A wild race of Phaseolus vulgaris L. as a new source of phaseolin variation. LUCIA glOI I and KARL HA.',IMER. (Eingegangen am 9. Februar 1989). Summary.
I
Kulturpflanze 37
•
1989 • 129---132
[
Phaseolus vulgaris phaseolin variation
A w i l d r a c e of
LUCIA glOI I and
L. as a n e w s o u r c e of
KARL HA.',IMER
(Eingegangen am 9. Februar 1989) Summary
A wild race of Phaseolus v.zdgaris from Mexico exhibited a l~haseolin pattern very similar to that of Phaseolus coccineus..Most likely, this accession resulted from introgression of Ph. coccineus into Ph. wdgaris. The greater variation with respect to phaseolin in wild races of the common bean is confirmed. \Vihl material can be considered as a useful source for breeding purposes.
Introduction
Electrophoretic analyses of seed storage proteins have been successfully utilized for taxonomic, evolutionary, and identification studies in various plant species. In particular, the analyses of variation in the electrophoretic patterns of phaseolin, the major storage protein of common bean (Phascolus vulgaris L.), have confirmed the finding of Ew~Ns (1976), that independent centers of domestication occured in ,Middle America and in the Andean region of South America (GEPTS et al. 1986). Only a small part of the large variation existing in nature has become fixed within modern cultivars; in fact, wild-growing forins of common bean exhibited a greater variation in phaseolin patterns (GEPTS et al. 1986) in comparison to cultivated material (BRov,'N et al. 1982). The analysis of phaseolin variation in wild accessions of Ph. wdgaris from Mexico revealed the presence of a phaseolin pattern in the seeds not yet found in cultivated races and similar to the phaseolin pattern typical for Phaseolus coccineus L. (GEPTS et al. 1986, LIOI 1989). In order to clarify the exact taxonomic position of this wild material, a comparative study was conducted concerning the electrophoretic patterns of some wild and cultivated common beans. Material and Methods Seeds of a wild Mexican accession (G2271) were obtained from CIAT, Cali, Colombia; cultivated bean accessions were taken from the collection of the Germplasm Institute, CNR, Bari, Italy. Total seed proteins were extracted with borate buffer 0.02 M pH 9.0. I Germplasm Institute, CNR, Via Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy 9
Kulturpflanze 37
130
LUCIA LIOZ and KARL HAMMER
The e x t r a c t s were mixed with d e n a t u r a t i n g buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl p H 8.6, containing 1 ",0 SDS, 0.3 0 2-mercaptoethanol, and 8.3 u,0 glycerol), and after d e n a t u r a t i o n used for electrophoresis. {)ne dimensional sodium dodecyl s u l p h a t e - p o l y a c r y l a m i d e gel electrophoresis (SDS-I'..\GF.) was performed following the procedure described by LAE.~tMLI (1970), using 15 0,0 p o l y a c r y l a m i d e gel slab overlaid with a 4.5 ".0 stacking gel.
Results and discussion
As shown in fig. 1, a wild bean from .Mexico with the accession number G2771 (lane 1) exhibited a l-dimensional phaseolin pattern very similar to that of cultivated Pit. coccine~ls (lane 2). The two phaseolins had slightly different molecular weights, but the wild material showed epigeal germination, introrse stigma position in the flowers, and other characters typical for Ph. wdgaris. In lane 3 (fig. 1) the normal 'T' phaseolin banding type of cultivated Pit. wdgaris is shown, only for comparison. Other phaseolin banding patterns from x~dld and cultivated material have been reported by GEPTS et al. (1986). This finding reinforces the hypothesis reported by Hi'eL and SCOLES (1985) that wild growing biotypes of Ph. vulgaris and Ph. coccineus intereross readily
1
;2
3
M
.
