) 0.0480 343.6 0.0493 347.1 0.0505 350.6 0.0517 354.2 0.0529 357.8 0.0541 361.3 0.0553 364.9 0.0565 368.5 0.0576 372.1 0.0588 375.7 0.0599 379.4 0.0610 383.1 0.0622 386.8 0.0633 390.5 0.0644 394.2 0.0655 398.0 0.0666 401.8 0.0677 405.6 0.0688 409.4 0.0699 413.2 0.0710 417.1 0.0720 421.0 0.0731 424.9 0.0742 428.9 0.0753 432.8 0.0763 436.8 0.0774 440.8 0.0785 444.9 0.0795 448.9 0.0806 453.0

S (1.548) 1.551 1.564 1.578 1.590 1.603 1.616 1.628 1.640 1.652 1.664 1.676 1.688 1.699 1.711 1.722 1.734 1.745 1.756 1.767 1.775 1.788 1.799 1.810 1.820 1.831 1.841 1.851 1.862 1.872 1.882

340 (-15.37°C) V H (0.0512) (340.4) 0.0513 340.6 0.0527 344.1 0.0541 347.6 0.0554 351.2 0.0567 354.7 0.0580 358.2 0.0593 361.7 0.0605 365.3 0.0618 368.9 0.0630 372.5 0.0643 376.1 0.0655 379.7 0.0667 383.4 0.0679 387.1 0.0691 390.8 0.0703 394.5 0.0715 398.2 0.0727 402.0 0.0739 405.8 0.0751 409.7 0.0762 413.5 0.0774 417.3 0.0786 421.2 0.0797 425.1 0.0809 429.1 0.0821 433.0 0.0832 437.0 0.0844 441.0 0.0855 445.0 0.0867 449.1

S (1.547) 1.548 1.562 1.575 1.588 1.601 1.613 1.626 1.638 1.650 1.662 1.674 1.685 1.697 1.708 1.720 1.731 1.742 1.753 1.764 1.775 1.786 1.797 1.807 1.818 1.828 1.839 1.849 1.859 1.870 1.880

350 (-14.55°C) V H (0.0498) (340.7) 0.0511 343.9 0.0524 347.5 0.0537 351.0 0.0550 354.5 0.0562 358.1 0.0575 361.6 0.0587 365.2 0.0599 368.8 0.0611 372.4 0.0623 376.0 0.0635 379.6 0.0647 383.3 0.0659 387.0 0.0671 390.7 0.0682 394.4 0.0694 398.2 0.0706 401.9 0.0717 405.7 0.0728 409.6 0.0740 413.4 0.0751 417.3 0.0763 421.2 0.0774 425.1 0.0785 429.0 0.0797 433.0 0.0808 437.0 0.0819 441.0 0.0830 445.0 0.0842 449.0

S (1.545) 1.551 1.565 1.578 1.591 1.603 1.616 1.628 1.640 1.652 1.664 1.676 1.688 1.699 1.711 1.722 1.733 1.744 1.755 1.766 1.777 1.788 1.799 1.809 1.820 1.830 1.840 1.851 1.861 1.871 1.881

390 (-11.45°C) V H (0.0449) (342.1) 0.0453 343.2 0.0465 346.7 0.0477 350.3 0.0488 353.9 0.0500 357.5 0.0511 361.0 0.0523 364.6 0.0534 368.2 0.0545 371.9 0.0556 375.5 0.0567 379.2 0.0578 382.9 0.0588 386.6 0.0599 390.3 0.0610 394.0 0.0620 397.8 0.0631 401.6 0.0641 405.4 0.0652 409.3 0.0662 413.1 0.0672 417.0 0.0682 420.9 0.0693 424.8 0.0703 428.7 0.0713 432.7 0.0723 436.7 0.0733 440.7 0.0743 444.7 0.0753 448.8 0.0764 452.9

Temp °C S (1.547) 1.559 1.572 1.585 1.598 1.611 1.623 1.635 1.647 1.659 1.671 1.683 1.695 1.706 1.717 1.729 1.740 1.751 1.762 1.773 1.784 1.794 1.805 1.816 1.826 1.837 1.847 1.857 1.867 1.877

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130


-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

360 (-13.75°C) V H (0.0485) (341.1) 0.0495 343.7 0.0508 347.3 0.0521 350.8 0.0533 354.4 0.0545 357.9 0.0558 361.5 0.0570 365.0 0.0582 368.6 0.0593 372.2 0.0605 375.9 0.0617 379.5 0.0628 383.2 0.0640 386.9 0.0651 390.6 0.0663 394.3 0.0674 398.1 0.0685 401.8 0.0696 405.6 0.0708 409.5 0.0719 413.3 0.0730 417.2 0.0741 421.1 0.0752 425.0 0.0763 428.9 0.0774 432.9 0.0785 436.9 0.0796 440.9 0.0807 444.9 0.0818 449.0 0.0829 453.0

S (1.546) 1.554 1.567 1.580 1.593 1.606 1.618 1.631 1.643 1.655 1.667 1.678 1.690 1.701 1.713 1.724 1.735 1.746 1.758 1.769 1.779 1.790 1.801 1.811 1.822 1.832 1.842 1.853 1.863 1.873 1.883

380 (-12.20°C) V H (0.0460) (341.8) 0.0466 343.4 0.0478 346.9 0.0491 350.5 0.0503 354.0 0.0514 357.6 0.0526 361.2 0.0538 364.8 0.0549 368.4 0.0560 372.0 0.0571 375.6 0.0583 379.3 0.0594 383.0 0.0605 386.7 0.0615 390.4 0.0626 394.1 0.0637 397.9 0.0648 401.7 0.0658 405.5 0.0669 409.4 0.0680 413.2 0.0690 417.0 0.0701 420.9 0.0711 424.9 0.0722 428.8 0.0732 432.8 0.0743 436.8 0.0753 440.8 0.0763 444.8 0.0774 448.9 0.0784 452.9

Temp °C S (1.545) 1.549 1.562 1.575 1.588 1.601 1.614 1.626 1.638 1.650 1.662 1.674 1.686 1.697 1.709 1.720 1.731 1.742 1.753 1.764 1.775 1.786 1.796 1.807 1.818 1.828 1.838 1.849 1.859 1.869 1.879

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135







-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

400 (-10.71°C) V H (0.0438) (342.4) 0.0440 343.0 0.0452 346.6 0.0464 350.1 0.0475 353.7 0.0486 357.3 0.0498 360.9 0.0509 364.5 0.0520 368.1 0.0530 371.8 0.0541 375.4 0.0552 379.1 0.0562 382.8 0.0573 386.5 0.0583 390.2 0.0594 393.9 0.0604 397.7 0.0614 401.5 0.0624 405.3 0.0635 409.2 0.0645 413.0 0.0655 416.9 0.0665 420.8 0.0675 424.7 0.0685 428.7 0.0695 432.6 0.0705 436.6 0.0715 440.6 0.0724 444.7 0.0734 448.7 0.0744 452.8

S (1.544) 1.546 1.560 1.573 1.586 1.599 1.611 1.624 1.636 1.648 1.660 1.672 1.683 1.695 1.706 1.718 1.729 1.740 1.751 1.762 1.773 1.784 1.794 1.805 1.816 1.826 1.836 1.847 1.857 1.867 1.877

V (0.0413) 0.0422 0.0433 0.0444 0.0455 0.0466 0.0476 0.0487 0.0497 0.0507 0.0517 0.0527 0.0537 0.0547 0.0557 0.0567 0.0576 0.0586 0.0596 0.0605 0.0615 0.0624 0.0634 0.0643 0.0653 0.0662 0.0671 0.0681 0.0690 0.0699

425 (-8.92°C) H (343.2) 346.1 349.7 353.3 356.9 360.5 364.2 367.8 371.4 375.1 378.8 382.5 386.2 389.9 393.7 397.5 401.3 405.1 409.0 412.8 416.7 420.6 424.5 428.5 432.5 436.5 440.5 444.5 448.6 452.7

V (0.0336) 0.0341 0.0350 0.0360 0.0369 0.0378 0.0387 0.0395 0.0404 0.0412 0.0421 0.0429 0.0437 0.0446 0.0454 0.0462 0.0470 0.0478 0.0486 0.0494 0.0501 0.0509 0.0517 0.0525 0.0532 0.0540 0.0548 0.0555 0.0563 0.0571 0.0578

525 (-2.47°C) H (346.0) 347.9 351.6 355.3 359.0 362.8 366.5 370.2 373.9 377.6 381.4 385.2 388.9 392.7 396.6 400.4 404.2 408.1 412.0 415.9 419.9 423.8 427.8 431.8 435.8 439.8 443.9 448.0 452.1 456.2 460.3

S (1.543) 1.554 1.567 1.580 1.593 1.606 1.618 1.631 1.643 1.655 1.667 1.678 1.690 1.701 1.713 1.724 1.735 1.746 1.757 1.768 1.779 1.790 1.800 1.811 1.821 1.831 1.842 1.852 1.862 1.872

V (0.0391) 0.0396 0.0406 0.0417 0.0427 0.0438 0.0448 0.0458 0.0467 0.0477 0.0487 0.0496 0.0506 0.0515 0.0525 0.0534 0.0543 0.0552 0.0561 0.0570 0.0579 0.0589 0.0597 0.0606 0.0615 0.0624 0.0633 0.0642 0.0651 0.0660

450 (-7.21°C) H (344.0) 345.6 349.3 352.9 356.5 360.2 363.8 367.5 371.1 374.8 378.5 382.2 385.9 389.7 393.5 397.2 401.1 404.9 408.8 412.6 416.5 420.4 424.4 428.3 432.3 436.3 440.3 444.4 448.4 452.5

S (1.542) 1.548 1.562 1.575 1.588 1.601 1.613 1.626 1.638 1.650 1.662 1.673 1.685 1.697 1.708 1.719 1.730 1.742 1.753 1.763 1.774 1.785 1.796 1.806 1.817 1.827 1.837 1.847 1.858 1.868

V (0.0371) 0.0372 0.0382 0.0393 0.0403 0.0412 0.0422 0.0432 0.0441 0.0450 0.0459 0.0469 0.0478 0.0487 0.0495 0.0504 0.0513 0.0522 0.0531 0.0539 0.0548 0.0556 0.0565 0.0573 0.0582 0.0590 0.0599 0.0607 0.0616 0.0624

475 (-5.57°C) H (344.7) 345.1 348.8 352.5 356.1 359.8 363.5 367.1 370.8 374.5 378.2 381.9 385.7 389.4 393.2 397.0 400.8 404.7 408.5 412.4 416.3 420.2 424.2 428.1 432.1 436.1 440.2 444.2 448.3 452.4

V (0.0307) 0.0316 0.0324 0.0333 0.0341 0.0350 0.0358 0.0366 0.0374 0.0381 0.0389 0.0397 0.0404 0.0412 0.0419 0.0427 0.0434 0.0441 0.0449 0.0456 0.0463 0.0470 0.0477 0.0485 0.0492 0.0499 0.0506 0.0513 0.0520 0.0527

575 (+0.41°C) H (347.2) 350.7 354.5 358.3 362.0 365.8 369.5 373.3 377.1 380.8 384.6 388.4 392.3 396.1 399.9 403.8 407.7 411.6 415.5 419.5 423.5 427.4 431.4 435.5 439.5 443.6 447.7 451.8 455.9 460.1

Temp °C S (1.541) 1.543 1.557 1.570 1.583 1.596 1.608 1.621 1.633 1.645 1.657 1.669 1.680 1.692 1.703 1.715 1.726 1.737 1.744 1.759 1.770 1.781 1.791 1.802 1.812 1.823 1.833 1.843 1.853 1.863

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145

V (0.0352) 0.0361 0.0370 0.0380 0.0390 0.0399 0.0408 0.0417 0.0426 0.0435 0.0444 0.0452 0.0461 0.0469 0.0478 0.0486 0.0495 0.0503 0.0511 0.0519 0.0528 0.0536 0.0544 0.0552 0.0560 0.0568 0.0576 0.0584 0.0592 0.0600 0.0608

500 (-3.99°C) H (345.4) 348.3 352.1 355.7 359.4 363.1 366.8 370.5 374.2 377.9 381.7 385.4 389.2 393.0 396.8 400.6 404.5 408.4 412.2 416.1 420.0 424.0 428.0 432.0 436.0 440.0 444.1 448.1 452.2 456.3 460.5

S (1.540) 1.551 1.565 1.578 1.591 1.604 1.616 1.628 1.641 1.653 1.664 1.676 1.688 1.699 1.710 1.722 1.733 1.744 1.755 1.766 1.776 1.787 1.798 1.808 1.818 1.829 1.839 1.849 1.859 1.869 1.879

S (1.540) 1.547 1.560 1.573 1.586 1.599 1.612 1.624 1.636 1.648 1.660 1.672 1.683 1.695 1.706 1.718 1.729 1.740 1.751 1.762 1.772 1.783 1.794 1.804 1.815 1.825 1.835 1.845 1.855 1.865 1.875

V (0.0321) 0.0323 0.0332 0.0341 0.0350 0.0359 0.0367 0.0376 0.0384 0.0392 0.0400 0.0408 0.0416 0.0424 0.0432 0.0440 0.0447 0.0455 0.0463 0.0470 0.0478 0.0485 0.0493 0.0500 0.0507 0.0515 0.0522 0.0529 0.0537 0.0544 0.0551

550 (-1.01°C) H (346.6) 347.4 351.2 354.9 358.7 362.4 366.1 369.9 373.6 377.4 381.1 384.9 388.7 392.5 396.3 400.2 404.0 407.9 411.8 415.7 419.7 423.6 427.6 431.6 435.6 439.7 443.7 447.8 451.9 456.1 460.2

S (1.539) 1.542 1.555 1.569 1.582 1.595 1.607 1.620 1.632 1.644 1.656 1.668 1.679 1.691 1.702 1.714 1.725 1.736 1.747 1.758 1.769 1.779 1.790 1.800 1.811 1.821 1.831 1.842 1.852 1.862 1.872

Temp °C S (1.538) 1.551 1.564 1.578 1.590 1.603 1.616 1.628 1.640 1.652 1.664 1.676 1.687 1.699 1.710 1.721 1.732 1.743 1.754 1.765 1.776 1.786 1.797 1.807 1.817 1.828 1.838 1.848 1.858 1.868

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145







5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150

V (0.0294) 0.0300 0.0309 0.0317 0.0325 0.0333 0.0341 0.0349 0.0357 0.0364 0.0372 0.0379 0.0386 0.0394 0.0401 0.0408 0.0415 0.0422 0.0429 0.0436 0.0443 0.0450 0.0457 0.0464 0.0470 0.0477 0.0484 0.0491 0.0497 0.0504 0.0511

600 (+1.78°C) H (347.8) 350.3 354.1 357.9 361.7 365.4 369.2 373.0 376.8 380.6 384.4 388.2 392.0 395.9 399.7 403.6 407.5 411.4 415.3 419.3 423.3 427.3 431.3 435.3 439.4 443.4 447.5 451.6 455.8 459.9 464.1

V (0.0253) 0.0257 0.0265 0.0273 0.0280 0.0287 0.0294 0.0301 0.0307 0.0314 0.0321 0.0327 0.0333 0.0340 0.0346 0.0352 0.0358 0.0364 0.0371 0.0377 0.0383 0.0389 0.0395 0.0401 0.0406 0.0412 0.0418 0.0424 0.0430 0.0436 0.0441

700 (+6.88°C) H (349.8) 352.3 356.2 360.1 364.0 367.9 371.7 375.6 379.4 383.3 387.1 391.0 394.9 398.8 402.7 406.7 410.6 414.6 418.5 422.5 426.6 430.6 434.6 438.7 442.8 446.9 451.0 455.2 459.4 463.5 467.8

S (1.538) 1.546 1.560 1.573 1.586 1.599 1.612 1.624 1.636 1.648 1.660 1.672 1.683 1.695 1.706 1.717 1.729 1.740 1.750 1.761 1.772 1.783 1.793 1.804 1.814 1.824 1.835 1.845 1.855 1.865 1.875

V (0.0283) 0.0286 0.0294 0.0303 0.0311 0.0318 0.0326 0.0334 0.0341 0.0348 0.0355 0.0363 0.0370 0.0377 0.0384 0.0391 0.0398 0.0404 0.0411 0.0418 0.0424 0.0431 0.0438 0.0444 0.0451 0.0457 0.0464 0.0470 0.0477 0.0483 0.0490

625 (+3.11°C) H (348.3) 349.8 353.6 357.5 361.3 365.1 368.9 372.7 376.5 380.3 384.1 387.9 391.8 395.6 399.5 403.4 407.3 411.2 415.1 419.1 423.1 427.1 431.1 435.1 439.2 443.3 447.4 451.5 455.6 459.8 464.0

V (0.0244) 0.0247 0.0254 0.0262 0.0269 0.0276 0.0282 0.0289 0.0296 0.0302 0.0308 0.0315 0.0321 0.0327 0.0333 0.0339 0.0345 0.0351 0.0357 0.0363 0.0369 0.0375 0.0380 0.0386 0.0392 0.0398 0.0403 0.0409 0.0415 0.0420 0.0426

725 (+8.06°C) H (350.3) 351.8 355.8 359.7 363.6 367.5 371.4 375.2 379.1 383.0 386.9 390.8 394.7 398.6 402.5 406.5 410.4 414.4 418.3 422.3 426.4 430.4 434.5 438.6 442.6 446.8 450.9 455.1 459.2 463.4 467.6

S (1.537) 1.542 1.556 1.569 1.582 1.595 1.608 1.620 1.633 1.645 1.656 1.668 1.680 1.691 1.703 1.714 1.725 1.736 1.747 1.758 1.769 1.779 1.790 1.800 1.811 1.821 1.831 1.841 1.851 1.861 1.871

V (0.0272) 0.0273 0.0281 0.0289 0.0297 0.0305 0.0312 0.0319 0.0326 0.0334 0.0341 0.0348 0.0354 0.0361 0.0368 0.0375 0.0382 0.0388 0.0394 0.0401 0.0407 0.0414 0.0420 0.0426 0.0433 0.0439 0.0445 0.0452 0.0458 0.0464 0.0470

650 (+4.40°C) H (348.8) 349.3 353.2 357.1 360.9 364.7 368.5 372.4 376.2 380.0 383.8 387.7 391.5 395.4 399.3 403.2 407.1 411.0 414.9 418.9 422.9 426.9 430.9 435.0 439.0 443.1 447.2 451.3 455.5 459.6 463.8

675 (+5.66°C) H (349.3) 352.8 356.7 360.5 364.4 368.2 372.0 375.9 379.7 383.5 387.4 391.3 395.1 399.0 402.9 406.9 410.8 414.8 418.7 422.7 426.7 430.8 434.8 438.9 443.0 447.1 451.2 455.3 459.5 463.7

S (1.536) 1.538 1.552 1.565 1.579 1.591 1.604 1.617 1.629 1.641 1.653 1.665 1.676 1.688 1.699 1.711 1.722 1.733 1.744 1.755 1.765 1.776 1.787 1.797 1.807 1.818 1.828 1.838 1.848 1.858 1.868

V (0.0262) 0.0269 0.0277 0.0284 0.0292 0.0299 0.0306 0.0313 0.0320 0.0327 0.0334 0.0340 0.0347 0.0353 0.0360 0.0367 0.0373 0.0379 0.0385 0.0391 0.0398 0.0404 0.0410 0.0416 0.0422 0.0428 0.0434 0.0440 0.0446 0.0452

S (1.534) 1.536 1.550 1.564 1.577 1.590 1.603 1.615 1.628 1.640 1.652 1.664 1.675 1.687 1.698 1.708 1.720 1.731 1.742 1.753 1.764 1.775 1.785 1.796 1.806 1.816 1.826 1.837 1.847 1.857 1.866

775 (+10.35°C) V H (0.0228) (351.2) 0.0235 354.9 0.0242 358.9 0.0249 362.9 0.0255 366.8 0.0262 370.7 0.0268 374.6 0.0274 378.5 0.0280 382.4 0.0286 386.3 0.0292 390.2 0.0298 394.2 0.0304 398.1 0.0310 402.0 0.0316 406.0 0.0321 410.0 0.0327 414.0 0.0333 418.0 0.0338 422.0 0.0344 426.0 0.0349 430.1 0.0355 434.1 0.0360 438.2 0.0365 442.3 0.0371 446.5 0.0376 450.6 0.0381 454.8 0.0387 458.9 0.0392 463.1 0.0397 467.4

Temp °C S (1.536) 1.548 1.561 1.575 1.588 1.600 1.613 1.625 1.638 1.649 1.661 1.673 1.685 1.696 1.707 1.719 1.730 1.741 1.751 1.762 1.773 1.783 1.794 1.804 1.815 1.825 1.835 1.845 1.855 1.865

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150


10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155

S (1.535) 1.544 1.558 1.571 1.584 1.597 1.610 1.622 1.634 1.646 1.658 1.670 1.681 1.693 1.704 1.715 1.726 1.737 1.748 1.759 1.770 1.780 1.791 1.801 1.812 1.822 1.832 1.842 1.852 1.862 1.872

S (1.534) 1.540 1.554 1.567 1.581 1.593 1.606 1.619 1.631 1.643 1.655 1.667 1.678 1.690 1.701 1.712 1.723 1.734 1.745 1.756 1.767 1.777 1.788 1.798 1.809 1.819 1.829 1.839 1.849 1.859 1.869

V (0.0236) 0.0237 0.0244 0.0251 0.0258 0.0265 0.0272 0.0278 0.0285 0.0291 0.0297 0.0303 0.0309 0.0315 0.0321 0.0327 0.0333 0.0339 0.0344 0.0350 0.0356 0.0361 0.0367 0.0373 0.0378 0.0384 0.0389 0.0395 0.0400 0.0406 0.0411

750 (+9.22°C) H (350.7) 351.4 355.4 359.3 363.3 367.2 371.1 374.9 378.8 382.7 386.6 390.5 394.4 398.3 402.3 406.3 410.2 414.2 418.1 422.2 426.2 430.2 434.3 438.4 442.5 446.6 450.7 454.9 459.1 463.3 467.5

Temp °C S (1.533) 1.547 1.560 1.574 1.587 1.600 1.612 1.625 1.637 1.649 1.660 1.672 1.684 1.695 1.707 1.718 1.729 1.740 1.750 1.761 1.772 1.782 1.793 1.803 1.814 1.824 1.834 1.844 1.854 1.864

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155







15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160

V (0.0221) 0.0226 0.0233 0.0239 0.0246 0.0252 0.0259 0.0265 0.0271 0.0277 0.0282 0.0288 0.0294 0.0299 0.0305 0.0311 0.0316 0.0322 0.0327 0.0332 0.0338 0.0343 0.0348 0.0353 0.0359 0.0364 0.0369 0.0374 0.0379 0.0384 0.0390

800 (11.45°C) H (351.6) 354.5 358.5 362.5 366.4 370.4 374.3 378.2 382.1 386.1 390.0 393.9 397.9 401.8 405.8 409.8 413.8 417.8 421.8 425.8 429.9 434.0 438.1 442.2 446.3 450.4 454.6 458.8 463.0 467.2 471.5

V (0.0175) 0.0176 0.0182 0.0188 0.0194 0.0199 0.0205 0.0210 0.0215 0.0220 0.0225 0.0229 0.0234 0.0239 0.0244 0.0248 0.0253 0.0257 0.0262 0.0266 0.0270 0.0275 0.0279 0.0284 0.0288 0.0292 0.0296 0.0301 0.0305 0.0309 0.0313

1000 (19.46°C) H (354.4) 354.9 359.2 363.4 367.5 371.6 375.7 379.8 383.8 387.9 391.9 395.9 400.0 404.0 408.0 412.1 416.2 420.3 424.4 428.5 432.6 436.7 440.9 445.1 449.2 453.4 457.7 461.9 466.1 470.4 474.7

S (1.533) 1.543 1.557 1.570 1.584 1.596 1.609 1.621 1.634 1.646 1.658 1.669 1.681 1.692 1.704 1.715 1.726 1.737 1.748 1.758 1.769 1.780 1.790 1.801 1.811 1.821 1.831 1.841 1.851 1.861 1.871

V (0.0207) 0.0209 0.0216 0.0223 0.0229 0.0235 0.0241 0.0247 0.0253 0.0258 0.0264 0.0269 0.0275 0.0280 0.0286 0.0291 0.0296 0.0301 0.0306 0.0312 0.0317 0.0322 0.0327 0.0332 0.0337 0.0342 0.0346 0.0351 0.0356 0.0361 0.0366

850 (13.58°C) H (352.4) 353.5 357.6 361.7 365.7 369.7 373.7 377.6 381.6 385.5 389.5 393.4 397.4 401.4 405.4 409.3 413.3 417.4 421.4 425.5 429.5 433.6 437.7 441.9 446.0 450.1 454.3 458.5 462.7 467.0 471.2

V (0.0159) 0.0161 0.0167 0.0172 0.0177 0.0182 0.0187 0.0192 0.0197 0.0201 0.0206 0.0210 0.0215 0.0219 0.0223 0.0228 0.0232 0.0236 0.0240 0.0244 0.0248 0.0252 0.0256 0.0260 0.0264 0.0268 0.0272 0.0276 0.0280 0.0283

1100 (23.03°C) H (355.6) 357.4 361.7 366.0 370.2 374.4 378.5 382.6 386.7 390.8 394.9 399.0 403.1 407.2 411.3 415.4 419.5 423.6 427.7 431.9 436.1 440.2 444.4 448.6 452.8 457.1 461.3 465.6 469.9 474.2

S (1.532) 1.536 1.550 1.564 1.577 1.590 1.603 1.616 1.628 1.640 1.652 1.664 1.675 1.687 1.698 1.709 1.721 1.732 1.742 1.753 1.764 1.775 1.785 1.795 1.806 1.816 1.826 1.836 1.846 1.856 1.866

V (0.0196) 0.0201 0.0208 0.0214 0.0220 0.0226 0.0231 0.0237 0.0242 0.0248 0.0253 0.0258 0.0263 0.0268 0.0273 0.0278 0.0283 0.0288 0.0293 0.0298 0.0303 0.0307 0.0312 0.0317 0.0322 0.0326 0.0331 0.0336 0.0340 0.0345

900 (15.62°C) H (353.1) 356.8 360.9 365.0 369.0 373.0 377.0 381.0 385.0 388.9 392.9 396.9 400.9 404.9 408.9 412.9 417.0 421.0 425.1 429.2 433.3 437.4 441.5 445.7 449.8 454.0 458.2 462.4 466.7 470.9

S (1.531) 1.544 1.558 1.571 1.584 1.597 1.610 1.622 1.634 1.646 1.658 1.670 1.682 1.693 1.704 1.715 1.727 1.737 1.748 1.759 1.770 1.780 1.791 1.801 1.811 1.821 1.832 1.842 1.852 1.861

V (0.0185) 0.0188 0.0194 0.0200 0.0206 0.0212 0.0217 0.0223 0.0228 0.0233 0.0238 0.0243 0.0248 0.0253 0.0258 0.0262 0.0267 0.0272 0.0277 0.0281 0.0286 0.0290 0.0295 0.0299 0.0304 0.0308 0.0313 0.0317 0.0322 0.0326

950 (17.58°C) H (353.8) 355.8 360.1 364.2 368.3 372.3 376.4 380.4 384.4 388.4 392.4 396.4 400.4 404.5 408.5 412.5 416.6 420.6 424.7 428.8 432.9 437.1 441.2 445.4 449.5 453.7 457.9 462.2 466.4 470.7

V (0.0133) 0.0133 0.0138 0.0143 0.0148 0.0153 0.0157 0.0162 0.0166 0.0170 0.0174 0.0178 0.0182 0.0185 0.0189 0.0193 0.0196 0.0200 0.0204 0.0207 0.0211 0.0214 0.0217 0.0221 0.0224 0.0228 0.0231 0.0234 0.0238

1300 (29.49°C) H (357.5) 358.0 362.7 367.2 371.6 375.9 380.2 384.4 388.6 392.8 397.0 401.2 405.4 409.5 413.7 417.9 422.1 426.3 430.5 434.7 438.9 443.1 447.4 451.6 455.9 460.2 464.5 468.8 473.1

Temp °C S (1.530) 1.537 1.551 1.565 1.578 1.592 1.604 1.617 1.629 1.641 1.653 1.665 1.677 1.688 1.699 1.711 1.722 1.733 1.744 1.754 1.765 1.776 1.786 1.796 1.807 1.817 1.827 1.837 1.847 1.857

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160


20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165

S (1.529) 1.531 1.545 1.559 1.573 1.586 1.599 1.612 1.624 1.636 1.648 1.660 1.672 1.684 1.695 1.706 1.717 1.728 1.739 1.750 1.760 1.771 1.782 1.792 1.802 1.813 1.823 1.833 1.843 1.853 1.862

S (1.527) 1.533 1.548 1.562 1.576 1.589 1.602 1.614 1.627 1.639 1.651 1.663 1.675 1.686 1.697 1.708 1.719 1.730 1.741 1.752 1.763 1.773 1.784 1.794 1.804 1.815 1.825 1.835 1.845 1.854

V (0.0145) 0.0149 0.0154 0.0159 0.0164 0.0169 0.0173 0.0178 0.0182 0.0186 0.0191 0.0195 0.0199 0.0203 0.0207 0.0211 0.0215 0.0218 0.0222 0.0226 0.0230 0.0233 0.0237 0.0241 0.0244 0.0248 0.0252 0.0255 0.0259

1200 (26.36°C) H (356.6) 359.9 364.4 368.7 373.0 377.2 381.4 385.6 389.7 393.9 398.0 402.1 406.3 410.4 414.5 418.7 422.8 427.0 431.2 435.4 439.6 443.8 448.0 452.2 456.5 460.8 465.0 469.3 473.7

S (1.526) 1.537 1.551 1.565 1.579 1.592 1.605 1.618 1.630 1.642 1.654 1.666 1.677 1.689 1.700 1.711 1.722 1.733 1.744 1.755 1.766 1.776 1.787 1.797 1.807 1.817 1.827 1.837 1.847

Temp °C S (1.524) 1.526 1.541 1.556 1.569 1.583 1.596 1.609 1.622 1.634 1.646 1.658 1.670 1.681 1.693 1.704 1.715 1.726 1.737 1.748 1.758 1.769 1.779 1.790 1.800 1.810 1.820 1.830 1.840

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165







35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180

V (0.0122) 0.0125 0.0130 0.0135 0.0139 0.0143 0.0148 0.0152 0.0155 0.0159 0.0163 0.0167 0.0170 0.0174 0.0177 0.0181 0.0184 0.0188 0.0191 0.0194 0.0197 0.0201 0.0204 0.0207 0.0210 0.0213 0.0217 0.0220 0.0223 0.0226 0.0229

1400 (32.45°C) H (358.3) 360.8 365.5 370.0 374.5 378.9 383.2 387.5 391.7 396.0 400.2 404.4 408.7 412.9 417.1 421.3 425.5 429.7 434.0 438.2 442.5 446.7 451.0 455.3 459.6 463.9 468.3 472.6 477.0 481.3 485.7

V (0.0092) 0.0094 0.0098 0.0102 0.0106 0.0110 0.0114 0.0117 0.0120 0.0124 0.0127 0.0130 0.0133 0.0136 0.0139 0.0141 0.0144 0.0147 0.0150 0.0152 0.0155 0.0158 0.0160 0.0163 0.0165 0.0168 0.0170 0.0173 0.0175 0.0178 0.0180

1800 (42.91°C) H (360.6) 362.8 368.0 373.0 377.8 382.5 387.1 391.6 396.1 400.5 404.9 409.3 413.7 418.1 422.4 426.8 431.1 435.5 439.8 444.2 448.5 452.9 457.3 461.7 466.1 470.5 474.9 479.3 483.8 488.2 492.7

S (1.523) 1.531 1.546 1.560 1.574 1.588 1.601 1.613 1.626 1.638 1.650 1.662 1.674 1.685 1.697 1.708 1.719 1.730 1.741 1.752 1.762 1.773 1.783 1.793 1.804 1.814 1.824 1.834 1.844 1.854 1.8630

V (0.0113) 0.0125 0.0130 0.0135 0.0139 0.0143 0.0148 0.0152 0.0155 0.0159 0.0163 0.0167 0.0170 0.0174 0.0177 0.0181 0.0184 0.0188 0.0191 0.0194 0.0197 0.0201 0.0204 0.0207 0.0210 0.0213 0.0217 0.0220 0.0223 0.0226

1500 (35.26°C) H (359.0) 360.8 365.5 370.0 374.5 378.9 383.2 387.5 391.7 396.0 400.2 404.4 408.7 412.9 417.1 421.3 425.5 429.7 434.0 438.2 442.5 446.7 451.0 455.3 459.6 463.9 468.3 472.6 477.0 481.3

V (0.0086) 0.0090 0.0095 0.0099 0.0102 0.0106 0.0109 0.0112 0.0116 0.0119 0.0122 0.0124 0.0127 0.0130 0.0133 0.0135 0.0138 0.0141 0.0143 0.0146 0.0148 0.0151 0.0153 0.0156 0.0158 0.0161 0.0163 0.0165 0.0168 0.0170

1900 (45.26°C) H (360.9) 366.1 371.3 376.3 381.1 385.8 390.4 395.0 399.5 403.9 408.4 412.8 417.2 421.6 426.0 430.4 434.7 439.1 443.5 447.9 452.3 456.7 461.1 465.5 469.9 474.4 478.8 483.3 487.7 492.2

S (1.521) 1.531 1.546 1.560 1.574 1.588 1.601 1.613 1.626 1.638 1.650 1.662 1.674 1.685 1.697 1.708 1.719 1.730 1.741 1.752 1.762 1.773 1.783 1.793 1.804 1.814 1.824 1.834 1.844 1.854

V (0.0105) 0.0107 0.0112 0.0116 0.0121 0.0125 0.0128 0.0132 0.0136 0.0139 0.0142 0.0146 0.0149 0.0152 0.0155 0.0159 0.0162 0.0165 0.0168 0.0171 0.0173 0.0176 0.0179 0.0182 0.0185 0.0188 0.0191 0.0193 0.0196 0.0199

1600 (37.93°C) H (359.6) 361.7 366.7 371.4 376.1 380.6 385.1 389.5 393.9 398.2 402.5 406.8 411.1 415.4 419.7 424.0 428.3 432.6 436.9 441.2 445.5 449.8 454.1 458.5 462.8 467.2 471.5 475.9 480.3 484.7

S (1.520) 1.526 1.542 1.557 1.571 1.585 1.598 1.611 1.624 1.636 1.648 1.660 1.672 1.683 1.695 1.706 1.717 1.728 1.739 1.750 1.760 1.771 1.781 1.792 1.802 1.812 1.822 1.832 1.842 1.852

V (0.0098) 0.0102 0.0107 0.0111 0.0115 0.0119 0.0122 0.0126 0.0129 0.0132 0.0136 0.0139 0.0142 0.0145 0.0148 0.0151 0.0154 0.0157 0.0159 0.0162 0.0165 0.0168 0.0170 0.0173 0.0176 0.0179 0.0181 0.0184 0.0186

1700 (40.48°C) H (360.1) 364.8 369.8 374.6 379.2 383.8 388.3 392.7 397.2 401.5 405.9 410.2 414.6 418.9 423.2 427.5 431.8 436.2 440.5 444.8 449.2 453.5 457.9 462.2 466.6 471.0 475.4 479.8 484.3

V (0.0076) 0.0076 0.0081 0.0085 0.0089 0.0092 0.0096 0.0099 0.0102 0.0105 0.0107 0.0110 0.0113 0.0116 0.0118 0.0121 0.0123 0.0126 0.0128 0.0130 0.0133 0.0135 0.0137 0.0140 0.0142 0.0144 0.0146 0.0149 0.0151 0.0153

2100 (49.67°C) H (361.4) 361.8 367.6 373.0 378.2 383.1 387.9 392.7 397.3 401.9 406.5 411.0 415.5 420.0 424.4 428.9 433.3 437.7 442.2 446.6 451.0 455.5 459.9 464.4 468.8 473.3 477.8 482.3 486.8 491.3

Temp °C S (1.518) 1.533 1.548 1.563 1.577 1.591 1.604 1.617 1.629 1.642 1.654 1.666 1.677 1.689 1.700 1.711 1.722 1.733 1.744 1.755 1.765 1.776 1.786 1.796 1.807 1.817 1.827 1.837 1.846

35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180


45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190

S (1.516) 1.523 1.540 1.555 1.569 1.583 1.597 1.610 1.623 1.635 1.647 1.659 1.671 1.683 1.694 1.706 1.717 1.728 1.739 1.749 1.760 1.770 1.781 1.791 1.801 1.812 1.822 1.831 1.841 1.851 1.861

S (1.515) 1.531 1.547 1.562 1.576 1.590 1.603 1.616 1.629 1.641 1.654 1.665 1.677 1.689 1.700 1.711 1.722 1.733 1.744 1.755 1.765 1.776 1.786 1.796 1.807 1.817 1.827 1.836 1.846 1.856

V (0.0081) 0.0083 0.0088 0.0092 0.0095 0.0099 0.0102 0.0105 0.0108 0.0111 0.0114 0.0117 0.0120 0.0122 0.0125 0.0128 0.0130 0.0133 0.0135 0.0138 0.0140 0.0143 0.0145 0.0147 0.0150 0.0152 0.0154 0.0157 0.0159 0.0161

2000 (47.50°C) H (361.2) 364.1 369.5 374.7 379.7 384.5 389.2 393.8 398.4 402.9 407.4 411.9 416.4 420.8 425.2 429.6 434.0 438.4 442.8 447.3 451.7 456.1 460.5 464.9 469.4 473.8 478.3 482.8 487.2 491.7

