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those hazardous materials in the 2010 Toyota Camry. Members: Megan ... Fuel Hoses. Fuse Box. Engine Compartment. Electronics (3). Dash. Electronics (5).
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING under extended producer responsibility RESULTS
Navigation Display (1.2 mg)
ABS Applications (3 g)
HID Headlight Bulbs (20 mg)
Ride Control Systems (4 g)
Instrument Panel Bulb (40 mg)
(EPR) requires auto manufacturers to Total
12.9 kg Wheel Balance Weights (250 g)
Zinc Coatings (1g)
Vibration Dampers (300 g)
Steel Alloys (50 g) PVC (60 g)
Battery (11 kg)
Electronics (100 g)
Other
tion.The cost to
Removing Mercury Total Cost per Vehicle: $12.38
Model Description Labor Rate Removal Cost Part Removal Time
Total Cost Disposal Cost SOC Content
disposal costs for parts containing those hazardous materials in the 2010 Toyota Camry.
SOC Amount Removed
R y r ercu
M e g a r e v A
$93.77 per vehicle,
Total
C l a v o m e
61.2 mg
and the cost to cury is $12.34 per
) g m / $ ( ost
HID Headlight Bulbs Mercury Content: 20 mg Average Cost: $0.11
remove the lead is
remove the mer-
METHODOLOGY
Savings per vehicle after redesign
reduce the cost of complying with EPR
$11.98
$2.00
Main Body Control Unit
$1.50
Power Window Electronics (4)
mal design decision in the il-
$1.00
Cabin Electronics (2) Dash Electronics (5)
Cost of Alternatives ($/g)
lustrated scenario, at a
Fuel Hoses
$0.50 cost of alternatives,
0
20
$0.50
Engine Compartment Electronics (3) Fuse Box Navigation System
40
60
80
100
120
140
Lead Content (g)
the manufacturer is able to
Cost-Minimizing Design Decision under EPR
reduce this cost by $11.98 per vehicle.
spark plugs.The average cost per gram removed varies from $0.10 for infor multidisplay illumina-
nants during the dismantling stage of the vehicle life cycle.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
end of life. The average cost
strument panel bulbs to $4.49
choices under EPR by considering the cost of removing contami-
by considering disassembly and
from vehicles at their
$5
Total
Data Source: Gearhart 2003
proach, the manufacturer is able to
$2.50
Spark Plugs
$44.55 per vehicle. By making the opti-
$4
Currently Removed
NPV Average Lead Removal Cost ($/g)
moved, but
per gram of lead removal varies from $0.11 for fuel hoses to $5.24 for
Removal not Possible
By using a life cycle management ap-
policy. The NPV of the EPR cost is
currently removed
Fuel Hoses Lead Content: 40 g Average Cost: $0.11
Implications for Manufacturers
feasibly be rewhich are not
Aluminum Alloys (121 g)
Removal Possible
To understand the financial implications of automobile design
moval costs for lead and mercury
Removing Lead Total Cost per Vehicle: $93.77
Spark Plugs Lead Content: 0.6 g Average Cost: $5.24
Main Body Control Unit Lead Content: 3.8 g Average Cost: $4.54
Phased Out
OBJECTIVE
Our model estimates end of life re-
parts which can
$3
end of life removal costs.
Fuel Hoses (40 g)
Copper Alloys (1 kg)
mercury exist in
140.6 g
Navigation System Lead Content: 25 g Average Cost: $0.24
373 g Spark Plugs (0.6 g)
order to make that choice, manufacturers require information about the
Data Source: Griffith 2001
Other (373 g)
Total
Fuse Box Lead Content: 7g Average Cost: $0.41
Historic and Current Automotive Lead Uses
their product vs. the removal of contaminants at End of Life (EOL). In
Other
Engine Compartment Electronics (3) Lead Content: 22.7g Average Cost: $0.48
e g a Aver
d a e L
al v o Rem
$2
choose between the redesign of
Dash Electronics (5) Lead Content: 19 g Average Cost: $0.84
Multidisplay Illumination (1.2 mg)
lead and 61 mg of
) g / $ t( s o C $5
Convenience Light Switches (1.5 g)
$1
cury. Extended producer responsibility
Entertainment System (1.2 mg)
$4
substances including lead and mer-
63.6 mg
$3
a variety of environmentally harmful
Other (63.6 mg)
8.56 g
We find that 141 g of
Power Window Electronics (4) Lead Content: 15 g Average Cost: $1.57
Cabin Electronics (2) Lead Content: 7.5 g Average Cost: $1.28
$2
Automobiles are manufactured using
Historic and Current Automotive Mercury Uses
ANALYSIS
$1
BACKGROUND
Instrument Panel Bulb Mercury Content: 40 mg Average Cost: $0.10
Implications for Policy Makers Requiring manufacturers to eliminate the use of
vehicle. Across the
$2.00
outcome if the price of alternatives exceeds the
Main Body Control Unit
Power Window Electronics (4)
Additional Cost
Dash Electronics (5)
Cost of Alternatives ($/g)
the manufacturer will incur an additional cost
Fuel Hoses
0
20
$0.50
Engine Compartment Electronics (3) Fuse Box Navigation System
40
60
80
100
120
Lead Content (g)
of $37.73 per vehicle over
this amounts to 46 metric tons of
the optimal design EPR scenario.
Sub-Optimal Result of Lead Ban
lead, which can be removed at a cost of $31M, and 20 kg of mercury, which can be removed at a cost of $4M.
External Advisors: David Raney, Herb Lieberman
Members: Megan Barker, Jonathan Chang, Anastasiya Lazareva, Justin Lichter, Todd Matson
Client: Sims Metal Management
Faculty Advisor: Sangwon Suh
$1.00
Cabin Electronics (2)
per Vehicle: $37.73
entire 2010 Camry fleet,
TEAM
$1.50
EOL removal costs. We can see that in the Lead cost of lead alternatives,
BREN SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA
$2.50
Spark Plugs
lead-containing parts can lead to a sub-optimal
Ban scenario, at a $0.50 Multidisplay Illumination Mercury Content: 1.2 mg Average Cost: $4.98
NPV Average Lead Removal Cost ($/g)
140
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