.
tt I
Fig. 1 S D S - P A G E of t o t a l proteins e x t r a c t e d from Phaseolus seeds comparing phaseolin (phas) p a t t e r n s - l a n e 1: wild Ph. vulgaris, G2771: lane 2: Ph. coccineus, lane 3: 'T' t y p e phaseolin from Ph.
vulgaris
Phaseolin variation
131
in Phaseolus wdgaris
and reciprocally under natural conditions in Mexico. In domesticated races, crosses result in partially fertile interspecific hybrids (S.~tARTT and HAQ 1972), allowing the transfer of genes; in fact, as suggested by S.~faRTT (1985), both species can be considered as the seconda~' gene pool of each other. As there are only a few cases for demonstrating the building up of stronger crossing barriers in the course of domestication (H:xM,~tER 1984), the different situation in wild and domesticated races of Ph. wdgaris and Ph. coccincus can serve as an interesting example. Phaseolin coding genes are closely linked and inherited in a block as a single Mendelian gene with alleles codominant (PoLIGNANO and LmI 1985). When analysing phaseolin of 171 hybrids from crosses between Ph. vulgaris×Ph, coccineus intermediate patterns were detected, that segregate in the F2 generation with an expected 1:2:1 ratio (seeds provided by Dr. ALLAVENA, Italy; data not shown). In nature, spontaneous hybridizations could have resulted in genotypes of Ph. wdgaris with introgressed genes from Ph. coccineus, such as those coding for phaseolin. Then, part of the variation for phaseolin present in wild Ph. wdgaris could be due to natural interspecific hybridization.
Zusammenfassung Eine Wildsippe von Phaseolus wdgaris L. aus Mexiko als neue Quelle ffir Phaseolin-Variabilit/it Eine Wildsippe yon Phaseolus wdgaris aus Mexiko zeigte ein Phaseolin-Muster, das dem von Phaseolus coccineus sehr /ihnlich ist. Diese Sippe ist schr wahrscheinlich das Ergebnis ciner Introgression yon Ph. coccineus in Ph. vulgaris. Bci \Vildsippen der Gartenbohne wird eine gr6gere Variationsbreite hinsichtlich des Phaseolin-Musters best/itigt. Wildsippen k6nnen als nfitzliches Ausgangsmaterial ffir Zfichtungszwecke eingeschatzt wcrden.
KpaTnoe co3epmanue ~ m c t ~ p a e T y t r l u l i Tal~eoH ~edlbtlO('TII [l)aaeoauHa
Phaseolus vulffaris
~ta Met~cmcu leak ]l()Bhl~l IICTO'IIIIII( n a l ) t t a -
~nKopacTyU~uii TaKc(m Phaseolus vulffaris ua MeKcllml lIMeJl CXO~KItit yaop ([maeoPhaseolus coccineus. ~)TOT TaKCOH BepoHTIlO [ll)eitcTaBiltleT co6o1~ pe8y:lbTaT lmTporpeccm~ Ph. coccineus ~ Ph. vulffaris. ~r ;tnmq)acTyu&nx TaI¢coHoB fl)aco.qll OfiblKrlOBeHtIOfi fibl.qa HO~TBel)?K;teHa 6o:~ee mttpo~a~t Baptlai3e:lbtlOCTb 110 OTllOlllell|llO 1~ y~opaM i~)aseo:llllla. ~]~lll¢opaeTyttlHe TaKeOHhl OllelqllBalOTClI g a l ( n o -
JHIHa e y 3 o p o M
JleStlbll~ IlexoTuIhI~'l MaTeplla:~ ;tJIn ceslel~ll, llOlltlMX lleo'le~[.
9*
132
LUCIA
LlOl
and
KARL
HAMMER
Acknowledgements T h e a u t h o r s wish t o t h a n k l)r. A. ALLAVFNA, a n d l)r. 13. CAMPION, l s t i t u t o O r t i c o l t u r a , M A F , M o n t a n a s o L o m b a r d o , I t a l y , for h e l p f u l d i s c u s s i o n s a n d for p r o v i d i n g s e e d s of p a r e n t a l , 1:1, 1:2, a n d following g e n e r a t i o n s f r o m Ph. v u l g a r i s × l'h. coccineus crosses as well as tile r e c i p r o c a l o n e s .