S (1.513) 1.522 1.539 1.554 1.569 1.583 1.597 1.610 1.623 1.635 1.648 1.660 1.672 1.683 1.695 1.706 1.717 1.728 1.739 1.750 1.760 1.771 1.781 1.792 1.802 1.812 1.822 1.832 1.842 1.851

Temp °C S (1.511) 1.512 1.530 1.546 1.562 1.576 1.590 1.604 1.617 1.630 1.642 1.654 1.666 1.678 1.690 1.701 1.712 1.723 1.734 1.745 1.756 1.766 1.777 1.787 1.797 1.807 1.817 1.827 1.837 1.847

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190







55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200

V (0.0072) 0.0075 0.0079 0.0083 0.0086 0.0090 0.0093 0.0096 0.0099 0.0101 0.0104 0.0107 0.0109 0.0112 0.0114 0.0117 0.0119 0.0121 0.0124 0.0126 0.0128 0.0130 0.0133 0.0135 0.0137 0.0139 0.0141 0.0143 0.0145 0.0147 0.0150

2200 (51.56°C) H (361.5) 365.5 371.2 376.6 381.7 386.6 391.5 396.2 400.9 405.5 410.1 414.6 419.1 423.6 428.1 432.6 437.0 441.5 446.0 450.4 454.9 459.3 463.8 468.3 472.8 477.3 481.8 486.3 490.8 495.3 499.8

V (0.0057) 0.0058 0.0062 0.0066 0.0070 0.0073 0.0076 0.0079 0.0081 0.0084 0.0086 0.0089 0.0091 0.0093 0.0096 0.0098 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0108 0.0110 0.0112 0.0114 0.0116 0.0118 0.0119 0.0121 0.0123 0.0125

2600 (59.46°C) H (361.2) 362.1 369.0 375.1 380.8 386.2 391.3 396.4 401.3 406.1 410.9 415.6 420.3 424.9 429.5 434.1 438.7 443.3 447.8 452.4 457.0 461.5 466.1 470.6 475.2 479.7 484.3 488.9 493.4 498.0

S (1.509) 1.521 1.539 1.555 1.570 1.584 1.598 1.611 1.624 1.637 1.649 1.661 1.673 1.685 1.696 1.707 1.718 1.729 1.740 1.751 1.762 1.772 1.783 1.793 1.803 1.813 1.823 1.833 1.843 1.852 1.862

V (0.0068) 0.0069 0.0073 0.0077 0.0081 0.0084 0.0087 0.0090 0.0093 0.0096 0.0098 0.0101 0.0104 0.0106 0.0108 0.0111 0.0113 0.0115 0.0118 0.0120 0.0122 0.0124 0.0126 0.0128 0.0130 0.0132 0.0135 0.0137 0.0139 0.0141 0.0143

2300 (53.78°C) H (361.6) 363.2 369.3 374.9 380.2 385.3 390.2 395.0 399.8 404.5 409.1 413.7 418.3 422.8 427.3 431.8 436.3 440.8 445.3 449.8 454.3 458.8 463.2 467.7 472.2 476.7 481.3 485.8 490.3 494.8 499.4

V (0.0054) 0.0058 0.0062 0.0066 0.0069 0.0072 0.0075 0.0077 0.0080 0.0082 0.0085 0.0087 0.0089 0.0091 0.0093 0.0096 0.0098 0.0100 0.0101 0.0103 0.0105 0.0107 0.0109 0.0111 0.0113 0.0115 0.0116 0.0118 0.0120

2700 (61.24°C) H (361.0) 366.6 373.2 379.1 384.7 390.0 395.2 400.2 405.1 409.9 414.7 419.4 424.1 428.7 433.4 438.0 442.6 447.2 451.8 456.3 460.9 465.5 470.1 474.6 479.2 483.8 488.4 493.0 497.6

S (1.507) 1.512 1.530 1.547 1.563 1.578 1.592 1.605 1.618 1.631 1.644 1.656 1.668 1.680 1.691 1.703 1.714 1.725 1.736 1.747 1.757 1.768 1.778 1.789 1.799 1.809 1.819 1.829 1.839 1.848 1.858

V (0.0064) 0.0068 0.0072 0.0076 0.0079 0.0082 0.0085 0.0088 0.0091 0.0093 0.0096 0.0098 0.0101 0.0103 0.0105 0.0108 0.0110 0.0112 0.0114 0.0116 0.0118 0.0120 0.0122 0.0124 0.0126 0.0128 0.0130 0.0132 0.0134 0.0136

2400 (55.73°C) H (361.5) 367.1 373.1 378.6 383.8 388.9 393.8 398.7 403.4 408.1 412.8 417.4 422.0 426.5 431.1 435.6 440.1 444.6 449.1 453.6 458.2 462.7 467.2 471.7 476.2 480.8 485.3 489.8 494.4 498.9

S (1.505) 1.522 1.540 1.556 1.571 1.586 1.599 1.613 1.626 1.638 1.651 1.663 1.675 1.687 1.698 1.709 1.720 1.731 1.742 1.753 1.764 1.774 1.784 1.795 1.805 1.815 1.825 1.835 1.844 1.854

V (0.0060) 0.0063 0.0067 0.0071 0.0074 0.0077 0.0080 0.0083 0.0086 0.0088 0.0091 0.0093 0.0096 0.0098 0.0100 0.0102 0.0105 0.0107 0.0109 0.0111 0.0113 0.0115 0.0117 0.0119 0.0121 0.0123 0.0125 0.0127 0.0128 0.0130

2500 (57.63°C) H (361.4) 364.8 371.1 376.9 382.3 387.6 392.6 397.5 402.4 407.1 411.8 416.5 421.1 425.7 430.3 434.9 439.4 444.0 448.5 453.0 457.6 462.1 466.6 471.2 475.7 480.2 484.8 489.4 493.9 498.5

V (0.049) 0.0049 0.0054 0.0058 0.0061 0.0064 0.0067 0.0070 0.0072 0.0075 0.0077 0.0079 0.0082 0.0084 0.0086 0.0088 0.0090 0.0091 0.0093 0.0095 0.0097 0.0099 0.0101 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0108 0.0109 0.0111

2900 (64.66°C) H (360.2) 360.8 368.8 375.5 381.4 387.2 392.6 397.8 402.9 407.9 412.8 417.6 422.4 427.1 431.9 436.5 441.2 445.8 450.5 455.1 459.7 464.3 469.0 473.6 478.2 482.8 487.4 492.0 496.7

Temp °C S (1.503) 1.513 1.532 1.549 1.565 1.579 1.594 1.607 1.621 1.633 1.646 1.658 1.670 1.682 1.693 1.705 1.716 1.727 1.738 1.749 1.759 1.770 1.780 1.791 1.801 1.811 1.821 1.831 1.841 1.850

55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200


60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200

S (1.501) 1.503 1.524 1.542 1.558 1.573 1.588 1.602 1.615 1.628 1.641 1.653 1.666 1.677 1.689 1.701 1.712 1.723 1.734 1.745 1.756 1.766 1.777 1.787 1.797 1.807 1.817 1.827 1.837 1.847

S (1.498) 1.515 1.534 1.551 1.567 1.582 1.596 1.610 1.623 1.636 1.649 1.661 1.673 1.685 1.696 1.708 1.719 1.730 1.741 1.752 1.762 1.773 1.783 1.793 1.804 1.814 1.824 1.833 1.843

V (0.0051) 0.0054 0.0058 0.0062 0.0065 0.0068 0.0071 0.0074 0.0076 0.0078 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0087 0.0089 0.0091 0.0093 0.0095 0.0097 0.0099 0.0101 0.0103 0.0105 0.0106 0.0108 0.0110 0.0112 0.0113 0.0115

2800 (62.97°C) H (360.6) 364 371.1 377.4 383.2 388.6 393.9 399.0 404.0 408.9 413.7 418.5 423.3 428.0 432.6 437.3 441.9 446.5 451.1 455.7 460.3 464.9 469.5 474.1 478.7 483.3 487.9 492.5 497.1

S (1.495) 1.505 1.526 1.544 1.561 1.576 1.591 1.605 1.618 1.631 1.644 1.657 1.669 1.681 1.692 1.704 1.715 1.726 1.737 1.748 1.758 1.769 1.779 1.790 1.800 1.810 1.820 1.830 1.840

Temp °C S (1.493) 1.495 1.518 1.537 1.555 1.571 1.586 1.600 1.614 1.627 1.640 1.652 1.664 1.676 1.688 1.700 1.711 1.722 1.733 1.744 1.755 1.765 1.776 1.786 1.796 1.807 1.817 1.827 1.836

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200







70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200

V (0.0046) 0.0050 0.0054 0.0058 0.0061 0.0064 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0074 0.0076 0.0078 0.0080 0.0082 0.0084 0.0086 0.0088 0.0090 0.0092 0.0093 0.0095 0.0097 0.0099 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0105 0.0107

3000 (66.29°C) H (359.6) 366.2 373.4 379.8 385.7 391.3 396.6 401.8 406.9 411.8 416.7 421.5 426.3 431.1 435.8 440.5 445.2 449.8 454.5 459.1 463.8 468.4 473.0 477.7 482.3 486.9 491.6 496.2

V (0.0037) 0.0040 0.0045 0.0049 0.0052 0.0055 0.0057 0.0060 0.0062 0.0064 0.0066 0.0068 0.0070 0.0072 0.0074 0.0076 0.0077 0.0079 0.0081 0.0082 0.0084 0.0085 0.0087 0.0088 0.0090 0.0091 0.0093

3400 (72.43°C) H (356.1) 362.6 371.6 378.9 385.3 391.3 397.0 402.5 407.7 412.9 418.0 423.0 427.9 432.8 437.6 442.4 447.2 451.9 456.7 461.4 466.1 470.8 475.5 480.2 484.9 489.6 494.3

S (1.490) 1.509 1.530 1.548 1.565 1.580 1.595 1.609 1.622 1.635 1.648 1.660 1.672 1.684 1.696 1.707 1.718 1.730 1.740 1.751 1.762 1.772 1.783 1.793 1.803 1.813 1.823 1.833

V (0.0044) 0.0046 0.0051 0.0055 0.0058 0.0061 0.0063 0.0066 0.0068 0.0071 0.0073 0.0075 0.0077 0.0079 0.0081 0.0083 0.0084 0.0086 0.0088 0.0090 0.0092 0.0093 0.0095 0.0097 0.0098 0.0100 0.0101 0.0103

3100 (67.89°C) H (359.0) 363.2 371.2 378.0 384.1 389.9 395.4 400.7 405.8 410.8 415.8 420.7 425.5 430.3 435.1 439.8 444.5 449.2 453.9 458.5 463.2 467.8 472.5 477.1 481.8 486.4 491.1 495.7

V (0.0034) 0.0036 0.0042 0.0046 0.0049 0.0052 0.0055 0.0057 0.0059 0.0062 0.0064 0.0066 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0073 0.0075 0.0076 0.0078 0.0079 0.0081 0.0083 0.0084 0.0086 0.0087 0.0089 0.0090

3500 (73.87°C) H (354.7) 358.3 369.0 376.9 383.7 389.9 395.7 401.3 406.7 411.9 417.0 422.1 427.1 432.0 436.9 441.7 446.5 451.3 456.1 460.8 465.6 470.3 475.0 479.7 484.4 489.2 493.9

S (1.486) 1.499 1.522 1.541 1.559 1.574 1.589 1.604 1.617 1.631 1.644 1.656 1.668 1.680 1.692 1.703 1.715 1.726 1.737 1.748 1.758 1.769 1.779 1.790 1.800 1.810 1.820 1.830

V (0.0041) 0.0042 0.0047 0.0051 0.0055 0.0058 0.0060 0.0063 0.0065 0.0068 0.0070 0.0072 0.0074 0.0076 0.0078 0.0079 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0087 0.0088 0.0090 0.0092 0.0093 0.0095 0.0096 0.0098 0.0099

3200 (69.44°C) H (358.2) 359.5 368.7 376.0 382.5 388.4 394.1 399.5 404.7 409.8 414.8 419.8 424.7 429.5 434.3 439.1 443.8 448.5 453.2 457.9 462.6 467.3 471.9 476.6 481.3 485.9 490.6 495.3

S (1.483) 1.487 1.513 1.534 1.552 1.569 1.584 1.599 1.613 1.626 1.639 1.652 1.664 1.676 1.688 1.700 1.711 1.722 1.733 1.744 1.755 1.766 1.776 1.786 1.797 1.807 1.817 1.827

V (0.0039) 0.0044 0.0048 0.0052 0.0055 0.0057 0.0060 0.0062 0.0065 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0073 0.0075 0.0077 0.0078 0.0080 0.0082 0.0083 0.0085 0.0087 0.0088 0.0090 0.0092 0.0093 0.0095 0.0096

3300 (70.95°C) H (357.2) 365.9 373.8 380.7 386.9 392.7 398.3 403.6 408.8 413.9 418.9 423.8 428.7 433.5 438.3 443.1 447.9 452.6 457.3 462.0 466.7 471.4 476.1 480.8 485.4 490.1 494.8

V (0.0030) 0.0036 0.0041 0.0044 0.0047 0.0050 0.0052 0.0055 0.0057 0.0059 0.0061 0.0063 0.0065 0.0066 0.0068 0.0070 0.0071 0.0073 0.0074 0.0076 0.0077 0.0079 0.0080 0.0082 0.0083 0.0085

3700 (76.64°C) H (350.8) 362.5 372.3 380.0 386.8 393.0 398.8 404.4 409.9 415.1 420.3 425.4 430.4 435.4 440.3 445.2 450.0 454.8 459.6 464.4 469.2 473.9 478.7 483.4 488.2 492.9

Temp °C S (1.479) 1.504 1.526 1.546 1.563 1.579 1.594 1.608 1.622 1.635 1.648 1.660 1.672 1.684 1.696 1.708 1.719 1.730 1.741 1.752 1.762 1.773 1.783 1.794 1.804 1.814 1.824

70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200


75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200

S (1.474) 1.493 1.519 1.539 1.557 1.574 1.589 1.604 1.617 1.631 1.644 1.656 1.669 1.681 1.693 1.704 1.715 1.727 1.738 1.748 1.759 1.770 1.780 1.791 1.801 1.811 1.821

S (1.469) 1.480 1.510 1.532 1.551 1.568 1.584 1.599 1.613 1.627 1.640 1.653 1.665 1.677 1.689 1.701 1.712 1.723 1.734 1.745 1.756 1.767 1.777 1.787 1.798 1.808 1.818

V (0.0032) 0.0039 0.0043 0.0047 0.0050 0.0052 0.0055 0.0057 0.0059 0.0061 0.0063 0.0065 0.0067 0.0069 0.0070 0.0072 0.0074 0.0075 0.0077 0.0078 0.0080 0.0081 0.0083 0.0084 0.0086 0.0087

3600 (75.27°C) H (353.0) 366.0 374.7 381.9 388.4 394.4 400.1 405.6 410.9 416.1 421.2 426.2 431.2 436.1 441.0 445.8 450.7 455.4 460.2 465.0 469.7 474.5 479.2 483.9 488.7 493.4

S (1.464) 1.500 1.525 1.545 1.563 1.579 1.594 1.609 1.622 1.636 1.649 1.661 1.673 1.685 1.697 1.709 1.720 1.731 1.742 1.753 1.764 1.774 1.785 1.795 1.805 1.815

Temp °C S (1.457) 1.490 1.517 1.539 1.557 1.574 1.590 1.604 1.618 1.632 1.645 1.658 1.670 1.682 1.694 1.705 1.717 1.728 1.739 1.750 1.761 1.771 1.782 1.792 1.802 1.812

75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200







80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200

V (0.0027) 0.0032 0.0038 0.0042 0.0045 0.0048 0.0050 0.0053 0.0055 0.0057 0.0059 0.0061 0.0062 0.0064 0.0066 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0072 0.0074 0.0075 0.0076 0.0078 0.0079 0.0081 0.0082

3800 (77.97°C) H (347.9) 357.9 369.7 378.0 385.1 391.6 397.6 403.3 408.8 414.2 419.4 424.5 429.6 434.6 439.5 444.5 449.3 454.2 459.0 463.8 468.6 473.4 478.2 482.9 487.7 492.5

S (1.447) 1.476 1.509 1.532 1.551 1.569 1.585 1.600 1.614 1.628 1.641 1.654 1.666 1.679 1.690 1.702 1.714 1.725 1.736 1.747 1.758 1.768 1.779 1.789 1.799 1.809

V ()

() H ()

S ()

V ()

() H ()

S ()

V ()

() H ()

Temp °C S ()


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Pacific










d

Suva

®

Only by DuPont


T-HP81—SI D

U

P

O

N

T

SUVA

R E F R I G E R A N T S



Thermodynamic Properties of 

SUVA HP81 Refrigerant

[R-402B (38/2/60)]

f

Thermodynamic Properties of SUVA HP81 Refrigerant SI Units

New tables of the thermodynamic properties of SUVA® HP81 refrigerant [ASHRAE designation: R-402B (38/2/ 60)], a near azeotropic blend of HFC-125/HC-290/HCFC22, have been developed and are presented here. These tables are based on extensive experimental measurements. Equations have been developed, based on the PengRobinson-Stryjek-Vera (PRSV) equation of state, which represent the data with accuracy and consistency throughout the entire range of temperature, pressure, and density presented in these tables.

Reference point for enthalpy and entropy: hf = 200 kJ/kg at 0°C sf = 1 kJ/kg • K at 0°C

Equations The Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera (PRSV) equation of state was used to calculate the tables of thermodynamic properties. It was chosen as the preferred equation of state because it provided an accurate fit of the thermodynamic data over the entire range of temperatures and pressures presented in these tables.

Physical Properties Chemical Formula Molecular Weight Boiling Point at One Atmosphere Critical Temperature, Tc Critical Pressure, Pc Critical Density, Dc Critical Volume, Vc

The constants for the PRSV equation of state were calculated in SI units. For conversion of thermodynamic properties to Engineering (I/P) units, conversion factors are provided for each property derived from the PRSV equation of state.

CHF2CF3/CH3CH2CH3/CHClF2 (38/2/60% by weight) 94.71 –47.14°C 82.61°C 355.76 K 4445.4 kPa (abs) 530.7 kg/m3 0.00188 m3/kg

(–52.83°F) (180.70°F) (640.37°R) (644.8 psia) (33.13 lb/ft3) (0.0302 ft3/lb)

1. Equation of State (PRSV) P = RT/(V–b) – a/(V2 + 2bV – b2) where P is in kPa, T is in K, V is in m3/mole, and R = 0.008314 kJ/(mole) (K). The constants a and b are calculated as follows: 3

3

3

a = ∑ ∑ xi xj aij

b = ∑ xi bi

i=1 j=1

Units and Factors

i=1

where

t = temperature in °C T = temperature in K = °C + 273.15 pf = pressure of saturated liquid (bubble point) in kPa (abs) pg = pressure of saturated vapor (dew point) in kPa (abs) vf = volume of saturated liquid in m3/kg vg = volume of saturated vapor in m3/kg V = volume of superheated vapor in m3/kg df = 1/vf = density of saturated liquid in kg/m3 dg = 1/vg = density of saturated vapor in kg/m3 hf = enthalpy of saturated liquid in kJ/kg hfg = enthalpy of vaporization in kJ/kg hg = enthalpy of saturated vapor in kJ/kg H = enthalpy of superheated vapor in kJ/kg sf = entropy of saturated liquid in kJ/(kg) (K) sg = entropy of saturated vapor in kJ/(kg) (K) S = entropy of superheated vapor in kJ/(kg) (K) Cp = heat capacity at constant pressure in kJ/(kg) (K) Cv = heat capacity at constant volume in kJ/(kg) (K)

aij = (ai aj)0.5 (1 – kij)

bi = 0.077796 RTci/Pci

xi = mole fraction of component i xj = mole fraction of component j ai = (0.457235 R2 Tci2/Pci) αi aj = (0.457235 R2 Tcj2/Pcj) αj kij = binary interaction parameter for components i and j αi = [1 + κi (1 – Tri0.5)]2 κi = κ0i + κ1i [(1 + Tri0.5) (0.7 – Tri)] (Note: κi = κ0i for Tr > 0.7) κ0i = 0.378893 + 1.4897153ωi – 0.17131848ωi2 + 0.0196554ωi3 κ1i = adjustable parameter for component i Tri = Ti/Tci for component i

The gas constant, R = 8.314 J/(mole) (K) for SUVA® HP81, R = 0.0878 kJ/(kg) (K) One atmosphere = 101.325 kPa

1

Values for R, Tci, Pci, ωi, κ1i, xi, and kij are needed to calculate constants a and b. R = 0.008314 kJ/(mole) (K). The remaining constants for SUVA® HP81 are summarized below:

Conversion Factors (SI units to I/P units): P (psia) = P (kPa) • 0.14504 T (°F) = (T[°C] • 1.8) + 32 3 = D (kg/m3) • 0.062428 D (lb/ft ) 3 = V (m3/kg) • 16.018 V (ft /lb) H (Btu/lb) = [H (kJ/kg) – H (ref)] • 0.43021 S (Btu/lb • °R) = [S (kJ/kg • K) – S (ref)] • 0.23901 Cp (Btu/lb • °F) = Cp (kJ/kg • K) • 0.23901 Cv (Btu/lb • °F) = Cv (kJ/kg • K) • 0.23901

Component Tci Pci ωi κ1i xi HFC-125 (i = 1) 339.19 3595.0 0.3010 0.0390 0.29986 HC-290 (i = 2) 369.90 4257.0 0.1520 0.0320 0.04296 HCFC-22 (i = 3) 369.16 4977.0 0.2214 0.0360 0.65718 The binary interaction parameters, kij, for SUVA® HP81 are: k12 = 0.1478 k13 = 0.0158 k11 = 0.0000 k22 = 0.0000 k23 = 0.0839 k21 = 0.1478 k32 = 0.0839 k33 = 0.0000 k31 = 0.0158

2. Vapor Pressure logn P = A + B/T + C logn T + D T2 For SI units T is in K and P is in kPa (abs)

Ideal Gas Heat Capacity Equation (at constant pressure): 3 O O Cp (mixture) = ∑ xi Cpi

A, B, C and D are constants. Constants for vapor pressure of saturated liquid (bubble point), pf:

i=1

Cpi = 4.184 (Ai + Bi T + Ci T2 + Di T3 + Ei T4 + Fi T5) O

O

A =

O

where Cp and Cpi are in J/(mole) (K) and T is in K. xi is the mole fraction of component i in the mixture (use same values listed in PRSV constants for SUVA® HP81). Ai, Bi, Ci, Di, Ei, and Fi are constants: B1 = 0.216411 E–01 A1 = 1.170140 E+01 B2 = 0.731500 E–01 A2 = –1.009000 E+00 B3 = 0.173407 E–01 A3 = 6.164370 E+00 C1 = 0.868526 E–04 C2 = –0.378900 E–04 C3 = 0.557618 E–04

D1 = –0.112776 E–06 D2 = 0.767800 E–08 D3 = –0.140596 E–06

E1 = E2 = E3 =

F1 = 0.000000 E+00 F2 = 0.000000 E+00 F3 = –0.368814 E–13

0.000000 E+00 0.000000 E+00 0.120557 E–09

5.11244 E+01

C = –5.85217 E+00

B = –3.47027 E+03

D = 1.11710 E–05

Constants for vapor pressure of saturated vapor (dew point), pg: A =

6.67012 E+01

C = –8.32834 E+00

B = –4.03132 E+03

D = 1.54397 E–05

For I/P units T is in °R and P is in psia A, B, C and D are constants. Constants for vapor pressure of saturated liquid (bubble point), pf: A =

Properties calculated in SI units from the equations and constants listed above can be converted to I/P units using the conversion factors shown below. Please note that in converting enthalpy and entropy from SI to I/P units, a change in reference states must be included (from H = 200 and S = 1 at 0°C for SI units to H = 0 and S = 0 at –40°F for I/P units). In the conversion equations below, H (ref) and S (ref) are the saturated liquid enthalpy and entropy at –40°C. For SUVA® HP81: H (ref) = 151.4 kJ/kg and S (ref) = 0.8092 kJ/kg • K.

5.26337 E+01

C = –5.85217 E+00

B = –6.24656 E+03

D = 0.34475 E–05


2

6.96658 E+01

C = –8.32834 E+00

B = –7.25639 E+03

D = 0.47653 E–05

df and Dc are in kg/m3 in SI units and lb/ft3 in I/P units; T and Tc are in K in SI units and °R in I/P units; a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, and t0 are constants:

3. Density of the Saturated Liquid df/Dc = a0 + a1 z + a2 z2 + a3 z3 + a4 z4 where z = (1 – T/Tc)1/3 – t0 Because both density and temperature appear in the reduced form in the equation, the same constants can be used for either SI or I/P units.

3

a0 = 2.338105

a3 = –3.296387

a1 = 2.891266

a4 = –8.152344

a2 = 2.094202

t0 =

0.6032181

TABLE 1 (continued) SUVA HP81 Saturation Properties—Temperature Table 

TEMP. °C

PRESSURE kPa LIQUID pf

VAPOR pg

VOLUME m3/kg LIQUID VAPOR vf vg

DENSITY kg/m3 LIQUID VAPOR 1/vf 1/vg

LIQUID hf

ENTHALPY kJ/kg LATENT hfg

VAPOR hg

ENTROPY kJ/(kg)(K) VAPOR LIQUID sg sf

TEMP. °C

–100 –99 –98 –97 –96

3.6 3.9 4.2 4.6 5.0

2.6 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.7

0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

5.7904 5.3191 4.8924 4.5045 4.1511

1567.39 1564.99 1562.58 1560.17 1557.73

0.173 0.188 0.204 0.222 0.241

88.3 89.3 90.3 91.3 92.3

235.5 235.0 234.6 234.1 233.7

323.8 324.3 324.9 325.4 326.0

0.4977 0.5034 0.5091 0.5148 0.5204

1.8667 1.8619 1.8572 1.8526 1.8480

–100 –99 –98 –97 –96

–95 –94 –93 –92 –91

5.4 5.8 6.3 6.8 7.3

4.1 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.7

0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

3.8300 3.5373 3.2712 3.0276 2.8050

1555.29 1552.83 1550.36 1547.87 1545.38

0.261 0.283 0.306 0.330 0.357

93.3 94.3 95.3 96.3 97.3

233.2 232.8 232.3 231.9 231.4

326.5 327.1 327.6 328.2 328.7

0.5260 0.5316 0.5372 0.5427 0.5483

1.8436 1.8392 1.8349 1.8308 1.8266

–95 –94 –93 –92 –91

–90 –89 –88 –87 –86

7.9 8.5 9.2 9.8 10.6

6.2 6.7 7.2 7.8 8.4

0.0006 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

2.6021 2.4155 2.2447 2.0877 1.9436

1542.87 1540.34 1537.81 1535.26 1532.70

0.384 0.414 0.446 0.479 0.515

98.3 99.3 100.3 101.3 102.3

231.0 230.5 230.0 229.6 229.1

329.3 329.8 330.4 330.9 331.5

0.5538 0.5593 0.5647 0.5702 0.5756

1.8226 1.8187 1.8148 1.8110 1.8073

–90 –89 –88 –87 –86

–85 –84 –83 –82 –81

11.4 12.2 13.1 14.0 15.0

9.1 9.8 10.5 11.3 12.2

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

1.8109 1.6892 1.5768 1.4730 1.3774

1530.12 1527.53 1524.93 1522.31 1519.69

0.552 0.592 0.634 0.679 0.726

103.4 104.4 105.4 106.4 107.4

228.7 228.2 227.7 227.3 226.8

332.0 332.6 333.1 333.7 334.3

0.5810 0.5864 0.5918 0.5972 0.6025

1.8036 1.8000 1.7965 1.7931 1.7897

–85 –84 –83 –82 –81

–80 –79 –78 –77 –76

16.0 17.1 18.3 19.5 20.8

13.1 14.0 15.0 16.1 17.2

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

1.2890 1.2073 1.1316 1.0615 0.9965

1517.04 1514.39 1511.72 1509.04 1506.34

0.776 0.828 0.884 0.942 1.004

108.5 109.5 110.5 111.6 112.6

226.3 225.9 225.4 224.9 224.5

334.8 335.4 335.9 336.5 337.1

0.6078 0.6131 0.6184 0.6237 0.6290

1.7864 1.7832 1.7800 1.7769 1.7738

–80 –79 –78 –77 –76

–75 –74 –73 –72 –71

22.1 23.6 25.1 26.7 28.3

18.4 19.7 21.0 22.4 23.9

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.9362 0.8802 0.8282 0.7797 0.7346

1503.64 1500.91 1498.18 1495.43 1492.67

1.068 1.136 1.208 1.283 1.361

113.6 114.7 115.7 116.8 117.8

224.0 223.5 223.0 222.6 222.1

337.6 338.2 338.7 339.3 339.9

0.6342 0.6394 0.6446 0.6498 0.6550

1.7708 1.7679 1.7650 1.7622 1.7594

–75 –74 –73 –72 –71

–70 –69 –68 –67 –66

30.1 31.9 33.9 35.9 38.0

25.5 27.1 28.8 30.7 32.6

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.6927 0.6536 0.6170 0.5829 0.5511

1489.89 1487.10 1484.30 1481.48 1478.65

1.444 1.530 1.621 1.716 1.815

118.8 119.9 120.9 122.0 123.1

221.6 221.1 220.6 220.1 219.6

340.4 341.0 341.6 342.1 342.7

0.6602 0.6653 0.6704 0.6756 0.6807

1.7567 1.7540 1.7514 1.7488 1.7463

–70 –69 –68 –67 –66

–65 –64 –63 –62 –61

40.2 42.6 45.0 47.6 50.2

34.6 36.7 38.9 41.2 43.6

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.5212 0.4934 0.4673 0.4428 0.4199

1475.80 1472.95 1470.07 1467.19 1464.29

1.919 2.027 2.140 2.258 2.382

124.1 125.2 126.2 127.3 128.4

219.1 218.6 218.1 217.6 217.1

343.3 343.8 344.4 344.9 345.5

0.6858 0.6908 0.6959 0.7009 0.7060

1.7439 1.7415 1.7391 1.7368 1.7345

–65 –64 –63 –62 –61

–60 –59 –58 –57 –56

53.0 55.9 59.0 62.1 65.4

46.2 48.8 51.6 54.5 57.5

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.3984 0.3782 0.3592 0.3414 0.3246

1461.37 1458.44 1455.50 1452.54 1449.57

2.510 2.644 2.784 2.929 3.081

129.4 130.5 131.6 132.7 133.8

216.6 216.1 215.6 215.1 214.6

346.1 346.6 347.2 347.8 348.3

0.7110 0.7160 0.7210 0.7260 0.7310

1.7323 1.7301 1.7279 1.7258 1.7238

–60 –59 –58 –57 –56

–55 –54 –53 –52 –51

68.9 72.5 76.2 80.1 84.1

60.7 64.0 67.5 71.1 74.8

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.3088 0.2939 0.2799 0.2667 0.2543

1446.59 1443.59 1440.57 1437.55 1434.50

3.238 3.402 3.572 3.749 3.933

134.8 135.9 137.0 138.1 139.2

214.1 213.5 213.0 212.5 211.9

348.9 349.5 350.0 350.6 351.1

0.7360 0.7409 0.7459 0.7508 0.7557

1.7217 1.7198 1.7178 1.7159 1.7140

–55 –54 –53 –52 –51

–50 –49 –48 –47 –46

88.3 92.7 97.3 102.0 106.9

78.7 82.8 87.0 91.4 95.9

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.2425 0.2314 0.2209 0.2110 0.2016

1431.45 1428.38 1425.29 1422.19 1419.08

4.124 4.322 4.527 4.740 4.961

140.3 141.4 142.5 143.6 144.7

211.4 210.9 210.3 209.8 209.2

351.7 352.3 352.8 353.4 353.9

0.7606 0.7655 0.7704 0.7753 0.7802

1.7122 1.7104 1.7086 1.7069 1.7052

–50 –49 –48 –47 –46

–45 –44 –43 –42 –41

111.9 117.2 122.7 128.3 134.2

100.7 105.6 110.7 116.1 121.6

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.1927 0.1843 0.1763 0.1687 0.1616

1415.95 1412.80 1409.64 1406.47 1403.28

5.190 5.427 5.672 5.926 6.189

145.8 146.9 148.0 149.2 150.3

208.7 208.1 207.5 207.0 206.4

354.5 355.0 355.6 356.1 356.7

0.7850 0.7899 0.7947 0.7996 0.8044

1.7035 1.7019 1.7003 1.6987 1.6972

–45 –44 –43 –42 –41

4

TABLE 1 (continued) SUVA HP81 Saturation Properties—Temperature Table TEMP. °C

PRESSURE kPa



LIQUID hf


VAPOR hg


TEMP. °C

LIQUID pf

VAPOR pg

–40 –39 –38 –37 –36

140.3 146.6 153.1 159.8 166.7

127.3 133.2 139.3 145.7 152.3

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.1548 0.1483 0.1422 0.1364 0.1308

1400.08 1396.86 1393.63 1390.38 1387.11

6.461 6.742 7.032 7.333 7.643

151.4 152.5 153.7 154.8 155.9

205.8 205.3 204.7 204.1 203.5

357.2 357.8 358.3 358.9 359.4

0.8092 0.8140 0.8188 0.8236 0.8284

1.6957 1.6942 1.6927 1.6913 1.6899

–40 –39 –38 –37 –36

–35 –34 –33 –32 –31

173.9 181.3 189.0 196.9 205.0

159.1 166.1 173.4 180.9 188.7

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.1256 0.1206 0.1158 0.1113 0.1070

1383.84 1380.54 1377.23 1373.91 1370.57

7.963 8.293 8.634 8.986 9.349

157.6 158.7 159.9 161.0 162.2

202.4 201.8 201.2 200.6 200.0

360.0 360.5 361.1 361.6 362.2

0.8354 0.8401 0.8448 0.8495 0.8542

1.6885 1.6872 1.6859 1.6846 1.6833

–35 –34 –33 –32 –31

–30 –29 –28 –27 –26

213.5 222.1 231.1 240.3 249.8

196.7 205.0 213.5 222.4 231.5

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.1028 0.0989 0.0952 0.0916 0.0882

1367.21 1363.84 1360.45 1357.05 1353.63

9.723 10.109 10.507 10.917 11.340

163.3 164.4 165.6 166.7 167.9

199.4 198.8 198.2 197.6 196.9

362.7 363.2 363.8 364.3 364.8

0.8589 0.8636 0.8682 0.8729 0.8776

1.6820 1.6808 1.6796 1.6784 1.6773

–30 –29 –28 –27 –26

–25 –24 –23 –22 –21

259.6 269.7 280.1 290.9 301.9

240.9 250.6 260.5 270.8 281.4

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.0849 0.0818 0.0788 0.0760 0.0733

1350.20 1346.75 1343.28 1339.80 1336.31

11.775 12.224 12.685 13.161 13.650

169.1 170.2 171.4 172.6 173.7

196.3 195.7 195.0 194.4 193.7

365.4 365.9 366.4 366.9 367.5

0.8822 0.8869 0.8915 0.8961 0.9008

1.6761 1.6750 1.6739 1.6728 1.6717

–25 –24 –23 –22 –21

–20 –19 –18 –17 –16

313.2 324.9 336.9 349.2 361.9

292.3 303.6 315.1 327.0 339.3

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0707 0.0682 0.0658 0.0635 0.0613

1332.79 1329.26 1325.71 1322.15 1318.57

14.154 14.672 15.205 15.754 16.318

174.9 176.1 177.3 178.5 179.7

193.1 192.4 191.7 191.0 190.4

368.0 368.5 369.0 369.5 370.0

0.9054 0.9100 0.9147 0.9193 0.9239

1.6706 1.6696 1.6686 1.6676 1.6666

–20 –19 –18 –17 –16

–15 –14 –13 –12 –11

374.9 388.2 401.9 415.9 430.4

351.8 364.7 377.9 391.5 405.5

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0592 0.0572 0.0552 0.0534 0.0516

1314.98 1311.36 1307.73 1304.09 1300.42

16.898 17.491 18.100 18.726 19.369

180.9 183.1 184.2 185.4 186.6

189.7 188.0 187.3 186.6 185.9

370.5 371.0 371.6 372.0 372.5

0.9285 0.9370 0.9415 0.9460 0.9505

1.6656 1.6647 1.6638 1.6629 1.6620

–15 –14 –13 –12 –11

–10 –9 –8 –7 –6

445.1 460.3 475.9 491.8 508.2

419.8 434.5 449.6 465.1 481.0

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0499 0.0483 0.0467 0.0452 0.0438

1296.74 1293.05 1289.33 1285.60 1281.85

20.030 20.708 21.405 22.121 22.857

187.8 189.0 190.2 191.4 192.6

185.2 184.5 183.8 183.1 182.4

373.0 373.5 374.0 374.5 375.0

0.9550 0.9595 0.9640 0.9685 0.9730

1.6611 1.6602 1.6594 1.6585 1.6576

–10 –9 –8 –7 –6

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1

525.0 542.2 559.8 577.9 596.4

497.3 514.0 531.2 548.8 566.8

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0424 0.0410 0.0397 0.0385 0.0373

1278.08 1274.30 1270.49 1266.67 1262.83

23.612 24.387 25.183 26.000 26.838

193.8 195.1 196.3 197.5 198.8

181.6 180.9 180.1 179.4 178.6

375.5 375.9 376.4 376.9 377.3

0.9775 0.9820 0.9865 0.9910 0.9955

1.6568 1.6560 1.6552 1.6544 1.6535

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1

0 1 2 3 4

615.3 634.7 654.5 674.9 695.6

585.2 604.2 623.5 643.4 663.7

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0361 0.0350 0.0339 0.0329 0.0319

