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Seensa Qabeenyi uumamaan hundee jireenya dhala namati. Rakkinni horsiisee bultoota Booranaa damee lama kan of keessaa qabu dha. Inni tokkoffan, haala akkamiin yeroo dheeraf yookaan haala walirraa hincinnen horii horsiisuu fi nyaata horii gahaa kunuunsuun danda’ama kan jedhu dha. Inni lammaffa immoo, qabeenya uumamaa kaloo kessatti fi alatti argamu haala akkaamiin eegun danda’ama kan jedhu dha. Qabeenyi naannoo Booranaa yeroo amma uummata kan fayyadu dha. Akkasumas immoo, qabeenyi kun gara fuulduraattis haala qillensaa waliin walqabatee jijjirama dhufuf ummatichaaf gargaarsa guddaa kenna jedhamee kan eegamu dha. Akkuma guutummaa Itoophiyaatti, ittifufinsaan qabenya uumamma eeguuf gaheen uummata iddoo guddaa kan qabu ta’uun isaa kan beekamu dha. Kitaabni kun biqiltoota muraasa ta’an garuu nageenya qabeenya uumamaa fi lafa dheedinsa horii kan mirkaneessaan haala gabaabaatiin ibsa kenna. 2

Introduction Biodiversity is the principle component of life in which all of our livelihoods depend upon. The people of the Borana Region are challenged with supporting a sustainable pastoralist lifestyle while maintaining the biodiversity of the rangelands. The rich biodiversity still present in the region benefits communities now and in the future to withstand socio-economic and environmental uncertainties under a continually changing climate. The key to sustaining and protecting Ethiopia’s biodiversity heritage lies in the continued involvement of local people and the recognition that their land management practices help promote biodiversity. This guide highlights some of the plants and animals that are indicators of biodiversity and thus healthy rangelands of this region. 1

Seensa Akka odeeffannoo kitaaba qajelchaa kanatti Kitaabni kun afaan lamaan (afaan oromoo fi ingiliffaatti) fayyadamee haala sabni naannoo sanaa fi beektoota qabeenya kaloo, karoorsitoota qabenya uumamaa fi qorattotta muxanno giddu galessa qabaniif yookiin immoo, qorannoo eegalaniif jedhamee kan qophaahe dha. Kitaabni kun odeeffannoo gabaabaa fi ibsa baay’ee barbaachisaa ta’ee bocaa fi caasaa biqiltoota kanatti kan kennu dha. Bu’aan odeeffannoo kanaa biqiltoota nyaata horiif, qorichummaaf, eegumsa nannoof fayyadan fi maqaan gosa biqiltoota kanaa afaan oromootiin kennamee jira. Kitaabni kun biqiltoota sanyii dhibba tokoo (100) ta’aniifi bu’aa gurguddaa qaban irratti kan xiyyeffate

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Introduction This field guide is bilingual (Affan Oromo and English) to boost local use and designed to help rangeland managers, policy makers, biodiversity conservation planners, and junior researchers to identify native plant species of rangelands. The guide provides brief and concise descriptions of the key morphological features of each plant. Information on fodder value, medicinal uses, conservation notes and local names (where available) are included. The plant section contains only 100 species of high rangeland and biodiversity values and is presented in two parts: non-grass species and grasses. The last section presents a snapshot of the bird fauna of Yabello and Negele areas, including a brief description and conservation notes.

Seensa

Introduction

dha. Biqiltoonni kunis iddoo lamatti qoodamanii jiru. Isaanis; biqiltoota sanyii margaa hin tanee fi biqiltoota sanyii margaati. Kutaan innii dhumaa ibsa gabaaba simbirroota muraasa naannoo Nagallee fi Yaabeellootti argamanis kennee jira.

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Seensa Kitaabni qorannoo kan inni dhunfatu kutaa baay’ee xiqqoo nannaawaa Yaabelloo fi Nagallee godina Gujii fi Boorana walitti qabateera (Fakkii 1). Ibsi gosa walitti qabaa biqiloota garaa garaa (vegitationii) fakkii armaan gadii kenammee fi dandeettii dhunfaa irratti hundaa’e.

Introduction The field guide covers a small region around Yabello and Negele in the Borana and Guji zones, respectively (Fig. 1). The description of the vegetation types is based on the same figure and personal expertise.

ITCZ yeroo murta’aa keessatti gara kaaba fi kibaatti kan deemuu fi haala qilleensa Itoophiyaa kibbaa iddoolee tokko tokkoo kan murteessu dha. Qilleensi naannoo Booranaas haala deeminsa ITCZ tiin kan murtaa’u dha. Haalli qilleensa Boorana gammojjummaa fi baddaa kan qabu ta’ee rooba yeroo lama kan argatu dha. Walakkaa ji’a fulbaanaa eegalee hanga walakkaa ji’a sadaasaatti rooba yeroo dheeraaf kan argatu ta’ee, rooba yeroo gabaabaa ‘a immoo, ji’a amajjii eegalee hanga walakkaa ji’a bitooteesaatti kan argatu dha. Naannoon Booranaa waggaa keessaatti walii galaan miliimeetira 500 – 600 tti kan argatu dha. Akkasumas, naannoo Booranaatti bonni kan dheeratu dha. Tempireecherrii naannoo kanaa sentiigireedii 27 hanga 30 kan ta’uu dha.

Climate and Rainfall The rainfall pattern of some parts of southern Ethiopia is governed by the north and south ward movement of the Inter-tropical convergence Zone (ITCZ). Because of this, the Borana rangeland gets two rainy seasons; the main from mid-September to mid-November and the lesser from January – mid-March. The average annual rainfall of this area is 500 - 600 mm. The temperature of this area also fluctuates and the average maximum temperature is between 27 - 30 °C .

Fakkkii 1. Kartaa Fayyadama lafaa (Fig. 1. Land use/land cover map) 4

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Walitti qabaa biqiltoota garaa garaa

Vegetation

Vegetation Kitaaba qorannootiif akka iddaattoottii wanti baay’ee xiqqoo qofti filatamee; waliigalatti, gosa biqiltootaa garaa garaa (Vegetationii) nannawaa sanaa gababiinaan akka arman gaditti ibsameera. Bosona jiidhaa Afromonteenii Gosti walitti qabaa biqiltoota garaa garaa kun kan inni argamu olka’iinsa lafaa irratti ta’ee miseensonni isaa fakkenyaaf, Podocarpus falacatus, Pouteria adolf-friderici, sanyii Albizia garaa garaa fi gosa biqiltoota muka irratti biqilaanii fi (ipifaayitii) guddina isaaniif jiidhinsa kan barbadanii dha. Orkiidii, farnii fi biraayofaayitii kan kessatti hammatamani dha. Bosona goga Afromonteenii Gosti walitti qabaa biqiltoota garaa garaa kun Itoophiyaa keesatti iddoo garaa garaatti haa argamuyyu malee, naannoo Nagalleetti dhiheenyaan kan argamu bosonni 6

Although only few selected sites were sampled for the field guide, a generalized vegetation type of the surrounding areas in part will be briefly given below. Moist afro-montane forest This vegetation type occupies higher altitude and is comprised of, for example, Podocarpus falcatus, Pouteria adolfi-friderici, different Albizia species and various epiphytic orchids, ferns, mosses, lichens and liverworts. Dry afro-montane forest This vegetation type occurs very close to Negele and is locally called Mankubisa Forest. The characteristic species is Juniperus procera. Other trees and shrubs are also part of this forest. One of the Kalos, Kare Gutu was part of the Juniperus forest (dry afro-montane forest) which was once extensively distributed but now extremely localized.

Walitti qabaa biqiltoota garaa garaa Maanqubsaa bosona goga afromonteeniiti. Mallattoon sanyiisaa Juniperus procera, mukkeen biroo fi biqiltoonni xixiqqooon hedduun isaanii biqilaanii jiru. Armaan dura, kaloon Qarree Guutuu baay’iinaan gosa bosona Juniperusii akka ta’e qorannoon kun argisiisee jira. Wuudlaandii Combretum – Terminalia Gosti walitti qabama biqiltoota garaa garaa kun kan argamu lafa dakee (kan gaara hin taane) fi mallattoon sanyii isaa adda addaa Combretum fi Terminalia dha. Fakkeenyaaf, Terminalia brownii, Combretum collinum, Combretum molle fi kanneen kana fakkaatan wuudlaandii kana keessaatti argamu. Akkasumas, bosonni kun biqiltoota adda addaa fi sanyii margaa qabatee jira. Kaloon Odaa Yabbii guutummaatti wuudlaandii Combretum – Terminaaliati (Fakkii 2).

Vegetation

Combretum-Terminalia woodland. This vegetation type occurs at lower elevation and is characterized by different species of Combretum and Terminalia, e.g. Terminalia brownii, Combretum collinum, C. molle, etc. There are also various herbs and grass species. One of the Kalos, Oda Yabi is entirely comprised of this vegetation type (Fig. 2). Acacia-Commiphora woodlands. This vegetation type occurs at lower elevation with limited rainfall. The dominant species are different species of Combretum and Terminalia. This vegetation type is adapted to dry climate and most of the species lose their leaves during the dry season, e.g. Commiphora species. Fig. 3 gives an overview of the Acacia-Commiphora woodland.

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Walitti qabaa biqiltoota garaa garaa Fakkii 2. Wuudlaandii Combretum – Terminalia Odaa Yabbii (Fig. 2. Combretum-Terminalia woodland)

Fakkii 3. Wuudlaandii Acacia – Commiphora (Fig. 3 Acacia-Commiphora woodland)

Fakki 4 Gosti biqiltuu Plectranthus caninusnni xiyyoo kaloo Odaa Yabbiitti baay’aatee guddacha kan jiru dha. (Fig.4: Dense growth of Plectranthus caninus at the margin of Oda Yabi Kalo)

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Vegetation

Walitti qabaa biqiltoota garaa garaa Naannoo Odaa Yabbiitti sababa itti dhiheenya lafaqonnaatiif margi uumamaa, sanyiin biqiltoota adda addaa, gosti walitti qabamaa biqiltoota garaa garaa kan kessaatti argamu biqiltoota sanyii adda addaa biyyota garaa garaatii dhufaniin badaa jiru. Biqiltoonii biyyota alaati dhufan kun akka biqiltoota weerartuu tti kan madaalame yookiin haala ariifannaatiin kan wal horan (invasive species) jedhamu. Fakkeenyaaf, Parthenium, Plectanthus caninus fi Tagetes minuta naannoo qorannoo kanaatti argamu (Fakkii 2). Wuudlaandii Acacia – Commiphora Gosti walitti qabama biqiltoota garaa garaa kun kan inni argamu lafa dakee (kan gaara hin taane) fi rooba muraasa qabu keessatti dha. Wuudlaandiin kun sanyii Acacia fi Commiphoratiin kan dhunfatame yoo ta’u,

Vegetation

Grassland This occupies the vast plain of Liben and other areas in Borana and Guji Zones. Characteristic grasses such as Themeda triandera, Hyperrhenia spp, Chloris spp, Cenchrus ciliaris and Aristida spp. In areas where there are vertisol soils, this vegetation type is encroached by Acacia drepanolobium. Cultivated areas There are cultivations around the natural vegetation and Kalos. Some cultivated fields are abandoned and are the main source of invasive weeds that may later encroach into the natural environment (Fig. 4).

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Walitti qabaa biqiltoota garaa garaa biqiltoonni adda addaas keessatti argamu. Biqiltoonni wuudlaandii kanaa haala qillensa gogaa kan dandamatuu fi yeroo Bonaa keessa baala isaa kan harcaafatu dha. Fakkiin 3 ibsa walitti qabaa wuudlaandii Acacia – Commiphora kenna. Lafa Margaa Lafti Margaa kun kan inni baay’inaan argamu dirree Liibaniifi naannoo adda addaa godina Gujii fi Booranatti dha. Sanyiilee kan akka; Themeda triandra, Sanyii Hyperrhenia fi Chloris, Cenchrus ciliaris fi sanyii Biilaa (Aristida) naannoo lafa Margaa kanatti argamu. Naannoo biyyeen halluu suphee qabu jirutti gosti walitti qabama biqiltoota garaa garaa kun fullensaan (Acacia drepanolobium) dhunfatamee jira.

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Vegetation

Walitti qabaa biqiltoota garaa garaa

Vegetation

Lafa Qonnaa Lafti qonnaa naannawaa uumamaa walitti qabaama biqiltoota fi kalootti argama. Lafti qonnaa muraasni kan hinqotamnee akka madda jalqaba babal’ina biqiltoota araamaa kanaatti yookiinimmoo, akka biqiltoota weerartuu tti kan madaalame (haala ariifannaatiin kan wal horan) (invasive species) ta’e jira. Biqiltoonni weerartuun kun yeroo bodee biqiltoota uumamaa irratti dhiibba uumuu akka danda’an bekamee jira (Fakkiin 4).

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Reji

Wadera

Megado Harekelo

Hiyadima

Metasandstone, quartizite, biotite and muscovite schists

Kenticha

Foncha

Mormora Group: biotite schists, gneisses, marble and graphitic schists

Negele

Dawa

Shakiso Reji

Harekelo

Nitosols

Kenticha

Regosols

Negele

Dawa

Xerosols Lake Lithosols

540000

Alluvial and lacustrine deposites: sand, silt, clay, diatomite, limestone and beach sand Ignmbrite, unwelded tuffs, ash flows, rhyolitic flows, domes and trachyte Plateau basalts: Alkaline basalt and trachyte

Yabello

Marsh

720000

Meta Gefersa

Solonchaks Rendzinas

Pre-tectonic and syn-tectonic granite

420000

Lake

Hidlola

290000

380000

Fakkii 5/ Figure 5 12

470000

·

560000

Towns

30

Roads Rivers

post tectonic granite and syenite Roads

Mega

Rivers

1:1,800,000

0

Rock Surface

Syn-tectonic granite

60 650000

420000

late to post-tectonic granite

Mega

Diorite Gabbro

480000

Basalt flows, spatters cones and hyaloclastites

420000

480000

Hamanilei Formation: Oxfordian Limestone and Shale

480000

Undifferentiated alluvial, lacustrine and beach sediments Yabello Group: Quartzo-Feldsphatic Gneiss and Granulite

720000

Luvisols Fluvisols

Megado Hiyadima

Foncha

660000

Vertisols Cambisols

Wadera

Milema

540000

Flood basalt with minor salic flows

540000

Major Soils

Haranfama

Adola group: Amphibolite, quartzite and graphitic phyllite

Milema

Meta Gefersa

650000

Adola

Hagere Mariyam

Metaconglomerate and metasandstone

Yabello

Yerba Muda

Solemo Dimtu

Gerba

Makonnen Basalts: Flood basalts, commonly directly overlaying the crystalline basement

560000

Borana and Guji Zones Soil Map

Bore

Afele Kola

Tore

Teltele and Surma Basalts: Flood Basalts

Shakiso

Hagere Mariyam

470000

Gwanigwa

600000

660000

Adola

Dimtu

Gerba

600000

Biotite, Hornblende-biotite, Garnetamphibole, Garnet-Sillimarite, CalcSilicate and Muscovite Gneisses

380000

540000

Haranfama

290000

480000

Yerba Muda

Solemo

A comparative overview of the general geology of Borana and Guji zones are given in Fig. 6. Whereas Adola group characterizes areas around Negele and Yabello, metasandstone and post tectonic granites are absent from Yabello. On the other hand, Teltele and Surma basalts are lacking in Negele. Further references to Fig. 6 provide additional comparative information on the geology of both focal areas.