Literature 13ROWX, J. w. s., J. R..Mcl:l~Rsox, I:. A. BLISS a n d T. C. HALL, 19,q2: G e n e t i c d i v e r g e n c e a m o n g c o m n l c r c i a l classes of l"haseolus vul,'aris in r e l a t i o n to p h a s e o l m p a t t e r n . - I lort. Science 17, 7 5 2 - 7 5 4 . I'L`,'axs, .\..M., 1970: Heans. ['kaseolus spp. ( I . c g u m i n o s a e - P a p i l i o n a t a e ) , p. 1 6 S - 1 7 2 . Ill: SIMM(~N'I,S, N. \V. ted.), F . v o h l t i o n in Crop ] ' l a n t s . - L o n g m a n , l . o n d o n . (;H'TS, 1'., T. C. ()SI~ORN, K. RASlIKA a n d F . . \ . HLIss, l(Lq(): l ' h a s e o l i n - p r o t e i n v a r i a b i l it',' in wild f o r m s a n d l a n d r a e c s of tile c o m m o n b e a n ( l ' k a s e o l u s vulgaris): e v i d e n c e It~r m u l t i p l e c e n t e r s t~f d o m e s t i c a t i o n . - E c o n . Hot. 40, 451-46,~. ]IAMMI.:R, 1'~., lOS4: ]):tS | ) o m c s t i k a t i o n s s v n ( l r c m l . - K u l t u r p f l a n z e 32, 1 1 - 3 4 . Ilt:cL, 1'. , n d (;. J. Sc(,i.l..s, 19,~5: l l l t c r s p c e i f i c h v b r i d i z a l i o n ill lilt. c o m n l o n b e a n : a rcvit,w. - t h w t . Scicncc 20, 3 5 2 - 2 5 7 . I.AI.:MMI.I, l ' . K., 1971): ( ' h ' a w t g c ()f s t r u c t u r a l p r o t e i n s (lurin~ tilt' a s s e m b l y of t h e h e a d t~f I)actcritq)h;t~c T4. - N:tturc 277, ~,S0-t,S5. ].ll)l, l.., 19,S9: (,eoRr;qdlic;d x';it'i;tti4~n t)f phasetdill p a t l c r l l s in ;ill old world c t d l c c t i o n of l'ka.,wohts r u l g a r i s . - St'cd Sci. T c c h m d . 17, 3 1 7 - 3 2 4 . POLIGNANO, (]. ]'~. a n d l.. Eli)l, 19,'q5: ( ; c n c t i c allaIvsis ill p o l y p e p t i d c s u b u n i t s of p h a seolin, t h e m a j o r stor+tge p r o t e i n (~f l ' k a s e , h t s vul,,aris I+. -- G e n e t . Agr~lr. 39, 211-220. S.XlAR'r'r, j+, "IOSS: l - v o l u t i o n of g r a i n legumes. IV. l+ulscs in tile g e n u s l>haseohts. -- E x p l . Agric. 21, 1 9 3 - 2 0 7 . -- a n d .~. llAQ, I q 7 2 : l : e r t i l i t v a n d s e g r e g a t i o n of tilt' a m p h i d i p l o i d P k a s e . l u s vul.¢'aris L. X I'h. coccincus I.. a n d its bchaviot, r ill b a c k c r o s s e s . -- l ( u p h y t i c a 21, 4 9 5 - 5 0 1 . Dr. K. IIAMMER Z e n t r a l i n s t i t u t tiir G e n e t i k u n d l q u l t u r p f l a n z e n f o r s c h u n g der Akademie der \Vissenschaften der I)DR C o r r e n s s t raBe 3 Gatersleben D D R - 4325