1258.98 1255.10 1251.21 1247.29 1243.36

27.699 28.582 29.489 30.419 31.374

200.0 201.2 202.5 203.8 205.0

177.8 177.0 176.2 175.4 174.6

377.8 378.3 378.7 379.2 379.6

1.0000 1.0045 1.0090 1.0135 1.0180

1.6528 1.6520 1.6512 1.6504 1.6496

0 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9

716.9 738.7 760.9 783.7 806.9

684.5 705.7 727.5 749.8 772.6

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0309 0.0300 0.0291 0.0282 0.0274

1239.41 1235.44 1231.45 1227.45 1223.42

32.353 33.358 34.389 35.447 36.533

206.3 207.6 208.8 210.1 211.4

173.8 172.9 172.1 171.2 170.3

380.0 380.5 380.9 381.3 381.8

1.0225 1.0270 1.0315 1.0360 1.0405

1.6489 1.6481 1.6473 1.6466 1.6458

5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14

830.7 855.0 879.8 905.2 931.1

795.9 819.7 844.1 869.0 894.4

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0266 0.0258 0.0250 0.0243 0.0236

1219.37 1215.30 1211.21 1207.11 1202.98

37.646 38.788 39.960 41.162 42.396

212.7 214.0 215.3 216.6 218.0

169.5 168.6 167.7 166.8 165.8

382.2 382.6 383.0 383.4 383.8

1.0450 1.0495 1.0541 1.0586 1.0631

1.6451 1.6443 1.6436 1.6429 1.6421

10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19

957.5 984.6 1012.2 1040.3 1069.1

920.4 947.0 974.1 1001.9 1030.2

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0229 0.0222 0.0216 0.0210 0.0204

1198.83 1194.66 1190.46 1186.25 1182.01

43.661 44.959 46.290 47.657 49.058

219.3 220.6 222.0 223.3 224.7

164.9 163.9 163.0 162.0 161.0

384.2 384.6 384.9 385.3 385.7

1.0677 1.0722 1.0768 1.0813 1.0859

1.6414 1.6406 1.6399 1.6391 1.6384

15 16 17 18 19

5


TEMP. °C

PRESSURE kPa



LIQUID hf


VAPOR hg


TEMP. °C

LIQUID pf

VAPOR pg

20 21 22 23 24

1098.4 1128.4 1158.9 1190.1 1221.9

1059.1 1088.6 1118.7 1149.4 1180.8

0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

0.0198 0.0192 0.0187 0.0182 0.0177

1177.75 1173.47 1169.17 1164.84 1160.49

50.496 51.972 53.486 55.040 56.635

226.0 227.4 228.8 230.2 231.6

160.0 159.0 158.0 156.9 155.9

386.0 386.4 386.7 387.1 387.4

1.0905 1.0950 1.0996 1.1042 1.1088

1.6376 1.6369 1.6361 1.6354 1.6346

20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29

1254.3 1287.3 1321.0 1355.4 1390.4

1212.8 1245.5 1278.8 1312.7 1347.3

0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

0.0172 0.0167 0.0162 0.0158 0.0153

1156.11 1151.71 1147.29 1142.84 1138.36

58.271 59.951 61.676 63.446 65.264

233.0 234.4 235.8 237.2 238.6

154.8 153.7 152.6 151.5 150.3

387.7 388.1 388.4 388.7 389.0

1.1134 1.1181 1.1227 1.1273 1.1320

1.6338 1.6331 1.6323 1.6315 1.6307

25 26 27 28 29

30 31 32 33 34

1426.1 1462.4 1499.5 1537.2 1575.7

1382.7 1418.7 1455.3 1492.7 1530.8

0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

0.0149 0.0145 0.0141 0.0137 0.0133

1133.86 1129.33 1124.78 1120.20 1115.58

67.130 69.047 71.017 73.039 75.118

240.1 241.5 243.0 244.5 246.0

149.2 148.0 146.8 145.6 144.4

389.3 389.6 389.8 390.1 390.3

1.1367 1.1414 1.1461 1.1508 1.1555

1.6299 1.6291 1.6282 1.6274 1.6265

30 31 32 33 34

35 36 37 38 39

1614.8 1654.7 1695.3 1736.6 1778.7

1569.7 1609.2 1649.5 1690.6 1732.4

0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

0.0129 0.0126 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116

1110.94 1106.27 1101.57 1096.83 1092.07

77.254 79.450 81.707 84.028 86.416

247.5 249.0 250.5 252.0 253.5

143.1 141.9 140.6 139.2 137.9

390.6 390.8 391.0 391.3 391.5

1.1602 1.1650 1.1698 1.1745 1.1794

1.6257 1.6248 1.6239 1.6230 1.6221

35 36 37 38 39

40 41 42 43 44

1821.6 1865.2 1909.5 1954.7 2000.6

1775.0 1818.3 1862.5 1907.4 1953.2

0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

0.0113 0.0109 0.0106 0.0103 0.0101

1087.27 1082.43 1077.56 1072.65 1067.71

88.872 91.400 94.001 96.680 99.440

255.1 256.7 258.2 259.8 261.4

136.5 135.2 133.8 132.3 130.9

391.6 391.8 392.0 392.1 392.3

1.1842 1.1890 1.1939 1.1988 1.2037

1.6211 1.6201 1.6192 1.6182 1.6171

40 41 42 43 44

45 46 47 48 49

2047.4 2094.9 2143.3 2192.4 2242.4

1999.7 2047.1 2095.3 2144.4 2194.3

0.0009 0.0009 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

0.0098 0.0095 0.0092 0.0090 0.0087

1062.72 1057.70 1052.63 1047.51 1042.35

102.283 105.213 108.235 111.352 114.569

263.1 264.7 266.3 268.0 269.7

129.4 127.8 126.3 124.7 123.1

392.4 392.5 392.6 392.7 392.8

1.2087 1.2137 1.2187 1.2237 1.2288

1.6161 1.6150 1.6139 1.6128 1.6116

45 46 47 48 49

50 51 52 53 54

2293.3 2345.0 2397.6 2451.0 2505.3

2245.1 2296.8 2349.3 2402.7 2457.1

0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

0.0085 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0076

1037.14 1031.88 1026.57 1021.19 1015.76

117.891 121.322 124.868 128.536 132.331

271.4 273.1 274.8 276.6 278.4

121.5 119.8 118.1 116.3 114.5

392.8 392.9 392.9 392.9 392.9

1.2339 1.2390 1.2442 1.2494 1.2547

1.6104 1.6092 1.6079 1.6066 1.6053

50 51 52 53 54

55 56 57 58 59

2560.5 2616.6 2673.5 2731.4 2790.3

2512.4 2568.6 2625.7 2683.8 2742.8

0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0067 0.0065

1010.26 1004.70 999.06 993.34 987.54

136.261 140.334 144.558 148.943 153.498

280.2 282.0 283.8 285.7 287.6

112.7 110.8 108.8 106.8 104.8

392.8 392.7 392.7 392.5 392.4

1.2600 1.2653 1.2707 1.2762 1.2817

1.6039 1.6024 1.6009 1.5994 1.5978

55 56 57 58 59

60 61 62 63 64

2850.0 2910.7 2972.3 3034.9 3098.5

2802.9 2863.9 2925.9 2988.9 3052.9

0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

0.0063 0.0061 0.0059 0.0058 0.0056

981.65 975.65 969.55 963.33 956.99

158.236 163.168 168.310 173.677 179.287

289.5 291.5 293.5 295.5 297.5

102.7 100.6 98.3 96.1 93.7

392.2 392.0 391.8 391.5 391.2

1.2873 1.2929 1.2987 1.3045 1.3104

1.5961 1.5944 1.5926 1.5907 1.5887

60 61 62 63 64

65 66 67 68 69

3163.0 3228.5 3295.0 3362.5 3431.0

3118.0 3184.2 3251.4 3319.6 3389.0

0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0047

950.49 943.84 937.00 929.96 922.68

185.161 191.323 197.799 204.622 211.829

299.6 301.8 304.0 306.2 308.5

91.3 88.7 86.1 83.4 80.5

390.9 390.5 390.1 389.6 389.0

1.3164 1.3224 1.3287 1.3350 1.3415

1.5866 1.5845 1.5822 1.5798 1.5772

65 66 67 68 69

70 71 72 73 74

3500.5 3571.0 3642.6 3715.1 3788.7

3459.5 3531.1 3603.8 3677.8 3752.9

0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

0.0046 0.0044 0.0042 0.0041 0.0039

915.12 907.25 899.01 890.31 881.05

219.465 227.583 236.250 245.549 255.585

310.9 313.3 315.8 318.4 321.2

77.6 74.5 71.2 67.7 64.1

388.4 387.8 387.0 386.2 385.2

1.3481 1.3549 1.3619 1.3692 1.3767

1.5745 1.5716 1.5685 1.5652 1.5615

70 71 72 73 74

6

TABLE 2 (continued) TABLE 2 SUVA HP81 Superheated Vapor—Constant Pressure Tables V = Volume in m3/kg


S = Entropy in kJ/(kg)(K)

(Saturation Properties in parentheses)

ABSOLUTE PRESSURE, kPa

TEMP. °C –70 –65 –60 –55 –50 –45 –40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

TEMP. °C –55 –50 –45 –40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

(–83.70°C)

(–73.76°C)

(–67.36°C)

(–62.52°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(1.6549)

(332.7)

(1.7990)

(0.8676)

(338.3)

(1.7672)

(0.5949)

(341.9)

(1.7498)

(0.4553)

(344.7)

(1.7380)

1.7760 1.8202 1.8644 1.9085 1.9527 1.9968 2.0409 2.0850 2.1291 2.1732 2.2172 2.2613 2.3054 2.3494 2.3934 2.4375 2.4815 2.5255 2.5696 2.6136 2.6576 2.7016 2.7456 2.7896 2.8336 2.8776 2.9216 2.9655 3.0095 3.0535 3.0975 — —

340.7 343.7 346.7 349.8 352.9 356.0 359.1 362.3 365.6 368.8 372.1 375.5 378.9 382.3 385.7 389.2 392.7 396.2 399.8 403.4 407.1 410.8 414.5 418.3 422.1 425.9 429.7 433.6 437.5 441.5 445.5 — —

1.8397 1.8542 1.8685 1.8826 1.8966 1.9105 1.9242 1.9377 1.9511 1.9644 1.9776 1.9907 2.0036 2.0164 2.0292 2.0418 2.0543 2.0667 2.0791 2.0913 2.1035 2.1155 2.1275 2.1394 2.1512 2.1629 2.1746 2.1862 2.1977 2.2091 2.2205 — —

0.8843 0.9066 0.9288 0.9510 0.9732 0.9953 1.0175 1.0397 1.0618 1.0839 1.1061 1.1282 1.1503 1.1724 1.1945 1.2166 1.2387 1.2607 1.2828 1.3049 1.3270 1.3490 1.3711 1.3931 1.4152 1.4372 1.4592 1.4813 1.5033 1.5254 1.5474 — —

340.5 343.5 346.5 349.6 352.7 355.8 359.0 362.2 365.4 368.7 372.0 375.3 378.7 382.1 385.6 389.1 392.6 396.1 399.7 403.3 407.0 410.7 414.4 418.2 422.0 425.8 429.6 433.5 437.5 441.4 445.4 — —

— 343.3 346.4 349.4 352.5 355.7 358.8 362.0 365.3 368.6 371.9 375.2 378.6 382.0 385.5 388.9 392.5 396.0 399.6 403.2 406.9 410.6 414.3 418.1 421.9 425.7 429.5 433.4 437.4 441.3 445.3 449.3 —

— 1.7566 1.7710 1.7852 1.7992 1.8131 1.8269 1.8405 1.8539 1.8673 1.8805 1.8936 1.9065 1.9194 1.9321 1.9448 1.9573 1.9698 1.9821 1.9944 2.0066 2.0186 2.0306 2.0425 2.0544 2.0661 2.0778 2.0894 2.1009 2.1124 2.1238 2.1351 —

— — 0.4609 0.4722 0.4834 0.4946 0.5058 0.5170 0.5282 0.5393 0.5505 0.5616 0.5728 0.5839 0.5950 0.6061 0.6172 0.6283 0.6394 0.6505 0.6616 0.6727 0.6838 0.6949 0.7060 0.7170 0.7281 0.7392 0.7502 0.7613 0.7723 0.7834 0.7944

— — 346.2 349.3 352.4 355.5 358.7 361.9 365.1 368.4 371.7 375.1 378.5 381.9 385.3 388.8 392.3 395.9 399.5 403.1 406.8 410.5 414.2 418.0 421.8 425.6 429.5 433.4 437.3 441.2 445.2 449.3 453.3

— — 1.7452 1.7594 1.7735 1.7874 1.8012 1.8148 1.8283 1.8416 1.8549 1.8680 1.8810 1.8938 1.9066 1.9193 1.9318 1.9443 1.9566 1.9689 1.9811 1.9932 2.0052 2.0171 2.0289 2.0407 2.0524 2.0640 2.0755 2.0869 2.0983 2.1097 2.1209

–70 –65 –60 –55 –50 –45 –40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

TEMP. °C

1.7782 1.7928 1.8071 1.8213 1.8353 1.8492 1.8629 1.8765 1.8899 1.9032 1.9164 1.9295 1.9424 1.9553 1.9680 1.9807 1.9932 2.0056 2.0180 2.0302 2.0424 2.0544 2.0664 2.0783 2.0902 2.1019 2.1136 2.1252 2.1367 2.1481 2.1595 — —

— 0.6020 0.6169 0.6318 0.6467 0.6615 0.6764 0.6912 0.7060 0.7209 0.7357 0.7505 0.7653 0.7801 0.7948 0.8096 0.8244 0.8391 0.8539 0.8687 0.8834 0.8982 0.9129 0.9276 0.9424 0.9571 0.9718 0.9865 1.0013 1.0160 1.0307 1.0454 —

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

(–58.57°C)

(–55.22°C)

(–52.29°C)

(–49.68°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.3699)

(346.9)

(1.7292)

(0.3122)

(348.8)

(1.7222)

(0.2705)

(350.4)

(1.7165)

(0.2388)

(351.9)

(1.7116)

0.3764 0.3854 0.3944 0.4034 0.4124 0.4214 0.4304 0.4393 0.4483 0.4572 0.4662 0.4751 0.4840 0.4929 0.5019 0.5108 0.5197 0.5286 0.5375 0.5463 0.5552 0.5641 0.5730 0.5819 0.5907 0.5996 0.6085 0.6173 0.6262 0.6350 0.6439 — —

349.1 352.2 355.3 358.5 361.7 365.0 368.3 371.6 374.9 378.3 381.7 385.2 388.7 392.2 395.8 399.4 403.0 406.7 410.4 414.1 417.9 421.7 425.5 429.4 433.3 437.2 441.2 445.1 449.2 453.2 457.3 — —

1.7393 1.7534 1.7674 1.7812 1.7948 1.8083 1.8217 1.8349 1.8480 1.8610 1.8739 1.8867 1.8994 1.9119 1.9244 1.9368 1.9491 1.9612 1.9733 1.9854 1.9973 2.0091 2.0209 2.0326 2.0442 2.0557 2.0672 2.0786 2.0899 2.1012 2.1123 — —

0.3125 0.3201 0.3277 0.3352 0.3427 0.3503 0.3578 0.3653 0.3727 0.3802 0.3877 0.3952 0.4026 0.4101 0.4175 0.4250 0.4324 0.4399 0.4473 0.4547 0.4621 0.4695 0.4770 0.4844 0.4918 0.4992 0.5066 0.5140 0.5214 0.5288 0.5362 — —

348.9 352.0 355.2 358.4 361.6 364.8 368.1 371.4 374.8 378.2 381.6 385.1 388.6 392.1 395.7 399.3 402.9 406.6 410.3 414.0 417.8 421.6 425.4 429.3 433.2 437.1 441.1 445.1 449.1 453.2 457.2 — —

— 351.8 355.0 358.2 361.4 364.7 368.0 371.3 374.7 378.1 381.5 385.0 388.5 392.0 395.6 399.2 402.8 406.5 410.2 413.9 417.7 421.5 425.3 429.2 433.1 437.0 441.0 445.0 449.0 453.1 457.2 461.3 —

— 1.7229 1.7369 1.7507 1.7644 1.7780 1.7914 1.8047 1.8178 1.8309 1.8438 1.8566 1.8693 1.8819 1.8944 1.9067 1.9190 1.9312 1.9434 1.9554 1.9673 1.9792 1.9910 2.0027 2.0143 2.0258 2.0373 2.0487 2.0601 2.0713 2.0825 2.0936 —

— — 0.2442 0.2499 0.2556 0.2613 0.2670 0.2726 0.2783 0.2840 0.2896 0.2952 0.3009 0.3065 0.3121 0.3177 0.3234 0.3290 0.3346 0.3402 0.3458 0.3513 0.3569 0.3625 0.3681 0.3737 0.3792 0.3848 0.3904 0.3959 0.4015 0.4070 0.4126

— — 354.8 358.0 361.3 364.5 367.8 371.2 374.5 377.9 381.4 384.8 388.3 391.9 395.4 399.0 402.7 406.4 410.1 413.8 417.6 421.4 425.2 429.1 433.0 436.9 440.9 444.9 448.9 453.0 457.1 461.2 465.4

— — 1.7247 1.7386 1.7523 1.7659 1.7793 1.7926 1.8058 1.8188 1.8317 1.8446 1.8573 1.8699 1.8824 1.8948 1.9071 1.9193 1.9314 1.9435 1.9554 1.9673 1.9791 1.9908 2.0024 2.0140 2.0254 2.0368 2.0482 2.0594 2.0706 2.0818 2.0928

1.7228 1.7369 1.7509 1.7647 1.7784 1.7919 1.8053 1.8186 1.8317 1.8447 1.8576 1.8704 1.8831 1.8957 1.9081 1.9205 1.9328 1.9450 1.9571 1.9691 1.9811 1.9929 2.0047 2.0164 2.0280 2.0396 2.0510 2.0624 2.0737 2.0850 2.0962 — —

— 0.2735 0.2800 0.2865 0.2929 0.2994 0.3059 0.3123 0.3188 0.3252 0.3317 0.3381 0.3445 0.3509 0.3573 0.3637 0.3701 0.3765 0.3829 0.3893 0.3956 0.4020 0.4084 0.4147 0.4211 0.4275 0.4338 0.4402 0.4465 0.4529 0.4592 0.4655 —

7

–55 –50 –45 –40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

TABLE 2 (continued) SUVA HP81 Superheated Vapor—Constant Pressure Tables V = Volume in m3/kg





TEMP. °C –45 –40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

TEMP. °C

–40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115

90.0

100.0

101.325

110.0

(–47.31°C)

(–45.14°C)

(–44.87°C)

(–43.14°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.2140)

(353.2)

(1.7074)

(0.1939)

(354.4)

(1.7038)

(0.1916)

(354.6)

(1.7033)

(0.1774)

(355.5)

(1.7005)

0.2163 0.2215 0.2265 0.2316 0.2367 0.2418 0.2468 0.2519 0.2569 0.2619 0.2670 0.2720 0.2770 0.2820 0.2870 0.2920 0.2970 0.3020 0.3070 0.3119 0.3169 0.3219 0.3269 0.3318 0.3368 0.3417 0.3467 0.3517 0.3566 0.3616 0.3665 —

354.7 357.9 361.1 364.4 367.7 371.0 374.4 377.8 381.2 384.7 388.2 391.7 395.3 398.9 402.6 406.2 410.0 413.7 417.5 421.3 425.1 429.0 432.9 436.8 440.8 444.8 448.8 452.9 457.0 461.1 465.3 —

1.7139 1.7278 1.7415 1.7551 1.7686 1.7819 1.7951 1.8081 1.8211 1.8339 1.8466 1.8592 1.8718 1.8842 1.8965 1.9087 1.9208 1.9329 1.9449 1.9567 1.9685 1.9802 1.9919 2.0034 2.0149 2.0263 2.0377 2.0490 2.0602 2.0713 2.0824 —

0.1941 0.1987 0.2033 0.2079 0.2125 0.2171 0.2216 0.2262 0.2307 0.2353 0.2398 0.2444 0.2489 0.2534 0.2579 0.2624 0.2669 0.2714 0.2759 0.2804 0.2849 0.2894 0.2939 0.2983 0.3028 0.3073 0.3118 0.3162 0.3207 0.3252 0.3296 —

354.5 357.7 360.9 364.2 367.5 370.9 374.2 377.7 381.1 384.6 388.1 391.6 395.2 398.8 402.5 406.1 409.8 413.6 417.4 421.2 425.0 428.9 432.8 436.7 440.7 444.7 448.8 452.8 456.9 461.1 465.2 —

— 357.7 360.9 364.2 367.5 370.8 374.2 377.6 381.1 384.6 388.1 391.6 395.2 398.8 402.4 406.1 409.8 413.6 417.4 421.2 425.0 428.9 432.8 436.7 440.7 444.7 448.8 452.8 456.9 461.0 465.2 469.4

— 1.7169 1.7307 1.7443 1.7577 1.7711 1.7843 1.7974 1.8103 1.8232 1.8359 1.8485 1.8611 1.8735 1.8858 1.8980 1.9102 1.9222 1.9342 1.9461 1.9579 1.9696 1.9813 1.9928 2.0043 2.0158 2.0271 2.0384 2.0496 2.0607 2.0718 2.0828

— 0.1801 0.1843 0.1885 0.1927 0.1969 0.2010 0.2052 0.2093 0.2135 0.2176 0.2218 0.2259 0.2300 0.2341 0.2382 0.2423 0.2464 0.2505 0.2546 0.2587 0.2628 0.2669 0.2710 0.2750 0.2791 0.2832 0.2872 0.2913 0.2954 0.2994 0.3035

— 357.5 360.8 364.1 367.4 370.7 374.1 377.5 381.0 384.4 388.0 391.5 395.1 398.7 402.3 406.0 409.7 413.5 417.3 421.1 424.9 428.8 432.7 436.7 440.6 444.6 448.7 452.7 456.8 461.0 465.1 469.3

— 1.7093 1.7231 1.7367 1.7502 1.7635 1.7768 1.7899 1.8028 1.8157 1.8284 1.8411 1.8536 1.8660 1.8784 1.8906 1.9028 1.9148 1.9268 1.9387 1.9505 1.9623 1.9739 1.9855 1.9970 2.0084 2.0198 2.0310 2.0422 2.0534 2.0645 2.0755

–45 –40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

TEMP. °C

1.7042 1.7181 1.7319 1.7455 1.7589 1.7723 1.7855 1.7986 1.8115 1.8244 1.8371 1.8497 1.8622 1.8747 1.8870 1.8992 1.9114 1.9234 1.9354 1.9473 1.9591 1.9708 1.9824 1.9940 2.0055 2.0169 2.0283 2.0396 2.0508 2.0619 2.0730 —

— 0.1960 0.2006 0.2051 0.2096 0.2142 0.2187 0.2232 0.2277 0.2322 0.2366 0.2411 0.2456 0.2500 0.2545 0.2589 0.2634 0.2678 0.2723 0.2767 0.2811 0.2856 0.2900 0.2944 0.2988 0.3032 0.3077 0.3121 0.3165 0.3209 0.3253 0.3297

120.0

130.0

140.0

150.0

(–41.28°C)

(–39.54°C)

(–37.89°C)

(–36.34°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.1636)

(356.5)

(1.6976)

(0.1518)

(357.5)

(1.6950)

(0.1416)

(358.4)

(1.6926)

(0.1327)

(359.3)

(1.6904)

0.1646 0.1684 0.1723 0.1762 0.1800 0.1838 0.1877 0.1915 0.1953 0.1991 0.2029 0.2067 0.2105 0.2143 0.2181 0.2218 0.2256 0.2294 0.2331 0.2369 0.2406 0.2444 0.2481 0.2519 0.2556 0.2594 0.2631 0.2668 0.2706 0.2743 0.2780 —

357.4 360.6 363.9 367.2 370.6 374.0 377.4 380.8 384.3 387.8 391.4 395.0 398.6 402.2 405.9 409.6 413.4 417.2 421.0 424.8 428.7 432.6 436.6 440.5 444.6 448.6 452.7 456.8 460.9 465.1 469.3 —

1.7012 1.7150 1.7287 1.7422 1.7555 1.7688 1.7819 1.7949 1.8078 1.8205 1.8332 1.8457 1.8582 1.8705 1.8828 1.8949 1.9070 1.9190 1.9309 1.9427 1.9544 1.9661 1.9777 1.9892 2.0006 2.0120 2.0232 2.0345 2.0456 2.0567 2.0677 —

— 0.1550 0.1586 0.1622 0.1658 0.1693 0.1729 0.1764 0.1799 0.1835 0.1870 0.1905 0.1940 0.1975 0.2010 0.2045 0.2080 0.2115 0.2149 0.2184 0.2219 0.2254 0.2288 0.2323 0.2357 0.2392 0.2427 0.2461 0.2496 0.2530 0.2564 0.2599

— 360.5 363.8 367.1 370.4 373.8 377.2 380.7 384.2 387.7 391.3 394.9 398.5 402.1 405.8 409.5 413.3 417.1 420.9 424.7 428.6 432.5 436.5 440.5 444.5 448.5 452.6 456.7 460.8 465.0 469.2 473.4

— 360.3 363.6 366.9 370.3 373.7 377.1 380.6 384.1 387.6 391.1 394.7 398.4 402.0 405.7 409.4 413.2 417.0 420.8 424.6 428.5 432.4 436.4 440.4 444.4 448.4 452.5 456.6 460.7 464.9 469.1 473.3

— 1.7006 1.7143 1.7278 1.7412 1.7545 1.7677 1.7807 1.7936 1.8064 1.8191 1.8316 1.8441 1.8565 1.8687 1.8809 1.8930 1.9050 1.9169 1.9288 1.9405 1.9522 1.9638 1.9753 1.9867 1.9981 2.0094 2.0206 2.0318 2.0429 2.0539 2.0649

— 0.1336 0.1367 0.1398 0.1429 0.1461 0.1492 0.1522 0.1553 0.1584 0.1615 0.1645 0.1676 0.1706 0.1737 0.1767 0.1798 0.1828 0.1858 0.1889 0.1919 0.1949 0.1979 0.2009 0.2039 0.2070 0.2100 0.2130 0.2160 0.2190 0.2219 0.2249

— 360.1 363.4 366.8 370.1 373.5 377.0 380.4 383.9 387.5 391.0 394.6 398.2 401.9 405.6 409.3 413.1 416.9 420.7 424.5 428.4 432.4 436.3 440.3 444.3 448.3 452.4 456.5 460.7 464.8 469.0 473.3

— 1.6941 1.7078 1.7214 1.7348 1.7481 1.7613 1.7743 1.7872 1.8000 1.8127 1.8253 1.8378 1.8502 1.8625 1.8746 1.8867 1.8988 1.9107 1.9225 1.9343 1.9459 1.9575 1.9691 1.9805 1.9919 2.0032 2.0144 2.0256 2.0367 2.0477 2.0587

— 1.7075 1.7212 1.7347 1.7481 1.7614 1.7745 1.7875 1.8004 1.8132 1.8259 1.8384 1.8509 1.8632 1.8755 1.8877 1.8997 1.9117 1.9236 1.9355 1.9472 1.9589 1.9705 1.9820 1.9934 2.0048 2.0161 2.0273 2.0384 2.0495 2.0605 2.0715

— 0.1435 0.1469 0.1502 0.1535 0.1569 0.1602 0.1635 0.1668 0.1700 0.1733 0.1766 0.1799 0.1831 0.1864 0.1896 0.1929 0.1961 0.1994 0.2026 0.2058 0.2090 0.2123 0.2155 0.2187 0.2219 0.2251 0.2283 0.2316 0.2348 0.2380 0.2412

8

–40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115






TEMP. °C –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

160.0

170.0

180.0

190.0

(–34.87°C)

(–33.46°C)

(–32.12°C)

(–30.83°C)

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.1249)

(360.1)

(1.6884)

(0.1180)

(360.8)

(1.6865)

(0.1118)

(361.6)

(1.6847)

(0.1063)

(362.2)

(1.6831)

0.1278 0.1307 0.1337 0.1366 0.1395 0.1424 0.1453 0.1482 0.1511 0.1540 0.1569 0.1597 0.1626 0.1655 0.1683 0.1712 0.1740 0.1769 0.1797 0.1825 0.1854 0.1882 0.1910 0.1939 0.1967 0.1995 0.2023 0.2051 0.2079 0.2107 0.2135

363.3 366.6 370.0 373.4 376.8 380.3 383.8 387.3 390.9 394.5 398.1 401.8 405.5 409.2 413.0 416.8 420.6 424.5 428.3 432.3 436.2 440.2 444.2 448.3 452.3 456.5 460.6 464.8 469.0 473.2 477.4

1.7017 1.7153 1.7288 1.7421 1.7553 1.7683 1.7813 1.7941 1.8068 1.8194 1.8319 1.8443 1.8566 1.8687 1.8809 1.8929 1.9048 1.9167 1.9284 1.9401 1.9517 1.9632 1.9747 1.9861 1.9974 2.0086 2.0198 2.0309 2.0419 2.0529 2.0638

0.1199 0.1227 0.1255 0.1283 0.1310 0.1338 0.1365 0.1392 0.1420 0.1447 0.1474 0.1501 0.1528 0.1555 0.1582 0.1609 0.1636 0.1663 0.1689 0.1716 0.1743 0.1770 0.1796 0.1823 0.1850 0.1876 0.1903 0.1929 0.1956 0.1982 0.2009

363.1 366.5 369.8 373.2 376.7 380.2 383.7 387.2 390.8 394.4 398.0 401.7 405.4 409.1 412.9 416.7 420.5 424.4 428.2 432.2 436.1 440.1 444.1 448.2 452.3 456.4 460.5 464.7 468.9 473.1 477.4

363.0 366.3 369.7 373.1 376.6 380.0 383.5 387.1 390.7 394.3 397.9 401.6 405.3 409.0 412.8 416.6 420.4 424.3 428.2 432.1 436.0 440.0 444.0 448.1 452.2 456.3 460.4 464.6 468.8 473.0 477.3

1.6906 1.7042 1.7177 1.7310 1.7443 1.7573 1.7703 1.7831 1.7959 1.8085 1.8210 1.8334 1.8457 1.8579 1.8701 1.8821 1.8941 1.9059 1.9177 1.9294 1.9410 1.9526 1.9640 1.9754 1.9867 1.9980 2.0092 2.0203 2.0313 2.0423 2.0532

0.1067 0.1092 0.1117 0.1142 0.1167 0.1192 0.1216 0.1241 0.1266 0.1290 0.1315 0.1339 0.1363 0.1388 0.1412 0.1436 0.1460 0.1484 0.1508 0.1532 0.1556 0.1580 0.1604 0.1628 0.1652 0.1676 0.1700 0.1724 0.1747 0.1771 0.1795

362.8 366.2 369.5 373.0 376.4 379.9 383.4 387.0 390.5 394.1 397.8 401.4 405.2 408.9 412.7 416.5 420.3 424.2 428.1 432.0 435.9 439.9 444.0 448.0 452.1 456.2 460.4 464.5 468.7 473.0 477.2

1.6854 1.6990 1.7125 1.7259 1.7392 1.7523 1.7652 1.7781 1.7908 1.8035 1.8160 1.8284 1.8407 1.8530 1.8651 1.8771 1.8891 1.9010 1.9128 1.9245 1.9361 1.9476 1.9591 1.9705 1.9818 1.9931 2.0043 2.0154 2.0264 2.0374 2.0483

–30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

TEMP. °C

200.0 TEMP. °C

–25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125

TEMP. °C

V

1.6960 1.7096 1.7231 1.7364 1.7496 1.7627 1.7756 1.7885 1.8012 1.8138 1.8263 1.8387 1.8510 1.8632 1.8753 1.8873 1.8993 1.9111 1.9229 1.9346 1.9462 1.9577 1.9692 1.9806 1.9919 2.0031 2.0143 2.0254 2.0365 2.0474 2.0583

0.1129 0.1156 0.1182 0.1208 0.1235 0.1261 0.1287 0.1313 0.1338 0.1364 0.1390 0.1416 0.1441 0.1467 0.1492 0.1518 0.1543 0.1569 0.1594 0.1619 0.1644 0.1670 0.1695 0.1720 0.1745 0.1770 0.1796 0.1821 0.1846 0.1871 0.1896

210.0

(–29.60°C)

220.0

(–28.41°C)

230.0

(–27.26°C)

(–26.16°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.1012)

(362.9)

(1.6816)

(0.0967)

(363.5)

(1.6801)

(0.0925)

(364.2)

(1.6787)

(0.0887)

(364.7)

(1.6774)

0.1035 0.1059 0.1082 0.1106 0.1130 0.1153 0.1177 0.1200 0.1224 0.1247 0.1270 0.1293 0.1316 0.1339 0.1363 0.1386 0.1408 0.1431 0.1454 0.1477 0.1500 0.1523 0.1545 0.1568 0.1591 0.1614 0.1636 0.1659 0.1681 0.1704 0.1727

366.0 369.4 372.8 376.3 379.8 383.3 386.8 390.4 394.0 397.7 401.3 405.0 408.8 412.6 416.4 420.2 424.1 428.0 431.9 435.9 439.9 443.9 447.9 452.0 456.1 460.3 464.5 468.7 472.9 477.2 481.5

1.6941 1.7077 1.7210 1.7343 1.7474 1.7604 1.7733 1.7861 1.7987 1.8112 1.8237 1.8360 1.8482 1.8604 1.8724 1.8844 1.8963 1.9081 1.9198 1.9314 1.9430 1.9544 1.9658 1.9772 1.9884 1.9996 2.0107 2.0218 2.0328 2.0437 2.0545

0.0983 0.1005 0.1028 0.1051 0.1074 0.1096 0.1119 0.1141 0.1163 0.1186 0.1208 0.1230 0.1252 0.1274 0.1296 0.1318 0.1340 0.1362 0.1384 0.1405 0.1427 0.1449 0.1471 0.1492 0.1514 0.1536 0.1557 0.1579 0.1600 0.1622 0.1643

365.8 369.2 372.7 376.1 379.6 383.1 386.7 390.3 393.9 397.5 401.2 404.9 408.7 412.5 416.3 420.1 424.0 427.9 431.8 435.8 439.8 443.8 447.8 451.9 456.1 460.2 464.4 468.6 472.8 477.1 481.4

365.7 369.1 372.5 376.0 379.5 383.0 386.6 390.2 393.8 397.4 401.1 404.8 408.6 412.3 416.2 420.0 423.9 427.8 431.7 435.7 439.7 443.7 447.8 451.9 456.0 460.1 464.3 468.5 472.8 477.0 481.3

1.6849 1.6985 1.7119 1.7253 1.7384 1.7514 1.7643 1.7771 1.7898 1.8023 1.8148 1.8271 1.8394 1.8516 1.8636 1.8756 1.8875 1.8993 1.9110 1.9227 1.9343 1.9457 1.9572 1.9685 1.9798 1.9910 2.0021 2.0132 2.0241 2.0351 2.0459

0.0892 0.0913 0.0934 0.0955 0.0976 0.0997 0.1017 0.1038 0.1058 0.1079 0.1099 0.1120 0.1140 0.1160 0.1180 0.1200 0.1221 0.1241 0.1261 0.1281 0.1301 0.1320 0.1340 0.1360 0.1380 0.1400 0.1420 0.1439 0.1459 0.1479 0.1499

365.5 368.9 372.4 375.9 379.4 382.9 386.4 390.0 393.7 397.3 401.0 404.7 408.5 412.2 416.1 419.9 423.8 427.7 431.6 435.6 439.6 443.6 447.7 451.8 455.9 460.0 464.2 468.4 472.7 477.0 481.2

1.6806 1.6942 1.7077 1.7210 1.7342 1.7472 1.7601 1.7729 1.7856 1.7982 1.8106 1.8230 1.8353 1.8474 1.8595 1.8715 1.8834 1.8952 1.9070 1.9186 1.9302 1.9417 1.9531 1.9644 1.9757 1.9869 1.9981 2.0091 2.0201 2.0310 2.0419

1.6894 1.7030 1.7164 1.7297 1.7428 1.7558 1.7687 1.7815 1.7941 1.8067 1.8191 1.8315 1.8437 1.8559 1.8679 1.8799 1.8918 1.9036 1.9153 1.9270 1.9385 1.9500 1.9614 1.9727 1.9840 1.9952 2.0063 2.0174 2.0284 2.0393 2.0501

0.0935 0.0957 0.0979 0.1001 0.1023 0.1044 0.1066 0.1087 0.1108 0.1130 0.1151 0.1172 0.1193 0.1214 0.1236 0.1257 0.1277 0.1298 0.1319 0.1340 0.1361 0.1382 0.1403 0.1423 0.1444 0.1465 0.1485 0.1506 0.1527 0.1547 0.1568

9

–25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125






TEMP. °C –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130

TEMP. °C

–20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

240.0

250.0

260.0

270.0

(–25.09°C)

(–24.06°C)

(–23.05°C)

(–22.08°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0852)

(365.3)

(1.6762)

(0.0820)

(365.9)

(1.6750)

(0.0790)

(366.4)

(1.6739)

(0.0762)

(366.9)

(1.6729)

0.0853 0.0873 0.0893 0.0913 0.0933 0.0953 0.0973 0.0993 0.1013 0.1032 0.1052 0.1071 0.1091 0.1110 0.1130 0.1149 0.1168 0.1188 0.1207 0.1226 0.1245 0.1264 0.1283 0.1302 0.1322 0.1341 0.1360 0.1379 0.1398 0.1416 0.1435 —