Wal bira qabinsi ibsa waliigalaa wa’ee ji’ooloojii godina Gujii fi Booranaa fakkii 6 keessatti kennamee jira. Gareen dhagaa Adoolaa nannawaa Nagallee fi Yaabeellootti kan argamu yoo ta’u, gareen dhagaa tokko tokoo immoo Yaabeellootti hin argamu. Akkasumas, dhagooleen garaa garaa Nagallee kessattis hin argaman. Fakkii 6 odeeffannoo dabalataa ji’ooloojii naannoo lamaaniifuu kennee jira.

Hidlola

120 Km 290000

380000

470000

·

Towns

1:1,750,000

0

560000

30

60

120 Km

420000

Bore

Afele Kola

Tore

650000

Geology Types Biotite and Hornblende Gneisses, Granulite and Migmatite with minor metasedimentary gneisses Biotite, hornblende, Sillimanite-garnet, calc-sillicate and quartzo feldespathic gneisses, marble and granulite

Geology

600000

Gwanigwa

560000

660000

470000

Borana and Guji Zones Geology Map

600000

380000

720000

290000

The soils of the Borana and Guji zones are diverse. There are 4 major soil types around the focus areas (Yabello and Negele areas) of the current field guide. These are vertisols, cambisols, lithosols and luvisols (Fig. 5). In both areas, combisols is the dominant soil type.

Ji’ooloojii

720000

Biyyeen godina Gujii fi Booranaa gosa baay’ee dha. Akka Xiyyeeffannnootti, gosoota biyyee warreen gurguddoo afur naannoo Yabelloo fi Nagallee kitaaba qajeelcha uumamaa ammaa keessatti argamu. Isaan kunneenis: Biyyee hala suphee qabaan (vertisols), litoosoolii (lithosols), fi luviisoolii (luvisols) dha. Fakkii 5 naannoo lamanittuu gosti biyyee kambiisoolii (combisols) baay’iinaan akka argamu kan agarsiisu dha.

Soil

660000

Biyyee

650000

Fakkii 6/ Figure 6 13

Mallattoolee

Symbols

Biqiltoota addaan baasuu

Qaama dhalaa/Pistil

Nyaata horii (Gaala, Loon fi Re’ootaaf) kan fayyaadu Grazing: This species has been identified as beneficial for cows, goats, sheep or camels. Mallattoon kun walumaa galatti qabeenya uumamaa fi biqiltoota Itoophiyaa keessaatti qofa argaman kan ibsu dha

Plant Identification

Qaama kormaa /Stamen

Daraaraa/ Flower

Ovaarii/Ovary

Baala Daraaraa/ Sepal

Biodiversity: Indicates a species that is endemic to the area or promotes biodiversity. Biqiltoota namaaf faayiidaa kennan ta’anii, akka qorichummaatti uummata naannoo sanaaf kan tajaajilani dha. Human Uses: Indicates a species that is used by the local population for Medicine or home use. Mallattoon kun biqiltoota akka weerartuutti madaalaman kan ibsu dha. Invasive: Indicates a species that replaces native species and in many cases is not beneficial for wildlife or grazing

Corqaa/Terminal Bud

Daraaraa/Flower

Daraaraa corqaa noodii irraa maddu / Axillary Bud

Baala/Leaf

Dhuka /Internode

Noodii/Node

Mallattoon kun biqiltoota beyladootaaf haala adda addaatiin tajaajila kennan ibsa. Wildlife: Plant that supports wildlife species Mallattoon kun biqiltoota summii ta’an (summii Loonii, Gaaloota fi Re’oota) kan ibsu dha.

Hidda /Root

Toxic, Indicates a species that is poisonous to cattle, goats or camel 14

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Arabdootessa

Asystasia charmian

Biqilaan kun itti fufinsaan yeroo dheeraaf jirata; hidda baay’een jirmi isaarraa kan maddaan, jalqabarratti kallatti garaa garaatti kan guddatu ta’ee, hanga meetira tokkoo kan ol dheeratuu fi rifeensa kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaaniikallatti lamaaniinuu rifeensa kan qabu ta’ee, seentimeetira 1.5 – 4.5 kan dheeratu dha. Gariin daraaroota isaa fiixee isaa irratti yabbuu ta’ee kan guddatu dha. Daraaroonnii isaanii adii ta’anii, kan halluu dhiilgee qaban, keessi isaanii rifeensa dirra isaanii irraafi jalatti kan qabani dha. Ujummoon daraaroota isaanii hundee isaanii irrattii qal’aa ta’anii gara fiixee isaaniitti kan bal’aatani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Re’ootaaf. Qorichummaaf – wal’aansa qufaa fi garaa kaasaaf gargaara. Perennial herb. Many emerging stems from the rootstock, ascending, straggling or erect, up to 1 m tall, with hairs. Leaves with hairs on both sides, 1.5 – 4.5 cm long. Inflorescence terminal spikes. Flowers white with pinkish marks, hairy inside, with upper and lower lips; tube slender at lower portion and enlarged at upper part. Uses: Browsed by goats. Medicinal – treatment of cough and diarrhea. 16

Dhummuugaa

Asystasia excellens

Biqilaan kun saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, refeensa magaala kan of irra qabu, hanga meetira 3 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi dameen isaa daalacha ta’e dha. Baaloonni isaaniiseentimeetira 3 – 4 kan dheeratu, gara hundee isaatti kan dhiphaatu ta’ee, kan rifeensa of irra qabu yookiin yeroo tokko tokko immoo gutummaatti mucucaataa ta’e dha. Gariin daraarota isaanii yabbuu ta’anii fiixee isaanii irratti kan guddataniifi daraarooni isaa kallatti walii isaanii irratti kan biqilani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu adda addaa qabu. Ujummonni daraaroota isaanii gara hundee isaaniitti qal’aa ta’anii gara fiixee isaaniitti kan bal’atani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata gaalootaa fi Re’ootaa. Horiin biqiltuu kan dheedan aannaan foolii addaa ta’e kennu. Shrub with brownish stem covered with hairs, up to 3 m tall; branches grey. Leaves 3 – 4.5 cm long, narrowed at the base, with hairs or sometimes almost smooth. Inflorescences terminal with opposite flowers. Flower pale blue lilac with dark purple or violet lower mid-lobe and throat, veins distinctly purplish, with lower and upper lips; tube slender at lower portion but enlarged towards the upper part. Uses: Browsed by camels and goat;s milk with distinct smell if eaten. 17

Gurbii Gurraattii

Asystasia guttata

Biqilaan kun itti fufinsaan (yeroo dheeraf) kan jiraatuu fi jirmi jabaataa kan qabu dha. Hidda isaa irra jalqabee kallaattii garaa garaa tiin kan guddatu, yeroo baay’ee muraasaf otoo hin dabiin kan guddatu ta’ee, hanga meetira 1.2 kan dheeratuu fi rifeensa kan of irra qabu dha. Baaloonni isaaniihanga seentimeetira 4.5 kan dheeratu, gara hundee isaatti kan dhiphaatu ta’ee, xiyyoon isaa kan rifeensa xixiqqoo qabu dha. Gariin daraarota isaanii yabbuu ta’anii fiixee isaanii irratti kan guddataniifi daraaroota kallatti walii isaanii irratti kan biqilchani dha. Daraaronni isaanii keelloo yookiin adii ta’anii mallattoo magariisa yookiin magaala of irra qabaniifi kan rifeensaa biqilchani dha. Ujummoonni daraaroota isaanii gara hundee isaaniitti qal’aa ta’anii gara fiixee isaaniitti kan bal’ataniifi rifeensa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii, Re’ootaa fi gaalotaati. Perennial herb with woody rootstock. Stem creeping-ascending or straggling, rarely erect, up to 1.2 m tall, covered with hairs. Leaves narrow at the base, 1.8 – 4.5 cm long, margins with minute hairs. Inflorescence terminal spike, with opposite flowers. Flowers pale yellow or cream with translucent green or brownish patches, with hairs and lower and upper lips, 5 corolla lobes; tubes hairy outside but smooth inside), with indistinct lower portion, the upper one enlarged. Uses: Browsed by cattle, goats and camels. 18

Qilxiphee

Barleria homoiothrica

Gabaabaa fi akka saaxootti (huraatti) kan guddatan ta’anii, hanga seentimeetira 50 tti kan ol dheeratan, of irraa rifeensaa fi qoraatti kan qabani dha. Baaloonni isaanii baay’ee gabaabaa ta’anii fiixee isaanii irratti kan qooraatti qabani dha. Gariin daraarota isaanii kallattii tokkoon kan wajjiin guddatanii fi hanga daraarota 8 ttii kan of irraa qabani dha. Daraaronni isaanii fiixee isaanii irraattii qoraatti kan qaban, halluun isaanii dhiilgee ta’anii halluu cuquliisa of keessatti kan qaban, hundee isaaniii irratti kan bal’atanii fi rifeensa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata gaalootaa fi Re’ootaati. Yeroo bonaa (yeroo margi hin jirreetti) nyaata saawwanii kan ta’u dha. Qorichummaf – wal’aansa dhukkuba ijaaf fayyada. Dwarf shrub. Stem 30 – 50 cm tall, with short and spreading white hairs and spines. Leaves very short (6 – 8 mm long), with short spines at the tip. Inflorescences one-sided spike with up to 8 flowers. Flowers with spines, pale blue-violet, wide at the base and with hairs, 5-lobed. Uses: Browsed by camels and goats; cattle browse it during dry season when there is a shortage of forage. Medicinal – treatment of eye diseases. 19

Sarii

Crossandra spinosa

Biqilaan kun jirmi isaa itti fufiinsaan lafarra deemuun yeroo lafa tuqu hidda kan uummatuufi yeroo dheeraaf kan jiraatu dha. Jirmi isaa seentimeetira 30 – 40 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi kallaatti garaa garaatiin kan guddatu ta’ee, rifeensa of irra kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 1 – 1.3 tti kan dheeratanii fi hundee isaanii irrattii dhiphaa ta’ani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii dhuka isaanii irratti yabbuu ta’anii kan guddatani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu keelloo calaqqisaa fi guutummatti rifeensa kan qaban ta’anii, baalii daraaroota isaanii dheerinaan kan walcalani fi laakoobsa 5 kan qabani dha. Ujummoon daraaroota isaanii gara hundee isaaniitti kan dhiphatani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Re’ootati. Perennial stoloniferous herb. Stem creeping and rooting at lower nodes, ascending or rarely erect, 30 – 40 cm tall, hairy. Leaves 1 – 1.3 cm long, narrowing at the base. Inflorescence axillary spikes. Flowers bright yellow and densely hairy, with 5 unequal lobes, outer lobes much smaller than the mid-lobe; tube with swollen base. Uses: Browsed by goats. 20

Lokatoo

Ecbolium boranense

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee hanga meetira 2 tti kan ol dheeratu, qaamni isaa inni dulloome kan babbaqaquu fi fiixee isaa irratti rifeensa kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 1 – 4 tti kan guddatan ta’anii rifeensa kan qabani dha. Gariin daraarotaa isaanii yabbuu ta’anii, fiixee isaanii irratti kan guddatani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu magariisa ta’ee cuquliisa kan of keessattii qabu qabani dha. Gosti baala daraaraa isaanii hojjaan isaanii kan walcaaluufi rifeensa yabbuu kan of irratti guddisani dha. Ujummoonni daraaroota isaanii gara hundee isaaniitti kan gadi dabaniifi fiixee isaanii irratti kan bal’atani dhaFayyadama: Nyaata Loonii fi gaalootaati. Kan inni argamu Itoophiyaa fi Itoophiyaan alatti Keeniyaa keessaatti qofa. Shrub. Stem up to 2 m tall, smooth and cracking at its lower portion, youngest part of the stem with hairs. Leaves papery, 1.3 – 4 cm long, narrow at the base, with hairs. Inflorescences terminal spikes. Flowers bluish green, upper lip densely hairy, with lower larger and upper smaller lips; tubes distinctly curved downwards, gradually enlarging towards its upper portion. Uses: Browsed by cattle and camels. Occurs only in Kenya outside Ethiopia. 21

Agaagaroo Harree

Justicia odera

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, hanga meetira 1.3 tti kan ol dheeratuufi damee daalachaa fi mucucaataa kan qabu ta’ee, damee inni kichuun kan rifeensa of irra qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii hanga seentimeetira 2.5 tti kan dheeratan, hundee isaanii irratti kan dhiphatan ta’anii, rifeensa kan of irraa qaban yookiin mucucaata ta’ani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii yabbuu ta’anii, fiixee jirma isaanii irratti kan biqilan yookiin yeroo tokko tokkoo daraarootaa qofaa isaanii kallattii baala isaaniitti kan biqilaani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu keelloo kan qabaniifi hundee isaanii irratti mallatto adii kan qabani dha. Baalli daraaroota isaanii gosa lama ta’anii, hojjaan isaanii kan walcaalaaniifi rifeensa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii fi Re’ootati. Rigaa ilkaaniif gargaara. Shrub or shrublet. Stem up to 1.3 m tall, branches grey, smooth but young portion with hairs. Leaves up to 2.5 cm long, narrowed at the base, margins with minute hairs, smooth to hairy. Inflorescence terminal with clusters of flowers, sometimes reduced to solitary flowers in the upper leaf axils. Flower yellow, with whitish marks at the base, veins pinkish, with larger lower and smaller upper lips, hairy outside.Uses: Browsed by camels and goats; tooth brush. 22

Lokatoo

Ruttya fruticosa

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, meetira 1 – 2 tti kan ol dheeratu, dameen isaa inni dulloome kan babbaqaqu fi fiixee isaa irratti rifeensa kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 2 – 2.7 tti kan guddatan ta’anii, rifeensa yabbuu fi haphii kan qabani dha. Gariin daraarotaa isaanii damee yabbuu kan qaban ta’anii, utubduun daraarootaa isaanii hojjaan isaanii kan walhincaallee dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu diimaa ta’ee hundee isaarratti kan gurracha qabu dha. Baalli daraaroota isaanii gosa lama ta’anii, hojjaan isaanii kan walcaaluufi rifeensa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Shrub. Stem 1 – 2 m tall. Stem woody, branched, lower older portion cracking, upper portion hairy. Leaves 2 – 2.7 cm long, sparsely hairy but dense on the mid-ribs. Flowers terminal with flowers having the same length of stalk, upper flowers younger, older ones at the base of the inflorescence axis. Flowers red with black marks at the base, lower lip reflected and upper one erect. Uses: Browsed by camels and goats.

