Appendix 8 (a) Raw data for Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC). 76 ... Potensi Fitopemulihan Pokok Bandar (Pongamia pinnata) dalam Pengeluaran Logam .... radionuclides as well as heavy metals and be noted thai these in situ ...
PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF URBAN TREE (Pongamia pinnata) IN REMOVING HEAVY METALS FROM CONTAMINATED SOILS AFFECTED BY MN-BASED INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Nurul Nabila Binti Mohd Azman
SO 397 P84
N974
2015
Bachelor of Science with Honours (Plant Resource Science and Management)
2015
PlI!.:n Khidmar MakJulDat Akad('w"
UNlVERSJ11 MALAYSIA SARAWA
Phytoremediation Potential of urban tree (Pongamia pinnata) in removing heavy metals from contaminated soils affected by Mn-based Industrial Waste.
Nurul Nabila binti Mohd Azman 35179
This project report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Bachelor Science with Honours
(Plant Resource Science & Management)
Supervisor: Dr. Mohd Effendi bin Wasli
Co. Supervisor: Prof. Hamsawi bin Sani
Plant Resource Science and Management
Department of Plant Science and Environmental Ecology
Faculty of Resource Science and Technology
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
2015
APPROVAL SHEET
Name of candidate
: Nurul Nabila binti Mohd Azman
Matric number
: 35179
Title of thesis
: Phytoremediation Potential of urban tree (Pongamia pinnata) in removing heavy metals from contaminated soils affected by Mn-based industrial waste
(PROF. HAMSAWI BIN SAN!)
(DR. REBICCA EDWARD) Coordinator Department of Plant Science & Environmental Ecology Faculty of Resource Science & Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak II
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Final Year Project Report is based on my originality work except for quotations and citations, which have been acknowledged. I also declare that it has not previously or concurrently submitted for any degree qualification and Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, UNIMAS or other institutions of higher learning.
(NURUL NABILA BINTI MOHD AZMAN) 35179 Plant Resource Science & Management Department of Plant Science & Environmental Ecology Faculty of Resource Science & Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and Most Merciful, all praise is to Allah for giving me the greatest strength and the best health condition to face those challenges and hardships during the research (September 2014 to May 2015).
My sincere heartfelt and greatest appreciation goes to my supervisor, Dr. Mohd Effendi bin Wasli. Infinite thanks for guiding, supervising, monitoring, encouraging and giving extraordinary support in completing this project. And not to forget, my co-supervisor, Prof. Hamsawi bin Sani for the assistance given during the research project.
Special thanks to Mugunthan NL Perumal and Ho Soo Ying who has helped me a lot in giving guidance and extra knowledge in lab analyses during my research project. Ever since my project began, I have learnt a lot and gained much new knowledge, inputs which are totally invaluable. The sincerest gratitude too goes to my parents, Mohd Azman bin Isthnin and Che Saleha binti Md. Diah as well as my little brother for giving me endless motivational supports and prayers at all times in which I that need them the most, as always. A very much thanks goes to best friends who has helped me a lot - Muhamad Safwan, Norfatinnatasha, Noorizzatie, Syahidah Rasyira, and the others which I
m~y
not have mentioned it here since
there were a lot of them who has helped me directly or indirectly and I cannot thank them enough. Without these peoples, my research project could not be completed within the stipulated time. I hope that this research can contribute to the benefit for future generations.
IV
Pusaf Khidm:u MakJumat.-\ It"A - - - '
N " .in .• YS' ~~ ,r><
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title page.......................................... ...................................... .................
I
Approval sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............
II
Declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....
III
Acknowledgement.................................... ....................................... ..........
IV
Table of Contents.....................................................................................
V
List of Abbreviations........................................................................ ..........
VII
List of Figures.........................................................................................
VIII
List of Tables...... ... .................................................... .. ................. ...........
IX
List of Appendices...... ............ ......................................................... .........
X
AbstractlAbstrak .......................................................................................
1.0
2.0
General Introduction...........................................................................
3
1.1 Introduction........... .....................................................................
3
1.2 Problem statement........................................................................
5
1.3 Objectives..................................................................................
6
Literature review............................................................... ...............
7
2.1 Industrial Waste and its Negative Impacts towards Soil and the
Environment. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7
2.2 Phytoremediation technologies.........................................................
8
2.3 Plants with phytoaccumulator potential....................................... .........
10
2.4 Potentiality of Pongamia pinnata as a hyperaccumulator of heavy
3.0
4.0
metals for phytoremediation purposes................................................
13
Methodology.... ..•........................ ..................... ................................
15
3.1 Experimental Design ................................:....................................
~5
3.2 Plant Growth Parameter Analyses for Pot Trials.................. ...... ...... .......
18
3.3 Soil Analyses for Growth Media.......................................................
21
3.4 Statistical analysis........................................................................
22
Results & Discussion...................... ...................................................
23
4.1
23
Growth Performance of P. pinnata Before and After Experiment............... 4.1.1 Performance in survival, height, stem diameter, fresh: dry
v
weight, root: shoot ratio and toxicity scores.................................
23
4.1.2 Dry biomass of shoots and roots and plant total dry biomass in
response to Mn slag treatments.. .. ............................................
28
4.2 General Soil Physicochemical Properties of Growth Media. .. ...... ............
31
4.3 Concentration of heavy metals in soil and plant parts of P. pinnata... ... ... .....
32
4.3.1 Heavy metal concentration in the growth media and plant parts of P.
pinnata before planting and after harvest..................... ...............
32
4.3.2 Heavy metal concentration in various plant parts (shoots and
roots).. .... ... ... ... ... ... ......... ...... ...... ...... ....... ....... .... ... ..........
36
4.3.3 Total of heavy metal concentration in the plant... ............ ... ........ ....
38
4.4 Phytoremediation potential of P. pinnata as a hyperaccumulator for
phytoremediation purposes......... ................................................ ...
41
4.4.1 Bioconcentration factors (BCF) & Translocation factors (TF)
of Heavy Metals... ... ... ...... ... ... ... ...... ... ...... ... ...... ............ .....
41
4.5 Comparison between the heavy metal concentrations to the specific
standards for soil in relation to growth of P. pinnata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
45
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations ...........:............................................. ...
51
6.0 References............................................................... ..................... ....
52
7.0 Appendices... .................. ... ........ .... ...... ... ... ...... ... ......... ... ... ... ... ... ......
60
VI
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ANOVA
Analysis of Variance
AVP
A vailable Phosphorus (P)
BCF
Bioconcentration factor
CEC
Cation Exchange Capacity
CRBD
Complete Randomized Block Design
EC
Electrical Conductivity
ICP-OES
Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometer
PPI
Phytoremediation Potential Indicator
RE
Removal efficiency
SE
Standard error
SD
Standard deviation
SPSS
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
TF
Translocation factor
TKN
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
TO
Treatment for Control (topsoil only)
T1
Treatment for topsoil + 10% Mn slag
T2
Treatm