365.4 368.8 372.2 375.7 379.2 382.7 386.3 389.9 393.5 397.2 400.9 404.6 408.4 412.1 415.9 419.8 423.7 427.6 431.5 435.5 439.5 443.5 447.6 451.7 455.8 460.0 464.2 468.4 472.6 476.9 481.2 —

1.6765 1.6901 1.7035 1.7169 1.7301 1.7431 1.7561 1.7689 1.7816 1.7942 1.8066 1.8190 1.8313 1.8435 1.8556 1.8676 1.8795 1.8913 1.9030 1.9147 1.9263 1.9378 1.9492 1.9606 1.9718 1.9830 1.9942 2.0052 2.0163 2.0272 2.0381 —

— 0.0836 0.0855 0.0875 0.0894 0.0913 0.0932 0.0951 0.0970 0.0989 0.1008 0.1027 0.1046 0.1064 0.1083 0.1102 0.1120 0.1139 0.1157 0.1176 0.1194 0.1213 0.1231 0.1249 0.1268 0.1286 0.1304 0.1322 0.1341 0.1359 0.1377 0.1395

— 368.6 372.1 375.6 379.1 382.6 386.2 389.8 393.4 397.1 400.8 404.5 408.2 412.0 415.8 419.7 423.6 427.5 431.4 435.4 439.4 443.4 447.5 451.6 455.7 459.9 464.1 468.3 472.5 476.8 481.1 485.4

— 368.5 371.9 375.4 378.9 382.5 386.0 389.7 393.3 397.0 400.6 404.4 408.1 411.9 415.7 419.6 423.5 427.4 431.3 435.3 439.3 443.4 447.4 451.5 455.7 459.8 464.0 468.2 472.5 476.7 481.0 485.4

— 1.6823 1.6958 1.7092 1.7224 1.7355 1.7484 1.7613 1.7740 1.7866 1.7991 1.8115 1.8238 1.8360 1.8481 1.8601 1.8720 1.8839 1.8956 1.9073 1.9189 1.9304 1.9419 1.9532 1.9645 1.9757 1.9869 1.9980 2.0090 2.0199 2.0308 2.0416

— 0.0770 0.0788 0.0806 0.0824 0.0842 0.0860 0.0878 0.0895 0.0913 0.0931 0.0948 0.0965 0.0983 0.1000 0.1018 0.1035 0.1052 0.1069 0.1087 0.1104 0.1121 0.1138 0.1155 0.1172 0.1189 0.1206 0.1223 0.1240 0.1257 0.1274 0.1290

— 368.3 371.8 375.3 378.8 382.3 385.9 389.5 393.2 396.8 400.5 404.3 408.0 411.8 415.6 419.5 423.4 427.3 431.2 435.2 439.2 443.3 447.3 451.4 455.6 459.7 463.9 468.1 472.4 476.7 481.0 485.3

— 1.6785 1.6921 1.7055 1.7187 1.7318 1.7448 1.7577 1.7704 1.7830 1.7955 1.8079 1.8203 1.8325 1.8446 1.8566 1.8685 1.8804 1.8921 1.9038 1.9154 1.9269 1.9384 1.9497 1.9610 1.9723 1.9834 1.9945 2.0055 2.0165 2.0273 2.0382

–25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130

TEMP. °C

— 1.6861 1.6996 1.7130 1.7262 1.7392 1.7522 1.7650 1.7777 1.7903 1.8028 1.8152 1.8275 1.8397 1.8518 1.8638 1.8757 1.8875 1.8993 1.9109 1.9225 1.9340 1.9455 1.9568 1.9681 1.9793 1.9905 2.0015 2.0125 2.0235 2.0343 2.0452

— 0.0801 0.0820 0.0839 0.0858 0.0876 0.0895 0.0913 0.0931 0.0950 0.0968 0.0986 0.1004 0.1022 0.1040 0.1058 0.1076 0.1094 0.1112 0.1129 0.1147 0.1165 0.1183 0.1200 0.1218 0.1236 0.1253 0.1271 0.1288 0.1306 0.1323 0.1341

280.0

290.0

300.0

310.0

(–21.13°C)

(–20.21°C)

(–19.31°C)

(–18.44°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0736)

(367.4)

(1.6718)

(0.0712)

(367.9)

(1.6709)

(0.0689)

(368.3)

(1.6699)

(0.0668)

(368.8)

(1.6690)

0.0740 0.0758 0.0775 0.0793 0.0810 0.0827 0.0845 0.0862 0.0879 0.0896 0.0913 0.0930 0.0947 0.0963 0.0980 0.0997 0.1013 0.1030 0.1047 0.1063 0.1080 0.1096 0.1113 0.1129 0.1146 0.1162 0.1178 0.1195 0.1211 0.1227 0.1244 —

368.2 371.6 375.1 378.7 382.2 385.8 389.4 393.0 396.7 400.4 404.1 407.9 411.7 415.5 419.4 423.3 427.2 431.2 435.1 439.1 443.2 447.3 451.4 455.5 459.7 463.8 468.1 472.3 476.6 480.9 485.2 —

1.6749 1.6885 1.7019 1.7152 1.7283 1.7413 1.7542 1.7669 1.7796 1.7921 1.8045 1.8168 1.8290 1.8412 1.8532 1.8651 1.8770 1.8888 1.9004 1.9121 1.9236 1.9350 1.9464 1.9577 1.9689 1.9801 1.9912 2.0022 2.0131 2.0240 2.0348 —

0.0713 0.0730 0.0747 0.0764 0.0781 0.0797 0.0814 0.0831 0.0847 0.0864 0.0880 0.0896 0.0913 0.0929 0.0945 0.0961 0.0977 0.0993 0.1010 0.1026 0.1042 0.1058 0.1073 0.1089 0.1105 0.1121 0.1137 0.1153 0.1168 0.1184 0.1200 —

368.0 371.5 375.0 378.5 382.1 385.7 389.3 392.9 396.6 400.3 404.0 407.8 411.6 415.4 419.3 423.2 427.1 431.1 435.0 439.1 443.1 447.2 451.3 455.4 459.6 463.8 468.0 472.2 476.5 480.8 485.2 —

— 371.3 374.8 378.4 381.9 385.5 389.1 392.8 396.5 400.2 403.9 407.7 411.5 415.3 419.2 423.1 427.0 431.0 435.0 439.0 443.0 447.1 451.2 455.3 459.5 463.7 467.9 472.2 476.4 480.8 485.1 489.5

— 1.6817 1.6952 1.7084 1.7216 1.7346 1.7475 1.7603 1.7730 1.7855 1.7979 1.8103 1.8225 1.8347 1.8467 1.8587 1.8705 1.8823 1.8940 1.9056 1.9172 1.9286 1.9400 1.9513 1.9626 1.9737 1.9848 1.9959 2.0068 2.0177 2.0286 2.0393

— 0.0679 0.0695 0.0711 0.0727 0.0743 0.0759 0.0774 0.0790 0.0805 0.0821 0.0836 0.0851 0.0867 0.0882 0.0897 0.0912 0.0927 0.0942 0.0958 0.0973 0.0988 0.1002 0.1017 0.1032 0.1047 0.1062 0.1077 0.1092 0.1106 0.1121 0.1136

— 371.2 374.7 378.2 381.8 385.4 389.0 392.7 396.4 400.1 403.8 407.6 411.4 415.2 419.1 423.0 426.9 430.9 434.9 438.9 442.9 447.0 451.1 455.3 459.4 463.6 467.8 472.1 476.4 480.7 485.0 489.4

— 1.6784 1.6919 1.7052 1.7184 1.7314 1.7443 1.7571 1.7698 1.7824 1.7948 1.8072 1.8194 1.8316 1.8436 1.8556 1.8675 1.8793 1.8910 1.9026 1.9141 1.9256 1.9370 1.9483 1.9596 1.9707 1.9818 1.9929 2.0038 2.0147 2.0256 2.0363

1.6714 1.6850 1.6985 1.7118 1.7249 1.7379 1.7508 1.7636 1.7762 1.7887 1.8012 1.8135 1.8257 1.8379 1.8499 1.8619 1.8737 1.8855 1.8972 1.9088 1.9203 1.9318 1.9432 1.9545 1.9657 1.9769 1.9880 1.9990 2.0099 2.0208 2.0316 —

— 0.0704 0.0720 0.0737 0.0753 0.0769 0.0785 0.0801 0.0817 0.0833 0.0849 0.0865 0.0881 0.0897 0.0912 0.0928 0.0944 0.0959 0.0975 0.0990 0.1006 0.1021 0.1037 0.1052 0.1068 0.1083 0.1098 0.1114 0.1129 0.1144 0.1159 0.1175

10

–20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135






TEMP. °C –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

320.0

330.0

340.0

350.0

(–17.59°C)

(–16.75°C)

(–15.94°C)

(–15.14°C)

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0648)

(369.2)

(1.6682)

(0.0629)

(369.6)

(1.6673)

(0.0612)

(370.0)

(1.6665)

(0.0595)

(370.5)

(1.6658)

0.0656 0.0672 0.0687 0.0703 0.0718 0.0733 0.0749 0.0764 0.0779 0.0794 0.0809 0.0824 0.0839 0.0853 0.0868 0.0883 0.0897 0.0912 0.0927 0.0941 0.0956 0.0970 0.0985 0.0999 0.1014 0.1028 0.1043 0.1057 0.1071 0.1086 0.1100

371.0 374.5 378.1 381.7 385.3 388.9 392.5 396.2 399.9 403.7 407.5 411.3 415.1 419.0 422.9 426.8 430.8 434.8 438.8 442.8 446.9 451.0 455.2 459.3 463.5 467.8 472.0 476.3 480.6 485.0 489.3

1.6752 1.6888 1.7021 1.7153 1.7283 1.7413 1.7541 1.7667 1.7793 1.7918 1.8041 1.8164 1.8286 1.8406 1.8526 1.8645 1.8763 1.8880 1.8996 1.9112 1.9227 1.9341 1.9454 1.9566 1.9678 1.9789 1.9899 2.0009 2.0118 2.0226 2.0334

0.0635 0.0650 0.0665 0.0680 0.0695 0.0710 0.0725 0.0739 0.0754 0.0769 0.0783 0.0798 0.0812 0.0826 0.0841 0.0855 0.0869 0.0884 0.0898 0.0912 0.0926 0.0940 0.0954 0.0968 0.0982 0.0996 0.1010 0.1024 0.1038 0.1052 0.1066

370.9 374.4 377.9 381.5 385.1 388.8 392.4 396.1 399.8 403.6 407.4 411.2 415.0 418.9 422.8 426.7 430.7 434.7 438.7 442.8 446.8 450.9 455.1 459.3 463.5 467.7 471.9 476.2 480.5 484.9 489.3

370.7 374.3 377.8 381.4 385.0 388.6 392.3 396.0 399.7 403.5 407.3 411.1 414.9 418.8 422.7 426.6 430.6 434.6 438.6 442.7 446.8 450.9 455.0 459.2 463.4 467.6 471.9 476.2 480.5 484.8 489.2

1.6691 1.6827 1.6961 1.7093 1.7224 1.7353 1.7482 1.7609 1.7735 1.7860 1.7983 1.8106 1.8228 1.8349 1.8469 1.8588 1.8706 1.8823 1.8940 1.9055 1.9170 1.9284 1.9398 1.9510 1.9622 1.9733 1.9844 1.9953 2.0062 2.0171 2.0279

0.0595 0.0610 0.0624 0.0638 0.0653 0.0667 0.0681 0.0695 0.0709 0.0722 0.0736 0.0750 0.0764 0.0777 0.0791 0.0804 0.0818 0.0831 0.0845 0.0858 0.0872 0.0885 0.0898 0.0912 0.0925 0.0938 0.0951 0.0964 0.0978 0.0991 0.1004

370.6 374.1 377.7 381.2 384.9 388.5 392.2 395.9 399.6 403.4 407.1 411.0 414.8 418.7 422.6 426.5 430.5 434.5 438.5 442.6 446.7 450.8 454.9 459.1 463.3 467.5 471.8 476.1 480.4 484.8 489.1

1.6661 1.6798 1.6932 1.7064 1.7195 1.7325 1.7453 1.7580 1.7707 1.7832 1.7956 1.8078 1.8200 1.8321 1.8441 1.8560 1.8679 1.8796 1.8912 1.9028 1.9143 1.9257 1.9371 1.9483 1.9595 1.9706 1.9817 1.9927 2.0036 2.0144 2.0252

–15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

TEMP. °C

360.0 TEMP. °C

–10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140

TEMP. °C

V

1.6721 1.6857 1.6990 1.7122 1.7253 1.7382 1.7511 1.7638 1.7764 1.7888 1.8012 1.8135 1.8256 1.8377 1.8497 1.8616 1.8734 1.8851 1.8968 1.9083 1.9198 1.9312 1.9425 1.9538 1.9650 1.9761 1.9871 1.9981 2.0090 2.0198 2.0306

0.0614 0.0629 0.0644 0.0659 0.0673 0.0688 0.0702 0.0716 0.0731 0.0745 0.0759 0.0773 0.0787 0.0801 0.0815 0.0829 0.0843 0.0857 0.0871 0.0884 0.0898 0.0912 0.0925 0.0939 0.0953 0.0966 0.0980 0.0993 0.1007 0.1020 0.1034

370.0

(–14.36°C)

380.0

(–13.60°C)

390.0

(–12.85°C)

(–12.11°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0579)

(370.9)

(1.6651)

(0.0564)

(371.3)

(1.6644)

(0.0550)

(371.6)

(1.6637)

(0.0536)

(372.0)

(1.6630)

0.0591 0.0605 0.0619 0.0633 0.0647 0.0661 0.0674 0.0688 0.0701 0.0715 0.0728 0.0741 0.0755 0.0768 0.0781 0.0794 0.0807 0.0821 0.0834 0.0847 0.0860 0.0873 0.0886 0.0898 0.0911 0.0924 0.0937 0.0950 0.0963 0.0975 0.0988

374.0 377.5 381.1 384.7 388.4 392.0 395.7 399.5 403.2 407.0 410.8 414.7 418.6 422.5 426.4 430.4 434.4 438.4 442.5 446.6 450.7 454.8 459.0 463.2 467.5 471.7 476.0 480.3 484.7 489.1 493.5

1.6769 1.6903 1.7036 1.7167 1.7297 1.7426 1.7553 1.7679 1.7804 1.7928 1.8051 1.8173 1.8294 1.8414 1.8534 1.8652 1.8769 1.8886 1.9002 1.9117 1.9231 1.9344 1.9457 1.9569 1.9680 1.9791 1.9901 2.0010 2.0118 2.0226 2.0333

0.0574 0.0588 0.0601 0.0615 0.0628 0.0642 0.0655 0.0668 0.0681 0.0694 0.0707 0.0720 0.0733 0.0746 0.0759 0.0772 0.0785 0.0798 0.0810 0.0823 0.0836 0.0848 0.0861 0.0874 0.0886 0.0899 0.0911 0.0924 0.0936 0.0949 0.0961

373.8 377.4 381.0 384.6 388.2 391.9 395.6 399.4 403.1 406.9 410.7 414.6 418.5 422.4 426.3 430.3 434.3 438.3 442.4 446.5 450.6 454.8 458.9 463.2 467.4 471.7 475.9 480.3 484.6 489.0 493.4

373.6 377.2 380.8 384.4 388.1 391.8 395.5 399.2 403.0 406.8 410.6 414.5 418.4 422.3 426.2 430.2 434.2 438.3 442.3 446.4 450.5 454.7 458.9 463.1 467.3 471.6 475.9 480.2 484.5 488.9 493.3

1.6714 1.6848 1.6982 1.7113 1.7243 1.7372 1.7500 1.7626 1.7752 1.7876 1.7999 1.8121 1.8243 1.8363 1.8482 1.8601 1.8718 1.8835 1.8951 1.9066 1.9180 1.9294 1.9407 1.9519 1.9630 1.9741 1.9851 1.9960 2.0068 2.0176 2.0284

0.0542 0.0555 0.0568 0.0581 0.0594 0.0606 0.0619 0.0632 0.0644 0.0657 0.0669 0.0682 0.0694 0.0706 0.0719 0.0731 0.0743 0.0755 0.0767 0.0779 0.0791 0.0803 0.0815 0.0827 0.0839 0.0851 0.0863 0.0875 0.0887 0.0899 0.0911

373.5 377.1 380.7 384.3 388.0 391.7 395.4 399.1 402.9 406.7 410.5 414.4 418.3 422.2 426.1 430.1 434.1 438.2 442.2 446.3 450.4 454.6 458.8 463.0 467.2 471.5 475.8 480.1 484.5 488.9 493.3

1.6687 1.6822 1.6955 1.7087 1.7217 1.7346 1.7474 1.7601 1.7726 1.7851 1.7974 1.8096 1.8218 1.8338 1.8457 1.8576 1.8694 1.8810 1.8926 1.9041 1.9156 1.9269 1.9382 1.9494 1.9606 1.9716 1.9826 1.9936 2.0044 2.0152 2.0260

1.6741 1.6876 1.7008 1.7140 1.7270 1.7399 1.7526 1.7652 1.7778 1.7902 1.8025 1.8147 1.8268 1.8388 1.8508 1.8626 1.8743 1.8860 1.8976 1.9091 1.9205 1.9319 1.9431 1.9543 1.9655 1.9765 1.9875 1.9984 2.0093 2.0201 2.0308

0.0557 0.0571 0.0584 0.0597 0.0610 0.0624 0.0637 0.0649 0.0662 0.0675 0.0688 0.0701 0.0713 0.0726 0.0738 0.0751 0.0763 0.0776 0.0788 0.0801 0.0813 0.0825 0.0838 0.0850 0.0862 0.0874 0.0887 0.0899 0.0911 0.0923 0.0935

11

–10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140






TEMP. °C –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145

TEMP. °C

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150

400.0

425.0

450.0

475.0

(–11.39°C)

(–9.64°C)

(–7.97°C)

(–6.37°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0523)

(372.4)

(1.6623)

(0.0493)

(373.2)

(1.6608)

(0.0467)

(374.0)

(1.6593)

(0.0443)

(374.8)

(1.6580)

0.0527 0.0540 0.0552 0.0565 0.0578 0.0590 0.0603 0.0615 0.0627 0.0639 0.0652 0.0664 0.0676 0.0688 0.0700 0.0712 0.0724 0.0736 0.0747 0.0759 0.0771 0.0783 0.0794 0.0806 0.0818 0.0830 0.0841 0.0853 0.0864 0.0876 0.0887 —

373.3 376.9 380.5 384.2 387.8 391.5 395.2 399.0 402.8 406.6 410.4 414.3 418.2 422.1 426.0 430.0 434.0 438.1 442.1 446.2 450.4 454.5 458.7 462.9 467.2 471.4 475.7 480.1 484.4 488.8 493.2 —

1.6661 1.6796 1.6930 1.7061 1.7192 1.7321 1.7449 1.7576 1.7702 1.7826 1.7949 1.8072 1.8193 1.8314 1.8433 1.8552 1.8670 1.8786 1.8902 1.9018 1.9132 1.9246 1.9359 1.9471 1.9582 1.9693 1.9803 1.9912 2.0021 2.0129 2.0236 —

— 0.0505 0.0517 0.0529 0.0541 0.0553 0.0565 0.0576 0.0588 0.0600 0.0611 0.0623 0.0634 0.0645 0.0657 0.0668 0.0679 0.0691 0.0702 0.0713 0.0724 0.0735 0.0746 0.0757 0.0768 0.0779 0.0790 0.0801 0.0812 0.0823 0.0834 0.0845

— 376.6 380.2 383.8 387.5 391.2 394.9 398.7 402.5 406.3 410.1 414.0 417.9 421.8 425.8 429.8 433.8 437.8 441.9 446.0 450.2 454.3 458.5 462.7 467.0 471.2 475.5 479.9 484.2 488.6 493.0 497.5

— 376.2 379.8 383.5 387.2 390.9 394.6 398.4 402.2 406.0 409.9 413.7 417.6 421.6 425.6 429.5 433.6 437.6 441.7 445.8 449.9 454.1 458.3 462.5 466.8 471.1 475.4 479.7 484.1 488.5 492.9 497.3

— 1.6674 1.6809 1.6941 1.7073 1.7203 1.7331 1.7459 1.7585 1.7710 1.7834 1.7957 1.8079 1.8200 1.8320 1.8439 1.8557 1.8674 1.8790 1.8906 1.9021 1.9135 1.9248 1.9360 1.9472 1.9583 1.9693 1.9803 1.9912 2.0020 2.0127 2.0234

— 0.0446 0.0457 0.0468 0.0479 0.0490 0.0501 0.0511 0.0522 0.0532 0.0543 0.0553 0.0564 0.0574 0.0584 0.0594 0.0605 0.0615 0.0625 0.0635 0.0645 0.0655 0.0665 0.0675 0.0685 0.0695 0.0705 0.0715 0.0725 0.0734 0.0744 0.0754

— 375.8 379.5 383.1 386.8 390.6 394.3 398.1 401.9 405.7 409.6 413.5 417.4 421.3 425.3 429.3 433.3 437.4 441.5 445.6 449.7 453.9 458.1 462.3 466.6 470.9 475.2 479.5 483.9 488.3 492.7 497.1

— 1.6617 1.6752 1.6885 1.7017 1.7148 1.7277 1.7405 1.7531 1.7656 1.7781 1.7904 1.8026 1.8147 1.8267 1.8386 1.8505 1.8622 1.8739 1.8854 1.8969 1.9083 1.9197 1.9309 1.9421 1.9532 1.9642 1.9752 1.9861 1.9969 2.0077 2.0184

–10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145

TEMP. °C

— 1.6734 1.6868 1.7000 1.7131 1.7261 1.7389 1.7516 1.7642 1.7767 1.7890 1.8013 1.8135 1.8255 1.8375 1.8494 1.8612 1.8729 1.8845 1.8960 1.9075 1.9189 1.9302 1.9414 1.9526 1.9636 1.9747 1.9856 1.9965 2.0073 2.0180 2.0287

— 0.0474 0.0485 0.0497 0.0508 0.0520 0.0531 0.0542 0.0553 0.0564 0.0575 0.0586 0.0597 0.0608 0.0619 0.0629 0.0640 0.0651 0.0661 0.0672 0.0682 0.0693 0.0703 0.0714 0.0724 0.0735 0.0745 0.0756 0.0766 0.0776 0.0787 0.0797

500.0

525.0

550.0

575.0

(–4.84°C)

(–3.36°C)

(–1.93°C)

(–0.55°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0421)

(375.5)

(1.6567)

(0.0402)

(376.2)

(1.6555)

(0.0384)

(376.9)

(1.6543)

(0.0367)

(377.5)

(1.6532)

0.0432 0.0442 0.0453 0.0463 0.0473 0.0484 0.0494 0.0504 0.0514 0.0524 0.0534 0.0544 0.0553 0.0563 0.0573 0.0583 0.0592 0.0602 0.0612 0.0621 0.0631 0.0640 0.0650 0.0659 0.0669 0.0678 0.0687 0.0697 0.0706 0.0715 0.0725

379.1 382.8 386.5 390.2 394.0 397.8 401.6 405.4 409.3 413.2 417.1 421.1 425.1 429.1 433.1 437.2 441.3 445.4 449.5 453.7 457.9 462.1 466.4 470.7 475.0 479.3 483.7 488.1 492.5 497.0 501.5

1.6698 1.6832 1.6964 1.7095 1.7224 1.7353 1.7479 1.7605 1.7730 1.7853 1.7975 1.8097 1.8217 1.8337 1.8455 1.8573 1.8689 1.8805 1.8920 1.9034 1.9148 1.9261 1.9372 1.9484 1.9594 1.9704 1.9813 1.9921 2.0029 2.0136 2.0243

0.0409 0.0419 0.0429 0.0439 0.0449 0.0459 0.0468 0.0478 0.0488 0.0497 0.0507 0.0516 0.0526 0.0535 0.0544 0.0553 0.0563 0.0572 0.0581 0.0590 0.0599 0.0609 0.0618 0.0627 0.0636 0.0645 0.0654 0.0663 0.0672 0.0680 0.0689

378.7 382.4 386.1 389.9 393.7 397.5 401.3 405.1 409.0 412.9 416.9 420.8 424.8 428.8 432.9 436.9 441.0 445.2 449.3 453.5 457.7 461.9 466.2 470.5 474.8 479.2 483.5 487.9 492.4 496.8 501.3

378.3 382.1 385.8 389.6 393.3 397.2 401.0 404.9 408.7 412.7 416.6 420.6 424.6 428.6 432.6 436.7 440.8 444.9 449.1 453.3 457.5 461.7 466.0 470.3 474.6 479.0 483.4 487.8 492.2 496.7 501.1

1.6596 1.6731 1.6864 1.6996 1.7126 1.7255 1.7382 1.7509 1.7634 1.7758 1.7881 1.8002 1.8123 1.8243 1.8362 1.8480 1.8597 1.8713 1.8828 1.8943 1.9057 1.9170 1.9282 1.9393 1.9504 1.9614 1.9723 1.9832 1.9940 2.0047 2.0153

0.0368 0.0378 0.0387 0.0397 0.0406 0.0415 0.0424 0.0433 0.0442 0.0451 0.0460 0.0468 0.0477 0.0486 0.0494 0.0503 0.0511 0.0520 0.0528 0.0537 0.0545 0.0553 0.0562 0.0570 0.0578 0.0587 0.0595 0.0603 0.0611 0.0620 0.0628

378.0 381.7 385.4 389.2 393.0 396.8 400.7 404.6 408.5 412.4 416.3 420.3 424.3 428.3 432.4 436.5 440.6 444.7 448.9 453.1 457.3 461.5 465.8 470.1 474.5 478.8 483.2 487.6 492.0 496.5 501.0

1.6547 1.6683 1.6816 1.6949 1.7079 1.7208 1.7336 1.7463 1.7589 1.7713 1.7836 1.7958 1.8079 1.8199 1.8318 1.8436 1.8553 1.8670 1.8785 1.8900 1.9014 1.9127 1.9239 1.9351 1.9462 1.9572 1.9681 1.9790 1.9898 2.0005 2.0112

1.6646 1.6780 1.6913 1.7044 1.7174 1.7303 1.7430 1.7556 1.7681 1.7804 1.7927 1.8049 1.8169 1.8289 1.8407 1.8525 1.8642 1.8758 1.8873 1.8988 1.9101 1.9214 1.9326 1.9437 1.9548 1.9658 1.9767 1.9876 1.9983 2.0091 2.0197

0.0388 0.0397 0.0407 0.0417 0.0426 0.0436 0.0445 0.0454 0.0464 0.0473 0.0482 0.0491 0.0500 0.0509 0.0518 0.0527 0.0536 0.0545 0.0554 0.0562 0.0571 0.0580 0.0588 0.0597 0.0606 0.0614 0.0623 0.0632 0.0640 0.0649 0.0657

12

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150






TEMP. °C 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155

TEMP. °C 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165

600.0

625.0

650.0

675.0

(0.78°C)

(2.08°C)

(3.33°C)

(4.55°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0352)

(378.2)

(1.6521)

(0.0338)

(378.7)

(1.6511)

(0.0325)

(379.3)

(1.6502)

(0.0313)

(379.8)

(1.6492)

0.0360 0.0369 0.0378 0.0387 0.0396 0.0405 0.0413 0.0422 0.0430 0.0439 0.0447 0.0456 0.0464 0.0472 0.0481 0.0489 0.0497 0.0505 0.0513 0.0521 0.0529 0.0537 0.0545 0.0553 0.0561 0.0569 0.0577 0.0585 0.0593 0.0601 0.060]9

381.3 385.1 388.9 392.7 396.5 400.4 404.3 408.2 412.1 416.1 420.0 424.1 428.1 432.1 436.2 440.4 444.5 448.7 452.9 457.1 461.3 465.6 469.9 474.3 478.6 483.0 487.4 491.9 496.3 500.8 505.3

1.6636 1.6770 1.6903 1.7034 1.7164 1.7292 1.7419 1.7545 1.7669 1.7793 1.7915 1.8036 1.8157 1.8276 1.8394 1.8512 1.8628 1.8744 1.8859 1.8973 1.9086 1.9198 1.9310 1.9421 1.9531 1.9641 1.9749 1.9858 1.9965 2.0072 2.0178

0.0344 0.0352 0.0361 0.0370 0.0378 0.0387 0.0395 0.0403 0.0412 0.0420 0.0428 0.0436 0.0444 0.0452 0.0460 0.0468 0.0476 0.0484 0.0492 0.0500 0.0507 0.0515 0.0523 0.0530 0.0538 0.0546 0.0553 0.0561 0.0569 0.0576 0.0584

380.9 384.7 388.5 392.4 396.2 400.1 404.0 407.9 411.8 415.8 419.8 423.8 427.8 431.9 436.0 440.1 444.3 448.5 452.7 456.9 461.2 465.4 469.7 474.1 478.4 482.8 487.3 491.7 496.2 500.7 505.2

380.6 384.4 388.2 392.0 395.9 399.8 403.7 407.6 411.5 415.5 419.5 423.5 427.6 431.7 435.8 439.9 444.1 448.2 452.5 456.7 461.0 465.2 469.6 473.9 478.3 482.7 487.1 491.5 496.0 500.5 505.0

1.6547 1.6683 1.6816 1.6948 1.7079 1.7208 1.7336 1.7462 1.7587 1.7711 1.7834 1.7956 1.8076 1.8196 1.8315 1.8433 1.8549 1.8665 1.8781 1.8895 1.9008 1.9121 1.9233 1.9344 1.9455 1.9564 1.9673 1.9781 1.9889 1.9996 2.0102

0.0314 0.0323 0.0331 0.0339 0.0347 0.0355 0.0363 0.0371 0.0378 0.0386 0.0394 0.0401 0.0409 0.0416 0.0424 0.0431 0.0439 0.0446 0.0453 0.0461 0.0468 0.0475 0.0482 0.0490 0.0497 0.0504 0.0511 0.0518 0.0525 0.0532 0.0539

380.2 384.0 387.8 391.7 395.6 399.4 403.4 407.3 411.3 415.2 419.3 423.3 427.3 431.4 435.5 439.7 443.8 448.0 452.2 456.5 460.8 465.0 469.4 473.7 478.1 482.5 486.9 491.4 495.8 500.3 504.9

1.6505 1.6641 1.6775 1.6907 1.7038 1.7168 1.7296 1.7422 1.7548 1.7672 1.7795 1.7917 1.8038 1.8158 1.8277 1.8395 1.8512 1.8628 1.8743 1.8858 1.8972 1.9084 1.9196 1.9308 1.9418 1.9528 1.9637 1.9745 1.9853 1.9960 2.0066

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155

TEMP. °C

1.6591 1.6726 1.6859 1.6991 1.7121 1.7249 1.7377 1.7503 1.7628 1.7751 1.7874 1.7995 1.8116 1.8235 1.8354 1.8471 1.8588 1.8704 1.8819 1.8933 1.9046 1.9159 1.9271 1.9382 1.9492 1.9602 1.9711 1.9819 1.9926 2.0033 2.0139

0.0328 0.0337 0.0345 0.0354 0.0362 0.0370 0.0378 0.0386 0.0394 0.0402 0.0410 0.0418 0.0426 0.0434 0.0441 0.0449 0.0457 0.0464 0.0472 0.0479 0.0487 0.0494 0.0502 0.0509 0.0517 0.0524 0.0531 0.0539 0.0546 0.0553 0.0561

700.0

725.0

750.0

800.0

(5.73°C)

(6.89°C)

(8.01°C)

(10.17°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0302)

(380.4)

(1.6483)

(0.0292)

(380.9)

(1.6474)

(0.0282)

(381.3)

(1.6466)

(0.0264)

(382.2)

(1.6450)

0.0309 0.0317 0.0325 0.0333 0.0341 0.0348 0.0356 0.0364 0.0371 0.0378 0.0386 0.0393 0.0400 0.0408 0.0415 0.0422 0.0429 0.0436 0.0443 0.0450 0.0457 0.0464 0.0471 0.0478 0.0485 0.0492 0.0499 0.0506 0.0512 0.0519 0.0526 —

383.6 387.5 391.3 395.2 399.1 403.1 407.0 411.0 415.0 419.0 423.0 427.1 431.2 435.3 439.4 443.6 447.8 452.0 456.3 460.6 464.9 469.2 473.5 477.9 482.3 486.7 491.2 495.7 500.2 504.7 509.3 —

1.6600 1.6734 1.6867 1.6999 1.7129 1.7257 1.7384 1.7510 1.7634 1.7758 1.7880 1.8001 1.8121 1.8240 1.8359 1.8476 1.8592 1.8708 1.8822 1.8936 1.9049 1.9161 1.9272 1.9383 1.9493 1.9602 1.9711 1.9818 1.9926 2.0032 2.0138 —

0.0297 0.0305 0.0312 0.0320 0.0328 0.0335 0.0342 0.0350 0.0357 0.0364 0.0371 0.0379 0.0386 0.0393 0.0400 0.0407 0.0413 0.0420 0.0427 0.0434 0.0441 0.0447 0.0454 0.0461 0.0468 0.0474 0.0481 0.0488 0.0494 0.0501 0.0507 —

383.3 387.1 391.0 394.9 398.8 402.8 406.7 410.7 414.7 418.7 422.8 426.8 430.9 435.1 439.2 443.4 447.6 451.8 456.1 460.4 464.7 469.0 473.3 477.7 482.1 486.6 491.0 495.5 500.0 504.6 509.1 —

382.9 386.8 390.7 394.6 398.5 402.4 406.4 410.4 414.4 418.4 422.5 426.6 430.7 434.8 439.0 443.2 447.4 451.6 455.9 460.2 464.5 468.8 473.2 477.5 482.0 486.4 490.9 495.3 499.9 504.4 509.0 —

1.6521 1.6656 1.6790 1.6923 1.7053 1.7183 1.7310 1.7437 1.7562 1.7686 1.7809 1.7930 1.8051 1.8170 1.8289 1.8406 1.8523 1.8639 1.8754 1.8868 1.8981 1.9094 1.9205 1.9316 1.9426 1.9536 1.9644 1.9752 1.9859 1.9966 2.0072 —

— 0.0271 0.0279 0.0286 0.0293 0.0300 0.0307 0.0313 0.0320 0.0327 0.0333 0.0340 0.0346 0.0353 0.0359 0.0366 0.0372 0.0378 0.0385 0.0391 0.0397 0.0403 0.0410 0.0416 0.0422 0.0428 0.0434 0.0440 0.0446 0.0452 0.0458 0.0464

— 386.0 389.9 393.9 397.8 401.8 405.8 409.8 413.9 417.9 422.0 426.1 430.2 434.4 438.5 442.7 446.9 451.2 455.5 459.7 464.1 468.4 472.8 477.2 481.6 486.0 490.5 495.0 499.5 504.1 508.6 513.2

— 1.6582 1.6717 1.6850 1.6982 1.7112 1.7240 1.7368 1.7493 1.7618 1.7741 1.7863 1.7984 1.8104 1.8223 1.8341 1.8458 1.8574 1.8689 1.8804 1.8917 1.9030 1.9142 1.9253 1.9363 1.9473 1.9582 1.9690 1.9797 1.9904 2.0010 2.0116

1.6560 1.6695 1.6828 1.6960 1.7091 1.7219 1.7347 1.7473 1.7598 1.7721 1.7844 1.7965 1.8086 1.8205 1.8323 1.8441 1.8557 1.8673 1.8787 1.8901 1.9014 1.9127 1.9238 1.9349 1.9459 1.9568 1.9677 1.9785 1.9892 1.9998 2.0104 —

0.0285 0.0293 0.0300 0.0308 0.0315 0.0322 0.0330 0.0337 0.0344 0.0351 0.0358 0.0365 0.0372 0.0378 0.0385 0.0392 0.0399 0.0405 0.0412 0.0419 0.0425 0.0432 0.0438 0.0445 0.0451 0.0458 0.0464 0.0471 0.0477 0.0483 0.0490 —

13

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165






TEMP. °C 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170

TEMP. °C 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185

850.0

900.0

950.0

1000.0

(12.24°C)

(14.22°C)

(16.11°C)

(17.93°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0249)

(383.1)

(1.6434)

(0.0234)

(383.9)

(1.6420)

(0.0222)

(384.6)

(1.6405)

(0.0210)

(385.3)

(1.6392)

0.0252 0.0259 0.0266 0.0273 0.0280 0.0286 0.0293 0.0299 0.0305 0.0312 0.0318 0.0324 0.0330 0.0337 0.0343 0.0349 0.0355 0.0361 0.0367 0.0372 0.0378 0.0384 0.0390 0.0396 0.0402 0.0407 0.0413 0.0419 0.0425 0.0430 0.0436 —

385.3 389.2 393.2 397.2 401.2 405.2 409.2 413.3 417.4 421.5 425.6 429.7 433.9 438.1 442.3 446.5 450.8 455.0 459.3 463.7 468.0 472.4 476.8 481.2 485.7 490.2 494.7 499.2 503.8 508.3 512.9 —

1.6510 1.6647 1.6781 1.6914 1.7044 1.7174 1.7301 1.7428 1.7553 1.7677 1.7799 1.7921 1.8041 1.8161 1.8279 1.8396 1.8513 1.8628 1.8743 1.8857 1.8970 1.9082 1.9193 1.9304 1.9414 1.9523 1.9631 1.9739 1.9846 1.9952 2.0057 —

0.0235 0.0242 0.0249 0.0255 0.0262 0.0268 0.0274 0.0280 0.0287 0.0293 0.0299 0.0304 0.0310 0.0316 0.0322 0.0328 0.0333 0.0339 0.0345 0.0350 0.0356 0.0362 0.0367 0.0373 0.0378 0.0384 0.0389 0.0395 0.0400 0.0405 0.0411 —