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Xuuxxoo

Thunbergia mauginii

Ittifufinsaan kan yeroo dheeraaf jiraatu ta’ee, hanga meetira 1 tti kan ol dheeraatuu fi jirma mucucaataa kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 3 – 4 tti kan guddatanii fi mucucaataa ta’ani dha. Daraaroonni qofa isaanii kan jiran ta’anii, kallatti walii isaaniitiin kan biqilanii fi halluun isaanii adii ta’ee mallattoo keelloo kan of irra qabani dha. Ujummoonni daraaroota isaanii gara hundee isaaniitti kan dhipatan, fiixee isaanii irratti kan bal’atanii fi rifeensa qabani dha. Fayyada: Nyaata Loonii fi Re’ootati. Itoophiyaatti qofa argama. Perennial climber. Stem up to 1 m long, smooth except at the nodes. Leaves 3 – 4 cm long, smooth. Flowers solitary, opposite or sometimes only one at the node, white with pale yellow throat; tube slightly curved, narrow at the base and gradually widen towards the upper part, with hairs. Uses: Browsed by cattle and goats. Endemic to Ethiopia.

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Diddigsaa

Chionothrix latifolia

Saaxoo (hura) yookiin muka xiqqaa ta’ee, hanga meetira 3.5 tti kan ol dheeratu (yeroo tokko tokko hanga meetira 4.5 tti kan ol dheeratuu) fi rifeensa kan qabu dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii fiixee isaanii irratti kan yabbatanii guddatanii fi daraaroota laakoofsa xiqqootii hanga baay’eetti of irraa kan qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluun isaanii adii ta’ee, rifeensa dheeraa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata gaalootati. Itoophiyaatti qofa argama. Shrub or small tree. Stem 3.5 to 4.5m tall high, with hairs. Leaves 1 – 5.5 cm long, with dense hairs. Inflorescences spike, few- to many-flowered, white and hairy. Flowers hidden with long fluffy hairs, with outer and middle parts. Uses: Browsed by camels. Endemic to Ethiopia.

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Cussonia holstii

Muka hanga meetira 20 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi solloqqeen jirma isaa babbaqaqa kan ta’e dha. Baaloonni isaanii guutummaatti 5 ta’anii, iddo tokkootii kan maddan, mucucaataa fi kan calaqqisani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii yabbuu ta’anii, fiixee isaanii irratti kan guddatani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii hojjaan isaanii xiqqoo ta’anii utubduu daraaraa hin qaban. Fayyadama: Yeroo bonaa nyaata Gaalootaa fi Re’oota ta’a. Mukni isaa meeshaa mana keessaa oomishuuf oola. Tree up to 20 m tall with straight bole. Stem bark thick, rough and fissured. Leaves with 5 leaflets distinctly arising from a single point, smooth, shiny. Inflorescences as spike. Flowers small and without stalk. Uses: browsed by camels and goats during dry season; for making household utensils.

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Schlecterella abyssinica

Akka hiddaatti kan guddatu ta’ee, qoccee dheeraa gara hundee isaatti qal’atee gara fiixee isaatti furdatu kan qabuu fi hanga meetira 1.5 tti kan dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 5 – 6 tti kan dheeratanii fi halluun isaanii magariisa ta’anii, mallattoo tuqaa baay’ee kan of irraa qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii ujummoo daraaroota caalanii kan guddatani dha. Fuduraan isaanii lama ta’anii, kallatti dalagaatiin kan wajjiin guddatanii fi halluu magaala kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Naannawaa sanatti baay’ee muraasatu argama. Slender climber with carrot-like tuber. Stem annual or perennial, twining up to 1.5 m long. Leaves 5 – 6 cm long, dull green, dotted. Flower smooth, fused male and female parts grow just beyond the mouth of the flower tube. Two fruits developing together, arranged horizontal to one another, brown, smooth and narrowing towards the tip. Locally rare.

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Gaalee

Jasminium grandiflorum

Akka hiddaatti kan guddatu ta’ee, jirma jabaataa kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii iddoo 3 tti kan qoodamee fi baalli inni gidduu baaloota lamaan qarqara jiraan irra kan guddaa ta’e dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii fiixee isaanii irratti kan guddatanii fi daraaroota baay’ee kan qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii urgaa gaarii kan qabanii fi halluun isaanii adii ta’anii, ujummoo dhiphaa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii, Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Woody climber. Leaves trifoliate, terminal leaftlets larger than the lateral ones, smooth. Inflorescence terminal, many-flowered, with smaller inflorescences lower in the leaf axils. Flowers with sweet smell, white to cream with slender tube. Uses: Browsed by cattle, camels and goats.

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Hadaa

Aspilia mossambicensis

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, akka hiddatti kan guddatuu fi hanga meetira 3 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Jirma isaa irratti rifeensa magaala dimaa qaba. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 1 – 5 tti kan dheeratanii fi rifeensa kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii mataguddeessaa ta’anii, daraaraa yabbuu fi gosa lama kan qabani dha. Daraaroonni warreen xiyyoo irra jiran, baalli daraaroota isaanii halluu keelloo kan kan qabanii fi dhalaa dha. Daraaroonni isaanii gosti lammaffaa halluun isaanii keelloo ta’anii, baala daraaroota 5 kan qabanii fi sarara dhiilgee kan of irraa qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata hooriif kan hin oolle, garuu naannawaa kanatti baay’ee ta’ee kan biqilu dha. Climbing shrub. Stem up to 3 m tall, sometimes reddish brown with hairs. Leaves 1 – 5 cm long, with appressed hairs, very rough to the touch. Inflorescences a head with many flowers, with more than one kind of flowers. Flowers: ray florets bright yellow, female or may have none; disc florets yellow, 5-lobed and often with purple lines. Uses: Not for forage but very common in the landscape.

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Guuroo

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Gutenbergia boranensis

Xixxiixuu

Klenia squarrosa

Biqiltuu waggaa yookiin waggaa lamaa ol turu ta’ee, seentimeetira 20 – 50 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi rifeensa kan of irra qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 0.5 – 3 tti kan dheeratu, hundee isaanii irratti kan dhiphatan ta’anii, dirra jala isaanii irratti kan rifeensa adii qaban, dirra isaanii kan olii irratti mucucaataa ta’anii fi halluu magariisa qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii mataguddeessaa ta’anii, daraaroota yabbuu fi gosa tokkoo qofa kan qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu diiminee yookiin dhiilgee kan qaban ta’aanii, hundee isaanii irratti rifeensa kan akka haphee fakkaatu qabu. Fayyadama: Sababa Baaloonni isaanii hin harcaaneef jecha akka nyaata Looniitti yeroo bonaa fi gannaa fayyada. Qorichummaaf – wal’aansa qaama dhiita’eef.

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, akka hiddaatti kan guddatu, hanga meetira 4 tti kan ol dheeratu, jirmaa fi dameen isaa bishaan baay’ee kan qabatu, dameen isaa kan dagaagee fi sarara diimaa yookiin magariisaa fi diiminee qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii bishaan baay’ee kan qabanii fi yeroo daraaraan kan harca’ani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii mataguddeessa ta’anii, daraaroota gosa tokkoo fi daraaroota 10 – 15 tti kan of irraa qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu diiminee yookiin dhiilgee kan qabanii fi ujummoon daraaroota isaanii hundee isaanii irrattii kan dhiphatanii fi gara fiixee isaaniitti kan bal’atani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata jaallatamaa Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Gaaloonni yookiin Re’oonni yeroo biqiltuu kana nyaatan, fooliin aannan isaanii urgaa biqiltuu kana kennu dha.

Annual or short-lived bushy perennial herb. Stem leafy, with appressed hairs, 20 – 50 cm tall. Leaves 0.5 – 3 cm long, narrowed at the base, green on the upper surface but whitish below because of the dense hairs. Head hemispheric, with one kind of flowers. Flowers pink to purple, sticky at their lower portions because of glandular hairs. Uses: Browsed by cattle in both dry and wet seasons since the leaves remain green during both seasons. Medicinal – treatment of swollen parts of the body.

Climbing shrub. Stem up to 4 m tall with sprawling branches forming clumps, succulent, streaked with red or green and longitudinally with purple lines, has pungent smell when cut. Leaves fleshy, usually falling when the plant flowers. Head with one kind of flowers, 10 – 15-flowered. Flowers pink or pale purple; tube narrow at the base and gradually widening at the upper portion. Uses: Preferably browsed by camels and goats. Milk with distinct ‘klenia’ smell. 31



Klenia abyssinica

Waggaa lamaa ol kan turu ta’ee, hundee isaa irratti kan qoccee qabu, seentimeetira 15 – 200 kan guddatuu fi jirmi isaa mucucaataa ta’e dha. Baaloonni isaanii bishaan baa’yee kan qabatan, halluun isaanii magariisa daaroftuu ta’ee, mallattoo diiminee yookiin magariisa keelloo kan qabu dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii mataguddeessa ta’anii, daraaroota gosa tokkoo kan qabanii fi yeroo guddatan kan gadi rarra’ani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu calaqisaa diimaa yookiin halluu diimaa kan qaban ta’anii, ujummoon isaanii hundee isaanii irratti kan dhiphatanii fi gara fiixee isaaniitti kan bala’tani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata hooriif faayiidaa hin qabu. Garuu, naannoo sanatti baay’ee ta’ee kan hin argamnee fi kaloo keessaatti qofa kan argamu dha.

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Tuberous perennial herb. Stem 15 – 200 cm tall, covered with very thin whitish waxy substance, smooth. Leaves ashy green with purple marks or yellowish-green, fleshy, smooth, 0.5 – 13 cm long. Head with one kind of flower, nodding in bud stage. Flowers bright red or scarlet; tube narrow below and widening above, smooth to touch. Uses: No use by livestock reported but it is locally rare and confined to Kalos. An indicator of healthy rangeland.



Osteospermum vailliantii

Biqiltuu waggaa ta’ee, baala qabeessaa fi hundee isaa irratti kan jabaatuu fi seentimeetira 25 – 75 kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloota isaanii irratti akka haphee kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii mataguddeessa ta’anii, gosa daraaroota lamaa kan qabanii fi yeroo fuduraa uummatan kan gadi rarra’ani dha. Daraaroonni xiyyoo irratti argaman dhalaa fi halluun isaanii keelloo kan ta’e, daraaroonni isaanii lammaaffaa halluu keelloo kan qabanii fi balaa daraaroota 5 kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata hooriif faayiidaa kan hin qabnee, garuu naannoo kalootti baay’inaan kan argamani dha. Annual herb. Stem leafy, erect, woody at the base, 25 – 75 cm tall. Leaves sticky to the touch due to glandular hairs. Head with two kinds of flowers, nodding in fruiting stage. Flowers: Ray florets yellow; disc florets yellow with 5 lobes. Uses: No use by livestock reported but it is very common in open places in the Kalos.

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Kuubaa

Parthenium hysterophorus

Waggaa lamaa ol kan turu ta’ee, hanga seentimeetira 60 tti kan ol dheeratu, damee baay’ee kan qabuu fi dameen isaa halluu magariisa daalachaa’aa kan qabu dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii mataguddeessa ta’anii, gosa daraaroota lama ta’an kan qabanii fi yabbuu ta’anii kan guddatani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii xiyyoo irratti argaman dhalaa fi halluu adii kan qaban, daraaroonni isaanii kan lammaaffaa immoo, halluu adii kan qabanii fi balaa daraaroota 4 kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Biqiltuu weerartuu kan ta’e, walitti tujjee kan biqiluu danda’uu fi gosa biqiltoota uumamaa xiqqeessuu yookiin baallessuu kan danda’u dha. Perennial herb. Stem up to 60 cm tall, many branched, grey-green. Leaves grey-green, with small hairs. Inflorescence a head with two kinds of flowers, numerous. Flowers: Ray florets female, white; disc florets white with 4 lobes. Uses: Invasive and spreading from agricultural fields into the Kalos and forming dense stands in some places. 34



Tarchonanthus camphoratus

Saaxoo (hura) yookiin muka foolii gaarii qabu ta’ee, hanga meetira 8 tti kan ol dheeratu fi halluun damee isaa inni kichuun daalachaa’aa yookiin magaala kan ta’e dha. Baaloonni isaanii fuula lama kan qaban ta’anii, fuulli isaanii inni jalaa daarooftuu fi fuulli isaanii inni irra keessaa immoo cululuqaa fi magariisa dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii yabbuu ta’anii, gosa dararoota dhalaa yookiin kormaa kan qabanii fi laakoofsa daraaroota 10 – 20 ta’an kan of irraa qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu adii fi foolii gaarii qabu. Fayyadama: Biqiltuu weerartuu kan ta’e, walitti tujjee kan biqiluu danda’uu fi gosa biqiltoota uumamaa xiqqeessuu yookiin balleessuu kan danda’u dha. Strongly aromatic (camphor smell) shrub or tree. Stem up to 8 m tall, young branches with grey or brownish. Leaves smooth and green on the upper surface but whitish on the lower one, hairs mixed with small golden glandular hairs. Inflorescence a head densely woolly, with either male or female flowers,with male florets 10 – 20-flowered and the one with female flowers is with 4 – 5 flowers. Flowers cream-white, aromatic. Uses: Invasive and it has the potential to form a dense stand and replace the other native plants by limiting sunlight. 35



Vernonia galamensis

Biqiltuu waggaa ta’ee, hanga meetira 1.5 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi rifeensa qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii hanga seentimeetira 5 tti kan dheeratanii fi rifeensa qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii mataguddeessaa ta’anii, daraaroota gosa lama kan qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluun isaanii cuquliisa yookiin adii ta’e keelloo yookiin magariisa of keessatti kan qabanii fi boca silinderii kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif faayiidaa kan hin qabnee, garuu kaloo keessatti baay’inaan kan hin argamne dha. Annual herb. Stem up to 1.5 m tall, with appressed hairs and rough to the touch. Leaves up to 5 cm long, upper surface slightly hairy and the lower one with few or many hairs. Inflorescence a hemispheric head with one kind of flower. Flowers bright blue to almost white, sometimes flushed pale yellow or green, narrowly funnel-shaped. Uses: No use reported by livestock but it was locally rare inside only one Kalo system. 36

Gurbii Hadhooftuu

Volutaria boranensis

Biqiltuu waggaa ta’ee, seentimeetira 10 – 60 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi damee baay’ee qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii kan mooddodan ta’anii, rifeensa kan of irraa qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii gosa daraaroota lama qabu. Halluun daraaroota isaanii adii, diiminee, dhiilgee yookiin cuquliisa dha. Daraaroonni isaanii xiyyoo irraa naanna’anii argaman maseenaa fi gosti isaanii lammaaffaa immoo, kormaa fi dhalaa ta’anii baala daraaroota 5 kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Gaalootaa qofaaf faayiidaa kan kennu dha. Biqiltuun kun naannoo biqiltoota Itoophiyaa Sidaamoo Jedhamu qofatti argama. Annual herb. Stem 10 – 60 cm tall, with many branches, rough with short white hairs. Leaves rough and hairy. Inflorescence a head with two different kinds of flowers. Flowers white, pink or pale purple or pale blue; ray florets sterile disc florets with 5 lobes. Uses: Browsed only by camels. It occurs only in Sidamo (SD) floristic region in Ethiopia. 37

