PHYSICS 1050 Final Exam Formula Sheet. Conversion Factors and Constants:
2.54 cm = 1 in. 3.2804 ft = 1 m. 1 lb = 4.4482 N. 1 h = 60 min = 3600 s.
PHYSICS 1050 Final Exam Formula Sheet Conversion Factors and Constants: 2.54 cm = 1 in 3.2804 ft = 1 m
1 lb = 4.4482 N 1 h = 60 min = 3600s
1cal = 4.184J 1Cal = 1000cal
Gravitational field at earth’s surface: g = 9.8 N/kg = 9.8 m/s2 Boltzmann constant kB = 1.3807 1023 J/K Water density w = 1000kg/m3 = 1g/cm3 Sea level air pressure: 1atm = 101,325Pa Water specific heat capacity cw = 4184J/(kg°C) = 1Cal/(kg°C) Water phase changes: melting at 0°C =335 kJ/kg; vaporization at 100°C = 2255kJ/kg Universal gravitational constant G = 6.672610–11Nm2/(kg2) Coulomb constant k = 8.99109Nm2/C2 Vacuum speed of light c = 2.9979108m/s Planck constant h = 6.626110–34Js Wien’s displacement constant b = 2.898106 nm K Stafan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67010–8W/(m2 K4) Compound Units: velocity: m/s acceleration: m/s2 force: N = kgm/s2 momentum, impulse: kgm/s work, energy: J = Nm = kgm2/s2 power: W = J/s = Nm/s = kgm2/s3 Formulas:
torque: Nm angular momentum: kgm2/s2 density: kg/m3 current: A = C/s electric potential: V = J/C = kgm2/(s2C) resistance: = V/A = kgm2/(sC2)
r r r r Average velocity: v = x t ; Instantaneous velocity: v = lim x t t 0 r r r r Average acceleration: a = v t ; Instantaneous acceleration: a = lim v t t 0 r r Position change during constant velocity: x = vrt r Velocity change during constant acceleration: v = at r r r 2 Position change during constant acceleration: x = v0 t + 12 a (t ) r r r Acceleration from net force F : a = F /m r r Gravitational force (weight) on earth: F = mg Force of friction: F = µN r r r r r Momentum: p = mv ; Impulse: J = Ft = p r r r r Vector dot product (overlap): A B = A B cos r r r r Vector cross product (area of parallelogram): A B = A B sin r r Work: w = F d = E r r Power: P = E t = w /t = F v
Kinetic energy: KE = 12 mv 2 Gravitational potential energy: PE = mgh Centripetal acceleration: a = v 2 r (direction toward axis) r r r Torque: = r F r r r Angular momentum: l = r p First law of thermodynamics: E = q + w Specific heat capacity: c = q ( mT ) Spontaneous process: S t 0 (total entropy increases) r r Hooke’s law spring force: F = kx 2 Spring potential energy: PE = 12 k (x ) Spring period: T = 1 f = 2 m k Wave speed: u = T = f Wave refraction (Snell’s law): u1 sin 2 = u 2 sin 1 or n1 sin 1 = n 2 sin 2 Newton’s gravitational formula: F = Gm1m2 d 2 ; g = GM d 2 ; PE = Gm1m2 d Coulomb’s law: F = kq1q 2 d 2 Ohm’s law: I = V R Series: I = I1 = L = I n ; R = R1 + L + Rn ; V = V1 + L + Vn ; Vi V = Ri R Parallel: I = I1 + L + In ; 1 R = 1 R1 + L + 1 Rn ; V = V1 = L = Vn Electric power: P = VI = I 2 R = V 2 R r r r Electromagnetic (Lorentz) force: F = qv B Faraday’s law: V = t = ( BA) t Transformer: P1 = V1 I1 = V2 I 2 = P2 ; N1 N 2 = V1 V2 = I 2 I1 Photon energy: E = hf “Black body” radiation: P A = T 4 ; max = b T (P = power, A = area, T = temperature) Radioactive decay half-life: N t = N 0 ( 12 )