384.5 388.5 392.5 396.5 400.5 404.6 408.6 412.7 416.8 420.9 425.1 429.2 433.4 437.6 441.8 446.1 450.3 454.6 458.9 463.3 467.6 472.0 476.4 480.9 485.4 489.8 494.4 498.9 503.4 508.0 512.6 —

— 387.7 391.8 395.8 399.9 404.0 408.0 412.1 416.2 420.4 424.5 428.7 432.9 437.1 441.3 445.6 449.9 454.2 458.5 462.9 467.3 471.7 476.1 480.5 485.0 489.5 494.0 498.6 503.1 507.7 512.3 517.0

— 1.6513 1.6650 1.6785 1.6917 1.7048 1.7177 1.7305 1.7432 1.7557 1.7680 1.7803 1.7924 1.8044 1.8163 1.8282 1.8399 1.8515 1.8630 1.8744 1.8858 1.8971 1.9082 1.9193 1.9304 1.9413 1.9522 1.9630 1.9737 1.9844 1.9950 2.0055

— 0.0213 0.0219 0.0225 0.0231 0.0237 0.0243 0.0249 0.0254 0.0260 0.0265 0.0271 0.0276 0.0282 0.0287 0.0292 0.0297 0.0303 0.0308 0.0313 0.0318 0.0323 0.0328 0.0333 0.0338 0.0343 0.0348 0.0353 0.0358 0.0363 0.0368 0.0373

— 387.0 391.1 395.1 399.2 403.3 407.4 411.5 415.7 419.8 424.0 428.2 432.4 436.6 440.9 445.2 449.5 453.8 458.1 462.5 466.9 471.3 475.7 480.2 484.6 489.2 493.7 498.2 502.8 507.4 512.0 516.7

— 1.6450 1.6588 1.6723 1.6857 1.6989 1.7119 1.7247 1.7374 1.7500 1.7624 1.7747 1.7869 1.7990 1.8109 1.8228 1.8345 1.8462 1.8577 1.8692 1.8806 1.8919 1.9031 1.9142 1.9252 1.9362 1.9471 1.9579 1.9687 1.9794 1.9900 2.0005

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170

TEMP. °C

1.6441 1.6579 1.6714 1.6848 1.6980 1.7110 1.7238 1.7365 1.7491 1.7615 1.7739 1.7861 1.7981 1.8101 1.8220 1.8338 1.8454 1.8570 1.8685 1.8799 1.8912 1.9025 1.9136 1.9247 1.9357 1.9467 1.9575 1.9683 1.9790 1.9896 2.0002 —

— 0.0227 0.0233 0.0239 0.0246 0.0252 0.0258 0.0264 0.0270 0.0275 0.0281 0.0287 0.0292 0.0298 0.0304 0.0309 0.0314 0.0320 0.0325 0.0331 0.0336 0.0341 0.0347 0.0352 0.0357 0.0362 0.0368 0.0373 0.0378 0.0383 0.0388 0.0393

1100.0

1200.0

1300.0

1400.0

(21.38°C)

(24.60°C)

(27.63°C)

(30.48°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0190)

(386.5)

(1.6366)

(0.0174)

(387.6)

(1.6341)

(0.0159)

(388.6)

(1.6318)

(0.0147)

(389.4)

(1.6295)

0.0195 0.0200 0.0206 0.0212 0.0217 0.0222 0.0228 0.0233 0.0238 0.0243 0.0248 0.0253 0.0258 0.0263 0.0268 0.0273 0.0278 0.0282 0.0287 0.0292 0.0296 0.0301 0.0306 0.0310 0.0315 0.0319 0.0324 0.0329 0.0333 0.0338 0.0342 — —

389.5 393.7 397.8 402.0 406.2 410.3 414.5 418.7 422.9 427.2 431.4 435.7 439.9 444.2 448.6 452.9 457.3 461.7 466.1 470.5 475.0 479.4 483.9 488.5 493.0 497.6 502.2 506.8 511.4 516.1 520.8 — —

1.6468 1.6606 1.6742 1.6876 1.7007 1.7137 1.7266 1.7393 1.7518 1.7642 1.7765 1.7887 1.8007 1.8126 1.8245 1.8362 1.8478 1.8593 1.8708 1.8821 1.8934 1.9045 1.9156 1.9267 1.9376 1.9485 1.9592 1.9699 1.9806 1.9912 2.0017 — —

0.0174 0.0180 0.0185 0.0190 0.0196 0.0201 0.0206 0.0211 0.0215 0.0220 0.0225 0.0230 0.0234 0.0239 0.0243 0.0248 0.0252 0.0257 0.0261 0.0266 0.0270 0.0274 0.0279 0.0283 0.0287 0.0291 0.0296 0.0300 0.0304 0.0308 0.0312 — —

388.0 392.2 396.4 400.7 404.9 409.1 413.3 417.6 421.8 426.1 430.4 434.7 439.0 443.3 447.7 452.0 456.4 460.9 465.3 469.7 474.2 478.7 483.2 487.8 492.3 496.9 501.5 506.2 510.8 515.5 520.2 — —

— 390.6 394.9 399.2 403.5 407.8 412.1 416.4 420.7 425.0 429.3 433.7 438.0 442.4 446.8 451.2 455.6 460.0 464.5 469.0 473.5 478.0 482.5 487.1 491.7 496.3 500.9 505.5 510.2 514.9 519.6 524.3 —

— 1.6386 1.6527 1.6666 1.6802 1.6935 1.7067 1.7197 1.7325 1.7451 1.7576 1.7700 1.7822 1.7943 1.8063 1.8182 1.8300 1.8416 1.8532 1.8646 1.8760 1.8873 1.8985 1.9096 1.9206 1.9315 1.9424 1.9532 1.9639 1.9745 1.9851 1.9956 —

— — 0.0152 0.0157 0.0161 0.0166 0.0171 0.0175 0.0180 0.0184 0.0188 0.0192 0.0197 0.0201 0.0205 0.0209 0.0213 0.0217 0.0221 0.0224 0.0228 0.0232 0.0236 0.0240 0.0243 0.0247 0.0251 0.0254 0.0258 0.0262 0.0265 0.0269 0.0273

— — 393.4 397.8 402.2 406.5 410.9 415.2 419.6 423.9 428.3 432.7 437.0 441.4 445.9 450.3 454.7 459.2 463.7 468.2 472.7 477.2 481.8 486.4 491.0 495.6 500.2 504.9 509.6 514.3 519.0 523.7 528.5

— — 1.6425 1.6567 1.6705 1.6841 1.6974 1.7106 1.7236 1.7363 1.7490 1.7614 1.7738 1.7860 1.7980 1.8100 1.8218 1.8335 1.8452 1.8567 1.8681 1.8794 1.8907 1.9018 1.9129 1.9239 1.9348 1.9456 1.9563 1.9670 1.9776 1.9881 1.9986

1.6353 1.6494 1.6632 1.6768 1.6902 1.7034 1.7164 1.7292 1.7419 1.7544 1.7668 1.7791 1.7912 1.8032 1.8151 1.8269 1.8386 1.8502 1.8617 1.8731 1.8844 1.8956 1.9068 1.9178 1.9288 1.9397 1.9505 1.9613 1.9719 1.9825 1.9931 — —

— 0.0162 0.0167 0.0172 0.0177 0.0182 0.0187 0.0192 0.0196 0.0201 0.0205 0.0210 0.0214 0.0218 0.0223 0.0227 0.0231 0.0235 0.0239 0.0243 0.0247 0.0252 0.0256 0.0260 0.0264 0.0267 0.0271 0.0275 0.0279 0.0283 0.0287 0.0291 —

14

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185






TEMP. °C 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195

TEMP. °C 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205

1500.0

1600.0

1700.0

1800.0

(33.19°C)

(35.77°C)

(38.23°C)

(40.58°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0136)

(390.1)

(1.6272)

(0.0127)

(390.8)

(1.6250)

(0.0118)

(391.3)

(1.6228)

(0.0111)

(391.8)

(1.6206)

0.0138 0.0143 0.0148 0.0152 0.0157 0.0161 0.0165 0.0169 0.0173 0.0177 0.0181 0.0185 0.0189 0.0193 0.0197 0.0201 0.0204 0.0208 0.0212 0.0215 0.0219 0.0222 0.0226 0.0229 0.0233 0.0236 0.0240 0.0243 0.0247 0.0250 0.0253 — —

391.8 396.3 400.7 405.2 409.6 414.0 418.4 422.8 427.2 431.6 436.0 440.5 444.9 449.4 453.9 458.3 462.9 467.4 471.9 476.5 481.1 485.7 490.3 494.9 499.6 504.3 508.9 513.7 518.4 523.2 527.9 — —

1.6325 1.6470 1.6611 1.6750 1.6885 1.7019 1.7150 1.7279 1.7407 1.7533 1.7657 1.7780 1.7902 1.8022 1.8141 1.8259 1.8376 1.8492 1.8607 1.8720 1.8833 1.8945 1.9056 1.9167 1.9276 1.9385 1.9493 1.9600 1.9706 1.9811 1.9916 — —

— 0.0131 0.0135 0.0140 0.0144 0.0148 0.0153 0.0157 0.0160 0.0164 0.0168 0.0172 0.0176 0.0179 0.0183 0.0186 0.0190 0.0193 0.0197 0.0200 0.0204 0.0207 0.0211 0.0214 0.0217 0.0220 0.0224 0.0227 0.0230 0.0233 0.0237 0.0240 —

— 394.7 399.2 403.7 408.2 412.7 417.2 421.6 426.1 430.6 435.0 439.5 444.0 448.5 453.0 457.5 462.0 466.6 471.1 475.7 480.3 484.9 489.6 494.2 498.9 503.6 508.3 513.1 517.8 522.6 527.4 532.2 —

— 393.0 397.7 402.3 406.9 411.4 415.9 420.5 425.0 429.5 434.0 438.5 443.0 447.5 452.1 456.6 461.2 465.8 470.4 475.0 479.6 484.2 488.9 493.6 498.3 503.0 507.7 512.4 517.2 522.0 526.8 531.6 —

— 1.6281 1.6430 1.6574 1.6714 1.6852 1.6987 1.7120 1.7250 1.7379 1.7506 1.7631 1.7754 1.7877 1.7997 1.8117 1.8235 1.8352 1.8468 1.8583 1.8697 1.8810 1.8922 1.9033 1.9144 1.9253 1.9362 1.9469 1.9576 1.9683 1.9788 1.9893 —

— — 0.0115 0.0119 0.0123 0.0127 0.0131 0.0135 0.0139 0.0142 0.0146 0.0150 0.0153 0.0156 0.0160 0.0163 0.0166 0.0169 0.0173 0.0176 0.0179 0.0182 0.0185 0.0188 0.0191 0.0194 0.0197 0.0200 0.0203 0.0206 0.0209 0.0212 0.0215

— — 396.0 400.7 405.4 410.1 414.7 419.2 423.8 428.4 432.9 437.5 442.0 446.6 451.2 455.8 460.4 465.0 469.6 474.2 478.8 483.5 488.2 492.9 497.6 502.3 507.1 511.8 516.6 521.4 526.2 531.1 535.9

— — 1.6340 1.6488 1.6632 1.6772 1.6909 1.7044 1.7176 1.7306 1.7434 1.7560 1.7685 1.7808 1.7930 1.8050 1.8169 1.8287 1.8404 1.8519 1.8634 1.8747 1.8860 1.8972 1.9082 1.9192 1.9301 1.9409 1.9516 1.9623 1.9729 1.9834 1.9938

35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195

TEMP. °C

— 1.6375 1.6520 1.6661 1.6799 1.6934 1.7067 1.7198 1.7327 1.7454 1.7580 1.7704 1.7826 1.7948 1.8068 1.8186 1.8304 1.8420 1.8536 1.8650 1.8764 1.8876 1.8988 1.9098 1.9208 1.9317 1.9425 1.9533 1.9639 1.9745 1.9850 1.9955 —

— 0.0120 0.0125 0.0129 0.0133 0.0137 0.0141 0.0145 0.0149 0.0153 0.0156 0.0160 0.0164 0.0167 0.0171 0.0174 0.0177 0.0181 0.0184 0.0187 0.0191 0.0194 0.0197 0.0200 0.0203 0.0207 0.0210 0.0213 0.0216 0.0219 0.0222 0.0225 —

1900.0

2000.0

2200.0

2400.0

(42.84°C)

(45.01°C)

(49.11°C)

(52.95°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0104)

(392.1)

(1.6183)

(0.0098)

(392.4)

(1.6161)

(0.0087)

(392.8)

(1.6115)

(0.0078)

(392.9)

(1.6067)

0.0106 0.0110 0.0114 0.0118 0.0122 0.0126 0.0130 0.0133 0.0137 0.0140 0.0143 0.0147 0.0150 0.0153 0.0156 0.0159 0.0162 0.0165 0.0168 0.0171 0.0174 0.0177 0.0180 0.0183 0.0186 0.0189 0.0191 0.0194 0.0197 0.0200 0.0203 — —

394.3 399.1 403.9 408.7 413.3 418.0 422.6 427.2 431.9 436.5 441.1 445.7 450.3 454.9 459.5 464.1 468.8 473.4 478.1 482.8 487.5 492.2 496.9 501.7 506.4 511.2 516.0 520.8 525.7 530.5 535.4 — —

1.6251 1.6403 1.6550 1.6693 1.6833 1.6969 1.7103 1.7235 1.7365 1.7492 1.7618 1.7742 1.7865 1.7986 1.8106 1.8224 1.8342 1.8458 1.8573 1.8687 1.8800 1.8912 1.9023 1.9134 1.9243 1.9351 1.9459 1.9566 1.9672 1.9777 1.9882 — —

— 0.0102 0.0106 0.0110 0.0114 0.0118 0.0121 0.0125 0.0128 0.0132 0.0135 0.0138 0.0141 0.0144 0.0147 0.0150 0.0153 0.0156 0.0159 0.0162 0.0165 0.0167 0.0170 0.0173 0.0176 0.0178 0.0181 0.0184 0.0186 0.0189 0.0192 0.0194 —

— 397.4 402.4 407.2 412.0 416.7 421.4 426.1 430.8 435.4 440.0 444.7 449.3 454.0 458.6 463.3 468.0 472.6 477.3 482.1 486.8 491.5 496.3 501.0 505.8 510.6 515.4 520.2 525.1 530.0 534.8 539.7 —

— 393.7 399.0 404.1 409.1 414.0 418.9 423.7 428.5 433.2 438.0 442.7 447.4 452.2 456.9 461.6 466.3 471.1 475.8 480.6 485.3 490.1 494.9 499.7 504.5 509.4 514.2 519.1 523.9 528.8 533.7 538.7 —

— 1.6144 1.6306 1.6461 1.6609 1.6754 1.6894 1.7032 1.7166 1.7298 1.7428 1.7555 1.7681 1.7805 1.7928 1.8049 1.8168 1.8286 1.8403 1.8519 1.8634 1.8747 1.8860 1.8971 1.9082 1.9192 1.9300 1.9408 1.9515 1.9622 1.9727 1.9832 —

— — 0.0080 0.0084 0.0088 0.0091 0.0095 0.0098 0.0101 0.0104 0.0107 0.0110 0.0113 0.0116 0.0119 0.0121 0.0124 0.0126 0.0129 0.0131 0.0134 0.0136 0.0139 0.0141 0.0144 0.0146 0.0148 0.0151 0.0153 0.0155 0.0158 0.0160 0.0162

— — 395.2 400.7 406.0 411.1 416.2 421.2 426.1 431.0 435.8 440.7 445.5 450.3 455.1 459.9 464.7 469.5 474.3 479.1 483.9 488.7 493.5 498.4 503.2 508.1 513.0 517.9 522.8 527.7 532.6 537.6 542.6

— — 1.6138 1.6304 1.6462 1.6613 1.6759 1.6901 1.7040 1.7175 1.7308 1.7438 1.7566 1.7693 1.7817 1.7940 1.8061 1.8180 1.8299 1.8416 1.8532 1.8646 1.8760 1.8872 1.8984 1.9094 1.9204 1.9312 1.9420 1.9527 1.9633 1.9738 1.9843

— 1.6318 1.6469 1.6615 1.6758 1.6896 1.7032 1.7166 1.7297 1.7426 1.7553 1.7678 1.7802 1.7924 1.8044 1.8164 1.8282 1.8399 1.8514 1.8629 1.8743 1.8855 1.8967 1.9077 1.9187 1.9296 1.9404 1.9511 1.9618 1.9723 1.9828 1.9932 —

— 0.0088 0.0092 0.0096 0.0100 0.0103 0.0107 0.0110 0.0114 0.0117 0.0120 0.0123 0.0126 0.0129 0.0132 0.0134 0.0137 0.0140 0.0143 0.0145 0.0148 0.0151 0.0153 0.0156 0.0158 0.0161 0.0163 0.0166 0.0168 0.0171 0.0173 0.0176 —

15

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205






TEMP. °C 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220

TEMP. °C 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230

2600.0

2800.0

3000.0

3200.0

(56.55°C)

(59.95°C)

(63.17°C)

(66.24°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0070)

(392.7)

(1.6016)

(0.0063)

(392.2)

(1.5962)

(0.0057)

(391.5)

(1.5904)

(0.0052)

(390.4)

(1.5839)

0.0073 0.0077 0.0081 0.0084 0.0088 0.0091 0.0094 0.0097 0.0099 0.0102 0.0105 0.0107 0.0110 0.0113 0.0115 0.0117 0.0120 0.0122 0.0125 0.0127 0.0129 0.0131 0.0134 0.0136 0.0138 0.0140 0.0142 0.0144 0.0147 0.0149 0.0151 — —

396.8 402.5 408.0 413.3 418.5 423.6 428.6 433.6 438.6 443.5 448.4 453.2 458.1 463.0 467.8 472.7 477.5 482.4 487.3 492.2 497.0 501.9 506.8 511.8 516.7 521.6 526.6 531.5 536.5 541.5 546.5 — —

1.6141 1.6311 1.6472 1.6625 1.6773 1.6917 1.7056 1.7192 1.7326 1.7456 1.7585 1.7711 1.7836 1.7959 1.8080 1.8200 1.8318 1.8435 1.8551 1.8666 1.8779 1.8891 1.9003 1.9113 1.9222 1.9331 1.9438 1.9545 1.9651 1.9756 1.9860 — —

0.0063 0.0068 0.0072 0.0075 0.0078 0.0082 0.0085 0.0087 0.0090 0.0093 0.0095 0.0098 0.0100 0.0103 0.0105 0.0108 0.0110 0.0112 0.0114 0.0116 0.0119 0.0121 0.0123 0.0125 0.0127 0.0129 0.0131 0.0133 0.0135 0.0137 0.0139 — —

392.3 398.7 404.6 410.2 415.7 421.0 426.2 431.3 436.4 441.4 446.4 451.4 456.3 461.2 466.2 471.1 476.0 480.9 485.8 490.8 495.7 500.6 505.6 510.5 515.5 520.5 525.4 530.4 535.4 540.5 545.5 — —

— 394.1 400.7 406.8 412.6 418.1 423.6 428.9 434.1 439.2 444.3 449.4 454.4 459.5 464.5 469.4 474.4 479.4 484.4 489.3 494.3 499.3 504.3 509.3 514.3 519.3 524.3 529.3 534.4 539.4 544.5 549.5 —

— 1.5981 1.6175 1.6351 1.6516 1.6673 1.6823 1.6968 1.7109 1.7246 1.7380 1.7512 1.7641 1.7767 1.7892 1.8015 1.8136 1.8256 1.8374 1.8491 1.8607 1.8721 1.8834 1.8946 1.9057 1.9167 1.9276 1.9384 1.9491 1.9597 1.9702 1.9807 —

— — 0.0056 0.0060 0.0063 0.0066 0.0069 0.0072 0.0075 0.0078 0.0080 0.0082 0.0085 0.0087 0.0089 0.0091 0.0094 0.0096 0.0098 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0108 0.0109 0.0111 0.0113 0.0115 0.0117 0.0119 0.0120 0.0122 0.0124

— — 396.2 403.0 409.2 415.1 420.8 426.3 431.7 437.0 442.2 447.4 452.5 457.7 462.7 467.8 472.8 477.9 482.9 487.9 492.9 498.0 503.0 508.0 513.1 518.1 523.2 528.2 533.3 538.4 543.4 548.5 553.7

— — 1.6009 1.6205 1.6383 1.6549 1.6707 1.6858 1.7003 1.7144 1.7282 1.7416 1.7547 1.7676 1.7803 1.7928 1.8051 1.8172 1.8291 1.8409 1.8526 1.8641 1.8755 1.8868 1.8980 1.9091 1.9200 1.9309 1.9417 1.9523 1.9629 1.9734 1.9838

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220

TEMP. °C

1.5964 1.6154 1.6327 1.6490 1.6646 1.6795 1.6939 1.7079 1.7216 1.7350 1.7481 1.7610 1.7737 1.7861 1.7984 1.8106 1.8225 1.8344 1.8461 1.8576 1.8691 1.8804 1.8916 1.9027 1.9137 1.9247 1.9355 1.9462 1.9569 1.9674 1.9779 — —

— 0.0059 0.0063 0.0067 0.0070 0.0074 0.0077 0.0079 0.0082 0.0085 0.0087 0.0090 0.0092 0.0094 0.0097 0.0099 0.0101 0.0103 0.0105 0.0108 0.0110 0.0112 0.0114 0.0116 0.0118 0.0120 0.0122 0.0123 0.0125 0.0127 0.0129 0.0131 —

3400.0

3600.0

3800.0

4000.0

(69.16°C)

(71.95°C)

(74.62°C)

(77.18°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0047)

(389.0)

(1.5768)

(0.0042)

(387.1)

(1.5687)

(0.0038)

(384.6)

(1.5591)

(0.0034)

(381.2)

(1.5474)

0.0048 0.0053 0.0057 0.0060 0.0063 0.0066 0.0069 0.0071 0.0074 0.0076 0.0078 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0087 0.0089 0.0091 0.0093 0.0095 0.0097 0.0098 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0107 0.0109 0.0111 0.0113 0.0114 0.0116 — —

390.5 398.6 405.5 411.8 417.8 423.6 429.2 434.7 440.1 445.4 450.6 455.8 461.0 466.1 471.2 476.3 481.4 486.5 491.6 496.6 501.7 506.8 511.8 516.9 522.0 527.1 532.2 537.3 542.4 547.5 552.7 — —

1.5813 1.6046 1.6244 1.6423 1.6589 1.6747 1.6898 1.7044 1.7185 1.7322 1.7456 1.7588 1.7717 1.7843 1.7968 1.8090 1.8211 1.8331 1.8449 1.8565 1.8680 1.8794 1.8906 1.9018 1.9128 1.9238 1.9346 1.9453 1.9560 1.9665 1.9770 — —

— 0.0046 0.0050 0.0054 0.0057 0.0060 0.0063 0.0066 0.0068 0.0070 0.0073 0.0075 0.0077 0.0079 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0087 0.0089 0.0090 0.0092 0.0094 0.0096 0.0097 0.0099 0.0101 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0107 0.0109 0.0111 —

— 393.1 401.2 408.2 414.7 420.8 426.6 432.3 437.8 443.2 448.6 453.9 459.2 464.4 469.6 474.7 479.9 485.0 490.1 495.3 500.4 505.5 510.6 515.7 520.8 526.0 531.1 536.2 541.4 546.5 551.7 556.9 —

— 385.6 396.2 404.2 411.2 417.7 423.8 429.7 435.5 441.1 446.5 452.0 457.3 462.6 467.9 473.1 478.3 483.5 488.7 493.9 499.1 504.2 509.4 514.5 519.7 524.8 530.0 535.2 540.4 545.5 550.7 555.9 —

— 1.5622 1.5923 1.6148 1.6343 1.6521 1.6686 1.6843 1.6994 1.7139 1.7279 1.7416 1.7550 1.7681 1.7809 1.7935 1.8059 1.8181 1.8302 1.8420 1.8537 1.8653 1.8768 1.8881 1.8993 1.9103 1.9213 1.9322 1.9429 1.9536 1.9642 1.9747 —

— — 0.0038 0.0043 0.0047 0.0050 0.0053 0.0056 0.0058 0.0061 0.0063 0.0065 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0073 0.0074 0.0076 0.0078 0.0080 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0086 0.0088 0.0089 0.0091 0.0093 0.0094 0.0096 0.0097 0.0099 0.0100

— — 389.6 399.5 407.4 414.4 420.9 427.1 433.0 438.8 444.4 450.0 455.4 460.8 466.2 471.5 476.8 482.1 487.3 492.5 497.7 502.9 508.1 513.3 518.5 523.7 528.9 534.1 539.3 544.5 549.7 555.0 560.2

— — 1.5714 1.5992 1.6211 1.6403 1.6578 1.6743 1.6899 1.7048 1.7193 1.7333 1.7469 1.7602 1.7733 1.7861 1.7986 1.8110 1.8231 1.8351 1.8470 1.8586 1.8702 1.8816 1.8929 1.9040 1.9150 1.9260 1.9368 1.9475 1.9582 1.9687 1.9791

— 1.5863 1.6093 1.6290 1.6469 1.6635 1.6793 1.6943 1.7089 1.7230 1.7367 1.7501 1.7632 1.7761 1.7887 1.8012 1.8134 1.8255 1.8374 1.8491 1.8607 1.8722 1.8836 1.8948 1.9059 1.9169 1.9278 1.9386 1.9493 1.9599 1.9705 1.9809 —

— 0.0039 0.0044 0.0049 0.0052 0.0055 0.0058 0.0060 0.0063 0.0065 0.0067 0.0070 0.0072 0.0074 0.0076 0.0077 0.0079 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0086 0.0088 0.0090 0.0092 0.0093 0.0095 0.0096 0.0098 0.0100 0.0101 0.0103 0.0104 —

16

70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230

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H-47758-1

1/94

f Printed in U.S.A.

235702B


T-HP81—SI D

U

P

O

N

T

SUVA

R E F R I G E R A N T S



Thermodynamic Properties of 

SUVA HP81 Refrigerant

[R-402B (38/2/60)]

f

Thermodynamic Properties of SUVA HP81 Refrigerant SI Units

New tables of the thermodynamic properties of SUVA® HP81 refrigerant [ASHRAE designation: R-402B (38/2/ 60)], a near azeotropic blend of HFC-125/HC-290/HCFC22, have been developed and are presented here. These tables are based on extensive experimental measurements. Equations have been developed, based on the PengRobinson-Stryjek-Vera (PRSV) equation of state, which represent the data with accuracy and consistency throughout the entire range of temperature, pressure, and density presented in these tables.

Reference point for enthalpy and entropy: hf = 200 kJ/kg at 0°C sf = 1 kJ/kg • K at 0°C

Equations The Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera (PRSV) equation of state was used to calculate the tables of thermodynamic properties. It was chosen as the preferred equation of state because it provided an accurate fit of the thermodynamic data over the entire range of temperatures and pressures presented in these tables.

Physical Properties Chemical Formula Molecular Weight Boiling Point at One Atmosphere Critical Temperature, Tc Critical Pressure, Pc Critical Density, Dc Critical Volume, Vc

The constants for the PRSV equation of state were calculated in SI units. For conversion of thermodynamic properties to Engineering (I/P) units, conversion factors are provided for each property derived from the PRSV equation of state.

CHF2CF3/CH3CH2CH3/CHClF2 (38/2/60% by weight) 94.71 –47.14°C 82.61°C 355.76 K 4445.4 kPa (abs) 530.7 kg/m3 0.00188 m3/kg

(–52.83°F) (180.70°F) (640.37°R) (644.8 psia) (33.13 lb/ft3) (0.0302 ft3/lb)

1. Equation of State (PRSV) P = RT/(V–b) – a/(V2 + 2bV – b2) where P is in kPa, T is in K, V is in m3/mole, and R = 0.008314 kJ/(mole) (K). The constants a and b are calculated as follows: 3

3

3

a = ∑ ∑ xi xj aij

b = ∑ xi bi

i=1 j=1

Units and Factors

i=1

where

t = temperature in °C T = temperature in K = °C + 273.15 pf = pressure of saturated liquid (bubble point) in kPa (abs) pg = pressure of saturated vapor (dew point) in kPa (abs) vf = volume of saturated liquid in m3/kg vg = volume of saturated vapor in m3/kg V = volume of superheated vapor in m3/kg df = 1/vf = density of saturated liquid in kg/m3 dg = 1/vg = density of saturated vapor in kg/m3 hf = enthalpy of saturated liquid in kJ/kg hfg = enthalpy of vaporization in kJ/kg hg = enthalpy of saturated vapor in kJ/kg H = enthalpy of superheated vapor in kJ/kg sf = entropy of saturated liquid in kJ/(kg) (K) sg = entropy of saturated vapor in kJ/(kg) (K) S = entropy of superheated vapor in kJ/(kg) (K) Cp = heat capacity at constant pressure in kJ/(kg) (K) Cv = heat capacity at constant volume in kJ/(kg) (K)

aij = (ai aj)0.5 (1 – kij)

bi = 0.077796 RTci/Pci

xi = mole fraction of component i xj = mole fraction of component j ai = (0.457235 R2 Tci2/Pci) αi aj = (0.457235 R2 Tcj2/Pcj) αj kij = binary interaction parameter for components i and j αi = [1 + κi (1 – Tri0.5)]2 κi = κ0i + κ1i [(1 + Tri0.5) (0.7 – Tri)] (Note: κi = κ0i for Tr > 0.7) κ0i = 0.378893 + 1.4897153ωi – 0.17131848ωi2 + 0.0196554ωi3 κ1i = adjustable parameter for component i Tri = Ti/Tci for component i

The gas constant, R = 8.314 J/(mole) (K) for SUVA® HP81, R = 0.0878 kJ/(kg) (K) One atmosphere = 101.325 kPa

1

Values for R, Tci, Pci, ωi, κ1i, xi, and kij are needed to calculate constants a and b. R = 0.008314 kJ/(mole) (K). The remaining constants for SUVA® HP81 are summarized below:

Conversion Factors (SI units to I/P units): P (psia) = P (kPa) • 0.14504 T (°F) = (T[°C] • 1.8) + 32 3 = D (kg/m3) • 0.062428 D (lb/ft ) 3 = V (m3/kg) • 16.018 V (ft /lb) H (Btu/lb) = [H (kJ/kg) – H (ref)] • 0.43021 S (Btu/lb • °R) = [S (kJ/kg • K) – S (ref)] • 0.23901 Cp (Btu/lb • °F) = Cp (kJ/kg • K) • 0.23901 Cv (Btu/lb • °F) = Cv (kJ/kg • K) • 0.23901

Component Tci Pci ωi κ1i xi HFC-125 (i = 1) 339.19 3595.0 0.3010 0.0390 0.29986 HC-290 (i = 2) 369.90 4257.0 0.1520 0.0320 0.04296 HCFC-22 (i = 3) 369.16 4977.0 0.2214 0.0360 0.65718 The binary interaction parameters, kij, for SUVA® HP81 are: k12 = 0.1478 k13 = 0.0158 k11 = 0.0000 k22 = 0.0000 k23 = 0.0839 k21 = 0.1478 k32 = 0.0839 k33 = 0.0000 k31 = 0.0158

2. Vapor Pressure logn P = A + B/T + C logn T + D T2 For SI units T is in K and P is in kPa (abs)

Ideal Gas Heat Capacity Equation (at constant pressure): 3 O O Cp (mixture) = ∑ xi Cpi

A, B, C and D are constants. Constants for vapor pressure of saturated liquid (bubble point), pf:

i=1

Cpi = 4.184 (Ai + Bi T + Ci T2 + Di T3 + Ei T4 + Fi T5) O

O

A =

O

where Cp and Cpi are in J/(mole) (K) and T is in K. xi is the mole fraction of component i in the mixture (use same values listed in PRSV constants for SUVA® HP81). Ai, Bi, Ci, Di, Ei, and Fi are constants: B1 = 0.216411 E–01 A1 = 1.170140 E+01 B2 = 0.731500 E–01 A2 = –1.009000 E+00 B3 = 0.173407 E–01 A3 = 6.164370 E+00 C1 = 0.868526 E–04 C2 = –0.378900 E–04 C3 = 0.557618 E–04

D1 = –0.112776 E–06 D2 = 0.767800 E–08 D3 = –0.140596 E–06

E1 = E2 = E3 =

F1 = 0.000000 E+00 F2 = 0.000000 E+00 F3 = –0.368814 E–13

0.000000 E+00 0.000000 E+00 0.120557 E–09

5.11244 E+01

C = –5.85217 E+00

B = –3.47027 E+03

D = 1.11710 E–05


6.67012 E+01

C = –8.32834 E+00

B = –4.03132 E+03

D = 1.54397 E–05

For I/P units T is in °R and P is in psia A, B, C and D are constants. Constants for vapor pressure of saturated liquid (bubble point), pf: A =

Properties calculated in SI units from the equations and constants listed above can be converted to I/P units using the conversion factors shown below. Please note that in converting enthalpy and entropy from SI to I/P units, a change in reference states must be included (from H = 200 and S = 1 at 0°C for SI units to H = 0 and S = 0 at –40°F for I/P units). In the conversion equations below, H (ref) and S (ref) are the saturated liquid enthalpy and entropy at –40°C. For SUVA® HP81: H (ref) = 151.4 kJ/kg and S (ref) = 0.8092 kJ/kg • K.

5.26337 E+01

C = –5.85217 E+00

B = –6.24656 E+03

D = 0.34475 E–05


2

6.96658 E+01

C = –8.32834 E+00

B = –7.25639 E+03

D = 0.47653 E–05

df and Dc are in kg/m3 in SI units and lb/ft3 in I/P units; T and Tc are in K in SI units and °R in I/P units; a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, and t0 are constants:

3. Density of the Saturated Liquid df/Dc = a0 + a1 z + a2 z2 + a3 z3 + a4 z4 where z = (1 – T/Tc)1/3 – t0 Because both density and temperature appear in the reduced form in the equation, the same constants can be used for either SI or I/P units.