Baddannaa

Balanites aegyptiaca

Muka xiqqoo ta’ee, hanga meetira 8 tti kan guddatuu fi qoraattii baay’ee kan of irraa qabu dha. Jirmi isaa inni jalqaba halluun isaa magariisa darooftuu ta’ee, yeroo boddee gara magaalatti kan jijjiramu dha. Baaloonni isaanii gosa lama ta’anii, baaloonni xixiqqoon qoraattii isaanii irratti kan biqilaanii fi baaloonni gurguddoon jirma isaanii irraa kan biqilani dha. Gariin darartoota isaanii bakka tokkotti walitti tuujjanii kan jiranii fi daraaroota 2 – 15 kan qabani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii keelloo yookiin cuquliisa fi magariisa makaa ta’e dha. Fuduraan isaa yeroo bilchaatu halluu keelloo kan qabu dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Small tree up to 8 m tall, with spines. Stem and spines greyish-green when young turning light brown with age. Leaves two kinds: very small ones on the spine and larger leaves only on stems. Inflorescences with 2 – 15 flowers clustered together. Flowers yellowish – or blue-green. Fruits yellow when ripe. Uses: Browsed by camels and goats. 38

Halluu

Barbeya oleoides

Saaxoo (hura) yookiin muka hanga meetira 11 tti ol dheeratuu fi damee baay’ee qabu ta’ee, hanga itti dhiyaatanii arganitti ejersa kan fakkaatu dha. Qolli jirma isaa yeroo muramu halluun isaa dhiiga kan fakkaatuu fi haphee kan ta’e dha. Baaloonni isaanii fuula lama ta’anii, fuulli isaa irra keessaa kan calaqqiisuu fi fuulli isaa jalaa immoo, halluu darooftuu kan qabu dha. Halluun daraaroota isaa inni kormaan magaala dha. Fayyadama: Qolli jirma isaa akka halluu uumamaatti faayiidaa kan kennu dha. Akka gaddisaattis ni fayyada. Shrub or tree up to 11 m tall. Stem with many branches, superficially resembles African olive tree; bark grey on older trees, slashes on the bark are deep blood red, sticky. Leaves olive-like, shiny on the upper surface but greyish beneath. Male flowers rusty brown. Uses: Bark used as a natural dye to paint house utensils; important shade tree. 39



Cystostemon ethiopicus

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, hanga seentimeetira 80 tti kan ol guddatu, rifeensa kan of irra qabuu fi fagootti yoo ilaalan halluun isaa keelloo daarooftuu kan fakkaatu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 2 – 6 kan dheeratan, hanga seentimeetira 1.8 tti kan bal’attanii fi rifeensa halluu darooftuu kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii daraaroota 3 – 9 tti kan qaban ta’anii, fiixee yookiin kallatti baala isaanii irraa kan maddani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii adii ta’ee, wiirtuu isaanii irratti mallattoo magariisa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Itoophiyaa qofaatti kan argamu dha. Bara dheeraa dura (waggaa 30 dura) yoo gabaasame iyyuu, hanga ammaatti baay’inaan sassaabamee qorannoof kan hin dhiyaanne dha. Yeroo amma kaloo Qarree Guutuu keessaatti biqilaa jira. Shrub growing to 80 cm tall, the whole plant covered with hairs and appears yellowish grey. Leaves covered with grey hairs and 2 – 6 cm long and up to 1.8 cm wide. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, 3 – 9-flowered. Flowers white with pale green center. Uses: Endemic to Ethiopia. It occurs only in Sidamo floristic region of Ethiopia and known only from two collections from almost three decades ago. Currently, it was recorded from Kare Gutu Kalo. 40



Heliotropium cinerascens

Biqiltuu waggaa ta’ee, hundee isaa irratti kan jabaatu dha. Jirmi isaa hanga seentimeetira 40 tti kan ol dheeratu ta’ee, rifeensa yabbuu kan qabuu fi halluun jirma isaa cuquliisa daarooftuu kan fakkaatu dha. Baaloonni isaanii rifeensa yabbuu kan qabanii fi halluun fuula isaani inni jalaa meetii fakkaata. Daraaroonni isaanii yabbuu ta’anii kan guddatani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Gaalootaa qofaaf faayyaada. Qorichuummaf – wal’aansa michiif gargaara. Herb with woody base. Stem ascending, growing up to 40 cm tall, densely covered with appressed hairs which gives the stem a blue-grey appearance. Leaves densely covered with short, soft white hairs, silvery on the lower surface. Flowers densely crowded. Uses: Browsed only by camels. Medicinal – treatment for ‘michi’.

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Wellstedia filtuensis

Waggaa lama ol kan turu, yabbuu ta’ee kan guddatuu fi damee lafa irra yaa’u kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii halluu darooftuu fi rifeensa yabbuu kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii baala qabeessa dha. Daraaroonni isaanii xixiqqoo ta’anii fuduraan isaanii sanyii tokko qofa kan qabu dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif kan hin fayyadne, garuu gosa biqiltuu Selaginella yemensis jedhamu naannoo Qarree Guutuutti badaa jiruuf idoollee kan ta’e dha. Perennial cushion forming herb, with creeping branches. Leaves pale grey, densely covered with stiff hairs on both surfaces. Inflorescence leafy. Flowers small. Fruit always with 1 seed. Uses: It is locally common and provides refugia for the last remaining population of Selaginella yemensis in the area.

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Hammeessa

Commiphora africana

Saaxoo (hura) yookiin muka hanga meetira 6 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Solloqqeen Jirma isaa halluun isaa daarooftuu yookiin magaala kan ta’ee fi dameen isaa rifeensa kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii iddo tokkootii kan maddanii fi rifeensa kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii daraaroota 1 – 3 kan qabanii fi fuduraan isaanii boca geengoo kan fakkaatani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Shrub or tree up to 6 m tall. Stem bark greyish to brownish, peels in small papery flakes, fissured on older portions, branches with hairs. Leaves with 3 leaflets emerging from a single point, hairy. Inflorescence with 1 – 3 flowers. Fruits usually rounded. Uses: Browsed by camels and goats.

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Raafuu

Cleome gynandra

Biqiltuu waggaa ta’ee, hanga seeentimeetira 50 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi rifeensa qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii 5 – 7 ta’an iddoo tokkootii kan maddaan, mucucaataa yookiin rifeensa haphee qabuutiin kan uwwisamee dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii daraaroota yabbuu fi baay’ee kan qaban ta’anii, hanga seentimeetira 30 tti dheeratani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluun isaanii adii ta’ee, siiqqeen isaa daraaroota isa dhalaa seentimeetira 1 – 2 tii kan dheeratu dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii, Re’ootaa fi Gaalootaati. Yeroo sooratni dhabamu yookiin yeroo Bonaa, baaloonni isaanii akka nyaata namaatti faayiidaa kennu. Annual herb. Stem up to 50 cm tall, covered with hairs. Leaves with 5 – 7 leaflets, smooth or with sticky hairs mainly on the veins. Inflorescence dense and many-flowered, elongating up to 30 cm in fruit. Flowers white, the axis carrying both male and female parts is slender, up to 2 cm long in fruit and smooth; axis bearing female part of the flower 1 – 2 cm long in fruit. Uses: Browsed by cattle, goats and camels. Leaves eaten by people during shortage of food. 44

Bir’eessa

Terminalia brownii

Muka hanga meetira 10 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi irra isaa keessaatti kan dagaagu dha. Solloqqeen jirma isaa hojjaa isaatiin babbaqaqaa dha. Baaloonni isaanii warren kichuun rifeensa kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii yabbuu ta’anii kan guddatanii fi hanga seentimetira 12 tti kan dheeratani dha. Fuduraan isaanii halluu dhiilgee diimtuu fi baallee lama kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii, Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Gaaddisa horiif, akkasumas, meeshaa aannaanii uluuf tajaajila kenna. Tree growing up to 10 m tall, with a large spreading crown. Bark greyish, longitudinally fissured. Leaves hairy when young. Inflorescence a spike which grows to 12 cm long. Fruits reddish-purple to crimsom and with 2 wings. Uses: Browsed by cattle, camels and goats. It also provides shade for livestock and is used for fumigating milk containers.

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Gaalee

Cladostigma hildebrandtioides

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, akka hiddaatti kan guddatuu fi hanga meetira 2 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Dameen isaa inni kichuun rifeensa kan qabu ta’ee, garuu yeroo dullomu mucucaataa kan ta’u dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 2 – 4 tti kan dheeratan, walitti tutanii kan guddatanii fi rifeensa kan qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii warreen kormaa fi dhalaan garaa garaa ta’anii kan biqilanii fi rifeensa kan qabani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii magariisa dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii, Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Horii umuuriin isaanii xixiqqoo ta’aniif, akka nyaata gariitti tajaajila. Akkasumas, Lafti dheedichaa haala garii irra akka jiru kan mirkaneessu dha. Climbing shrub growing up to 2 m tall. Young branches with hairs and older ones smooth. Leaves in 2 – 4 clusters together, with appressed hairs. Male inflorescence with 4 – 7 flowers, hairy; female inflorescence clusters in a group of 2 – 3 together, sometimes single. Flowers greenish. Uses: Indicator of healthy productive rangeland. Browsed by camels, cattle and goats; good for hay making for calves, kids and lambs.

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Kalanchoe marmorata

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi hanga meetira 1.2 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Jirmi isaa jalqaba hundee isaa irraa eegalee lafa irra kan guddatu ta’ee, booda immoo kan ol qajeelee guddatu dha. Baaloonni isaanii halluu magariisa darooftuu kan qaban ta’anii, mallattoo dhiilgee of keessaatti kan qabanii fi bishaana baay’ee kan qabatani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu adii fi ujummoo dheeraa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif faayiidaa kan hin qabne, garuu naannoo kaloo Odaa Yabbiitti kan baay’inaan argamu dha. Perennial herb growing up to 1.2 m tall. Stem creeping at the base and then turns upright. Leaves grey-green, with large purple spots, succulent. Flowers white with long tube. Uses: It is locally common.

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Euclea divinorum

Saaxoo (hura) yookiin muka xixiqqoo hanga meetira 9 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi yeroo Bonaa kan baala isaa hin harcaafanne dha. Solloqqeen jirmaaf damee isaa halluu magaala darooftuu yookiin gurraacha kan qabu ta’ee, hojjaa isaatiin kan babbaqaqe dha. Baaloonni isaanii boca diyaamandii kan qabanii fi xiyyoon baaloota isaanii kan olii fi gadi dabu dha. Daraaroota korma fi dhalaa kan qaban ta’anii, daraaroonni isaanii inni kormaan gudda kan ta’e dha. Fayyadama: Yeroo Bonaa fi Gannaa nyaata Gaalootaaf ta’a. Yeroo Bonaa (yeroo nyaatni hin jirree) Re’ootni yeroo nyaatan garaa isaan kaasa.

Ciraa

Euphorbia monacantha

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi jirmi isaa kan hundee isaa irraa maddu ta’ee, halluu magariisa fi qorratti kan of irraa qabu dha.Gariin daraaroota isaanii fiixee jirma isaanii irratti kan biqilani dha. Hallun daraaroota isaanii keelloo dha. Fayaadama: Qorichuummaf – wal’aansa cophixoo fi gara dhukkubbiif tajaajila. Biqiltuun kun Itoophiyaa qofaatti kan argamu dha. Succulent perennial herb. All stems arising from base, green with spines. Inflorescence at the terminal axils of stems. Flowers yellow. Uses: Medicinal – treatment of Gonnorhrea, stomach aches. It is endemic to Ethiopia.

Shrub or small tree up to 9 m tall, evergreen. Bark grey-brown to black, usually rough to the touch, longitudinally fissured. Young branches smooth. Leaves almost diamond-shaped, margins more or less wavy. Male flowers larger than the female ones. Uses: Browsed by camels during all seasons. It is also browsed by goats during dry season but it causes severe diarrhea. 48

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Arkennaa

Monadenium ellenbeckii

Biqiltuu lafa irra guddatuu fi dameen isaa hundee isaa irraa maddu dha. Jirmi isaa boca silinderii kan qabu ta’ee, bishaan baay’ee kan of keessaatti qabatuu fi halluu magariisa kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii jalqaba irratti kan harcaa’u, garuu yeroo irra jiran miliimeetira 8 – 10 tti kan dheeratani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii fiixee jirma isaanii irratti kan biqilani dha.Daraarooni isaanii halluu keelloo kan qaban ta’anii, baaloota xixiqqoo halluu magariisa ta’aniin uwwisamanii jiru. Fayyadama: Qorichuummaaf – hiddii isaa wal’aansa qufaaf kan tajaajilu dha. Itoophiyaa qofatti kan argamu dha. Creeping herb and mainly branching from the base. Stem cylindrical, succulent, green, longitudinally grooved and with raised leaf scars, smooth. Leaves fall off early but when present measure from 8 – 10 mm in length. Inflorescence from the upper axils. Flowers yellow and enclosed by green bracts. Uses: Medicinal – roots are used to treat common cold. It is endemic to Ethiopia.

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Fulleensa

Acacia drepanolobium

Saaxoo (hura) yookiin muka xixiqqoo ta’ee, hanga meetira 5 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi dameen isaa rifeensa kan qabu dha. Qoraattooni isaa hundee isaanii irraatii kan dhiita’an ta’anii, boca geengoo fi halluu magaala dhiilgee kan qabani dha. Baala qabeessa ta’ee, baaloota xixiqqoo 3 – 13 kallatti tokko irraa maddaan kan qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu adii kan qaban ta’anii, boca geengoo kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Fuduraan isaa nyaata Loonii, Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Biqiltuu weerartuu ta’ee, walitti tujjee kan biqiluu danda’uu fi gosa biqiltoota uumamaa xiqqeessuu yookiin balleessuu kan danda’u dha. Shrub or small tree up to 5 m tall. Stem branches with short hairs or smooth to the touch, spines fused at the base and enlarged into globose, purplish brown ant-galls. Leaves with 3 – 13 leaflets arranged in opposite rows. Flowers white or cream and form a globose head. Uses: Native plant but invasive and reduces the quality of rangeland. Pods eaten by cattle, camels and goats. 51



Acacia seyal

Muka hanga meetira 9 tti ol guddatu ta’ee, fiixee isaa irratti kan dagaaguu dha. Halluun Jirma isaa adii yookiin magariisa keelloo yookiin diimaa dha. Qoraattiin isaa hundee isaa irratti kan dhiita’e dha. Baala qaabeessa ta’ee, baaloota xixiqqoo 3 – 7 tti ta’anii, kallatti waliitiin maddaan kan qabu dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu keelloo fi boca geengoo kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif kan hin fayyadne, garuu mana fi dallaa ijaaruuf kan tajaajilu dha. Tree up to 9 m tall usually with flat crown. Stem bark has a powdery texture, white to greenish yellow or orange red, spines fused at bases and swollen. Leaves with 3-7 leaflets arranged in opposite rows. Flowers bright yellow and form a globose head. Uses: Construction of houses and barns.

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Saaph’eensa

Acacia mellifera

Saaxoo (hura) yookiin muka hanga meetira 8 tti ol guddatu ta’ee, dameen isaa halluu magaala fi rifeensa kan qabu dha. Qoraattoonni isaa okkoo fakkaatu. Baala qabeessa ta’ee, baaloota xixiqqoo 4 – 6 tti ta’anii, kallatti waliitiin maddaan kan qabu dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu adii kan qabanii fi fuduraan isaanii qajeelaa ta’e dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Akkasumas, dallaa ijaarsaf tajaajila kenna. Shrub or tree up to 8 m tall. Stem branches brownish and hairy or smooth when young. Spines two, hooked. Leaves with 4- 6 leaflets arranged in opposite rows. Flowers cream to white. Pods straight. Uses: Browsed by camels and goats; Barn construction.