3

a0 = 2.338105

a3 = –3.296387

a1 = 2.891266

a4 = –8.152344

a2 = 2.094202

t0 =

0.6032181


TEMP. °C

PRESSURE kPa LIQUID pf

VAPOR pg



LIQUID hf


VAPOR hg


TEMP. °C

–100 –99 –98 –97 –96

3.6 3.9 4.2 4.6 5.0

2.6 2.9 3.1 3.4 3.7

0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

5.7904 5.3191 4.8924 4.5045 4.1511

1567.39 1564.99 1562.58 1560.17 1557.73

0.173 0.188 0.204 0.222 0.241

88.3 89.3 90.3 91.3 92.3

235.5 235.0 234.6 234.1 233.7

323.8 324.3 324.9 325.4 326.0

0.4977 0.5034 0.5091 0.5148 0.5204

1.8667 1.8619 1.8572 1.8526 1.8480

–100 –99 –98 –97 –96

–95 –94 –93 –92 –91

5.4 5.8 6.3 6.8 7.3

4.1 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.7

0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

3.8300 3.5373 3.2712 3.0276 2.8050

1555.29 1552.83 1550.36 1547.87 1545.38

0.261 0.283 0.306 0.330 0.357

93.3 94.3 95.3 96.3 97.3

233.2 232.8 232.3 231.9 231.4

326.5 327.1 327.6 328.2 328.7

0.5260 0.5316 0.5372 0.5427 0.5483

1.8436 1.8392 1.8349 1.8308 1.8266

–95 –94 –93 –92 –91

–90 –89 –88 –87 –86

7.9 8.5 9.2 9.8 10.6

6.2 6.7 7.2 7.8 8.4

0.0006 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

2.6021 2.4155 2.2447 2.0877 1.9436

1542.87 1540.34 1537.81 1535.26 1532.70

0.384 0.414 0.446 0.479 0.515

98.3 99.3 100.3 101.3 102.3

231.0 230.5 230.0 229.6 229.1

329.3 329.8 330.4 330.9 331.5

0.5538 0.5593 0.5647 0.5702 0.5756

1.8226 1.8187 1.8148 1.8110 1.8073

–90 –89 –88 –87 –86

–85 –84 –83 –82 –81

11.4 12.2 13.1 14.0 15.0

9.1 9.8 10.5 11.3 12.2

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

1.8109 1.6892 1.5768 1.4730 1.3774

1530.12 1527.53 1524.93 1522.31 1519.69

0.552 0.592 0.634 0.679 0.726

103.4 104.4 105.4 106.4 107.4

228.7 228.2 227.7 227.3 226.8

332.0 332.6 333.1 333.7 334.3

0.5810 0.5864 0.5918 0.5972 0.6025

1.8036 1.8000 1.7965 1.7931 1.7897

–85 –84 –83 –82 –81

–80 –79 –78 –77 –76

16.0 17.1 18.3 19.5 20.8

13.1 14.0 15.0 16.1 17.2

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

1.2890 1.2073 1.1316 1.0615 0.9965

1517.04 1514.39 1511.72 1509.04 1506.34

0.776 0.828 0.884 0.942 1.004

108.5 109.5 110.5 111.6 112.6

226.3 225.9 225.4 224.9 224.5

334.8 335.4 335.9 336.5 337.1

0.6078 0.6131 0.6184 0.6237 0.6290

1.7864 1.7832 1.7800 1.7769 1.7738

–80 –79 –78 –77 –76

–75 –74 –73 –72 –71

22.1 23.6 25.1 26.7 28.3

18.4 19.7 21.0 22.4 23.9

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.9362 0.8802 0.8282 0.7797 0.7346

1503.64 1500.91 1498.18 1495.43 1492.67

1.068 1.136 1.208 1.283 1.361

113.6 114.7 115.7 116.8 117.8

224.0 223.5 223.0 222.6 222.1

337.6 338.2 338.7 339.3 339.9

0.6342 0.6394 0.6446 0.6498 0.6550

1.7708 1.7679 1.7650 1.7622 1.7594

–75 –74 –73 –72 –71

–70 –69 –68 –67 –66

30.1 31.9 33.9 35.9 38.0

25.5 27.1 28.8 30.7 32.6

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.6927 0.6536 0.6170 0.5829 0.5511

1489.89 1487.10 1484.30 1481.48 1478.65

1.444 1.530 1.621 1.716 1.815

118.8 119.9 120.9 122.0 123.1

221.6 221.1 220.6 220.1 219.6

340.4 341.0 341.6 342.1 342.7

0.6602 0.6653 0.6704 0.6756 0.6807

1.7567 1.7540 1.7514 1.7488 1.7463

–70 –69 –68 –67 –66

–65 –64 –63 –62 –61

40.2 42.6 45.0 47.6 50.2

34.6 36.7 38.9 41.2 43.6

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.5212 0.4934 0.4673 0.4428 0.4199

1475.80 1472.95 1470.07 1467.19 1464.29

1.919 2.027 2.140 2.258 2.382

124.1 125.2 126.2 127.3 128.4

219.1 218.6 218.1 217.6 217.1

343.3 343.8 344.4 344.9 345.5

0.6858 0.6908 0.6959 0.7009 0.7060

1.7439 1.7415 1.7391 1.7368 1.7345

–65 –64 –63 –62 –61

–60 –59 –58 –57 –56

53.0 55.9 59.0 62.1 65.4

46.2 48.8 51.6 54.5 57.5

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.3984 0.3782 0.3592 0.3414 0.3246

1461.37 1458.44 1455.50 1452.54 1449.57

2.510 2.644 2.784 2.929 3.081

129.4 130.5 131.6 132.7 133.8

216.6 216.1 215.6 215.1 214.6

346.1 346.6 347.2 347.8 348.3

0.7110 0.7160 0.7210 0.7260 0.7310

1.7323 1.7301 1.7279 1.7258 1.7238

–60 –59 –58 –57 –56

–55 –54 –53 –52 –51

68.9 72.5 76.2 80.1 84.1

60.7 64.0 67.5 71.1 74.8

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.3088 0.2939 0.2799 0.2667 0.2543

1446.59 1443.59 1440.57 1437.55 1434.50

3.238 3.402 3.572 3.749 3.933

134.8 135.9 137.0 138.1 139.2

214.1 213.5 213.0 212.5 211.9

348.9 349.5 350.0 350.6 351.1

0.7360 0.7409 0.7459 0.7508 0.7557

1.7217 1.7198 1.7178 1.7159 1.7140

–55 –54 –53 –52 –51

–50 –49 –48 –47 –46

88.3 92.7 97.3 102.0 106.9

78.7 82.8 87.0 91.4 95.9

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.2425 0.2314 0.2209 0.2110 0.2016

1431.45 1428.38 1425.29 1422.19 1419.08

4.124 4.322 4.527 4.740 4.961

140.3 141.4 142.5 143.6 144.7

211.4 210.9 210.3 209.8 209.2

351.7 352.3 352.8 353.4 353.9

0.7606 0.7655 0.7704 0.7753 0.7802

1.7122 1.7104 1.7086 1.7069 1.7052

–50 –49 –48 –47 –46

–45 –44 –43 –42 –41

111.9 117.2 122.7 128.3 134.2

100.7 105.6 110.7 116.1 121.6

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.1927 0.1843 0.1763 0.1687 0.1616

1415.95 1412.80 1409.64 1406.47 1403.28

5.190 5.427 5.672 5.926 6.189

145.8 146.9 148.0 149.2 150.3

208.7 208.1 207.5 207.0 206.4

354.5 355.0 355.6 356.1 356.7

0.7850 0.7899 0.7947 0.7996 0.8044

1.7035 1.7019 1.7003 1.6987 1.6972

–45 –44 –43 –42 –41

4

TABLE 1 (continued) SUVA HP81 Saturation Properties—Temperature Table TEMP. °C

PRESSURE kPa



LIQUID hf


VAPOR hg


TEMP. °C

LIQUID pf

VAPOR pg

–40 –39 –38 –37 –36

140.3 146.6 153.1 159.8 166.7

127.3 133.2 139.3 145.7 152.3

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.1548 0.1483 0.1422 0.1364 0.1308

1400.08 1396.86 1393.63 1390.38 1387.11

6.461 6.742 7.032 7.333 7.643

151.4 152.5 153.7 154.8 155.9

205.8 205.3 204.7 204.1 203.5

357.2 357.8 358.3 358.9 359.4

0.8092 0.8140 0.8188 0.8236 0.8284

1.6957 1.6942 1.6927 1.6913 1.6899

–40 –39 –38 –37 –36

–35 –34 –33 –32 –31

173.9 181.3 189.0 196.9 205.0

159.1 166.1 173.4 180.9 188.7

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.1256 0.1206 0.1158 0.1113 0.1070

1383.84 1380.54 1377.23 1373.91 1370.57

7.963 8.293 8.634 8.986 9.349

157.6 158.7 159.9 161.0 162.2

202.4 201.8 201.2 200.6 200.0

360.0 360.5 361.1 361.6 362.2

0.8354 0.8401 0.8448 0.8495 0.8542

1.6885 1.6872 1.6859 1.6846 1.6833

–35 –34 –33 –32 –31

–30 –29 –28 –27 –26

213.5 222.1 231.1 240.3 249.8

196.7 205.0 213.5 222.4 231.5

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.1028 0.0989 0.0952 0.0916 0.0882

1367.21 1363.84 1360.45 1357.05 1353.63

9.723 10.109 10.507 10.917 11.340

163.3 164.4 165.6 166.7 167.9

199.4 198.8 198.2 197.6 196.9

362.7 363.2 363.8 364.3 364.8

0.8589 0.8636 0.8682 0.8729 0.8776

1.6820 1.6808 1.6796 1.6784 1.6773

–30 –29 –28 –27 –26

–25 –24 –23 –22 –21

259.6 269.7 280.1 290.9 301.9

240.9 250.6 260.5 270.8 281.4

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.0849 0.0818 0.0788 0.0760 0.0733

1350.20 1346.75 1343.28 1339.80 1336.31

11.775 12.224 12.685 13.161 13.650

169.1 170.2 171.4 172.6 173.7

196.3 195.7 195.0 194.4 193.7

365.4 365.9 366.4 366.9 367.5

0.8822 0.8869 0.8915 0.8961 0.9008

1.6761 1.6750 1.6739 1.6728 1.6717

–25 –24 –23 –22 –21

–20 –19 –18 –17 –16

313.2 324.9 336.9 349.2 361.9

292.3 303.6 315.1 327.0 339.3

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0707 0.0682 0.0658 0.0635 0.0613

1332.79 1329.26 1325.71 1322.15 1318.57

14.154 14.672 15.205 15.754 16.318

174.9 176.1 177.3 178.5 179.7

193.1 192.4 191.7 191.0 190.4

368.0 368.5 369.0 369.5 370.0

0.9054 0.9100 0.9147 0.9193 0.9239

1.6706 1.6696 1.6686 1.6676 1.6666

–20 –19 –18 –17 –16

–15 –14 –13 –12 –11

374.9 388.2 401.9 415.9 430.4

351.8 364.7 377.9 391.5 405.5

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0592 0.0572 0.0552 0.0534 0.0516

1314.98 1311.36 1307.73 1304.09 1300.42

16.898 17.491 18.100 18.726 19.369

180.9 183.1 184.2 185.4 186.6

189.7 188.0 187.3 186.6 185.9

370.5 371.0 371.6 372.0 372.5

0.9285 0.9370 0.9415 0.9460 0.9505

1.6656 1.6647 1.6638 1.6629 1.6620

–15 –14 –13 –12 –11

–10 –9 –8 –7 –6

445.1 460.3 475.9 491.8 508.2

419.8 434.5 449.6 465.1 481.0

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0499 0.0483 0.0467 0.0452 0.0438

1296.74 1293.05 1289.33 1285.60 1281.85

20.030 20.708 21.405 22.121 22.857

187.8 189.0 190.2 191.4 192.6

185.2 184.5 183.8 183.1 182.4

373.0 373.5 374.0 374.5 375.0

0.9550 0.9595 0.9640 0.9685 0.9730

1.6611 1.6602 1.6594 1.6585 1.6576

–10 –9 –8 –7 –6

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1

525.0 542.2 559.8 577.9 596.4

497.3 514.0 531.2 548.8 566.8

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0424 0.0410 0.0397 0.0385 0.0373

1278.08 1274.30 1270.49 1266.67 1262.83

23.612 24.387 25.183 26.000 26.838

193.8 195.1 196.3 197.5 198.8

181.6 180.9 180.1 179.4 178.6

375.5 375.9 376.4 376.9 377.3

0.9775 0.9820 0.9865 0.9910 0.9955

1.6568 1.6560 1.6552 1.6544 1.6535

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1

0 1 2 3 4

615.3 634.7 654.5 674.9 695.6

585.2 604.2 623.5 643.4 663.7

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0361 0.0350 0.0339 0.0329 0.0319

1258.98 1255.10 1251.21 1247.29 1243.36

27.699 28.582 29.489 30.419 31.374

200.0 201.2 202.5 203.8 205.0

177.8 177.0 176.2 175.4 174.6

377.8 378.3 378.7 379.2 379.6

1.0000 1.0045 1.0090 1.0135 1.0180

1.6528 1.6520 1.6512 1.6504 1.6496

0 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9

716.9 738.7 760.9 783.7 806.9

684.5 705.7 727.5 749.8 772.6

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0309 0.0300 0.0291 0.0282 0.0274

1239.41 1235.44 1231.45 1227.45 1223.42

32.353 33.358 34.389 35.447 36.533

206.3 207.6 208.8 210.1 211.4

173.8 172.9 172.1 171.2 170.3

380.0 380.5 380.9 381.3 381.8

1.0225 1.0270 1.0315 1.0360 1.0405

1.6489 1.6481 1.6473 1.6466 1.6458

5 6 7 8 9

10 11 12 13 14

830.7 855.0 879.8 905.2 931.1

795.9 819.7 844.1 869.0 894.4

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0266 0.0258 0.0250 0.0243 0.0236

1219.37 1215.30 1211.21 1207.11 1202.98

37.646 38.788 39.960 41.162 42.396

212.7 214.0 215.3 216.6 218.0

169.5 168.6 167.7 166.8 165.8

382.2 382.6 383.0 383.4 383.8

1.0450 1.0495 1.0541 1.0586 1.0631

1.6451 1.6443 1.6436 1.6429 1.6421

10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19

957.5 984.6 1012.2 1040.3 1069.1

920.4 947.0 974.1 1001.9 1030.2

0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

0.0229 0.0222 0.0216 0.0210 0.0204

1198.83 1194.66 1190.46 1186.25 1182.01

43.661 44.959 46.290 47.657 49.058

219.3 220.6 222.0 223.3 224.7

164.9 163.9 163.0 162.0 161.0

384.2 384.6 384.9 385.3 385.7

1.0677 1.0722 1.0768 1.0813 1.0859

1.6414 1.6406 1.6399 1.6391 1.6384

15 16 17 18 19

5


TEMP. °C

PRESSURE kPa



LIQUID hf


VAPOR hg


TEMP. °C

LIQUID pf

VAPOR pg

20 21 22 23 24

1098.4 1128.4 1158.9 1190.1 1221.9

1059.1 1088.6 1118.7 1149.4 1180.8

0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

0.0198 0.0192 0.0187 0.0182 0.0177

1177.75 1173.47 1169.17 1164.84 1160.49

50.496 51.972 53.486 55.040 56.635

226.0 227.4 228.8 230.2 231.6

160.0 159.0 158.0 156.9 155.9

386.0 386.4 386.7 387.1 387.4

1.0905 1.0950 1.0996 1.1042 1.1088

1.6376 1.6369 1.6361 1.6354 1.6346

20 21 22 23 24

25 26 27 28 29

1254.3 1287.3 1321.0 1355.4 1390.4

1212.8 1245.5 1278.8 1312.7 1347.3

0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

0.0172 0.0167 0.0162 0.0158 0.0153

1156.11 1151.71 1147.29 1142.84 1138.36

58.271 59.951 61.676 63.446 65.264

233.0 234.4 235.8 237.2 238.6

154.8 153.7 152.6 151.5 150.3

387.7 388.1 388.4 388.7 389.0

1.1134 1.1181 1.1227 1.1273 1.1320

1.6338 1.6331 1.6323 1.6315 1.6307

25 26 27 28 29

30 31 32 33 34

1426.1 1462.4 1499.5 1537.2 1575.7

1382.7 1418.7 1455.3 1492.7 1530.8

0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

0.0149 0.0145 0.0141 0.0137 0.0133

1133.86 1129.33 1124.78 1120.20 1115.58

67.130 69.047 71.017 73.039 75.118

240.1 241.5 243.0 244.5 246.0

149.2 148.0 146.8 145.6 144.4

389.3 389.6 389.8 390.1 390.3

1.1367 1.1414 1.1461 1.1508 1.1555

1.6299 1.6291 1.6282 1.6274 1.6265

30 31 32 33 34

35 36 37 38 39

1614.8 1654.7 1695.3 1736.6 1778.7

1569.7 1609.2 1649.5 1690.6 1732.4

0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

0.0129 0.0126 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116

1110.94 1106.27 1101.57 1096.83 1092.07

77.254 79.450 81.707 84.028 86.416

247.5 249.0 250.5 252.0 253.5

143.1 141.9 140.6 139.2 137.9

390.6 390.8 391.0 391.3 391.5

1.1602 1.1650 1.1698 1.1745 1.1794

1.6257 1.6248 1.6239 1.6230 1.6221

35 36 37 38 39

40 41 42 43 44

1821.6 1865.2 1909.5 1954.7 2000.6

1775.0 1818.3 1862.5 1907.4 1953.2

0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

0.0113 0.0109 0.0106 0.0103 0.0101

1087.27 1082.43 1077.56 1072.65 1067.71

88.872 91.400 94.001 96.680 99.440

255.1 256.7 258.2 259.8 261.4

136.5 135.2 133.8 132.3 130.9

391.6 391.8 392.0 392.1 392.3

1.1842 1.1890 1.1939 1.1988 1.2037

1.6211 1.6201 1.6192 1.6182 1.6171

40 41 42 43 44

45 46 47 48 49

2047.4 2094.9 2143.3 2192.4 2242.4

1999.7 2047.1 2095.3 2144.4 2194.3

0.0009 0.0009 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

0.0098 0.0095 0.0092 0.0090 0.0087

1062.72 1057.70 1052.63 1047.51 1042.35

102.283 105.213 108.235 111.352 114.569

263.1 264.7 266.3 268.0 269.7

129.4 127.8 126.3 124.7 123.1

392.4 392.5 392.6 392.7 392.8

1.2087 1.2137 1.2187 1.2237 1.2288

1.6161 1.6150 1.6139 1.6128 1.6116

45 46 47 48 49

50 51 52 53 54

2293.3 2345.0 2397.6 2451.0 2505.3

2245.1 2296.8 2349.3 2402.7 2457.1

0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

0.0085 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0076

1037.14 1031.88 1026.57 1021.19 1015.76

117.891 121.322 124.868 128.536 132.331

271.4 273.1 274.8 276.6 278.4

121.5 119.8 118.1 116.3 114.5

392.8 392.9 392.9 392.9 392.9

1.2339 1.2390 1.2442 1.2494 1.2547

1.6104 1.6092 1.6079 1.6066 1.6053

50 51 52 53 54

55 56 57 58 59

2560.5 2616.6 2673.5 2731.4 2790.3

2512.4 2568.6 2625.7 2683.8 2742.8

0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0067 0.0065

1010.26 1004.70 999.06 993.34 987.54

136.261 140.334 144.558 148.943 153.498

280.2 282.0 283.8 285.7 287.6

112.7 110.8 108.8 106.8 104.8

392.8 392.7 392.7 392.5 392.4

1.2600 1.2653 1.2707 1.2762 1.2817

1.6039 1.6024 1.6009 1.5994 1.5978

55 56 57 58 59

60 61 62 63 64

2850.0 2910.7 2972.3 3034.9 3098.5

2802.9 2863.9 2925.9 2988.9 3052.9

0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

0.0063 0.0061 0.0059 0.0058 0.0056

981.65 975.65 969.55 963.33 956.99

158.236 163.168 168.310 173.677 179.287

289.5 291.5 293.5 295.5 297.5

102.7 100.6 98.3 96.1 93.7

392.2 392.0 391.8 391.5 391.2

1.2873 1.2929 1.2987 1.3045 1.3104

1.5961 1.5944 1.5926 1.5907 1.5887

60 61 62 63 64

65 66 67 68 69

3163.0 3228.5 3295.0 3362.5 3431.0

3118.0 3184.2 3251.4 3319.6 3389.0

0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0047

950.49 943.84 937.00 929.96 922.68

185.161 191.323 197.799 204.622 211.829

299.6 301.8 304.0 306.2 308.5

91.3 88.7 86.1 83.4 80.5

390.9 390.5 390.1 389.6 389.0

1.3164 1.3224 1.3287 1.3350 1.3415

1.5866 1.5845 1.5822 1.5798 1.5772

65 66 67 68 69

70 71 72 73 74

3500.5 3571.0 3642.6 3715.1 3788.7

3459.5 3531.1 3603.8 3677.8 3752.9

0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

0.0046 0.0044 0.0042 0.0041 0.0039

915.12 907.25 899.01 890.31 881.05

219.465 227.583 236.250 245.549 255.585

310.9 313.3 315.8 318.4 321.2

77.6 74.5 71.2 67.7 64.1

388.4 387.8 387.0 386.2 385.2

1.3481 1.3549 1.3619 1.3692 1.3767

1.5745 1.5716 1.5685 1.5652 1.5615

70 71 72 73 74

6

TABLE 2 (continued) TABLE 2 SUVA HP81 Superheated Vapor—Constant Pressure Tables V = Volume in m3/kg





TEMP. °C –70 –65 –60 –55 –50 –45 –40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

TEMP. °C –55 –50 –45 –40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

(–83.70°C)

(–73.76°C)

(–67.36°C)

(–62.52°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(1.6549)

(332.7)

(1.7990)

(0.8676)

(338.3)

(1.7672)

(0.5949)

(341.9)

(1.7498)

(0.4553)

(344.7)

(1.7380)

1.7760 1.8202 1.8644 1.9085 1.9527 1.9968 2.0409 2.0850 2.1291 2.1732 2.2172 2.2613 2.3054 2.3494 2.3934 2.4375 2.4815 2.5255 2.5696 2.6136 2.6576 2.7016 2.7456 2.7896 2.8336 2.8776 2.9216 2.9655 3.0095 3.0535 3.0975 — —

340.7 343.7 346.7 349.8 352.9 356.0 359.1 362.3 365.6 368.8 372.1 375.5 378.9 382.3 385.7 389.2 392.7 396.2 399.8 403.4 407.1 410.8 414.5 418.3 422.1 425.9 429.7 433.6 437.5 441.5 445.5 — —

1.8397 1.8542 1.8685 1.8826 1.8966 1.9105 1.9242 1.9377 1.9511 1.9644 1.9776 1.9907 2.0036 2.0164 2.0292 2.0418 2.0543 2.0667 2.0791 2.0913 2.1035 2.1155 2.1275 2.1394 2.1512 2.1629 2.1746 2.1862 2.1977 2.2091 2.2205 — —

0.8843 0.9066 0.9288 0.9510 0.9732 0.9953 1.0175 1.0397 1.0618 1.0839 1.1061 1.1282 1.1503 1.1724 1.1945 1.2166 1.2387 1.2607 1.2828 1.3049 1.3270 1.3490 1.3711 1.3931 1.4152 1.4372 1.4592 1.4813 1.5033 1.5254 1.5474 — —

340.5 343.5 346.5 349.6 352.7 355.8 359.0 362.2 365.4 368.7 372.0 375.3 378.7 382.1 385.6 389.1 392.6 396.1 399.7 403.3 407.0 410.7 414.4 418.2 422.0 425.8 429.6 433.5 437.5 441.4 445.4 — —

— 343.3 346.4 349.4 352.5 355.7 358.8 362.0 365.3 368.6 371.9 375.2 378.6 382.0 385.5 388.9 392.5 396.0 399.6 403.2 406.9 410.6 414.3 418.1 421.9 425.7 429.5 433.4 437.4 441.3 445.3 449.3 —

— 1.7566 1.7710 1.7852 1.7992 1.8131 1.8269 1.8405 1.8539 1.8673 1.8805 1.8936 1.9065 1.9194 1.9321 1.9448 1.9573 1.9698 1.9821 1.9944 2.0066 2.0186 2.0306 2.0425 2.0544 2.0661 2.0778 2.0894 2.1009 2.1124 2.1238 2.1351 —

— — 0.4609 0.4722 0.4834 0.4946 0.5058 0.5170 0.5282 0.5393 0.5505 0.5616 0.5728 0.5839 0.5950 0.6061 0.6172 0.6283 0.6394 0.6505 0.6616 0.6727 0.6838 0.6949 0.7060 0.7170 0.7281 0.7392 0.7502 0.7613 0.7723 0.7834 0.7944

— — 346.2 349.3 352.4 355.5 358.7 361.9 365.1 368.4 371.7 375.1 378.5 381.9 385.3 388.8 392.3 395.9 399.5 403.1 406.8 410.5 414.2 418.0 421.8 425.6 429.5 433.4 437.3 441.2 445.2 449.3 453.3

— — 1.7452 1.7594 1.7735 1.7874 1.8012 1.8148 1.8283 1.8416 1.8549 1.8680 1.8810 1.8938 1.9066 1.9193 1.9318 1.9443 1.9566 1.9689 1.9811 1.9932 2.0052 2.0171 2.0289 2.0407 2.0524 2.0640 2.0755 2.0869 2.0983 2.1097 2.1209

–70 –65 –60 –55 –50 –45 –40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90

TEMP. °C

1.7782 1.7928 1.8071 1.8213 1.8353 1.8492 1.8629 1.8765 1.8899 1.9032 1.9164 1.9295 1.9424 1.9553 1.9680 1.9807 1.9932 2.0056 2.0180 2.0302 2.0424 2.0544 2.0664 2.0783 2.0902 2.1019 2.1136 2.1252 2.1367 2.1481 2.1595 — —

— 0.6020 0.6169 0.6318 0.6467 0.6615 0.6764 0.6912 0.7060 0.7209 0.7357 0.7505 0.7653 0.7801 0.7948 0.8096 0.8244 0.8391 0.8539 0.8687 0.8834 0.8982 0.9129 0.9276 0.9424 0.9571 0.9718 0.9865 1.0013 1.0160 1.0307 1.0454 —

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

(–58.57°C)

(–55.22°C)

(–52.29°C)

(–49.68°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.3699)

(346.9)

(1.7292)

(0.3122)

(348.8)

(1.7222)

(0.2705)

(350.4)

(1.7165)

(0.2388)

(351.9)

(1.7116)

0.3764 0.3854 0.3944 0.4034 0.4124 0.4214 0.4304 0.4393 0.4483 0.4572 0.4662 0.4751 0.4840 0.4929 0.5019 0.5108 0.5197 0.5286 0.5375 0.5463 0.5552 0.5641 0.5730 0.5819 0.5907 0.5996 0.6085 0.6173 0.6262 0.6350 0.6439 — —

349.1 352.2 355.3 358.5 361.7 365.0 368.3 371.6 374.9 378.3 381.7 385.2 388.7 392.2 395.8 399.4 403.0 406.7 410.4 414.1 417.9 421.7 425.5 429.4 433.3 437.2 441.2 445.1 449.2 453.2 457.3 — —

1.7393 1.7534 1.7674 1.7812 1.7948 1.8083 1.8217 1.8349 1.8480 1.8610 1.8739 1.8867 1.8994 1.9119 1.9244 1.9368 1.9491 1.9612 1.9733 1.9854 1.9973 2.0091 2.0209 2.0326 2.0442 2.0557 2.0672 2.0786 2.0899 2.1012 2.1123 — —

0.3125 0.3201 0.3277 0.3352 0.3427 0.3503 0.3578 0.3653 0.3727 0.3802 0.3877 0.3952 0.4026 0.4101 0.4175 0.4250 0.4324 0.4399 0.4473 0.4547 0.4621 0.4695 0.4770 0.4844 0.4918 0.4992 0.5066 0.5140 0.5214 0.5288 0.5362 — —

348.9 352.0 355.2 358.4 361.6 364.8 368.1 371.4 374.8 378.2 381.6 385.1 388.6 392.1 395.7 399.3 402.9 406.6 410.3 414.0 417.8 421.6 425.4 429.3 433.2 437.1 441.1 445.1 449.1 453.2 457.2 — —

— 351.8 355.0 358.2 361.4 364.7 368.0 371.3 374.7 378.1 381.5 385.0 388.5 392.0 395.6 399.2 402.8 406.5 410.2 413.9 417.7 421.5 425.3 429.2 433.1 437.0 441.0 445.0 449.0 453.1 457.2 461.3 —

— 1.7229 1.7369 1.7507 1.7644 1.7780 1.7914 1.8047 1.8178 1.8309 1.8438 1.8566 1.8693 1.8819 1.8944 1.9067 1.9190 1.9312 1.9434 1.9554 1.9673 1.9792 1.9910 2.0027 2.0143 2.0258 2.0373 2.0487 2.0601 2.0713 2.0825 2.0936 —

— — 0.2442 0.2499 0.2556 0.2613 0.2670 0.2726 0.2783 0.2840 0.2896 0.2952 0.3009 0.3065 0.3121 0.3177 0.3234 0.3290 0.3346 0.3402 0.3458 0.3513 0.3569 0.3625 0.3681 0.3737 0.3792 0.3848 0.3904 0.3959 0.4015 0.4070 0.4126

— — 354.8 358.0 361.3 364.5 367.8 371.2 374.5 377.9 381.4 384.8 388.3 391.9 395.4 399.0 402.7 406.4 410.1 413.8 417.6 421.4 425.2 429.1 433.0 436.9 440.9 444.9 448.9 453.0 457.1 461.2 465.4

— — 1.7247 1.7386 1.7523 1.7659 1.7793 1.7926 1.8058 1.8188 1.8317 1.8446 1.8573 1.8699 1.8824 1.8948 1.9071 1.9193 1.9314 1.9435 1.9554 1.9673 1.9791 1.9908 2.0024 2.0140 2.0254 2.0368 2.0482 2.0594 2.0706 2.0818 2.0928

1.7228 1.7369 1.7509 1.7647 1.7784 1.7919 1.8053 1.8186 1.8317 1.8447 1.8576 1.8704 1.8831 1.8957 1.9081 1.9205 1.9328 1.9450 1.9571 1.9691 1.9811 1.9929 2.0047 2.0164 2.0280 2.0396 2.0510 2.0624 2.0737 2.0850 2.0962 — —

— 0.2735 0.2800 0.2865 0.2929 0.2994 0.3059 0.3123 0.3188 0.3252 0.3317 0.3381 0.3445 0.3509 0.3573 0.3637 0.3701 0.3765 0.3829 0.3893 0.3956 0.4020 0.4084 0.4147 0.4211 0.4275 0.4338 0.4402 0.4465 0.4529 0.4592 0.4655 —

7

–55 –50 –45 –40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105






TEMP. °C –45 –40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

TEMP. °C

–40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115

90.0

100.0

101.325

110.0

(–47.31°C)

(–45.14°C)

(–44.87°C)

(–43.14°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.2140)

(353.2)

(1.7074)

(0.1939)

(354.4)

(1.7038)

(0.1916)

(354.6)

(1.7033)

(0.1774)

(355.5)

(1.7005)

0.2163 0.2215 0.2265 0.2316 0.2367 0.2418 0.2468 0.2519 0.2569 0.2619 0.2670 0.2720 0.2770 0.2820 0.2870 0.2920 0.2970 0.3020 0.3070 0.3119 0.3169 0.3219 0.3269 0.3318 0.3368 0.3417 0.3467 0.3517 0.3566 0.3616 0.3665 —

354.7 357.9 361.1 364.4 367.7 371.0 374.4 377.8 381.2 384.7 388.2 391.7 395.3 398.9 402.6 406.2 410.0 413.7 417.5 421.3 425.1 429.0 432.9 436.8 440.8 444.8 448.8 452.9 457.0 461.1 465.3 —

1.7139 1.7278 1.7415 1.7551 1.7686 1.7819 1.7951 1.8081 1.8211 1.8339 1.8466 1.8592 1.8718 1.8842 1.8965 1.9087 1.9208 1.9329 1.9449 1.9567 1.9685 1.9802 1.9919 2.0034 2.0149 2.0263 2.0377 2.0490 2.0602 2.0713 2.0824 —

0.1941 0.1987 0.2033 0.2079 0.2125 0.2171 0.2216 0.2262 0.2307 0.2353 0.2398 0.2444 0.2489 0.2534 0.2579 0.2624 0.2669 0.2714 0.2759 0.2804 0.2849 0.2894 0.2939 0.2983 0.3028 0.3073 0.3118 0.3162 0.3207 0.3252 0.3296 —

354.5 357.7 360.9 364.2 367.5 370.9 374.2 377.7 381.1 384.6 388.1 391.6 395.2 398.8 402.5 406.1 409.8 413.6 417.4 421.2 425.0 428.9 432.8 436.7 440.7 444.7 448.8 452.8 456.9 461.1 465.2 —

— 357.7 360.9 364.2 367.5 370.8 374.2 377.6 381.1 384.6 388.1 391.6 395.2 398.8 402.4 406.1 409.8 413.6 417.4 421.2 425.0 428.9 432.8 436.7 440.7 444.7 448.8 452.8 456.9 461.0 465.2 469.4

— 1.7169 1.7307 1.7443 1.7577 1.7711 1.7843 1.7974 1.8103 1.8232 1.8359 1.8485 1.8611 1.8735 1.8858 1.8980 1.9102 1.9222 1.9342 1.9461 1.9579 1.9696 1.9813 1.9928 2.0043 2.0158 2.0271 2.0384 2.0496 2.0607 2.0718 2.0828

— 0.1801 0.1843 0.1885 0.1927 0.1969 0.2010 0.2052 0.2093 0.2135 0.2176 0.2218 0.2259 0.2300 0.2341 0.2382 0.2423 0.2464 0.2505 0.2546 0.2587 0.2628 0.2669 0.2710 0.2750 0.2791 0.2832 0.2872 0.2913 0.2954 0.2994 0.3035

— 357.5 360.8 364.1 367.4 370.7 374.1 377.5 381.0 384.4 388.0 391.5 395.1 398.7 402.3 406.0 409.7 413.5 417.3 421.1 424.9 428.8 432.7 436.7 440.6 444.6 448.7 452.7 456.8 461.0 465.1 469.3

— 1.7093 1.7231 1.7367 1.7502 1.7635 1.7768 1.7899 1.8028 1.8157 1.8284 1.8411 1.8536 1.8660 1.8784 1.8906 1.9028 1.9148 1.9268 1.9387 1.9505 1.9623 1.9739 1.9855 1.9970 2.0084 2.0198 2.0310 2.0422 2.0534 2.0645 2.0755

–45 –40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

TEMP. °C

1.7042 1.7181 1.7319 1.7455 1.7589 1.7723 1.7855 1.7986 1.8115 1.8244 1.8371 1.8497 1.8622 1.8747 1.8870 1.8992 1.9114 1.9234 1.9354 1.9473 1.9591 1.9708 1.9824 1.9940 2.0055 2.0169 2.0283 2.0396 2.0508 2.0619 2.0730 —

— 0.1960 0.2006 0.2051 0.2096 0.2142 0.2187 0.2232 0.2277 0.2322 0.2366 0.2411 0.2456 0.2500 0.2545 0.2589 0.2634 0.2678 0.2723 0.2767 0.2811 0.2856 0.2900 0.2944 0.2988 0.3032 0.3077 0.3121 0.3165 0.3209 0.3253 0.3297

120.0

130.0

140.0

150.0

(–41.28°C)

(–39.54°C)

(–37.89°C)

(–36.34°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.1636)

(356.5)

(1.6976)

(0.1518)

(357.5)

(1.6950)

(0.1416)

(358.4)

(1.6926)

(0.1327)

(359.3)

(1.6904)

0.1646 0.1684 0.1723 0.1762 0.1800 0.1838 0.1877 0.1915 0.1953 0.1991 0.2029 0.2067 0.2105 0.2143 0.2181 0.2218 0.2256 0.2294 0.2331 0.2369 0.2406 0.2444 0.2481 0.2519 0.2556 0.2594 0.2631 0.2668 0.2706 0.2743 0.2780 —

357.4 360.6 363.9 367.2 370.6 374.0 377.4 380.8 384.3 387.8 391.4 395.0 398.6 402.2 405.9 409.6 413.4 417.2 421.0 424.8 428.7 432.6 436.6 440.5 444.6 448.6 452.7 456.8 460.9 465.1 469.3 —

1.7012 1.7150 1.7287 1.7422 1.7555 1.7688 1.7819 1.7949 1.8078 1.8205 1.8332 1.8457 1.8582 1.8705 1.8828 1.8949 1.9070 1.9190 1.9309 1.9427 1.9544 1.9661 1.9777 1.9892 2.0006 2.0120 2.0232 2.0345 2.0456 2.0567 2.0677 —

— 0.1550 0.1586 0.1622 0.1658 0.1693 0.1729 0.1764 0.1799 0.1835 0.1870 0.1905 0.1940 0.1975 0.2010 0.2045 0.2080 0.2115 0.2149 0.2184 0.2219 0.2254 0.2288 0.2323 0.2357 0.2392 0.2427 0.2461 0.2496 0.2530 0.2564 0.2599

— 360.5 363.8 367.1 370.4 373.8 377.2 380.7 384.2 387.7 391.3 394.9 398.5 402.1 405.8 409.5 413.3 417.1 420.9 424.7 428.6 432.5 436.5 440.5 444.5 448.5 452.6 456.7 460.8 465.0 469.2 473.4

— 360.3 363.6 366.9 370.3 373.7 377.1 380.6 384.1 387.6 391.1 394.7 398.4 402.0 405.7 409.4 413.2 417.0 420.8 424.6 428.5 432.4 436.4 440.4 444.4 448.4 452.5 456.6 460.7 464.9 469.1 473.3

— 1.7006 1.7143 1.7278 1.7412 1.7545 1.7677 1.7807 1.7936 1.8064 1.8191 1.8316 1.8441 1.8565 1.8687 1.8809 1.8930 1.9050 1.9169 1.9288 1.9405 1.9522 1.9638 1.9753 1.9867 1.9981 2.0094 2.0206 2.0318 2.0429 2.0539 2.0649

— 0.1336 0.1367 0.1398 0.1429 0.1461 0.1492 0.1522 0.1553 0.1584 0.1615 0.1645 0.1676 0.1706 0.1737 0.1767 0.1798 0.1828 0.1858 0.1889 0.1919 0.1949 0.1979 0.2009 0.2039 0.2070 0.2100 0.2130 0.2160 0.2190 0.2219 0.2249

— 360.1 363.4 366.8 370.1 373.5 377.0 380.4 383.9 387.5 391.0 394.6 398.2 401.9 405.6 409.3 413.1 416.9 420.7 424.5 428.4 432.4 436.3 440.3 444.3 448.3 452.4 456.5 460.7 464.8 469.0 473.3

— 1.6941 1.7078 1.7214 1.7348 1.7481 1.7613 1.7743 1.7872 1.8000 1.8127 1.8253 1.8378 1.8502 1.8625 1.8746 1.8867 1.8988 1.9107 1.9225 1.9343 1.9459 1.9575 1.9691 1.9805 1.9919 2.0032 2.0144 2.0256 2.0367 2.0477 2.0587

— 1.7075 1.7212 1.7347 1.7481 1.7614 1.7745 1.7875 1.8004 1.8132 1.8259 1.8384 1.8509 1.8632 1.8755 1.8877 1.8997 1.9117 1.9236 1.9355 1.9472 1.9589 1.9705 1.9820 1.9934 2.0048 2.0161 2.0273 2.0384 2.0495 2.0605 2.0715

— 0.1435 0.1469 0.1502 0.1535 0.1569 0.1602 0.1635 0.1668 0.1700 0.1733 0.1766 0.1799 0.1831 0.1864 0.1896 0.1929 0.1961 0.1994 0.2026 0.2058 0.2090 0.2123 0.2155 0.2187 0.2219 0.2251 0.2283 0.2316 0.2348 0.2380 0.2412

8

–40 –35 –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115






TEMP. °C –30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

160.0

170.0

180.0

190.0

(–34.87°C)

(–33.46°C)

(–32.12°C)

(–30.83°C)

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.1249)

(360.1)

(1.6884)

(0.1180)

(360.8)

(1.6865)

(0.1118)

(361.6)

(1.6847)

(0.1063)

(362.2)

(1.6831)

0.1278 0.1307 0.1337 0.1366 0.1395 0.1424 0.1453 0.1482 0.1511 0.1540 0.1569 0.1597 0.1626 0.1655 0.1683 0.1712 0.1740 0.1769 0.1797 0.1825 0.1854 0.1882 0.1910 0.1939 0.1967 0.1995 0.2023 0.2051 0.2079 0.2107 0.2135

363.3 366.6 370.0 373.4 376.8 380.3 383.8 387.3 390.9 394.5 398.1 401.8 405.5 409.2 413.0 416.8 420.6 424.5 428.3 432.3 436.2 440.2 444.2 448.3 452.3 456.5 460.6 464.8 469.0 473.2 477.4

1.7017 1.7153 1.7288 1.7421 1.7553 1.7683 1.7813 1.7941 1.8068 1.8194 1.8319 1.8443 1.8566 1.8687 1.8809 1.8929 1.9048 1.9167 1.9284 1.9401 1.9517 1.9632 1.9747 1.9861 1.9974 2.0086 2.0198 2.0309 2.0419 2.0529 2.0638