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Acacia nilotica

Muka hanga meetira 14 tti kan ol dheeratu ta’ee, dameen isaa mucucaataa, qoraattoonni isaa qajeelaa ta’anii, hanga seentimeetira 8 tti kan dheeratani dha. Baala qaabeessa ta’ee, baaloota xixiqqoo 2 – 14 tti ta’anii, kallatti waliitiin maddaan kan qabu dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluun isaanii keelloo calaqqisaa ta’ee, boca geengoo kan qabu dha. Fuduraan isaanii hudhaa baay’ee of irraa kan qabu dha. Fayyadama: Fuduraan isaanii nyaata Loonii, Gaalootaa fi Re’ootaf tajaajilu. Tree up to 14 m tall. Stem branches smooth to hairy, spine up to 8 cm long and straight. Leaves with 2 – 14 leaflets arranged in opposite rows. Flowers bright yellow and arranged in globose head. Pods constricted between the seeds. Uses: Pods eaten by cattle, camels and goats.



Enicostema axillare subsp. axillare

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi hanga seentimeetira 10 tti kan guddatu dha. Jirmi isaa lafa keessaatti kan guddatuu fi ol dheeratu ta’ee, damee baay’ee kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii hanga seentimeetira 10 tti kan dheeratanii fi garii daraaroota hojjaatiin baay’ee kan caalani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii kallatti baala isaanii tiin kan maddanii fi daraaroota baay’ee kan qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu adii fi ujummoota gara fiixee isaaniitti bal’atan kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif kan hin fayyadne ta’ee, garuu naannoo sanatti muraasan kan argamu dha. Perennial herb growing to 10 cm tall. Stem partly aerial and underground, with many branches. Leaves up to 10 cm long and smooth, distinctly longer than the axillary clusters of flowers. Inflorescence axillary and many-flowered. Flowers white and their tubes widen towards the tip. Uses: No livestock use reported and it is locally rare.

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Cabbii Adii

Endostemon tereticaulis

Biqiltuu akka saaxoo (hura) fakkaatuu fi hanga meetira tokkootti kan ol dheeratu dha. Jirmi isaa damee baay’ee kan qabu ta’ee, rifeensa halluu darooftuu of irra qaba. Baalli isaanii rifeensa yabbuu tiin uwwisaamaa dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii daraaroota 3 kan qaban ta’anii, halluun daraaroota isaanii dhiilgee yookiin diiminee dha. Fayyadama: Qorichuummaaf – Baaloonni isaanii wal’aansa dhukkuba hidhii gogsuu fi qaamni yeroo muramu dhiigni akka dhaabatuuf gargaara. Subshrub or woody herb up to 1 m tall. Stem with many branches, with greyish hairs. Leaves with more dense hairs on the lower surface. Bracts leaf-like and inflorescence 3-flowered. Flowers deep purple or violet, with upper and lower lobes; lower lobes larger than the side lobes. Uses: Leaves used for blood clotting and lip burn. It is very common in the Kalo systems.

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Clerodendrum myricoides

Saaxoo (hura) qajeelaa yookiin kan hidda fakkaatuu fi hanga meetira 4 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Jirmi isaa mucucaataa yookiin xiqqo xiqqoo rifeensa kan qabu dha.Baalli isaanii yeroo tokko tokko dhukarratti lamaa ol ta’ee kan biqiluu fi fiixee isaa irratti bakka tokkotti walitti qabamee kan guddatu dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii daraaroota 2 – 7 tti kan qaban ta’anii, halluun isaanii adii dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif faayiidaa kan hin qabne dha, garuu kaloo keesatti baay’inaan argama. Shrub, erect or climbing, growing up to 4 m tall. Stem angular, smooth or slightly hairy. Leaves sometimes more than two at nodes and crowded towards the tip of short shoots. Inflorescence with 2 – 7 flowers. Flowers white. Uses: common plant in the Kalo system but no uses by livestock reported.

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Shukaayii

Otostegia erlangeri

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, hanga meetira 5 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 1 – 3 tti kan dheeratan ta’anii, gariin daraaroota isaanii hanga daraaroota 5 tti kan of irraa qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu adii fi baala daraaroota gosa lama kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Biqilaan kun summooftuu kan ta’e dha. Re’een yeroo biqiltuu kana nyaatte ni duuti. Shrub up to 5 m tall. Leaves 1 – 3 cm long. Inflorescence with up to 6 flowers. Flowers white, with lower and upper lips; lower lips with three lobes. Uses: Poisonous; goats die after browsing the leaves.

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Plectranthus caninus

Biqiltuu waggaa ta’ee, bishaan baay’ee kan of keessaatti qabatuu fi hanga seentimeetira 40 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Biqiltuun kun urgaa gaarii hintaane kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 3 – 6 tti kan dheeratan, bishaan baay’ee kan of keessaatti qabatanii fi rifeensa kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii fiixee isaanii irratti yabbu ta’anii, kan guddatani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii cuquliisa yookiin dhiilgee ta’ee, ujummoon isaanii qajeelaa dha. Fayyadama: Biqiltuu weerartuu ta’ee, walitti tujjee kan biqiluu danda’uu fi gosa biqiltoota uumamaa xiqqeessuu yookiin balleessuu kan danda’u dha. Biqilaan kun summooftuu kan ta’e dha. Succulent annual herb, with hairs growing to 40 cm tall, with strong, unpleasant smell when crushed. Leaves 3 – 6 cm long, with hairs on both surfaces, fleshy. Inflorescence almost spikes. Flowers blue to purple with straight tubes. Uses: It is a notorious invasive species growing densely together and replacing other native species. Poisonous to livestock. 59

Qaxxee

Tinnea somalensis

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, hanga meetira 4 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Jirmi isaa inni kichuun rifeensa yabbuu kan qabu dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii daraaroota 1 – 3 kan qaban ta’anii, daraaroonni isaanii halluu cuquliisa yookiin dhiilgee fi baala daraaroota irraa fi jalaa kan qabu dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii, Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Shrub growing up to 4 m tall. Young stems covered with dense hairs. Inflorescence 1 – 3-flowered. Flowers dark blue or violet, with two lips: upper and lower lips, lower lips much larger than the upper one, with hairs. Uses: Browsed by cattle, camels and goats. Endemic to Ethiopia.

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Gurbii Adii

Hibiscus dongolensis

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, hanga meetira 1 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi qaamni isaanii hundii mucucaata dha. Baaloonni isaanii mucha xixiqqoo 3 kan of irraa qabanii fi dirri isaanii inni irraa halluu magariisa kan qabuu fi dirri isaanii inni jalaa immoo halluu daarooftu kan qabu dha. Dararooni isaanii halluu keelloo kan qaban ta’anii, wiirtuu isaanii irratti halluu magaala kan qabu yookiin kan hin qabne dha. Fuduraan isaanii bocni isaa geengoo ta’ee kan dheeratu dha. Fayyadama:Nyaata Loonii, Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Shrub growing up to 1 m tall, all parts smooth. Leaves with 3 shallow lobes, green on the upper surface and light greyish on the lower due to shiny hairs. Flowers yellow with or without small maroon centers. Fruit globose, longer than the enclosing flower part. Uses: Browsed by cattle, camels and goats.

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Hibiscus ovalifolius

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, hanga meetira 2 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi qaamni isaa kan mucucaatu yookiin rifeensa kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii muchaa xixiqqoo 3 kan of irraa qaban yookiin hin qabne dha. Dararooni isaanii halluu keelloo kan qaban ta’anii, wiirtuu isaanii irratti halluu magaala kan qabani dha. Fuduraan isaanii gabaabaa fi kutaa daraarootaatiin uwwisaamee jira. Fayyadama: Nyaata Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Shrub growing up to 2 m tall, all parts smooth to hairy. Leaves without lobes or with 3 lobes. Flowers borne at leaf axils, yellow with maroon centers. Fruits shorter and enclosed by a flower part. Uses: Browsed by camels and goats.

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Bungaala

Hibiscus flavifolius

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, hanga meetira 2 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Jirmi isaa rifeensa adii kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii rifeensa yabbuu kan qaban ta’anii, daraaroonni isaanii halluu adii kan qabanii fi kan dagaagani dha. Fayyadama: Yeroo Gannaa qofa akka nyaata Loonii, Gaalootaa fi Re’ootatti kan fayyadu dha. Yeroo Bonaa baala isaa kan harcaafatu dha. Shrub growing to 2 m tall. Stem covered with whitish hairs. Leaves with dense whitish hairs. Flower white with orange-reddish male part, spreading when open. Uses: Browsed only during wet season by cattle, camels and goats. It loses its leaves during dry season.

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Odaa

Ficus vasta

Muka ta’ee, hanga meetira 20 tti kan ol dheeratu fi fiixee isaa irratti kan baay’ee dagaagu dha. Jirmi isaa hundee isaa irratti kan bal’atuu fi dameen isaa inni kichuun kan rifeensa qabuu fi halluun isaa kan magaala ta’e dha. Baaloonni isaanii hundee isaanii irratti boca onnee kan fakkaatanii fi dirri isaanii inni jalaa qofti rifeensa kan qabu dha. Fuduraan isaanii boca geengoo ta’anii, kallatti baalootaatiin kan maddaani dha. Fayyadama: Gaaddisa horii yookiin namaaf kan tajaajilu ta’ee, simbirroota gosa adda addaaf akka idoolleetti fayyada. Tree up to 20 m tall, with a spreading crown. Stem distinct and widening at the base, young branches with brownish bark and hairy. Leaves with heart-shaped base, smooth above and hairy below. Figs 1 to many in leaf axils, globose. Uses: Provides shade for livestock and serves as perching places and sources of food for large number of bird species.

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Saarii Loonii

Commicarpus pedunculosus

Jirmi isaa bishaan baay’ee kan of keessaatti qabatu ta’ee, lafa irra kan guddatuu fi rifeensa xixiqqoo kan qabu yookiin mucucaata kan ta’e dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii bakka tokkoottii fi kallatti baalootaatiin kan maddani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii diiminee dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii, Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Yeroo Bonaa Karkarroo fi Booyyeen hidda isaa nyaachuudhaan akka bishaaniitti itti gargaaramu. Stem succulent, creeping and all parts of the plant covered with small hairs but sometimes smooth. Inflorescence umbel and borne at leaf axils. Flowers bright pink. Uses: Browsed by cattle, camel and goat. During the dry season, warthog and pigs eat the root and use it as a source of water.

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Gurbii Re’ee

Polygala sphenoptera

Biqiltuu waggaa yookiin waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi hanga seentimeetira 60 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Daraarooni isaanii halluu gara diimaatti gaalchu kan qabanii fi dirri isaanii inni irra keessaa kan olka’e dha. Sanyiin isaanii rifeensa adii kan of irra qabani dha. Fayyadama: Baay’inaan Re’ootaan nyaatama. Annual or perennial herb growing to up to 60 cm tall, with woody base. Flowers deep magenta and upper part with ridges along its surface. Seeds with white hairs. Uses: It is highly browsed by goats.

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Elamsa

Pentanisia ouranogyne

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi hanga seentimeetira 30 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Jirmi isaa damee baay’ee fi rifeensa kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii dhuka lama gidduutti dhiita’ee qaama argamu irratti baay’inaan kan guddatanii fi dhukni isaanii gabaabaa dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii cuquliisa ifaa dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Looniiti. Qorichuummaaf – Baaloonni isaanii rifeensa mata kan lallaafisu dha. Perennial herb growing to up to 30 cm tall. Stem with many branches and hairy. Leaves appear many at nodes due to short internodes. Flowers bright blue. Uses: Browsed by cattle. Medicinal – leaves used as a hair conditioner.

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Dhittacha

Dodonaea angustifolia

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, hanga meetira 3 tti kan guddatuu fi qaamni isaa mucucataa dha. Baaloonni isaanii hundee isaanii irratti kan dhiphatani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii magariisa ta’ee kan keelloo of keessatti qabu dha. Fuduraan isaanii boca geengoo fakkaatu. Fayyadama: Yeroo Bonni jabaatu akka nyaata Looniitti kan fayyadu dha. Biqiltuun kun mana ijarsaaf kan tajaajilu dha. Shrub up to 3 m tall, all parts smooth. Leaves narrowed at the base. Inflorescence terminal. Flowers yellowish green. Fruit circular in outline. Uses: Browsed by cattle during severe dry season; for house construction.

Jiraarsa

Haplocoelum foliolosum

Muka ta’ee, hanga meetira 10 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi halluun solloqqee isaa daarooftuu dha. Jirmi isaa damee baay’ee fi rifeensa halluu magaala ifaa kan qabu dha. Baala qabeessa ta’ee, baaloota xixiqqoo kallatti waliin biqilan, lakkoofsi isaanii 8 – 16 fi urgaa gaarii qaban kan qabu dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii keelloo yookiin magariisa dha. Fuduraan isaanii halluu diimaa yookiin Burtukaana kan fakkaatan ta’anii, boca geengoo kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Biqiltuu kun mana ijaarsaa fi meeshaa qonnaa oomishuuf tajaajila kan qabu ta’ee, akkasumas, rigaa ilkaanii kan ta’u dha. Tree up to 10 m tall with grey bark. Stem branched, small branches with hairs, light brownish. Leaves borne on short lateral dwarf shoots and terminal long shoots; 8 – 16 leaflets arranged in opposite rows, with strong smell. Flowers yellowish or green. Fruits red or orange, ellipsoid. Uses: Browsed by camel and goat. Used in construction and making plows and tooth brushes.

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Biqqaa

Pappea capensis

Muka ta’ee, hanga meetira 12 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi halluun solloqqee isaa daarooftuu kan ta’e dha. Dameeleen isaanii warreen xixiqqoon rifeensa halluu keellootiin kan uwwisamani dha. Halluun baaloota isaanii magaala diimaa dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii adii yookiin magariisa ta’ee, kan keelloo of keessaa qabu dha. Fuduraan isaanii halluu keelloo fi boca geengoo kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii, Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Fuduraan isaaanii akka nyaata namaatti kan tajaajilani dha. Tree growing to 12 m tall with rough, dark grey bark. Small branches covered with yellow hairs. Leaves reddish-brown when young and green when older. Flowers white to yellow-green. Fruit almost globose and yellow. Uses: Browsed by cattle, camels and goats. Fruits are also edible.

Arabdooteessa

Cycnium erectum

Saaxoo (hura) hojjaa gabaabaa qabu, jirma ol dheeratuu fi qoccee kan fakkaatu of irratti kan qabu ta’ee, lafa keessaatti kan guddatu dha. Jirmi isaa hanga meetira 2 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii hanga seentimeetira 4 tti kan dheeratanii fi hundee isaanii irratti kan dhiphatani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii fiixee isaanii irratti kan guddatani dha. Daraaroonni isanii halluu adii fi baala daraaroota 5 kan qabani dha. Ujummoon daraaroota isaanii qajeelaa dha. Fayyadama: Qorichuummaaf – hiddi isaa wal’aansa garaa kaasaaf kan tajaajilu dha. Dwarf shrub with tuberous underground stem. Aerial stem erect, up to 2 m tall. Leaves up to 4 cm long, narrowed towards the base. Inflorescence terminal. Flowers white with 5 lobes and with either curved or straight tube. Uses: Medicinal – roots used to treat diarrhea.

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Selaginella yemensis

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi jirmi isaa lafa irra dagaagu dha. Baaloonni isaanii xixiqqoo fi hojjaa garaa garaa kan qabani dha. Qaamni wal hormaata isaa baay’ee xixiqqoo fi baala kan fakkaatu dha. Fayyadama: Haala jijjirama naannoo irraa kan madde biqiltuun kun muraasa yookiin kan baay’ee hin argamne dha. Perennial herb with widely creeping stem. Leaves closely to widely spaced, very small and of different sizes. Fertile part with very small and reduced leaf-like structure. Uses: It is locally very rare and recorded in one site. Its rarity is attributed to the degradation of the natural vegetation by human activities.

Hiddii

Solanum incanum

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, hanga meetira 1.5 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi qaama isaa hunda irratti qoraatti kan qabu dha. Qoraattiin isaa jirma isaa irratti ookkoo kan fakkaatuu fi baala isaa irratti immoo qajeelaa kan ta’e dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii diiminee fi halluun qaama kormaa isaanii immoo keelloo dha. Halluun fuduraa isaanii yeroo bilchaatan keelloo kan faakkaatu dha. Fayyadama: Qorichummaaf – Baaloonni isaanii yeroo qaamni namaa dhiigu akka dhiignii dhaabatuuf kan gargaarani dha. Shrub growing to about 1.5 m tall, all parts covered with spines; recurved spines on stems and straight spines on leaves. Flowers pale to dark purple with yellow anthers. Fruits yellow when ripe. Uses: Medicinal – leaves used for blood clotting when skin is cut.

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Hidda Xirooftuu

Withania somnifera

Saaxoo (hura) ta’ee, hanga meetira 2 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Jirmi isaa halluu magariisa kan qabuu fi rifeensaan kan uwwisame dha. Baaloonni isaanii hanga seentimeetira 2 tti kan dheeratanii fi rifeensa kan of irraa qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii kallatti baala isaaniitiin kan maddan ta’anii, daraaroota 4 – 16 kan of irraa qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu magariisa fi rifeensa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Qorichummaaf – hiddi isaa wal’aansa qufaa fi ija hamaaf kan tajaajilu dha. Shrub growing to 2 m tall. Stem greenish and covered with hairs. Leaves up to 2 cm long, slightly or densely covered with hairs. Inflorescences axillary, 4 – 16 –flowered. Flowers green and covered with hairs on their outer parts. Uses: Medicinal – roots used to treat common cold and evil spirit.

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Silaalcha

Dombeya kirikii

Saaxoo (hura) yookiin muka hanga meetira 4 tti ol dheeratu ta’ee, damee fi rifeensa baay’ee kan of irraa qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 2 – 11tti kan dheeratanii fi boca onnee fakkaatu kan of irraa qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii daraaroota baay’ee kan qabani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii adii fi urgaa gaarii kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Garuu, yeroo Bonaa yookiin waanti dheedamu yeroo dhibe qofa akka nyaata Looniitti tajaajila. Shrub or tree up to 4 m tall. Stem many branches, small branches covered with dense hairs. Leaves 2 – 11 cm long, almost heart-shaped. Inflorescence many flowered. Flowers white and with pleasant scent. Uses: Usually browsed by camel and goats; cattle browse only during dry season when other food sources are scarce.

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Wal Cabbii

Gnidia stenophylla

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turu, jirmi isaa qal’oo ta’ee, walitti tujjee kan biqiluu fi hanga seentimeetira 60 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii baay’ee qaqal’oo fi halluu daarooftu kan qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu keelloo yookiin adii fi bishaan baay’ee kan of keessaatti qabatani dha. Fayyadama: Qorichummaaf – hiddi isaa wal’aansa garaa dhukkuubbiif kan tajaajilu dha. Perennial herb with many slender stems growing to up to 60 cm tall. Leaves needle-like, smooth and appear greyish. Flowers yellow to white, thin or fleshy. Uses: Medicinal – The root is used to treat stomach aches.

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Urgoo Re’ee

Triumfetta flavescens

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turu yookiin saaxoo (hura) kan fakkaatu ta’ee, hanga meetira 1 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Jirmi isaa rifeensa halluu keelloo qabuun kan uwwisame dha. Baaloonni isaanii rifeensa kan qaban ta’anii, boca onnee fi yeroo tokko tokko mucha 3 kan of irraa qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii walitti tujjanii kan guddatanii fi rifeensa halluu keelloo kan qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii rifeensa halluu keelloo yookiin waarqee qabuutiin kan uwwisamani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii, Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Baaloonni isaanii akka hapheetti kan tajajilani dha. Perennial herb or subshrub reaching almost 1 m tall. Stem covered with yellowish hairs. Leaves hairy almost heart-shaped but sometimes more or less dissected into 3 lobes. Inflorescence covered with yellowish hairs and with clusters of flowers along the axis. Flowers covered with yellowish to golden hairs. Uses: Browsed by cattle, camels and goats. Leaves used as glue. 77

Arooressa

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Grewia mollis

Cophii Loonii

Cyphostemma adenocaule

Saaxoo (hura) yookiin muka ta’ee, hanga meetira 7 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Dameen isaa yeroo tokko tokko kan rarraa’u, rifeensa halluu diiminee yookiin daarooftu kan qabu ta’ee, qaama isaa irrartti xuqaalee adiin fafaca’anii jiru. Baaloonni isaanii halluu magariisa ta’ee, xiqqoo daalacha kan of keessaa qabanii fi dirri isaanii inni jalaa halluu daarroftu kan ta’e dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii kallattii baalatiin kan maddanii fi daraaroota 1 yookiin 3 kan of irraa qabani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii keelloo dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii, Gaalootaa fi Re’ootati. Sanyiin isaa nyaata namaaf kan fayyadu ta’ee, mukni isaa ulee fi mana ijaarsaaf kan tajaajilu dha.

Biqiltuu akka hiddaatti guddatuu fi hundeen hidda isaa qoccee kan fakkaatu dha. Jirmi isaa hanga meetira 3 tti kan ol dheeratu ta’ee, rifeensa halluu adii yookiin diimaa kan qabu, gaalee kan fakkaatu qaama isaa irraa kallatti baala isaatiin kan maddu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 1 – 6 tti kan dheeratan ta’anii, baaloota xixiqqoo 5 – 7 tti kan of irraa qabanii fi boca onnee fakkaatu kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii fiixee isaanii irratti kan guddatani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii xixiqqoo dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii, Gaaloota fi Re’ootati. Yeroo horiin cabu akka nyaata wal’aansatti kan tajaajilu dha. Lafti dheedumsa horii haala gaarii irra akka jiru kan mirkaneessu dha.

Shrub or tree up to 7 m tall; branches sometimes hanging low, young branches purplish to grey in color, with hairs and scattered white dots. Leaves pale green and smooth above and greyish with white hairs beneath. Inflorescence single, with 3 flowers. Flowers yellow. Uses: Browsed by cattle, camels and goats; seeds edible; for house construction and household items.

Climbing herb with tuberous rootstock. Stem 3 m long, smooth to covered with dense whitish or reddish hairs, with tendrils. Leaves with 5-7 leaflets, 1 – 6 cm long, heart-shaped at the base. Inflorescences terminal. Flowers small. Uses: Indicator of healthy productive rangeland. Browsed by cattle, camels and goats. Used to improve body condition of livestock. 79



Aloe yavellana

Saaxoo (hura) bishaan baay’ee of keessaatti qabatu ta’ee, meetira 1 – 3 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaa hundee isaa irraa kan maddan ta’anii, xiyyoo baaloota isaaniitti qoraatti fiixee diimaa qabanii fi dheerina seentimeetira 10 keesatti qoraattii lakkoofsa 14 – 17 ta’an kan qabu dha.Gariin daraaroota isaanii yabbuu ta’anii, daraaroota 6 – 10 kan of irraa qabani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu diimaa baay’ee ifu yookiin burtukaana fakkaatuu fi ujummoo dheeraa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Naannawaa Yaabelloo fi Maggaa qofatti kan argamu dha. Succulent shrub. Stem erect to 1 m tall or sprawling up to 3 m tall. Leaves in a rosette, with spiny margins, spines 14 – 17 per 10 cm and with reddish tips. Inflorescence 8 – 10 racemes; racemes dense with 6 – 10 flowers per 1 cm. Flowers tubular, dark scarlet to orange. Uses: Endemic to Yabello and Mega areas.

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Roobaan Jireettii

Chrolophytum neghellense

Biqiltuu jirmi isaa lafarra loo’u ta’ee, jirma lafa keessaa kan qabu dha. Hidda isaa irratti qoccee kan fakkaatu of irra kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii hundee isaa irraa kan maddanii fi yabbuu ta’anii kan guddatani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii lafarra kan loo’ani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaa adii dha. Fayyadama: Yeroo roobni roobu jalqabarratti yookiin haala ariifannaatiin kan biqiluu fi nyaata Looniif kan fayyadu dha. Itoophiyaa qofatti kan argamu dha. A creeping plant with horizontal underground stems. Lateral root branches with tubers. Leaves crowded at the base, with wavy margins. Inflorescence creeping along the surface of the ground. Flowers white. It emerges just in the beginning of the rainy season when other plants are still either underground or not yet producing leaves and grazed by cattle. Uses: Endemic to Ethiopia and occurs only in Bale floristic region outside this area.

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Sariitii

Asparagus racemosus

Saaxoo (hura) akka hiddaatti guddatuu fi hanga meetira 7 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Jirmi fi dameen isaa kan qoraattii qabu ta’ee, jirmi isaa boca qaamaa baala fakkaatu kan uumu dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii daraaroota baay’ee kan qabani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii adii ta’ee, makaa magariisa kan qabu fakkaata. Fuduraan isaanii bishaan baay’ee of keessaattii kan qabatanii fi jalqabarratti halluu magariisa kan qaban ta’anii, yeroo bilchaatan immoo halluu diimaa qabu. Fayyadama: Nyaata Re’ootaa fi Gaalootaati. Hiddi isaa akka foo’aatti kan tajaajilu dha. Climbing shrub growing up to 7 m tall. Stems and branches with spines. Stems forms leaf-like structures which are flat. Inflorescence many-flowered. Flowers greenish white to almost white. Fruit fleshy, green when young and turns red at maturity. Uses: Browsed by goats and camels. Fibers from the roots used for swings and household utensils.

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Bulbine abyssinica

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi walitti tujjee guddatu dha. Baaloonni isaanii hanga seentimeetira 30 tti kan ol dheeratanii fi gara hundee isaaniitti kan bal’atani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii daraaraoota baay’ee kan qabani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii keelloo ifaa yookiin yeroo tokko tokko immoo halluu dhiilgee yookiin magaala diimaa qabu. Daraaroonni isaanii inni kormaan yeroo hunda rifeensa halluu keelloo qabun kan uwwisame dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif kan tajaajila hin qabne dha. Garuu, kaloo fi naannawaa kalootti kan argamu dha. Perennial plant forming clumps. Leaves up to 30 cm tall and gradually widening towards the base to form sheaths that enclose the stem. Inflorescence many-flowered. Flowers bright yellow, sometimes with purple or red-brown lines on the outside surfaces. The male parts of the flower are usually covered with yellow hairs. Uses: No livestock use reported but commonly seen in the Kalo system. 83



Trachyandra saltii

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi hiddi isaa bishaan baay’ee of keessaatti qabatu dha. Baalloonni isaanii halluu magariisa kan qaban, gara hundee isaaniitti kan dhiphatanii fi hanga seentimeetira 15 tti kan dheeratani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii haphatanii kan dagaagani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu adii kan qaban ta’anii, dirra isaanii isa duubaatti sarara halluu magaalaa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif kan tajaajila hin qabne dha. Garuu, kaloo fi naannaawaa kalootti kan argamu dha. Perennial herb with many fleshy roots. Leaves slightly olive-green, gradually expanding towards the base, up to 35 cm tall, very narrow. Inflorescence lax. Flowers white with brownish dorsal lines. Uses: No livestock use reported but commonly seen in the Kalo system.

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Anelima gillettii

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi hidda qoccee fakkaatu qabu dha. Jirmi isaa hanga meetira 1 tti ol kan dheeratuu fi haphatee kan dagaagu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 7 – 11 tti kan dheeratanii fi hanga seentimeetira 3.4 tti kan bal’atani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii haphatanii kan dagaagani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu dhiilgee fi balaa daraaroota gosa lamaa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif kan tajaajila hin qabne dha. Garuu, naannoo biqiltoota itoophiyaa Sidamoo jedhamuu fi kaaba Keeniyaa qofatti argamu dha. Perennial herb with tuberous roots. Stem growing to about 1 m tall, unbranched or sparsely so. Leaves 7 – 11 cm long and about 3.4 cm wide. Inflorescence lax. Flowers purple or violet and with two lips of different sizes. Uses: No livestock use reported. It occurs only in Sidamo floristic region in Ethiopia and only North Kenya elsewhere. 85

Qayyoota

Commelina stephaniana

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turu, hundee hidda furdaa fi bishaan baay’ee of keessaatti qabatu dha. Dameen jirma isaa kan hundee isaa irraa maddu, lafarra kan loo’uu fi dhuka laman giddutti qaama isaa dhita’aa ta’e irratti hidda kan biqilchuu dha. Dameen jirma isaa inni olii kan dagaagu ta’ee, halluu diimaa kan qabu dha. Halluun baaloota isaanii dhiilgee ta’anii, magaala of keessaatti kan qabu dha Gariin daraaroota isaanii qaama baala fakkaatuun uwwisamaa dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu cuquliisa ifaa fi gosa baala daraaroota lama kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Looniiti. Biqiltuun kun Loon furdisuuf kan tajaajilu dha. Perennial herb with thick rootstock and fleshy roots. Stem with creeping lower branches which root at nodes and upper branches spreading, reddish. Leaves sheathing the stem; sheaths green or green with purple tinge; blades with brownish-purple spots on the upper half, usually without hairs. Inflorescence covered with leaf-like appendage. Flowers bright blue and with two lips. Uses: Grazed by cattle. It is considered to be very nutritious and locally used for fattening cattle. 86



Drimia altissima

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi hundeen isaa walitti tujjee kan guddatu ta’ee, hanga meetira 1.8 kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii hanga seentimeetira 40 tti kan dheeratanii fi hanga seentimeetira 40 kan bal’atani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii yabbuu fi hanga seentimeetira 60 tti kan ol dheeratani dha. Daraaroonni isaanii halluu adii yookiin adii ta’anii, kan magariisa of keessaattti qabanii fi dirri isaanii inni duubaa sarara magariisa yookiin dhiilgee kan qabu dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif kan tajaajila hin qabne dha. Garuu, baay’inaan kaloo keessaattii fi naannaawaa kalootti kan argamu dha. Perennial with distinct above ground bulbs which are clumped together and growing to 1.8 m tall. Leaves usually develop after the plant flowers, up to 40 cm long and 40 cm wide. Inflorescence dense and about 60 cm long. Flowers white to greenish white with green or purple dorsal lines. Uses: No livestock use reported but commonly seen in the Kalo system.