0.1199 0.1227 0.1255 0.1283 0.1310 0.1338 0.1365 0.1392 0.1420 0.1447 0.1474 0.1501 0.1528 0.1555 0.1582 0.1609 0.1636 0.1663 0.1689 0.1716 0.1743 0.1770 0.1796 0.1823 0.1850 0.1876 0.1903 0.1929 0.1956 0.1982 0.2009

363.1 366.5 369.8 373.2 376.7 380.2 383.7 387.2 390.8 394.4 398.0 401.7 405.4 409.1 412.9 416.7 420.5 424.4 428.2 432.2 436.1 440.1 444.1 448.2 452.3 456.4 460.5 464.7 468.9 473.1 477.4

363.0 366.3 369.7 373.1 376.6 380.0 383.5 387.1 390.7 394.3 397.9 401.6 405.3 409.0 412.8 416.6 420.4 424.3 428.2 432.1 436.0 440.0 444.0 448.1 452.2 456.3 460.4 464.6 468.8 473.0 477.3

1.6906 1.7042 1.7177 1.7310 1.7443 1.7573 1.7703 1.7831 1.7959 1.8085 1.8210 1.8334 1.8457 1.8579 1.8701 1.8821 1.8941 1.9059 1.9177 1.9294 1.9410 1.9526 1.9640 1.9754 1.9867 1.9980 2.0092 2.0203 2.0313 2.0423 2.0532

0.1067 0.1092 0.1117 0.1142 0.1167 0.1192 0.1216 0.1241 0.1266 0.1290 0.1315 0.1339 0.1363 0.1388 0.1412 0.1436 0.1460 0.1484 0.1508 0.1532 0.1556 0.1580 0.1604 0.1628 0.1652 0.1676 0.1700 0.1724 0.1747 0.1771 0.1795

362.8 366.2 369.5 373.0 376.4 379.9 383.4 387.0 390.5 394.1 397.8 401.4 405.2 408.9 412.7 416.5 420.3 424.2 428.1 432.0 435.9 439.9 444.0 448.0 452.1 456.2 460.4 464.5 468.7 473.0 477.2

1.6854 1.6990 1.7125 1.7259 1.7392 1.7523 1.7652 1.7781 1.7908 1.8035 1.8160 1.8284 1.8407 1.8530 1.8651 1.8771 1.8891 1.9010 1.9128 1.9245 1.9361 1.9476 1.9591 1.9705 1.9818 1.9931 2.0043 2.0154 2.0264 2.0374 2.0483

–30 –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

TEMP. °C

200.0 TEMP. °C

–25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125

TEMP. °C

V

1.6960 1.7096 1.7231 1.7364 1.7496 1.7627 1.7756 1.7885 1.8012 1.8138 1.8263 1.8387 1.8510 1.8632 1.8753 1.8873 1.8993 1.9111 1.9229 1.9346 1.9462 1.9577 1.9692 1.9806 1.9919 2.0031 2.0143 2.0254 2.0365 2.0474 2.0583

0.1129 0.1156 0.1182 0.1208 0.1235 0.1261 0.1287 0.1313 0.1338 0.1364 0.1390 0.1416 0.1441 0.1467 0.1492 0.1518 0.1543 0.1569 0.1594 0.1619 0.1644 0.1670 0.1695 0.1720 0.1745 0.1770 0.1796 0.1821 0.1846 0.1871 0.1896

210.0

(–29.60°C)

220.0

(–28.41°C)

230.0

(–27.26°C)

(–26.16°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.1012)

(362.9)

(1.6816)

(0.0967)

(363.5)

(1.6801)

(0.0925)

(364.2)

(1.6787)

(0.0887)

(364.7)

(1.6774)

0.1035 0.1059 0.1082 0.1106 0.1130 0.1153 0.1177 0.1200 0.1224 0.1247 0.1270 0.1293 0.1316 0.1339 0.1363 0.1386 0.1408 0.1431 0.1454 0.1477 0.1500 0.1523 0.1545 0.1568 0.1591 0.1614 0.1636 0.1659 0.1681 0.1704 0.1727

366.0 369.4 372.8 376.3 379.8 383.3 386.8 390.4 394.0 397.7 401.3 405.0 408.8 412.6 416.4 420.2 424.1 428.0 431.9 435.9 439.9 443.9 447.9 452.0 456.1 460.3 464.5 468.7 472.9 477.2 481.5

1.6941 1.7077 1.7210 1.7343 1.7474 1.7604 1.7733 1.7861 1.7987 1.8112 1.8237 1.8360 1.8482 1.8604 1.8724 1.8844 1.8963 1.9081 1.9198 1.9314 1.9430 1.9544 1.9658 1.9772 1.9884 1.9996 2.0107 2.0218 2.0328 2.0437 2.0545

0.0983 0.1005 0.1028 0.1051 0.1074 0.1096 0.1119 0.1141 0.1163 0.1186 0.1208 0.1230 0.1252 0.1274 0.1296 0.1318 0.1340 0.1362 0.1384 0.1405 0.1427 0.1449 0.1471 0.1492 0.1514 0.1536 0.1557 0.1579 0.1600 0.1622 0.1643

365.8 369.2 372.7 376.1 379.6 383.1 386.7 390.3 393.9 397.5 401.2 404.9 408.7 412.5 416.3 420.1 424.0 427.9 431.8 435.8 439.8 443.8 447.8 451.9 456.1 460.2 464.4 468.6 472.8 477.1 481.4

365.7 369.1 372.5 376.0 379.5 383.0 386.6 390.2 393.8 397.4 401.1 404.8 408.6 412.3 416.2 420.0 423.9 427.8 431.7 435.7 439.7 443.7 447.8 451.9 456.0 460.1 464.3 468.5 472.8 477.0 481.3

1.6849 1.6985 1.7119 1.7253 1.7384 1.7514 1.7643 1.7771 1.7898 1.8023 1.8148 1.8271 1.8394 1.8516 1.8636 1.8756 1.8875 1.8993 1.9110 1.9227 1.9343 1.9457 1.9572 1.9685 1.9798 1.9910 2.0021 2.0132 2.0241 2.0351 2.0459

0.0892 0.0913 0.0934 0.0955 0.0976 0.0997 0.1017 0.1038 0.1058 0.1079 0.1099 0.1120 0.1140 0.1160 0.1180 0.1200 0.1221 0.1241 0.1261 0.1281 0.1301 0.1320 0.1340 0.1360 0.1380 0.1400 0.1420 0.1439 0.1459 0.1479 0.1499

365.5 368.9 372.4 375.9 379.4 382.9 386.4 390.0 393.7 397.3 401.0 404.7 408.5 412.2 416.1 419.9 423.8 427.7 431.6 435.6 439.6 443.6 447.7 451.8 455.9 460.0 464.2 468.4 472.7 477.0 481.2

1.6806 1.6942 1.7077 1.7210 1.7342 1.7472 1.7601 1.7729 1.7856 1.7982 1.8106 1.8230 1.8353 1.8474 1.8595 1.8715 1.8834 1.8952 1.9070 1.9186 1.9302 1.9417 1.9531 1.9644 1.9757 1.9869 1.9981 2.0091 2.0201 2.0310 2.0419

1.6894 1.7030 1.7164 1.7297 1.7428 1.7558 1.7687 1.7815 1.7941 1.8067 1.8191 1.8315 1.8437 1.8559 1.8679 1.8799 1.8918 1.9036 1.9153 1.9270 1.9385 1.9500 1.9614 1.9727 1.9840 1.9952 2.0063 2.0174 2.0284 2.0393 2.0501

0.0935 0.0957 0.0979 0.1001 0.1023 0.1044 0.1066 0.1087 0.1108 0.1130 0.1151 0.1172 0.1193 0.1214 0.1236 0.1257 0.1277 0.1298 0.1319 0.1340 0.1361 0.1382 0.1403 0.1423 0.1444 0.1465 0.1485 0.1506 0.1527 0.1547 0.1568

9

–25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125






TEMP. °C –25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130

TEMP. °C

–20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

240.0

250.0

260.0

270.0

(–25.09°C)

(–24.06°C)

(–23.05°C)

(–22.08°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0852)

(365.3)

(1.6762)

(0.0820)

(365.9)

(1.6750)

(0.0790)

(366.4)

(1.6739)

(0.0762)

(366.9)

(1.6729)

0.0853 0.0873 0.0893 0.0913 0.0933 0.0953 0.0973 0.0993 0.1013 0.1032 0.1052 0.1071 0.1091 0.1110 0.1130 0.1149 0.1168 0.1188 0.1207 0.1226 0.1245 0.1264 0.1283 0.1302 0.1322 0.1341 0.1360 0.1379 0.1398 0.1416 0.1435 —

365.4 368.8 372.2 375.7 379.2 382.7 386.3 389.9 393.5 397.2 400.9 404.6 408.4 412.1 415.9 419.8 423.7 427.6 431.5 435.5 439.5 443.5 447.6 451.7 455.8 460.0 464.2 468.4 472.6 476.9 481.2 —

1.6765 1.6901 1.7035 1.7169 1.7301 1.7431 1.7561 1.7689 1.7816 1.7942 1.8066 1.8190 1.8313 1.8435 1.8556 1.8676 1.8795 1.8913 1.9030 1.9147 1.9263 1.9378 1.9492 1.9606 1.9718 1.9830 1.9942 2.0052 2.0163 2.0272 2.0381 —

— 0.0836 0.0855 0.0875 0.0894 0.0913 0.0932 0.0951 0.0970 0.0989 0.1008 0.1027 0.1046 0.1064 0.1083 0.1102 0.1120 0.1139 0.1157 0.1176 0.1194 0.1213 0.1231 0.1249 0.1268 0.1286 0.1304 0.1322 0.1341 0.1359 0.1377 0.1395

— 368.6 372.1 375.6 379.1 382.6 386.2 389.8 393.4 397.1 400.8 404.5 408.2 412.0 415.8 419.7 423.6 427.5 431.4 435.4 439.4 443.4 447.5 451.6 455.7 459.9 464.1 468.3 472.5 476.8 481.1 485.4

— 368.5 371.9 375.4 378.9 382.5 386.0 389.7 393.3 397.0 400.6 404.4 408.1 411.9 415.7 419.6 423.5 427.4 431.3 435.3 439.3 443.4 447.4 451.5 455.7 459.8 464.0 468.2 472.5 476.7 481.0 485.4

— 1.6823 1.6958 1.7092 1.7224 1.7355 1.7484 1.7613 1.7740 1.7866 1.7991 1.8115 1.8238 1.8360 1.8481 1.8601 1.8720 1.8839 1.8956 1.9073 1.9189 1.9304 1.9419 1.9532 1.9645 1.9757 1.9869 1.9980 2.0090 2.0199 2.0308 2.0416

— 0.0770 0.0788 0.0806 0.0824 0.0842 0.0860 0.0878 0.0895 0.0913 0.0931 0.0948 0.0965 0.0983 0.1000 0.1018 0.1035 0.1052 0.1069 0.1087 0.1104 0.1121 0.1138 0.1155 0.1172 0.1189 0.1206 0.1223 0.1240 0.1257 0.1274 0.1290

— 368.3 371.8 375.3 378.8 382.3 385.9 389.5 393.2 396.8 400.5 404.3 408.0 411.8 415.6 419.5 423.4 427.3 431.2 435.2 439.2 443.3 447.3 451.4 455.6 459.7 463.9 468.1 472.4 476.7 481.0 485.3

— 1.6785 1.6921 1.7055 1.7187 1.7318 1.7448 1.7577 1.7704 1.7830 1.7955 1.8079 1.8203 1.8325 1.8446 1.8566 1.8685 1.8804 1.8921 1.9038 1.9154 1.9269 1.9384 1.9497 1.9610 1.9723 1.9834 1.9945 2.0055 2.0165 2.0273 2.0382

–25 –20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130

TEMP. °C

— 1.6861 1.6996 1.7130 1.7262 1.7392 1.7522 1.7650 1.7777 1.7903 1.8028 1.8152 1.8275 1.8397 1.8518 1.8638 1.8757 1.8875 1.8993 1.9109 1.9225 1.9340 1.9455 1.9568 1.9681 1.9793 1.9905 2.0015 2.0125 2.0235 2.0343 2.0452

— 0.0801 0.0820 0.0839 0.0858 0.0876 0.0895 0.0913 0.0931 0.0950 0.0968 0.0986 0.1004 0.1022 0.1040 0.1058 0.1076 0.1094 0.1112 0.1129 0.1147 0.1165 0.1183 0.1200 0.1218 0.1236 0.1253 0.1271 0.1288 0.1306 0.1323 0.1341

280.0

290.0

300.0

310.0

(–21.13°C)

(–20.21°C)

(–19.31°C)

(–18.44°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0736)

(367.4)

(1.6718)

(0.0712)

(367.9)

(1.6709)

(0.0689)

(368.3)

(1.6699)

(0.0668)

(368.8)

(1.6690)

0.0740 0.0758 0.0775 0.0793 0.0810 0.0827 0.0845 0.0862 0.0879 0.0896 0.0913 0.0930 0.0947 0.0963 0.0980 0.0997 0.1013 0.1030 0.1047 0.1063 0.1080 0.1096 0.1113 0.1129 0.1146 0.1162 0.1178 0.1195 0.1211 0.1227 0.1244 —

368.2 371.6 375.1 378.7 382.2 385.8 389.4 393.0 396.7 400.4 404.1 407.9 411.7 415.5 419.4 423.3 427.2 431.2 435.1 439.1 443.2 447.3 451.4 455.5 459.7 463.8 468.1 472.3 476.6 480.9 485.2 —

1.6749 1.6885 1.7019 1.7152 1.7283 1.7413 1.7542 1.7669 1.7796 1.7921 1.8045 1.8168 1.8290 1.8412 1.8532 1.8651 1.8770 1.8888 1.9004 1.9121 1.9236 1.9350 1.9464 1.9577 1.9689 1.9801 1.9912 2.0022 2.0131 2.0240 2.0348 —

0.0713 0.0730 0.0747 0.0764 0.0781 0.0797 0.0814 0.0831 0.0847 0.0864 0.0880 0.0896 0.0913 0.0929 0.0945 0.0961 0.0977 0.0993 0.1010 0.1026 0.1042 0.1058 0.1073 0.1089 0.1105 0.1121 0.1137 0.1153 0.1168 0.1184 0.1200 —

368.0 371.5 375.0 378.5 382.1 385.7 389.3 392.9 396.6 400.3 404.0 407.8 411.6 415.4 419.3 423.2 427.1 431.1 435.0 439.1 443.1 447.2 451.3 455.4 459.6 463.8 468.0 472.2 476.5 480.8 485.2 —

— 371.3 374.8 378.4 381.9 385.5 389.1 392.8 396.5 400.2 403.9 407.7 411.5 415.3 419.2 423.1 427.0 431.0 435.0 439.0 443.0 447.1 451.2 455.3 459.5 463.7 467.9 472.2 476.4 480.8 485.1 489.5

— 1.6817 1.6952 1.7084 1.7216 1.7346 1.7475 1.7603 1.7730 1.7855 1.7979 1.8103 1.8225 1.8347 1.8467 1.8587 1.8705 1.8823 1.8940 1.9056 1.9172 1.9286 1.9400 1.9513 1.9626 1.9737 1.9848 1.9959 2.0068 2.0177 2.0286 2.0393

— 0.0679 0.0695 0.0711 0.0727 0.0743 0.0759 0.0774 0.0790 0.0805 0.0821 0.0836 0.0851 0.0867 0.0882 0.0897 0.0912 0.0927 0.0942 0.0958 0.0973 0.0988 0.1002 0.1017 0.1032 0.1047 0.1062 0.1077 0.1092 0.1106 0.1121 0.1136

— 371.2 374.7 378.2 381.8 385.4 389.0 392.7 396.4 400.1 403.8 407.6 411.4 415.2 419.1 423.0 426.9 430.9 434.9 438.9 442.9 447.0 451.1 455.3 459.4 463.6 467.8 472.1 476.4 480.7 485.0 489.4

— 1.6784 1.6919 1.7052 1.7184 1.7314 1.7443 1.7571 1.7698 1.7824 1.7948 1.8072 1.8194 1.8316 1.8436 1.8556 1.8675 1.8793 1.8910 1.9026 1.9141 1.9256 1.9370 1.9483 1.9596 1.9707 1.9818 1.9929 2.0038 2.0147 2.0256 2.0363

1.6714 1.6850 1.6985 1.7118 1.7249 1.7379 1.7508 1.7636 1.7762 1.7887 1.8012 1.8135 1.8257 1.8379 1.8499 1.8619 1.8737 1.8855 1.8972 1.9088 1.9203 1.9318 1.9432 1.9545 1.9657 1.9769 1.9880 1.9990 2.0099 2.0208 2.0316 —

— 0.0704 0.0720 0.0737 0.0753 0.0769 0.0785 0.0801 0.0817 0.0833 0.0849 0.0865 0.0881 0.0897 0.0912 0.0928 0.0944 0.0959 0.0975 0.0990 0.1006 0.1021 0.1037 0.1052 0.1068 0.1083 0.1098 0.1114 0.1129 0.1144 0.1159 0.1175

10

–20 –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135






TEMP. °C –15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

320.0

330.0

340.0

350.0

(–17.59°C)

(–16.75°C)

(–15.94°C)

(–15.14°C)

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0648)

(369.2)

(1.6682)

(0.0629)

(369.6)

(1.6673)

(0.0612)

(370.0)

(1.6665)

(0.0595)

(370.5)

(1.6658)

0.0656 0.0672 0.0687 0.0703 0.0718 0.0733 0.0749 0.0764 0.0779 0.0794 0.0809 0.0824 0.0839 0.0853 0.0868 0.0883 0.0897 0.0912 0.0927 0.0941 0.0956 0.0970 0.0985 0.0999 0.1014 0.1028 0.1043 0.1057 0.1071 0.1086 0.1100

371.0 374.5 378.1 381.7 385.3 388.9 392.5 396.2 399.9 403.7 407.5 411.3 415.1 419.0 422.9 426.8 430.8 434.8 438.8 442.8 446.9 451.0 455.2 459.3 463.5 467.8 472.0 476.3 480.6 485.0 489.3

1.6752 1.6888 1.7021 1.7153 1.7283 1.7413 1.7541 1.7667 1.7793 1.7918 1.8041 1.8164 1.8286 1.8406 1.8526 1.8645 1.8763 1.8880 1.8996 1.9112 1.9227 1.9341 1.9454 1.9566 1.9678 1.9789 1.9899 2.0009 2.0118 2.0226 2.0334

0.0635 0.0650 0.0665 0.0680 0.0695 0.0710 0.0725 0.0739 0.0754 0.0769 0.0783 0.0798 0.0812 0.0826 0.0841 0.0855 0.0869 0.0884 0.0898 0.0912 0.0926 0.0940 0.0954 0.0968 0.0982 0.0996 0.1010 0.1024 0.1038 0.1052 0.1066

370.9 374.4 377.9 381.5 385.1 388.8 392.4 396.1 399.8 403.6 407.4 411.2 415.0 418.9 422.8 426.7 430.7 434.7 438.7 442.8 446.8 450.9 455.1 459.3 463.5 467.7 471.9 476.2 480.5 484.9 489.3

370.7 374.3 377.8 381.4 385.0 388.6 392.3 396.0 399.7 403.5 407.3 411.1 414.9 418.8 422.7 426.6 430.6 434.6 438.6 442.7 446.8 450.9 455.0 459.2 463.4 467.6 471.9 476.2 480.5 484.8 489.2

1.6691 1.6827 1.6961 1.7093 1.7224 1.7353 1.7482 1.7609 1.7735 1.7860 1.7983 1.8106 1.8228 1.8349 1.8469 1.8588 1.8706 1.8823 1.8940 1.9055 1.9170 1.9284 1.9398 1.9510 1.9622 1.9733 1.9844 1.9953 2.0062 2.0171 2.0279

0.0595 0.0610 0.0624 0.0638 0.0653 0.0667 0.0681 0.0695 0.0709 0.0722 0.0736 0.0750 0.0764 0.0777 0.0791 0.0804 0.0818 0.0831 0.0845 0.0858 0.0872 0.0885 0.0898 0.0912 0.0925 0.0938 0.0951 0.0964 0.0978 0.0991 0.1004

370.6 374.1 377.7 381.2 384.9 388.5 392.2 395.9 399.6 403.4 407.1 411.0 414.8 418.7 422.6 426.5 430.5 434.5 438.5 442.6 446.7 450.8 454.9 459.1 463.3 467.5 471.8 476.1 480.4 484.8 489.1

1.6661 1.6798 1.6932 1.7064 1.7195 1.7325 1.7453 1.7580 1.7707 1.7832 1.7956 1.8078 1.8200 1.8321 1.8441 1.8560 1.8679 1.8796 1.8912 1.9028 1.9143 1.9257 1.9371 1.9483 1.9595 1.9706 1.9817 1.9927 2.0036 2.0144 2.0252

–15 –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

TEMP. °C

360.0 TEMP. °C

–10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140

TEMP. °C

V

1.6721 1.6857 1.6990 1.7122 1.7253 1.7382 1.7511 1.7638 1.7764 1.7888 1.8012 1.8135 1.8256 1.8377 1.8497 1.8616 1.8734 1.8851 1.8968 1.9083 1.9198 1.9312 1.9425 1.9538 1.9650 1.9761 1.9871 1.9981 2.0090 2.0198 2.0306

0.0614 0.0629 0.0644 0.0659 0.0673 0.0688 0.0702 0.0716 0.0731 0.0745 0.0759 0.0773 0.0787 0.0801 0.0815 0.0829 0.0843 0.0857 0.0871 0.0884 0.0898 0.0912 0.0925 0.0939 0.0953 0.0966 0.0980 0.0993 0.1007 0.1020 0.1034

370.0

(–14.36°C)

380.0

(–13.60°C)

390.0

(–12.85°C)

(–12.11°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0579)

(370.9)

(1.6651)

(0.0564)

(371.3)

(1.6644)

(0.0550)

(371.6)

(1.6637)

(0.0536)

(372.0)

(1.6630)

0.0591 0.0605 0.0619 0.0633 0.0647 0.0661 0.0674 0.0688 0.0701 0.0715 0.0728 0.0741 0.0755 0.0768 0.0781 0.0794 0.0807 0.0821 0.0834 0.0847 0.0860 0.0873 0.0886 0.0898 0.0911 0.0924 0.0937 0.0950 0.0963 0.0975 0.0988

374.0 377.5 381.1 384.7 388.4 392.0 395.7 399.5 403.2 407.0 410.8 414.7 418.6 422.5 426.4 430.4 434.4 438.4 442.5 446.6 450.7 454.8 459.0 463.2 467.5 471.7 476.0 480.3 484.7 489.1 493.5

1.6769 1.6903 1.7036 1.7167 1.7297 1.7426 1.7553 1.7679 1.7804 1.7928 1.8051 1.8173 1.8294 1.8414 1.8534 1.8652 1.8769 1.8886 1.9002 1.9117 1.9231 1.9344 1.9457 1.9569 1.9680 1.9791 1.9901 2.0010 2.0118 2.0226 2.0333

0.0574 0.0588 0.0601 0.0615 0.0628 0.0642 0.0655 0.0668 0.0681 0.0694 0.0707 0.0720 0.0733 0.0746 0.0759 0.0772 0.0785 0.0798 0.0810 0.0823 0.0836 0.0848 0.0861 0.0874 0.0886 0.0899 0.0911 0.0924 0.0936 0.0949 0.0961

373.8 377.4 381.0 384.6 388.2 391.9 395.6 399.4 403.1 406.9 410.7 414.6 418.5 422.4 426.3 430.3 434.3 438.3 442.4 446.5 450.6 454.8 458.9 463.2 467.4 471.7 475.9 480.3 484.6 489.0 493.4

373.6 377.2 380.8 384.4 388.1 391.8 395.5 399.2 403.0 406.8 410.6 414.5 418.4 422.3 426.2 430.2 434.2 438.3 442.3 446.4 450.5 454.7 458.9 463.1 467.3 471.6 475.9 480.2 484.5 488.9 493.3

1.6714 1.6848 1.6982 1.7113 1.7243 1.7372 1.7500 1.7626 1.7752 1.7876 1.7999 1.8121 1.8243 1.8363 1.8482 1.8601 1.8718 1.8835 1.8951 1.9066 1.9180 1.9294 1.9407 1.9519 1.9630 1.9741 1.9851 1.9960 2.0068 2.0176 2.0284

0.0542 0.0555 0.0568 0.0581 0.0594 0.0606 0.0619 0.0632 0.0644 0.0657 0.0669 0.0682 0.0694 0.0706 0.0719 0.0731 0.0743 0.0755 0.0767 0.0779 0.0791 0.0803 0.0815 0.0827 0.0839 0.0851 0.0863 0.0875 0.0887 0.0899 0.0911

373.5 377.1 380.7 384.3 388.0 391.7 395.4 399.1 402.9 406.7 410.5 414.4 418.3 422.2 426.1 430.1 434.1 438.2 442.2 446.3 450.4 454.6 458.8 463.0 467.2 471.5 475.8 480.1 484.5 488.9 493.3

1.6687 1.6822 1.6955 1.7087 1.7217 1.7346 1.7474 1.7601 1.7726 1.7851 1.7974 1.8096 1.8218 1.8338 1.8457 1.8576 1.8694 1.8810 1.8926 1.9041 1.9156 1.9269 1.9382 1.9494 1.9606 1.9716 1.9826 1.9936 2.0044 2.0152 2.0260

1.6741 1.6876 1.7008 1.7140 1.7270 1.7399 1.7526 1.7652 1.7778 1.7902 1.8025 1.8147 1.8268 1.8388 1.8508 1.8626 1.8743 1.8860 1.8976 1.9091 1.9205 1.9319 1.9431 1.9543 1.9655 1.9765 1.9875 1.9984 2.0093 2.0201 2.0308

0.0557 0.0571 0.0584 0.0597 0.0610 0.0624 0.0637 0.0649 0.0662 0.0675 0.0688 0.0701 0.0713 0.0726 0.0738 0.0751 0.0763 0.0776 0.0788 0.0801 0.0813 0.0825 0.0838 0.0850 0.0862 0.0874 0.0887 0.0899 0.0911 0.0923 0.0935

11

–10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140






TEMP. °C –10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145

TEMP. °C

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150

400.0

425.0

450.0

475.0

(–11.39°C)

(–9.64°C)

(–7.97°C)

(–6.37°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0523)

(372.4)

(1.6623)

(0.0493)

(373.2)

(1.6608)

(0.0467)

(374.0)

(1.6593)

(0.0443)

(374.8)

(1.6580)

0.0527 0.0540 0.0552 0.0565 0.0578 0.0590 0.0603 0.0615 0.0627 0.0639 0.0652 0.0664 0.0676 0.0688 0.0700 0.0712 0.0724 0.0736 0.0747 0.0759 0.0771 0.0783 0.0794 0.0806 0.0818 0.0830 0.0841 0.0853 0.0864 0.0876 0.0887 —

373.3 376.9 380.5 384.2 387.8 391.5 395.2 399.0 402.8 406.6 410.4 414.3 418.2 422.1 426.0 430.0 434.0 438.1 442.1 446.2 450.4 454.5 458.7 462.9 467.2 471.4 475.7 480.1 484.4 488.8 493.2 —

1.6661 1.6796 1.6930 1.7061 1.7192 1.7321 1.7449 1.7576 1.7702 1.7826 1.7949 1.8072 1.8193 1.8314 1.8433 1.8552 1.8670 1.8786 1.8902 1.9018 1.9132 1.9246 1.9359 1.9471 1.9582 1.9693 1.9803 1.9912 2.0021 2.0129 2.0236 —

— 0.0505 0.0517 0.0529 0.0541 0.0553 0.0565 0.0576 0.0588 0.0600 0.0611 0.0623 0.0634 0.0645 0.0657 0.0668 0.0679 0.0691 0.0702 0.0713 0.0724 0.0735 0.0746 0.0757 0.0768 0.0779 0.0790 0.0801 0.0812 0.0823 0.0834 0.0845

— 376.6 380.2 383.8 387.5 391.2 394.9 398.7 402.5 406.3 410.1 414.0 417.9 421.8 425.8 429.8 433.8 437.8 441.9 446.0 450.2 454.3 458.5 462.7 467.0 471.2 475.5 479.9 484.2 488.6 493.0 497.5

— 376.2 379.8 383.5 387.2 390.9 394.6 398.4 402.2 406.0 409.9 413.7 417.6 421.6 425.6 429.5 433.6 437.6 441.7 445.8 449.9 454.1 458.3 462.5 466.8 471.1 475.4 479.7 484.1 488.5 492.9 497.3

— 1.6674 1.6809 1.6941 1.7073 1.7203 1.7331 1.7459 1.7585 1.7710 1.7834 1.7957 1.8079 1.8200 1.8320 1.8439 1.8557 1.8674 1.8790 1.8906 1.9021 1.9135 1.9248 1.9360 1.9472 1.9583 1.9693 1.9803 1.9912 2.0020 2.0127 2.0234

— 0.0446 0.0457 0.0468 0.0479 0.0490 0.0501 0.0511 0.0522 0.0532 0.0543 0.0553 0.0564 0.0574 0.0584 0.0594 0.0605 0.0615 0.0625 0.0635 0.0645 0.0655 0.0665 0.0675 0.0685 0.0695 0.0705 0.0715 0.0725 0.0734 0.0744 0.0754

— 375.8 379.5 383.1 386.8 390.6 394.3 398.1 401.9 405.7 409.6 413.5 417.4 421.3 425.3 429.3 433.3 437.4 441.5 445.6 449.7 453.9 458.1 462.3 466.6 470.9 475.2 479.5 483.9 488.3 492.7 497.1

— 1.6617 1.6752 1.6885 1.7017 1.7148 1.7277 1.7405 1.7531 1.7656 1.7781 1.7904 1.8026 1.8147 1.8267 1.8386 1.8505 1.8622 1.8739 1.8854 1.8969 1.9083 1.9197 1.9309 1.9421 1.9532 1.9642 1.9752 1.9861 1.9969 2.0077 2.0184

–10 –5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145

TEMP. °C

— 1.6734 1.6868 1.7000 1.7131 1.7261 1.7389 1.7516 1.7642 1.7767 1.7890 1.8013 1.8135 1.8255 1.8375 1.8494 1.8612 1.8729 1.8845 1.8960 1.9075 1.9189 1.9302 1.9414 1.9526 1.9636 1.9747 1.9856 1.9965 2.0073 2.0180 2.0287

— 0.0474 0.0485 0.0497 0.0508 0.0520 0.0531 0.0542 0.0553 0.0564 0.0575 0.0586 0.0597 0.0608 0.0619 0.0629 0.0640 0.0651 0.0661 0.0672 0.0682 0.0693 0.0703 0.0714 0.0724 0.0735 0.0745 0.0756 0.0766 0.0776 0.0787 0.0797

500.0

525.0

550.0

575.0

(–4.84°C)

(–3.36°C)

(–1.93°C)

(–0.55°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0421)

(375.5)

(1.6567)

(0.0402)

(376.2)

(1.6555)

(0.0384)

(376.9)

(1.6543)

(0.0367)

(377.5)

(1.6532)

0.0432 0.0442 0.0453 0.0463 0.0473 0.0484 0.0494 0.0504 0.0514 0.0524 0.0534 0.0544 0.0553 0.0563 0.0573 0.0583 0.0592 0.0602 0.0612 0.0621 0.0631 0.0640 0.0650 0.0659 0.0669 0.0678 0.0687 0.0697 0.0706 0.0715 0.0725

379.1 382.8 386.5 390.2 394.0 397.8 401.6 405.4 409.3 413.2 417.1 421.1 425.1 429.1 433.1 437.2 441.3 445.4 449.5 453.7 457.9 462.1 466.4 470.7 475.0 479.3 483.7 488.1 492.5 497.0 501.5

1.6698 1.6832 1.6964 1.7095 1.7224 1.7353 1.7479 1.7605 1.7730 1.7853 1.7975 1.8097 1.8217 1.8337 1.8455 1.8573 1.8689 1.8805 1.8920 1.9034 1.9148 1.9261 1.9372 1.9484 1.9594 1.9704 1.9813 1.9921 2.0029 2.0136 2.0243

0.0409 0.0419 0.0429 0.0439 0.0449 0.0459 0.0468 0.0478 0.0488 0.0497 0.0507 0.0516 0.0526 0.0535 0.0544 0.0553 0.0563 0.0572 0.0581 0.0590 0.0599 0.0609 0.0618 0.0627 0.0636 0.0645 0.0654 0.0663 0.0672 0.0680 0.0689

378.7 382.4 386.1 389.9 393.7 397.5 401.3 405.1 409.0 412.9 416.9 420.8 424.8 428.8 432.9 436.9 441.0 445.2 449.3 453.5 457.7 461.9 466.2 470.5 474.8 479.2 483.5 487.9 492.4 496.8 501.3

378.3 382.1 385.8 389.6 393.3 397.2 401.0 404.9 408.7 412.7 416.6 420.6 424.6 428.6 432.6 436.7 440.8 444.9 449.1 453.3 457.5 461.7 466.0 470.3 474.6 479.0 483.4 487.8 492.2 496.7 501.1

1.6596 1.6731 1.6864 1.6996 1.7126 1.7255 1.7382 1.7509 1.7634 1.7758 1.7881 1.8002 1.8123 1.8243 1.8362 1.8480 1.8597 1.8713 1.8828 1.8943 1.9057 1.9170 1.9282 1.9393 1.9504 1.9614 1.9723 1.9832 1.9940 2.0047 2.0153

0.0368 0.0378 0.0387 0.0397 0.0406 0.0415 0.0424 0.0433 0.0442 0.0451 0.0460 0.0468 0.0477 0.0486 0.0494 0.0503 0.0511 0.0520 0.0528 0.0537 0.0545 0.0553 0.0562 0.0570 0.0578 0.0587 0.0595 0.0603 0.0611 0.0620 0.0628

378.0 381.7 385.4 389.2 393.0 396.8 400.7 404.6 408.5 412.4 416.3 420.3 424.3 428.3 432.4 436.5 440.6 444.7 448.9 453.1 457.3 461.5 465.8 470.1 474.5 478.8 483.2 487.6 492.0 496.5 501.0

1.6547 1.6683 1.6816 1.6949 1.7079 1.7208 1.7336 1.7463 1.7589 1.7713 1.7836 1.7958 1.8079 1.8199 1.8318 1.8436 1.8553 1.8670 1.8785 1.8900 1.9014 1.9127 1.9239 1.9351 1.9462 1.9572 1.9681 1.9790 1.9898 2.0005 2.0112

1.6646 1.6780 1.6913 1.7044 1.7174 1.7303 1.7430 1.7556 1.7681 1.7804 1.7927 1.8049 1.8169 1.8289 1.8407 1.8525 1.8642 1.8758 1.8873 1.8988 1.9101 1.9214 1.9326 1.9437 1.9548 1.9658 1.9767 1.9876 1.9983 2.0091 2.0197

0.0388 0.0397 0.0407 0.0417 0.0426 0.0436 0.0445 0.0454 0.0464 0.0473 0.0482 0.0491 0.0500 0.0509 0.0518 0.0527 0.0536 0.0545 0.0554 0.0562 0.0571 0.0580 0.0588 0.0597 0.0606 0.0614 0.0623 0.0632 0.0640 0.0649 0.0657

12

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150






TEMP. °C 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155

TEMP. °C 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165

600.0

625.0

650.0

675.0

(0.78°C)

(2.08°C)

(3.33°C)

(4.55°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0352)

(378.2)

(1.6521)

(0.0338)

(378.7)

(1.6511)

(0.0325)

(379.3)

(1.6502)

(0.0313)

(379.8)

(1.6492)

0.0360 0.0369 0.0378 0.0387 0.0396 0.0405 0.0413 0.0422 0.0430 0.0439 0.0447 0.0456 0.0464 0.0472 0.0481 0.0489 0.0497 0.0505 0.0513 0.0521 0.0529 0.0537 0.0545 0.0553 0.0561 0.0569 0.0577 0.0585 0.0593 0.0601 0.060]9

381.3 385.1 388.9 392.7 396.5 400.4 404.3 408.2 412.1 416.1 420.0 424.1 428.1 432.1 436.2 440.4 444.5 448.7 452.9 457.1 461.3 465.6 469.9 474.3 478.6 483.0 487.4 491.9 496.3 500.8 505.3

1.6636 1.6770 1.6903 1.7034 1.7164 1.7292 1.7419 1.7545 1.7669 1.7793 1.7915 1.8036 1.8157 1.8276 1.8394 1.8512 1.8628 1.8744 1.8859 1.8973 1.9086 1.9198 1.9310 1.9421 1.9531 1.9641 1.9749 1.9858 1.9965 2.0072 2.0178

0.0344 0.0352 0.0361 0.0370 0.0378 0.0387 0.0395 0.0403 0.0412 0.0420 0.0428 0.0436 0.0444 0.0452 0.0460 0.0468 0.0476 0.0484 0.0492 0.0500 0.0507 0.0515 0.0523 0.0530 0.0538 0.0546 0.0553 0.0561 0.0569 0.0576 0.0584

380.9 384.7 388.5 392.4 396.2 400.1 404.0 407.9 411.8 415.8 419.8 423.8 427.8 431.9 436.0 440.1 444.3 448.5 452.7 456.9 461.2 465.4 469.7 474.1 478.4 482.8 487.3 491.7 496.2 500.7 505.2

380.6 384.4 388.2 392.0 395.9 399.8 403.7 407.6 411.5 415.5 419.5 423.5 427.6 431.7 435.8 439.9 444.1 448.2 452.5 456.7 461.0 465.2 469.6 473.9 478.3 482.7 487.1 491.5 496.0 500.5 505.0