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Habenaria cultriformis



Gladiolus calcicola

Biqiltuu qajeelaa ta’ee, kan guddatuu fi hanga seentimeetira 70 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Jirmi isaa baala qabeessa dha. Baaloonni isaanii gara hundee isaaniitti gudda ta’anii, gara oliitti kan xiqqaatani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii daraaroota baay’ee kan qabani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii magariisa ta’ee, bishaan baay’ee kan of keessaatti qabatuu fi urgaa gaarii kan qabu dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif kan tajaajila hin qabne dha. Garuu, kaloo keessaatti qofa baay’ee muraasa ta’ee kan argamu dha. Dhiiyeenyatti biyya Yaman qofatti argama.

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi hanga seentimeetira 70 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Jirmi isaa lafa keessaattii kan guddatuu fi qoccee kan faakkatu dha. Baaloonni isaanii kan 5 – 6 tti baay’aatan, baaloonni gara hundee isaatti argaman dheeraa ta’anii, hojjaan isaanii garii daraaroota isaanii kan qaqqabu dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii daraaroota 2 – 4 kan qaban ta’anii, garuu yeroo muraasaf qofa hanga daraaroota 7 kan ta’ani dha. Halluun daraaroota isaanii diimineeta’ee, baalli daraaroota isaanii guutummaatti sarara gurraacha kan of irraa qabani dha. Ujummoon isaanii gara fiixee isaaniitti kan bal’atani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif kan tajaajila hin qabne dha. Garuu, baay’ee muraasa ta’ee kan argamu dha. Biqiltuu kun Itoophiyaa keessaatti qofa argama.

Erect herb growing from the ground, growing up to 70 cm tall. Stem leafy throughout its entire length. Leaves largest at the base, folded together; upper most leaves very small in size. Inflorescence many-flowered. Flowers green, with a sweet smell, fleshy and with lower and upper lips. Uses: No livestock use reported, Extremely rare (seen only once) in the Kalo system and absent in the surrounding unprotected areas. The closest place to find this species outside Ethiopia is in Yemen.

Perennial plant growing to 70 cm tall. Stem both underground and aerial: underground stem modified and rounded and aerial stem with leaves. Leaves 5 – 6 in number, the lower one is the longest and reaches the inflorescences. Inflorescences 2 – 4-flowered, rarely 7-flowered. Flowers pale salmon pink, darker along midline; flower tube widens towards its tip. Uses: No livestock use reported. Rare in and around the Kalo system. Endemic to Ethiopia and new record for this area. 89

Marga addaan baasuu

Grass Identification

Mata Guddeessa

Cenchrus ciliaris

Daraaraa Tuta xiqqaa daraarootaa/ Flowers and Spikelets Qaama kormaa Stamens Daraaraa/ Flower Anthers

Qola daraaraa margaa isa alaa /Lemma

Daraaraa margaa/ Floret

Tuta xiqqaa daraarootaa /Spikelet

Qola daraaraa margaa isa keessaa/ Palea

Bifa beekamaa garii daraaroota margaa/Common Forms

Panikilii tujjaa/Closed Panicle Ispaayikii/ Spike

Panikilii dagaagaa/ Open Panicle

Spreading Spike Ispaayikii dagaagaa /Digitate Spike

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Biqila isaa irrattii kan walitti tujjuu, jirmi isaa lafarra kan loo’uu fi dagaagu dha. Jirmi isaa hanga meetira 1.5 kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii kan walitti dacha’an yookiin diriiran ta’anii, kan moddodanii fi gara hundee isaaniitti jirma isaanii guutuummaatti uwwiisani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii yabbuu ta’anii fiixee isaanii irratti kan guddatanii fi halluu dhiilgee kan qabani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii guutuummaatti biilaa kan qaban ta’anii, lakkoofsi isaanii hanga 3 tti kan baay’aatan, garuu gosti tokko qofti kormaa fi dhalaa kan qabani dha; daraaroonni isaanii 2 yookiin yeroo toko tokko hanga 3 kan ta’an maseena dha.Baaloonni garii daraaroota isaanii hojjaa garaa garaa kan qabani dha. Baalli daraaroota isaanii rifeensa kan qaban yookiin kan hin qabnee fi biilaa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Looniif jaallatamaa dha. Biqiltuun kun haala dansaatti kan dheedamu dha. Tussocky perennial with spreading stolons. Culms up to 1.5 m tall. Leaf blades flat or folded, rough; basal sheath fan-shaped. Spikes numerous, crowded along the central axis forming a feathery head, up to 10 cm long, purplish. Spikelets usually with 3 flowers, single fetile floret surrounded by 2 or sometimes 3 sterile florets, all florets with long awns. Glumes unequal; fertile lemma slightly haired on the margins, sterile lemma smooth and reduced to scales with long awns. Uses: Preferred by cattle, good for grazing.

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Chloris amethystea

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi biqila isaa irrattii kan walitti tujjuu dha. Jirmi isaa seentimeetira 60 – 90 kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii kan walitti dacha’an yookiin diriiran ta’anii, kan moddodani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii hundee tokko qofa irraa kan maddan ta’anii, baay’inni isaanii 4 – 8 kan ta’anii fi seentimeetira 7 – 10 tti kan dheeratani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii daraaroota 2 fi baala kan qaban yookiin kan hin qabne dha. Baalli daraaroota isaanii gosa lama ta’anii, baala daraaroota isaanii warreen maseena ta’an hojjaan isaanii baay’ee xiqqaa fi biilaa hanga miliimeetira 1 qofa dheeratu kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan dheedamu dha. Itoophiyaatiin ala keeniyaa qofatti argama. Loosely tufted perennial with stolons. Culms 60 – 90 cm tall. Leaf blade flat or folded, rough. Inflorescence digitate or almost so, with 4-8 loosely ascending or spreading, bending 7 – 10 cm long spikes. Spikelets with 2 flowers, with or without awns. Fertile lemma almost flattened above, with appressed hairs on the margins, with very thin awn below the tip; sterile lemma scale-like, without awns or rarely with 1 mm long projection. Uses: Good for grazing; only occurs in Kenya outside Ethiopia. 92

Mata Guddeessa

Cenchrus ciliaris

Biqila isaa irrattii kan walitti tujjuu fi hidda yaafatu ta’ee, jirma isaa irraa jalqabee meetrira tokko kan ol dheeratuu fi damee danuu kan qabu dha. Baaloota diriira kan qabu ta’e, halluun baaloota isaa magariisa fi baaloonni isaanii rifeensa darbee darbee of irra kan qabani dha. Gariin daraarota isaanii boca silindarii kan qaban, sentimeetira 3-15 kan dheeratanii fi of irraa biilaa bay’inaan kan qabani dha. Qolli garee daraaroota isaanii harka namaa kan moddodan, biilaan isaanii inni keessaa hundee (madda) isaa waliin kan wal qabate, rogni keessa isaanii rifeensa xiqqoo qabaatanii daraaroota isaanii kan caalan ta’anii, biilaan isaanii inni diidaa baay’ee ta’anii, gabaabaa fi qal’a dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Looniif jallatamaa dha. Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan dheedamu dha. Loon marga kana dheede aannaan gaarii kan oomishu dha. Tufted or short rhizomatous; culm up to 1 m tall, much branched. Leaf blades flat, green or glaucous with scattered hairs. Inflorescence cylindrical, 3-15 cm long, densely bristly; rachis angular. Involucre with scabrid bristles; inner bristles fused at base, ciliate on the inner margins, exceeding the spikelets; outer bristles many, shorter and slender. Uses: Preferred by cattle and promotes high milk production; good grazing value.

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Arthraxon prionodes

Bal’atee kan walitti tujju ta’ee, wagga lamaa ol kan jiraatuu fi hundee isaa irratti riffensa kan qabu dha. Jirmi isaa jabaataafi kan hatattamaan cabu, kan ol hindhaabannee fi hanga seentimeetira 80 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaa jabaataa, seentimeetra 0.2 – 2 kan bal’atuu fi seentimeetra 3 – 6 tti kan dheeratu, mucucaataa yookiin rifeensa xixxiqqoo kan of irraa qabuu fi hundeen isaa onnee kan fakkatu dha. Gariin daraaroota isaa daraaroota 3 – 11 tti kan of irraa qabuu fi itubduun daraaroota isaa rifeensa xixxiqqoo kan qabu dha. Daraaroonni isaa gosa lamatti qoodamu: isaaniis, itubduu garii daraaroota kan qabanii fi kan hin qabne dha. Gosti lamaanuu biilaa of irraa qabu. Fayyadama: Dheedumsa horiitiif faayidaa muraasa kenna. Loosely tufted, wiry perennial from a knotty silky-villous base. Culms stiff and brittle, straggling and growing up to 80 cm high. Leaves tough, 0.5 – 2 cm broad, 3 – 6 cm long, smooth or with short hairs, heartshaped at its base. Inflorescences with 3 – 11 spikelets, with hairy pedicels. Spikelets two types: sessile and with stalk. Both types with awns. Uses: Low palatability. 94



Echinochloa haploclada

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi walitti tujju dha. Jirmi isaa meetira 0.75 – 2.5 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi damee kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii hanga seentimeetira 30 tti kan dheeratanii fi miliimeetira 10 kan bal’atan ta’anii, sarara dhiilgee kan of irraa qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii halluu dhiilgee fi rifeensa adii kan qabani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii qoraatti gabaabaa kan of irraa qabani dha. Fayyadama: Biqiltuu kun dansaatti kan hin dheedamne dha. Nyaata Looniif yeroo kichuu isaa qofa kan fayyadu dha. Perennial herb with tough tussocks. Culms growing from 0.75 m – 2.5 m tall and branching. Leaves up to 30 cm long and 10 mm wide, sometimes with horizontal purple bands. Inflorescence usually purple, congested and with white hairs. Spikelets with very short spines.Uses: Low grazing value. It is grazed only at the early stage. 95

Ogon Dhichoo

Pennisetum mezianum

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi jirma lafa keessaa lou’u gabaabaa kan qabu dha. Jirmi isaa hanga seentimeetira 100 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi jabaataa ta’ee, damee baay’ee kan qabu dha.Baaloonni isaanii diriiraa yookiin kan walitti dacha’ani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii yabbatanii kan guddatani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii kan qola daraarootaatiin uwwisaman ta’anii, rifeensa moddodan kan qabani dha. Baalli daraaroota isaanii hundee isaanii irratti daraaroota kormaa fi fiixee isaanii irratti daraaroota dhalaa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Looniif yeroo kichuu isaa qofa kan fayyadu ta’ee, yeroo qancaru immoo kan hin dheedamne dha. Itoophiyaa keessaatti naannoo biqiltoota Itoophiyaa Sidamoo qofatti kan argamu ta’ee, garuu Itoophiyaan alattis ni argama. Bushy perennial with short rhizome. Culms up to 1 m tall, slender, hard, smooth, with many nodes, many branches arising from the nodes. Leaf blades flat or folded, smooth. Inflorescences very dense spike. Involucres with 1 sessile spikelet surrounded by many rough hairs. Lower and upper glumes different; lemma almost as long as the spikelet, lower male or sterile. Uses: Sometimes grazed by cattle at young stage and unpalatable when plants are mature; thatching huts; occurs only in Sidamo in Ethiopia but also occurs outside Ethiopia. 96



Tetragopogon cenchriformis

Biqiltuu waggaa yookiin yeroo muraasaaf waggaa lamaa ol kan turu dha. Jirmi isaa hanga seentimeetira 50 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi dhuka lama gidduutti bakka dhiit’aa isaatti halluu gurraacha kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii diriiraa yookiin walitti kan dacha’ani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii yeroo hunda tokko ta’anii kan guddatanii fi huddun baala isaanii kan bokokuu fi garii daraaroota isaanii kan uwwisu dha. Halluun garii daraaroota isaanii magaala dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii daraaroota 7 – 8 tti kan qaban ta’anii, biilaa fi rifeensa lallaafaa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Looniiti. Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan dheedamuu fi yeroo jalqaba roobni roobu kan biqilu dha. Tufted annual or short-lived perennial; culm leafy, prostrate or ascending to 50 cm, nodes blackish. Leaf blades flat or folded. Spike always single, partially enclosed by inflated uppermost sheath, brownish. Spikelets 7-8-flowered, all florets with awn and with silky hairs, glumes longer than florets. Uses: Good for grazing and appears after the beginning of the rainy season. 97



Melinis repens

Biqiltuu waggaa yookiin yeroo muraasaaf waggaa lamaa ol kan turu dha. Jirmi isaa hanga meetira 1 tti kan ol dheeratu fi dhuka lama gidduutti bakka dhiita’aa isaa irratti hidda kan biqilchu dha. Baaloonni isaanii qaqal’oo dha. Gariin daraoota isaanii haphatanii kan dagaagan ta’anii, halluu diiminee fi rifeensa baay’ee kan qabani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii rifeensa kan qabani dha. Fayyaadama: Nyaata Looniiti. Biqiltuun kun yeroo kichuu isaa qofa kan dheedamuu fi yeroo qancaruu immoo kan hin dheedamne dha. Akkasumas, mana ajjersaafis kan tajaajilu dha. Tufted annual or short-lived perennial. Culms up to 1 m tall, rooting at lower nodes. Leaf blades linear. Inflorescence a panicle, distinctly pink, hairy. Spikelets hairy, pedicels with hairs; lower glumes separated from the upper one by internode. Uses: Grazed at early stage but becomes unpalatable at maturity. It is also used for thatching houses.