1.6547 1.6683 1.6816 1.6948 1.7079 1.7208 1.7336 1.7462 1.7587 1.7711 1.7834 1.7956 1.8076 1.8196 1.8315 1.8433 1.8549 1.8665 1.8781 1.8895 1.9008 1.9121 1.9233 1.9344 1.9455 1.9564 1.9673 1.9781 1.9889 1.9996 2.0102

0.0314 0.0323 0.0331 0.0339 0.0347 0.0355 0.0363 0.0371 0.0378 0.0386 0.0394 0.0401 0.0409 0.0416 0.0424 0.0431 0.0439 0.0446 0.0453 0.0461 0.0468 0.0475 0.0482 0.0490 0.0497 0.0504 0.0511 0.0518 0.0525 0.0532 0.0539

380.2 384.0 387.8 391.7 395.6 399.4 403.4 407.3 411.3 415.2 419.3 423.3 427.3 431.4 435.5 439.7 443.8 448.0 452.2 456.5 460.8 465.0 469.4 473.7 478.1 482.5 486.9 491.4 495.8 500.3 504.9

1.6505 1.6641 1.6775 1.6907 1.7038 1.7168 1.7296 1.7422 1.7548 1.7672 1.7795 1.7917 1.8038 1.8158 1.8277 1.8395 1.8512 1.8628 1.8743 1.8858 1.8972 1.9084 1.9196 1.9308 1.9418 1.9528 1.9637 1.9745 1.9853 1.9960 2.0066

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155

TEMP. °C

1.6591 1.6726 1.6859 1.6991 1.7121 1.7249 1.7377 1.7503 1.7628 1.7751 1.7874 1.7995 1.8116 1.8235 1.8354 1.8471 1.8588 1.8704 1.8819 1.8933 1.9046 1.9159 1.9271 1.9382 1.9492 1.9602 1.9711 1.9819 1.9926 2.0033 2.0139

0.0328 0.0337 0.0345 0.0354 0.0362 0.0370 0.0378 0.0386 0.0394 0.0402 0.0410 0.0418 0.0426 0.0434 0.0441 0.0449 0.0457 0.0464 0.0472 0.0479 0.0487 0.0494 0.0502 0.0509 0.0517 0.0524 0.0531 0.0539 0.0546 0.0553 0.0561

700.0

725.0

750.0

800.0

(5.73°C)

(6.89°C)

(8.01°C)

(10.17°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0302)

(380.4)

(1.6483)

(0.0292)

(380.9)

(1.6474)

(0.0282)

(381.3)

(1.6466)

(0.0264)

(382.2)

(1.6450)

0.0309 0.0317 0.0325 0.0333 0.0341 0.0348 0.0356 0.0364 0.0371 0.0378 0.0386 0.0393 0.0400 0.0408 0.0415 0.0422 0.0429 0.0436 0.0443 0.0450 0.0457 0.0464 0.0471 0.0478 0.0485 0.0492 0.0499 0.0506 0.0512 0.0519 0.0526 —

383.6 387.5 391.3 395.2 399.1 403.1 407.0 411.0 415.0 419.0 423.0 427.1 431.2 435.3 439.4 443.6 447.8 452.0 456.3 460.6 464.9 469.2 473.5 477.9 482.3 486.7 491.2 495.7 500.2 504.7 509.3 —

1.6600 1.6734 1.6867 1.6999 1.7129 1.7257 1.7384 1.7510 1.7634 1.7758 1.7880 1.8001 1.8121 1.8240 1.8359 1.8476 1.8592 1.8708 1.8822 1.8936 1.9049 1.9161 1.9272 1.9383 1.9493 1.9602 1.9711 1.9818 1.9926 2.0032 2.0138 —

0.0297 0.0305 0.0312 0.0320 0.0328 0.0335 0.0342 0.0350 0.0357 0.0364 0.0371 0.0379 0.0386 0.0393 0.0400 0.0407 0.0413 0.0420 0.0427 0.0434 0.0441 0.0447 0.0454 0.0461 0.0468 0.0474 0.0481 0.0488 0.0494 0.0501 0.0507 —

383.3 387.1 391.0 394.9 398.8 402.8 406.7 410.7 414.7 418.7 422.8 426.8 430.9 435.1 439.2 443.4 447.6 451.8 456.1 460.4 464.7 469.0 473.3 477.7 482.1 486.6 491.0 495.5 500.0 504.6 509.1 —

382.9 386.8 390.7 394.6 398.5 402.4 406.4 410.4 414.4 418.4 422.5 426.6 430.7 434.8 439.0 443.2 447.4 451.6 455.9 460.2 464.5 468.8 473.2 477.5 482.0 486.4 490.9 495.3 499.9 504.4 509.0 —

1.6521 1.6656 1.6790 1.6923 1.7053 1.7183 1.7310 1.7437 1.7562 1.7686 1.7809 1.7930 1.8051 1.8170 1.8289 1.8406 1.8523 1.8639 1.8754 1.8868 1.8981 1.9094 1.9205 1.9316 1.9426 1.9536 1.9644 1.9752 1.9859 1.9966 2.0072 —

— 0.0271 0.0279 0.0286 0.0293 0.0300 0.0307 0.0313 0.0320 0.0327 0.0333 0.0340 0.0346 0.0353 0.0359 0.0366 0.0372 0.0378 0.0385 0.0391 0.0397 0.0403 0.0410 0.0416 0.0422 0.0428 0.0434 0.0440 0.0446 0.0452 0.0458 0.0464

— 386.0 389.9 393.9 397.8 401.8 405.8 409.8 413.9 417.9 422.0 426.1 430.2 434.4 438.5 442.7 446.9 451.2 455.5 459.7 464.1 468.4 472.8 477.2 481.6 486.0 490.5 495.0 499.5 504.1 508.6 513.2

— 1.6582 1.6717 1.6850 1.6982 1.7112 1.7240 1.7368 1.7493 1.7618 1.7741 1.7863 1.7984 1.8104 1.8223 1.8341 1.8458 1.8574 1.8689 1.8804 1.8917 1.9030 1.9142 1.9253 1.9363 1.9473 1.9582 1.9690 1.9797 1.9904 2.0010 2.0116

1.6560 1.6695 1.6828 1.6960 1.7091 1.7219 1.7347 1.7473 1.7598 1.7721 1.7844 1.7965 1.8086 1.8205 1.8323 1.8441 1.8557 1.8673 1.8787 1.8901 1.9014 1.9127 1.9238 1.9349 1.9459 1.9568 1.9677 1.9785 1.9892 1.9998 2.0104 —

0.0285 0.0293 0.0300 0.0308 0.0315 0.0322 0.0330 0.0337 0.0344 0.0351 0.0358 0.0365 0.0372 0.0378 0.0385 0.0392 0.0399 0.0405 0.0412 0.0419 0.0425 0.0432 0.0438 0.0445 0.0451 0.0458 0.0464 0.0471 0.0477 0.0483 0.0490 —

13

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165






TEMP. °C 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170

TEMP. °C 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185

850.0

900.0

950.0

1000.0

(12.24°C)

(14.22°C)

(16.11°C)

(17.93°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0249)

(383.1)

(1.6434)

(0.0234)

(383.9)

(1.6420)

(0.0222)

(384.6)

(1.6405)

(0.0210)

(385.3)

(1.6392)

0.0252 0.0259 0.0266 0.0273 0.0280 0.0286 0.0293 0.0299 0.0305 0.0312 0.0318 0.0324 0.0330 0.0337 0.0343 0.0349 0.0355 0.0361 0.0367 0.0372 0.0378 0.0384 0.0390 0.0396 0.0402 0.0407 0.0413 0.0419 0.0425 0.0430 0.0436 —

385.3 389.2 393.2 397.2 401.2 405.2 409.2 413.3 417.4 421.5 425.6 429.7 433.9 438.1 442.3 446.5 450.8 455.0 459.3 463.7 468.0 472.4 476.8 481.2 485.7 490.2 494.7 499.2 503.8 508.3 512.9 —

1.6510 1.6647 1.6781 1.6914 1.7044 1.7174 1.7301 1.7428 1.7553 1.7677 1.7799 1.7921 1.8041 1.8161 1.8279 1.8396 1.8513 1.8628 1.8743 1.8857 1.8970 1.9082 1.9193 1.9304 1.9414 1.9523 1.9631 1.9739 1.9846 1.9952 2.0057 —

0.0235 0.0242 0.0249 0.0255 0.0262 0.0268 0.0274 0.0280 0.0287 0.0293 0.0299 0.0304 0.0310 0.0316 0.0322 0.0328 0.0333 0.0339 0.0345 0.0350 0.0356 0.0362 0.0367 0.0373 0.0378 0.0384 0.0389 0.0395 0.0400 0.0405 0.0411 —

384.5 388.5 392.5 396.5 400.5 404.6 408.6 412.7 416.8 420.9 425.1 429.2 433.4 437.6 441.8 446.1 450.3 454.6 458.9 463.3 467.6 472.0 476.4 480.9 485.4 489.8 494.4 498.9 503.4 508.0 512.6 —

— 387.7 391.8 395.8 399.9 404.0 408.0 412.1 416.2 420.4 424.5 428.7 432.9 437.1 441.3 445.6 449.9 454.2 458.5 462.9 467.3 471.7 476.1 480.5 485.0 489.5 494.0 498.6 503.1 507.7 512.3 517.0

— 1.6513 1.6650 1.6785 1.6917 1.7048 1.7177 1.7305 1.7432 1.7557 1.7680 1.7803 1.7924 1.8044 1.8163 1.8282 1.8399 1.8515 1.8630 1.8744 1.8858 1.8971 1.9082 1.9193 1.9304 1.9413 1.9522 1.9630 1.9737 1.9844 1.9950 2.0055

— 0.0213 0.0219 0.0225 0.0231 0.0237 0.0243 0.0249 0.0254 0.0260 0.0265 0.0271 0.0276 0.0282 0.0287 0.0292 0.0297 0.0303 0.0308 0.0313 0.0318 0.0323 0.0328 0.0333 0.0338 0.0343 0.0348 0.0353 0.0358 0.0363 0.0368 0.0373

— 387.0 391.1 395.1 399.2 403.3 407.4 411.5 415.7 419.8 424.0 428.2 432.4 436.6 440.9 445.2 449.5 453.8 458.1 462.5 466.9 471.3 475.7 480.2 484.6 489.2 493.7 498.2 502.8 507.4 512.0 516.7

— 1.6450 1.6588 1.6723 1.6857 1.6989 1.7119 1.7247 1.7374 1.7500 1.7624 1.7747 1.7869 1.7990 1.8109 1.8228 1.8345 1.8462 1.8577 1.8692 1.8806 1.8919 1.9031 1.9142 1.9252 1.9362 1.9471 1.9579 1.9687 1.9794 1.9900 2.0005

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170

TEMP. °C

1.6441 1.6579 1.6714 1.6848 1.6980 1.7110 1.7238 1.7365 1.7491 1.7615 1.7739 1.7861 1.7981 1.8101 1.8220 1.8338 1.8454 1.8570 1.8685 1.8799 1.8912 1.9025 1.9136 1.9247 1.9357 1.9467 1.9575 1.9683 1.9790 1.9896 2.0002 —

— 0.0227 0.0233 0.0239 0.0246 0.0252 0.0258 0.0264 0.0270 0.0275 0.0281 0.0287 0.0292 0.0298 0.0304 0.0309 0.0314 0.0320 0.0325 0.0331 0.0336 0.0341 0.0347 0.0352 0.0357 0.0362 0.0368 0.0373 0.0378 0.0383 0.0388 0.0393

1100.0

1200.0

1300.0

1400.0

(21.38°C)

(24.60°C)

(27.63°C)

(30.48°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0190)

(386.5)

(1.6366)

(0.0174)

(387.6)

(1.6341)

(0.0159)

(388.6)

(1.6318)

(0.0147)

(389.4)

(1.6295)

0.0195 0.0200 0.0206 0.0212 0.0217 0.0222 0.0228 0.0233 0.0238 0.0243 0.0248 0.0253 0.0258 0.0263 0.0268 0.0273 0.0278 0.0282 0.0287 0.0292 0.0296 0.0301 0.0306 0.0310 0.0315 0.0319 0.0324 0.0329 0.0333 0.0338 0.0342 — —

389.5 393.7 397.8 402.0 406.2 410.3 414.5 418.7 422.9 427.2 431.4 435.7 439.9 444.2 448.6 452.9 457.3 461.7 466.1 470.5 475.0 479.4 483.9 488.5 493.0 497.6 502.2 506.8 511.4 516.1 520.8 — —

1.6468 1.6606 1.6742 1.6876 1.7007 1.7137 1.7266 1.7393 1.7518 1.7642 1.7765 1.7887 1.8007 1.8126 1.8245 1.8362 1.8478 1.8593 1.8708 1.8821 1.8934 1.9045 1.9156 1.9267 1.9376 1.9485 1.9592 1.9699 1.9806 1.9912 2.0017 — —

0.0174 0.0180 0.0185 0.0190 0.0196 0.0201 0.0206 0.0211 0.0215 0.0220 0.0225 0.0230 0.0234 0.0239 0.0243 0.0248 0.0252 0.0257 0.0261 0.0266 0.0270 0.0274 0.0279 0.0283 0.0287 0.0291 0.0296 0.0300 0.0304 0.0308 0.0312 — —

388.0 392.2 396.4 400.7 404.9 409.1 413.3 417.6 421.8 426.1 430.4 434.7 439.0 443.3 447.7 452.0 456.4 460.9 465.3 469.7 474.2 478.7 483.2 487.8 492.3 496.9 501.5 506.2 510.8 515.5 520.2 — —

— 390.6 394.9 399.2 403.5 407.8 412.1 416.4 420.7 425.0 429.3 433.7 438.0 442.4 446.8 451.2 455.6 460.0 464.5 469.0 473.5 478.0 482.5 487.1 491.7 496.3 500.9 505.5 510.2 514.9 519.6 524.3 —

— 1.6386 1.6527 1.6666 1.6802 1.6935 1.7067 1.7197 1.7325 1.7451 1.7576 1.7700 1.7822 1.7943 1.8063 1.8182 1.8300 1.8416 1.8532 1.8646 1.8760 1.8873 1.8985 1.9096 1.9206 1.9315 1.9424 1.9532 1.9639 1.9745 1.9851 1.9956 —

— — 0.0152 0.0157 0.0161 0.0166 0.0171 0.0175 0.0180 0.0184 0.0188 0.0192 0.0197 0.0201 0.0205 0.0209 0.0213 0.0217 0.0221 0.0224 0.0228 0.0232 0.0236 0.0240 0.0243 0.0247 0.0251 0.0254 0.0258 0.0262 0.0265 0.0269 0.0273

— — 393.4 397.8 402.2 406.5 410.9 415.2 419.6 423.9 428.3 432.7 437.0 441.4 445.9 450.3 454.7 459.2 463.7 468.2 472.7 477.2 481.8 486.4 491.0 495.6 500.2 504.9 509.6 514.3 519.0 523.7 528.5

— — 1.6425 1.6567 1.6705 1.6841 1.6974 1.7106 1.7236 1.7363 1.7490 1.7614 1.7738 1.7860 1.7980 1.8100 1.8218 1.8335 1.8452 1.8567 1.8681 1.8794 1.8907 1.9018 1.9129 1.9239 1.9348 1.9456 1.9563 1.9670 1.9776 1.9881 1.9986

1.6353 1.6494 1.6632 1.6768 1.6902 1.7034 1.7164 1.7292 1.7419 1.7544 1.7668 1.7791 1.7912 1.8032 1.8151 1.8269 1.8386 1.8502 1.8617 1.8731 1.8844 1.8956 1.9068 1.9178 1.9288 1.9397 1.9505 1.9613 1.9719 1.9825 1.9931 — —

— 0.0162 0.0167 0.0172 0.0177 0.0182 0.0187 0.0192 0.0196 0.0201 0.0205 0.0210 0.0214 0.0218 0.0223 0.0227 0.0231 0.0235 0.0239 0.0243 0.0247 0.0252 0.0256 0.0260 0.0264 0.0267 0.0271 0.0275 0.0279 0.0283 0.0287 0.0291 —

14

25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185






TEMP. °C 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195

TEMP. °C 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205

1500.0

1600.0

1700.0

1800.0

(33.19°C)

(35.77°C)

(38.23°C)

(40.58°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0136)

(390.1)

(1.6272)

(0.0127)

(390.8)

(1.6250)

(0.0118)

(391.3)

(1.6228)

(0.0111)

(391.8)

(1.6206)

0.0138 0.0143 0.0148 0.0152 0.0157 0.0161 0.0165 0.0169 0.0173 0.0177 0.0181 0.0185 0.0189 0.0193 0.0197 0.0201 0.0204 0.0208 0.0212 0.0215 0.0219 0.0222 0.0226 0.0229 0.0233 0.0236 0.0240 0.0243 0.0247 0.0250 0.0253 — —

391.8 396.3 400.7 405.2 409.6 414.0 418.4 422.8 427.2 431.6 436.0 440.5 444.9 449.4 453.9 458.3 462.9 467.4 471.9 476.5 481.1 485.7 490.3 494.9 499.6 504.3 508.9 513.7 518.4 523.2 527.9 — —

1.6325 1.6470 1.6611 1.6750 1.6885 1.7019 1.7150 1.7279 1.7407 1.7533 1.7657 1.7780 1.7902 1.8022 1.8141 1.8259 1.8376 1.8492 1.8607 1.8720 1.8833 1.8945 1.9056 1.9167 1.9276 1.9385 1.9493 1.9600 1.9706 1.9811 1.9916 — —

— 0.0131 0.0135 0.0140 0.0144 0.0148 0.0153 0.0157 0.0160 0.0164 0.0168 0.0172 0.0176 0.0179 0.0183 0.0186 0.0190 0.0193 0.0197 0.0200 0.0204 0.0207 0.0211 0.0214 0.0217 0.0220 0.0224 0.0227 0.0230 0.0233 0.0237 0.0240 —

— 394.7 399.2 403.7 408.2 412.7 417.2 421.6 426.1 430.6 435.0 439.5 444.0 448.5 453.0 457.5 462.0 466.6 471.1 475.7 480.3 484.9 489.6 494.2 498.9 503.6 508.3 513.1 517.8 522.6 527.4 532.2 —

— 393.0 397.7 402.3 406.9 411.4 415.9 420.5 425.0 429.5 434.0 438.5 443.0 447.5 452.1 456.6 461.2 465.8 470.4 475.0 479.6 484.2 488.9 493.6 498.3 503.0 507.7 512.4 517.2 522.0 526.8 531.6 —

— 1.6281 1.6430 1.6574 1.6714 1.6852 1.6987 1.7120 1.7250 1.7379 1.7506 1.7631 1.7754 1.7877 1.7997 1.8117 1.8235 1.8352 1.8468 1.8583 1.8697 1.8810 1.8922 1.9033 1.9144 1.9253 1.9362 1.9469 1.9576 1.9683 1.9788 1.9893 —

— — 0.0115 0.0119 0.0123 0.0127 0.0131 0.0135 0.0139 0.0142 0.0146 0.0150 0.0153 0.0156 0.0160 0.0163 0.0166 0.0169 0.0173 0.0176 0.0179 0.0182 0.0185 0.0188 0.0191 0.0194 0.0197 0.0200 0.0203 0.0206 0.0209 0.0212 0.0215

— — 396.0 400.7 405.4 410.1 414.7 419.2 423.8 428.4 432.9 437.5 442.0 446.6 451.2 455.8 460.4 465.0 469.6 474.2 478.8 483.5 488.2 492.9 497.6 502.3 507.1 511.8 516.6 521.4 526.2 531.1 535.9

— — 1.6340 1.6488 1.6632 1.6772 1.6909 1.7044 1.7176 1.7306 1.7434 1.7560 1.7685 1.7808 1.7930 1.8050 1.8169 1.8287 1.8404 1.8519 1.8634 1.8747 1.8860 1.8972 1.9082 1.9192 1.9301 1.9409 1.9516 1.9623 1.9729 1.9834 1.9938

35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195

TEMP. °C

— 1.6375 1.6520 1.6661 1.6799 1.6934 1.7067 1.7198 1.7327 1.7454 1.7580 1.7704 1.7826 1.7948 1.8068 1.8186 1.8304 1.8420 1.8536 1.8650 1.8764 1.8876 1.8988 1.9098 1.9208 1.9317 1.9425 1.9533 1.9639 1.9745 1.9850 1.9955 —

— 0.0120 0.0125 0.0129 0.0133 0.0137 0.0141 0.0145 0.0149 0.0153 0.0156 0.0160 0.0164 0.0167 0.0171 0.0174 0.0177 0.0181 0.0184 0.0187 0.0191 0.0194 0.0197 0.0200 0.0203 0.0207 0.0210 0.0213 0.0216 0.0219 0.0222 0.0225 —

1900.0

2000.0

2200.0

2400.0

(42.84°C)

(45.01°C)

(49.11°C)

(52.95°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0104)

(392.1)

(1.6183)

(0.0098)

(392.4)

(1.6161)

(0.0087)

(392.8)

(1.6115)

(0.0078)

(392.9)

(1.6067)

0.0106 0.0110 0.0114 0.0118 0.0122 0.0126 0.0130 0.0133 0.0137 0.0140 0.0143 0.0147 0.0150 0.0153 0.0156 0.0159 0.0162 0.0165 0.0168 0.0171 0.0174 0.0177 0.0180 0.0183 0.0186 0.0189 0.0191 0.0194 0.0197 0.0200 0.0203 — —

394.3 399.1 403.9 408.7 413.3 418.0 422.6 427.2 431.9 436.5 441.1 445.7 450.3 454.9 459.5 464.1 468.8 473.4 478.1 482.8 487.5 492.2 496.9 501.7 506.4 511.2 516.0 520.8 525.7 530.5 535.4 — —

1.6251 1.6403 1.6550 1.6693 1.6833 1.6969 1.7103 1.7235 1.7365 1.7492 1.7618 1.7742 1.7865 1.7986 1.8106 1.8224 1.8342 1.8458 1.8573 1.8687 1.8800 1.8912 1.9023 1.9134 1.9243 1.9351 1.9459 1.9566 1.9672 1.9777 1.9882 — —

— 0.0102 0.0106 0.0110 0.0114 0.0118 0.0121 0.0125 0.0128 0.0132 0.0135 0.0138 0.0141 0.0144 0.0147 0.0150 0.0153 0.0156 0.0159 0.0162 0.0165 0.0167 0.0170 0.0173 0.0176 0.0178 0.0181 0.0184 0.0186 0.0189 0.0192 0.0194 —

— 397.4 402.4 407.2 412.0 416.7 421.4 426.1 430.8 435.4 440.0 444.7 449.3 454.0 458.6 463.3 468.0 472.6 477.3 482.1 486.8 491.5 496.3 501.0 505.8 510.6 515.4 520.2 525.1 530.0 534.8 539.7 —

— 393.7 399.0 404.1 409.1 414.0 418.9 423.7 428.5 433.2 438.0 442.7 447.4 452.2 456.9 461.6 466.3 471.1 475.8 480.6 485.3 490.1 494.9 499.7 504.5 509.4 514.2 519.1 523.9 528.8 533.7 538.7 —

— 1.6144 1.6306 1.6461 1.6609 1.6754 1.6894 1.7032 1.7166 1.7298 1.7428 1.7555 1.7681 1.7805 1.7928 1.8049 1.8168 1.8286 1.8403 1.8519 1.8634 1.8747 1.8860 1.8971 1.9082 1.9192 1.9300 1.9408 1.9515 1.9622 1.9727 1.9832 —

— — 0.0080 0.0084 0.0088 0.0091 0.0095 0.0098 0.0101 0.0104 0.0107 0.0110 0.0113 0.0116 0.0119 0.0121 0.0124 0.0126 0.0129 0.0131 0.0134 0.0136 0.0139 0.0141 0.0144 0.0146 0.0148 0.0151 0.0153 0.0155 0.0158 0.0160 0.0162

— — 395.2 400.7 406.0 411.1 416.2 421.2 426.1 431.0 435.8 440.7 445.5 450.3 455.1 459.9 464.7 469.5 474.3 479.1 483.9 488.7 493.5 498.4 503.2 508.1 513.0 517.9 522.8 527.7 532.6 537.6 542.6

— — 1.6138 1.6304 1.6462 1.6613 1.6759 1.6901 1.7040 1.7175 1.7308 1.7438 1.7566 1.7693 1.7817 1.7940 1.8061 1.8180 1.8299 1.8416 1.8532 1.8646 1.8760 1.8872 1.8984 1.9094 1.9204 1.9312 1.9420 1.9527 1.9633 1.9738 1.9843

— 1.6318 1.6469 1.6615 1.6758 1.6896 1.7032 1.7166 1.7297 1.7426 1.7553 1.7678 1.7802 1.7924 1.8044 1.8164 1.8282 1.8399 1.8514 1.8629 1.8743 1.8855 1.8967 1.9077 1.9187 1.9296 1.9404 1.9511 1.9618 1.9723 1.9828 1.9932 —

— 0.0088 0.0092 0.0096 0.0100 0.0103 0.0107 0.0110 0.0114 0.0117 0.0120 0.0123 0.0126 0.0129 0.0132 0.0134 0.0137 0.0140 0.0143 0.0145 0.0148 0.0151 0.0153 0.0156 0.0158 0.0161 0.0163 0.0166 0.0168 0.0171 0.0173 0.0176 —

15

45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205






TEMP. °C 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220

TEMP. °C 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230

2600.0

2800.0

3000.0

3200.0

(56.55°C)

(59.95°C)

(63.17°C)

(66.24°C)

TEMP. °C

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0070)

(392.7)

(1.6016)

(0.0063)

(392.2)

(1.5962)

(0.0057)

(391.5)

(1.5904)

(0.0052)

(390.4)

(1.5839)

0.0073 0.0077 0.0081 0.0084 0.0088 0.0091 0.0094 0.0097 0.0099 0.0102 0.0105 0.0107 0.0110 0.0113 0.0115 0.0117 0.0120 0.0122 0.0125 0.0127 0.0129 0.0131 0.0134 0.0136 0.0138 0.0140 0.0142 0.0144 0.0147 0.0149 0.0151 — —

396.8 402.5 408.0 413.3 418.5 423.6 428.6 433.6 438.6 443.5 448.4 453.2 458.1 463.0 467.8 472.7 477.5 482.4 487.3 492.2 497.0 501.9 506.8 511.8 516.7 521.6 526.6 531.5 536.5 541.5 546.5 — —

1.6141 1.6311 1.6472 1.6625 1.6773 1.6917 1.7056 1.7192 1.7326 1.7456 1.7585 1.7711 1.7836 1.7959 1.8080 1.8200 1.8318 1.8435 1.8551 1.8666 1.8779 1.8891 1.9003 1.9113 1.9222 1.9331 1.9438 1.9545 1.9651 1.9756 1.9860 — —

0.0063 0.0068 0.0072 0.0075 0.0078 0.0082 0.0085 0.0087 0.0090 0.0093 0.0095 0.0098 0.0100 0.0103 0.0105 0.0108 0.0110 0.0112 0.0114 0.0116 0.0119 0.0121 0.0123 0.0125 0.0127 0.0129 0.0131 0.0133 0.0135 0.0137 0.0139 — —

392.3 398.7 404.6 410.2 415.7 421.0 426.2 431.3 436.4 441.4 446.4 451.4 456.3 461.2 466.2 471.1 476.0 480.9 485.8 490.8 495.7 500.6 505.6 510.5 515.5 520.5 525.4 530.4 535.4 540.5 545.5 — —

— 394.1 400.7 406.8 412.6 418.1 423.6 428.9 434.1 439.2 444.3 449.4 454.4 459.5 464.5 469.4 474.4 479.4 484.4 489.3 494.3 499.3 504.3 509.3 514.3 519.3 524.3 529.3 534.4 539.4 544.5 549.5 —

— 1.5981 1.6175 1.6351 1.6516 1.6673 1.6823 1.6968 1.7109 1.7246 1.7380 1.7512 1.7641 1.7767 1.7892 1.8015 1.8136 1.8256 1.8374 1.8491 1.8607 1.8721 1.8834 1.8946 1.9057 1.9167 1.9276 1.9384 1.9491 1.9597 1.9702 1.9807 —

— — 0.0056 0.0060 0.0063 0.0066 0.0069 0.0072 0.0075 0.0078 0.0080 0.0082 0.0085 0.0087 0.0089 0.0091 0.0094 0.0096 0.0098 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0108 0.0109 0.0111 0.0113 0.0115 0.0117 0.0119 0.0120 0.0122 0.0124

— — 396.2 403.0 409.2 415.1 420.8 426.3 431.7 437.0 442.2 447.4 452.5 457.7 462.7 467.8 472.8 477.9 482.9 487.9 492.9 498.0 503.0 508.0 513.1 518.1 523.2 528.2 533.3 538.4 543.4 548.5 553.7

— — 1.6009 1.6205 1.6383 1.6549 1.6707 1.6858 1.7003 1.7144 1.7282 1.7416 1.7547 1.7676 1.7803 1.7928 1.8051 1.8172 1.8291 1.8409 1.8526 1.8641 1.8755 1.8868 1.8980 1.9091 1.9200 1.9309 1.9417 1.9523 1.9629 1.9734 1.9838

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220

TEMP. °C

1.5964 1.6154 1.6327 1.6490 1.6646 1.6795 1.6939 1.7079 1.7216 1.7350 1.7481 1.7610 1.7737 1.7861 1.7984 1.8106 1.8225 1.8344 1.8461 1.8576 1.8691 1.8804 1.8916 1.9027 1.9137 1.9247 1.9355 1.9462 1.9569 1.9674 1.9779 — —

— 0.0059 0.0063 0.0067 0.0070 0.0074 0.0077 0.0079 0.0082 0.0085 0.0087 0.0090 0.0092 0.0094 0.0097 0.0099 0.0101 0.0103 0.0105 0.0108 0.0110 0.0112 0.0114 0.0116 0.0118 0.0120 0.0122 0.0123 0.0125 0.0127 0.0129 0.0131 —

3400.0

3600.0

3800.0

4000.0

(69.16°C)

(71.95°C)

(74.62°C)

(77.18°C)

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

V

H

S

(0.0047)

(389.0)

(1.5768)

(0.0042)

(387.1)

(1.5687)

(0.0038)

(384.6)

(1.5591)

(0.0034)

(381.2)

(1.5474)

0.0048 0.0053 0.0057 0.0060 0.0063 0.0066 0.0069 0.0071 0.0074 0.0076 0.0078 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0087 0.0089 0.0091 0.0093 0.0095 0.0097 0.0098 0.0100 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0107 0.0109 0.0111 0.0113 0.0114 0.0116 — —

390.5 398.6 405.5 411.8 417.8 423.6 429.2 434.7 440.1 445.4 450.6 455.8 461.0 466.1 471.2 476.3 481.4 486.5 491.6 496.6 501.7 506.8 511.8 516.9 522.0 527.1 532.2 537.3 542.4 547.5 552.7 — —

1.5813 1.6046 1.6244 1.6423 1.6589 1.6747 1.6898 1.7044 1.7185 1.7322 1.7456 1.7588 1.7717 1.7843 1.7968 1.8090 1.8211 1.8331 1.8449 1.8565 1.8680 1.8794 1.8906 1.9018 1.9128 1.9238 1.9346 1.9453 1.9560 1.9665 1.9770 — —

— 0.0046 0.0050 0.0054 0.0057 0.0060 0.0063 0.0066 0.0068 0.0070 0.0073 0.0075 0.0077 0.0079 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0087 0.0089 0.0090 0.0092 0.0094 0.0096 0.0097 0.0099 0.0101 0.0102 0.0104 0.0106 0.0107 0.0109 0.0111 —

— 393.1 401.2 408.2 414.7 420.8 426.6 432.3 437.8 443.2 448.6 453.9 459.2 464.4 469.6 474.7 479.9 485.0 490.1 495.3 500.4 505.5 510.6 515.7 520.8 526.0 531.1 536.2 541.4 546.5 551.7 556.9 —

— 385.6 396.2 404.2 411.2 417.7 423.8 429.7 435.5 441.1 446.5 452.0 457.3 462.6 467.9 473.1 478.3 483.5 488.7 493.9 499.1 504.2 509.4 514.5 519.7 524.8 530.0 535.2 540.4 545.5 550.7 555.9 —

— 1.5622 1.5923 1.6148 1.6343 1.6521 1.6686 1.6843 1.6994 1.7139 1.7279 1.7416 1.7550 1.7681 1.7809 1.7935 1.8059 1.8181 1.8302 1.8420 1.8537 1.8653 1.8768 1.8881 1.8993 1.9103 1.9213 1.9322 1.9429 1.9536 1.9642 1.9747 —

— — 0.0038 0.0043 0.0047 0.0050 0.0053 0.0056 0.0058 0.0061 0.0063 0.0065 0.0067 0.0069 0.0071 0.0073 0.0074 0.0076 0.0078 0.0080 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0086 0.0088 0.0089 0.0091 0.0093 0.0094 0.0096 0.0097 0.0099 0.0100

— — 389.6 399.5 407.4 414.4 420.9 427.1 433.0 438.8 444.4 450.0 455.4 460.8 466.2 471.5 476.8 482.1 487.3 492.5 497.7 502.9 508.1 513.3 518.5 523.7 528.9 534.1 539.3 544.5 549.7 555.0 560.2

— — 1.5714 1.5992 1.6211 1.6403 1.6578 1.6743 1.6899 1.7048 1.7193 1.7333 1.7469 1.7602 1.7733 1.7861 1.7986 1.8110 1.8231 1.8351 1.8470 1.8586 1.8702 1.8816 1.8929 1.9040 1.9150 1.9260 1.9368 1.9475 1.9582 1.9687 1.9791

— 1.5863 1.6093 1.6290 1.6469 1.6635 1.6793 1.6943 1.7089 1.7230 1.7367 1.7501 1.7632 1.7761 1.7887 1.8012 1.8134 1.8255 1.8374 1.8491 1.8607 1.8722 1.8836 1.8948 1.9059 1.9169 1.9278 1.9386 1.9493 1.9599 1.9705 1.9809 —

— 0.0039 0.0044 0.0049 0.0052 0.0055 0.0058 0.0060 0.0063 0.0065 0.0067 0.0070 0.0072 0.0074 0.0076 0.0077 0.0079 0.0081 0.0083 0.0085 0.0086 0.0088 0.0090 0.0092 0.0093 0.0095 0.0096 0.0098 0.0100 0.0101 0.0103 0.0104 —

16

70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230

For Sales Information:

For Technical Information:

DuPont Fluorochemicals Customer Service Center, B-15305 Wilmington, DE 19898/U.S.A. (302) 774-2099 1-800-441-9442

Fluorochemicals Laboratory Wilmington, DE/U.S.A. (302) 999-3129 1-800-582-5606

Europe DuPont de Nemours International S.A. 2 Chemin du Pavillon P.O. Box 50 CH-1218 Le Grand-Saconnex Geneva, Switzerland 41-22-717-5111 Canada DuPont Canada, Inc. P.O. Box 2200, Streetsville Mississauga, Ontario L5M 2H3 (905) 821-3300 Mexico DuPont, S.A. de C.V. Homero 206 Col. Chapultepec Morales C.P. 11570 Mexico, D.F. 52-5-250-8000 South America DuPont do Brasil S.A. Alameda Itapicuru, 506 Alphaville 06400 Barueri Sao Paulo, Brazil 55-11-421-8509 DuPont Argentina S.A. Casilla Correo 1888 Correo Central 1000 Buenos Aires, Argentina 54-1-311-8167

Pacific DuPont Australia P.O. Box 930 North Sydney, NSW 2060 Australia 61-2-923-6165 Japan Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemicals Company, Ltd. Mitsui Seimei Building 2-3, 1-Chome Ohtemachi Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100 Japan 81-3-3216-8451 Asia DuPont Taiwan P.O. Box 81-777 Taipei, Taiwan 886-2-514-4400 DuPont Asia Pacific Limited P.O. Box TST 98851 Tsim Sha Tsui Kowloon, Hong Kong 852-734-5345 DuPont Thailand P.O. Box 2398 Bangkok 10501, Thailand 66-2-238-4361 DuPont China Ltd. Room 1704, Union Bldg. 100 Yanan Rd. East Shanghai, PR China 200 002 Phone: 86-21-328-3738 Telex: 33448 DCLSH CN Fax: 86-21-320-2304

DuPont Korea Ltd. C.P.O. Box 5972 Seoul, Korea 82-2-721-5114 DuPont Singapore Pte. Ltd. 1 Maritime Square #07 01 World Trade Centre Singapore 0409 65-273-2244 DuPont Far East, Philippines 5th Floor, Solid Bank Building 777 Paseo de Roxas Makati, Metro Manila Philippines 63-2-818-9911 DuPont Far East Inc. 7A Murray’s Gate Road Alwarpet Madras, 600 018 India 91-44-454-029 DuPont Far East Inc.– Pakistan 9 Khayaban-E-Shaheen Defence Phase 5 Karachi, Pakistan 92-21-533-350 DuPont Far East Inc. P.O. Box 2553/Jkt Jakarta 10001 Indonesia 62-21-517-800

DuPont Far East Inc. P.O. Box 12396 50776 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone: 60-3-232-3522 Telex: (784) 30391 DUFE M Fax: 60-3-238-7250

The information contained herein is based on technical data and tests which we believe to be reliable and is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their own discretion and risk. Since conditions of use are outside of DuPont’s control, we can assume no liability for results obtained or damages incurred through the application of the data presented.

H-47758-1

1/94

f Printed in U.S.A.

235702B

APPENDIX B (Interfaces of software)

APPENDIX B (INTERFACES OF SOFTWARE)

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