98

Citaa Biillaa

Heteropogon contortus

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi walitti tujju dha. Jirmi isaa qajeelaa ta’ee, seentimeetira 40 – 100 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii diriiraa yookiin walitti kan dacha’an ta’anii, hanga seentimeetira 25 tti kan dheeratani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii hanga seentimeetira 8 tti kan dheeratan, boca silinderii fi biilaa 8 – 10 tti kan of irraa qabani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii halluu magaala dukkanaa’aa ta’e kan qabanii fi biilaan isaanii walitti kan marame dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Looniiti. Biqiltuun kun yeroo kichuu isaa qofa kan dheedamuu yoo ta’u, yeroo qancaru immoo kan hin dheedamne dha. Tufted perennial. Culms slender, erect or ascending, 40 cm to 1 m tall. Leaf blades flat or folded, up to 25 cm long. Inflorescence long-exerted, grouped into a panicle, narrowly cylindrical, up to 8 cm long with 8-10 awns. Sessile spikelets dark brown, successive awns tightly twisting together. Pedicelled spikelets without gland and yellow brown wings, hairy. Uses: Good for grazing at early stage; turns unpalatable at the latter stage of its development. 99

Marga

Leptothrium senegalense

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi walitti tujju dha. Jirmi isaa baay’ee qal’aa fi hanga seeentimeetira 70 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii walittti kan dacha’ani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii qal’aa fi toora tokkon kan guddatani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii halluu magariisa ifaa fi mallattoo dhiilgee kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii fi Hoolotaati. Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan dheedamu dha. Tufted perennial. Culms slender, wiry and leafy up to 70 cm tall. Leaf blades often roll inward. Inflorescence linear with spikelets usually spaced singly or in pairs, sometimes all spikelets arranged singly. Spikelets pale green marked with purple, margins of lower glumes ciliate, with coarse and hooked hairs. Uses: Good grazing for cattle and sheep. 100

Biillaa

Aristida adscensionis

Biqiltuu waggaa yookiin waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi walitti tujju dha. Jirmi isaa hanga seentimeetira 60 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii qal’aa fi gara fiixee isaaniitti kan dhiphatani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii wal irraa fagaatanii kan dagaaganii fi halluu magaala kan qabani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii halluu magariisa yookiin dhiilgee kan qabani ta’anii, biilaan isaanii damee sadii kan qabani dha.Fayyadama: Nyaata Looniti. Biqiltuun kun yeroo kichuu isaa qofa kan dheedamuu fi yeroo qancaru immoo kan hin dheedamne dha. Biqiltuu kun yeroo kaloon gubatu baay’inaan kan babal’atu dha. Tufted annual or short-lived perennial. Culms slender growing up to 60 cm tall. Leaf blades linear and narrowing at the tip. Panicle loosely contracted and brownish. Spikelets green or purple. Awns distinctly with three branches. Uses: Grazed only at early stage and unpalatable when mature. It is a dominant grass after burning the Kalo (Kare Gutu). 101

Gisgissaa

Loudetia flavida

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi walitti tujju dha. Jirmi isaa gara hundee isaatti kan dhiita’ee, seentimeetira 30 – 150 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi dhuka lama gidduutti bakka dhiita’aa isaa irratti rifeensa kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii diriira fi hanga seentimeetira 30 tti kan dheeratan ta’anii, rifeensa kan qaban yookiin mucucaata kan ta’ani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii yabbuu ta’anii kan guddatanii fi kan rarra’ani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii tokko yookiin lama ta’anii kan guddatani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Looniiti. Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan hin dheedamnee fi yeroo kichuu isaa qofa kan dheedamu dha. Akkasumas, mana ajjersaafis kan tajaajilu dha. Tufted perennial. Culm slightly swollen at the base, erect, 30-150 cm tall, nodes bearded. Basal leaf sheaths usually woolly haired, sometimes only hairy. Leaf blades flat to filiform, up to 30 cm long, hairy or smooth. Panicle loose and bending or fairly dense, axis and branches smooth or hairy. Spikelets borne singly or in pairs, glumes smooth, sharp tipped; upper lemma with clavate hairs; anthers 3. Uses. Slightly grazed at early stage, low grazing value; good for thatching houses. 102

Qaxxisaa

Panicum maximum

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi walitti tujju dha. Jirmi isaa hanga meetira 3 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi damee kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii diriiraa ta’anii, seentimeetira 15 – 55 tti kan dheeratanii fi xiyyoon baaloota isaanii kan moddodani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii kan dagaagani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii mucucaatoo fi daararoota hundee isaanii irratti guddatan gosa kormaa qofa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii fi Hoolotaati. Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan dheedamuu fi hookaa dansaa kan ta’u dha. Tufted perennial from stout rootstock. Culms slender to robust, up to 3 m tall, usually erect and branching, nodes with small hairs. Leaf blades flat, 15 – 55 cm long, margins slightly to strongly rough to touch. Panicle loose, lowermost pedicles arranged around the node. Spikelets usually smooth, lower glume sheathing 1/3 of the floret, rounded at tip, upper one with more or less pointy tip. Lower lemma mostly male with developed palea; upper florets pale, with ridges. Uses: Good for grazing and hay making. 103

Citaa Adii

Cymbopogon schoenanthus

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi walitti baay’atee tujju dha. Jirmi isaa hanga meetira 1.3 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi mandhee baaloota isaatiin uwwisamaa dha. Baaloonni isaanii hanga seentimeetira 30 tti kan dheeratanii fi miliimeetira 3 tti kan bal’aatani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii kan dagaaganii fi rifeensa lallaafaa kan qabani dha. Tuutni xiqaa daraaroota isaanii biilaa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Loonii fi Hoolotaati. Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan dheedamuu fi hookaa dansaa kan ta’u dha. Densely tufted perennial. Culms growing up to 1.3 m tall and enclosed by tight bundles of old leaf sheaths. Leaves up to 30 cm long and 3 mm wide. Inflorescence a panicle; pedicels and other inflorescence parts are covered with white woolly hairs. Spikelets with awns. Uses: Good grazing and hay making.

104



Eragrostis capitulifera

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi mandheen baaloota isaa gara hundee jirma isaatti kan walitti tujjuu ta’ee, jirmi isaa gara wiirtuu isaa keessaatti argamu gogaa dha. Jirmi haaran xiyyoo isaatti kan guddatuu fi seentimeetira 4 – 40 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii diriira fi rifeensa haphii kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isanii tokko ta’anii kan guddatanii fi boca geengoo kan qabani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii halluu magariisa fi daraaroota 6 – 8 tti kan of irraa qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata Looniiti. Biqiltuu kun wuudlaandii Acacia – Commiphora qofa keessaatti kan argamu dha. Naannoo biqiltoota Itoophiyaa Baalee fi Sidaamoo qofa keessaatti kan argamu dha. Akkasumas, keeniyaa kaaba qofatti argama Perennial with tough clusters of basal leaf sheaths, central potion usually dead, new culms arise from the periphery. Culms 5-40 cm tall. Leaf blades flat, with soft hairs; junctions of leaf blade and sheath with hairs. Inflorescence a solitary panicle, tight and globose or ovoid head. Spikelets pale green, shortly exerted from the uppermost sheath, with 6 – 8 flowers. Lemma with prominent green nerves; palea rough. Uses: Restricted to Acacia – Commiphora woodlands of Bale and Sidamo floristic regions of Ethiopia; only in N Kenya outside Ethiopia. 105

Coqorsa

Eleusine floccifolia

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi jirmi isaa kan lafa keessa loo’u ta’ee, damee baay’ee kan qabu dha. Jirmi isaa seentimeetira 20 – 70 tti kan ol dheeratu, mandheen baaloota isaanii baay’ee fi halluu adii kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii iddoo tokkoo kan maddanii fi daraaroota lakkoofsa 2 – 8 tti ta’an kan of irraa qabani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii daraaroota 4 – 7 tti kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif kan faayiidaa hin qabnee fi kan hin dheedamne dha. Densely tufted perennial from strong branching rhizomes. Culms 20-70 cm tall, with many whitish leaf-sheaths at the base. Leaf blades strong, with tufts of white hairs along the margin. Inflorescence almost digitate with 2-8 slender, ascending or spreading spikes. Spikelets with 4-7 flowers; glumes dark grey; lemma pale green tinged with grey, tip pointy. Uses: Not good for grazing.

106



Enneanpogon persicus

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi walitti baay’inaan tujju dha. Jirmi isaa hanga seentimeetira 45 tti kan ol dheeratu ta’ee, garuu yeroo baay’ee muraasaaf hanga seentimeetira 70 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii walitti kan dachaa’an yookiin yeroo tokko tokko immoo diriiraa fi baay’ee dagaaga ta’ani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii kan dagaagani dha. Tuutni xiqqa daraaroota isaanii daraaroota hanga 4 tii qofa kan of irraa qabanii fi halluu magariisa daarooftuu yookiin dhiilgee kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiif kan hin faayyadnee fi baay’inaan oomishummaa kan hin qabne dha. Tufted perennial. Culms slender and grow to 45 cm tall, rarely 70 cm tall. Leaves usually folded and sometimes flat, diverging at wide angel from the culm. Inflorescence contracted panicle. Spikelets 4-flowered, tinged olive grey or purple, with hairs. Uses: Low grazing value. It is also low in productivity. 107

Citaa

Eustachys paspaloides

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi walitti haphatee tujju dha. Jirmi isaa hanga seentimeetira 80 tti kan ol dheeratu ta’ee, damee baay’ee kan qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii mucucaatoo ta’anii, diriiraa yookiin walitti kan dachaa’ani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii bakka tokoo kan maddan ta’anii, laakoofsa daraaroota 2 – 10 fi halluu warqee kan qabani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii daraaroota lama qofa fi biilaa gabaabaa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiiti. Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan dheedamu dha. Loosely tufted perennial arising from knotty rhizomes. Culms up to 80 cm tall, many branches from the lower nodes, with fan-shaped clusters of leaf sheaths. Leaf blades smooth, flat or folded. Inflorescence digitate with 2-10 golden to dark brown spikes. Spikelets with 2 flowers, lower florets fertile, upper florets sterile or male; lower glumes awnless, upper glumes with very short awn (up to 2 mm long). Fertile lemma with short hairs at margins, with up to 0.7 mm long awn. Uses: Good for grazing. 108

Citaa

Themeda triandra

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi hundee hidda gabaabaa qabu dha. Mandheen baaloota isaa hundee isaa irratti fo’aa fakkata. Jirmi isaa seentimeetira 30 – meetira 1.5 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii diriiraa yookiin kan walitti dacha’anii fi halluu magariisa ta’ee, kan cuquliisaa of of keessatti qabuu fi rifeensa kan qaban yookiin kan hin qabne dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii kan dagaagani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii daraaroota gosa adda adaa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiiti. Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan dheedamuu fi yeroo kaloon gubatu bal’inaan kaloo keessaatti kan biqilu dha. Strong tussocky perennial arising from a short rootstock. Basal leaf sheaths compressed and fibrous. Culms 30 cm – 1.5 m tall. Leaf blades flat or folded, pale-bluish green, rough, hairy or smooth. Panicle compound, lax and open with spaced clusters enclosed by purplish spathe (leaf-like appendage). Raceme with a group of 3 spikelets, one sessile and 2 pedicelled borne above two equal spikelets. Bases of the floret bearded; lower glumes dark brown when mature, smooth with spinulose tip. Uses: Good for grazing; burning increases this plant on the landscape. 109



Bothriochloa insculpta

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turu dha. Jirmi isaa jabaataa fi seentimeetira 30 – 150 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii seentimeetira 9 – 25 tii kan dheeratani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii urgaa gaarii kan qaban ta’anii, iddo tokkootii kan maddanii fi laakoobsa daraaroota 3 – 15 tti kan of irraa qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii halluun isaanii magariisa ta’ee, daarooftu kan of keesatti qabu yookiin dhiilgee dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii biilaa kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiiti. Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan dheedamuu fi baay’inaan oomishummaa kan hin qabne dha. Perennial with spreading tussock. Culms tough, bent first and ascending, 30-150 cm tall, nodes bearded. Leaf blades 9 – 25 cm long. Inflorescence aromatic with 3-15 almost digitate racemes; racemes silvery-green or often purplish; rhachis internodes and pedicels with silky hairs. Spikelets both sessile and pedicelled; lower glumes glossy; upper lemma with awns. Uses: Good for grazing but low productivity.

110



Sorghum purpureo-sericeum

Biqiltuu waggaa ta’ee, jirmi isaa tokko yookiin baay’ee ta’ee kan guddatuu fi seentimeetira 40 – 150 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii rifeensa kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii kan dagaaganii fi halluun isaanii magaala ta’ee, halluu warqee of keessaatti kan qabu dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii halluu magaala dukkanaa’aa yookiin gurraacha kan qaban ta’anii, halluu dhiilgee of keessaatti kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Sanyiin isaa nyaata Re’oota ta’ee, garuu faayiidaa xiqqaa kan qabu dha. Lafti qonnaa yeroo lafa ba’u biqiltuun kun lafa qonnaa fi idoollee biqiltoonni uumamaa argaman weeraruu kan danda’ani dha. Annual. Culms erect, solitary or tufted, 40-150 cm tall, bearded at the nodes with spreading hairs. Leaf blades hairy. Panicle with whorled branches, bending and then ascending with fragile racemes, rhachis internodes and pedicels with whitish, golden-brown hairs. Racemes with 2-5 spikelet pairs. Bases of sessile spikelets with long hairs; lower glumes dark-brown to purplish-black when mature, with 3-6 cm long awns. Pedicelled spikelets green. Uses: Low quality for grazing; seeds eaten by goats. It turns invasive when cultivated fields are abandoned. 111



Dactyloctenium aegyptium

Biqiltuu waggaa ta’ee, jirmi isaa hanga seentimeetira 70 tti kan ol dheeratuu fi jalqaba kan lafarra loo’u dha. Baaloonni isaanii diriiraa ta’anii, xiyyoo isaanii irratti rifeensa xixiqqoo kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii iddo tokkoo kan maddanii fi laakoobsa daraaroota1 – 9 tti kan of irraa qabani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii daraaroota 3 – 4 tti fi biilaa kan qaban yookiin kan hin qabne dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiiti. Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan dheedamuu fi nyaata qaama gabbisu dha. Slender to robust and spreading annual. Culms bending first and ascending to 70 cm, mat-forming, rarely erect. Leaf blades flat, margins with minute hairs. Inflorescence digitate with 1-9 spikes. Spikelets 3-4 flowered; upper glumes with rough awns, up to 2 times its size, lower ones awnless. Uses: Good for grazing with high nutritional value.

112



Chrysopogon aucheri

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi jirma hanga seentimeetira 60 tti ol dheeratu qabu dha. Baaloonni isaanii rifeensa yabbuu fi halluu magariisa ta’ee, cuquliisa of keessaatti qabu kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii kan dagaaganii fi tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii gosa daraaroota lama kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horii ta’ee, qaama gabbisuuf bu’aa muraasa kenna.Biqiltuun kun kan inni argamu naannoo biqiltoota Itoophiyaa Sidaamoo jedhamu qofatti. Tough tufted perennial. Culms up to 60 cm tall, branching but forming bushy clusters. Leaf blades densely hairy, pale bluish-green. Panicle up to 10 cm long. Spikelets two kinds: sessile and pedicelled, with brown marks at the base. Glumes pale bluish-green, with awns which are brownish almost about half of its length and then greyish and smooth. Anthers distinctly yellow and gives the panicle a yellowish appearance from a distance. Uses: Some grazing value; occurs only in Sidamo in Ethiopia. 113



Chrysopogon plumulosus

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi hundee hidda jabaataa qabu dha. Jirmi isaa qal’aa fi jabaataa ta’ee, seentimeetira 20 – 80 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii jabaatoo fi halluu magariisa ta’ee, cuquliisa o fkeessaatti qabu kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii kan dagaaganii fi tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii daraaroota gosa lama kan qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horii ta’ee, qaama gabbisuuf bu’aa muraasa kenna. Loosely tufted perennial from strong rootstock. Culms thin, hard and appears bushy above the base, 20 – 80 cm tall. Leaf blades tough, palea bluish-green, smooth. Panicle up 20 cm long. Spikelets two kinds: sessile and pedicelled, with brown marks at the base. Glumes brownish, upper glumes with hairy awns. Anthers distinctly brown and gives the panicle a brownish appearance from a distance. Uses: Some grazing value.

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Cynodon dactylon

Biqiltuu jirma lafa keessaa qabu ta’ee, walitti tujjee kan guddatu dha. Jirmi isaa seentimeetira 8 – 10 tti kan dheeratu dha. Baaloonni isaanii diriiraa ta’anii, halluu magariisa ta’ee cuquliisa of keessaatti qabu kan qabani dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii iddoo tokkoo kan maddanii fi lakkoofsa daraaroota 4 – 6 kan qaban ta’anii, halluu magariisa yookiin dhiilgee kan of irraa qabani dha. Tuutni xiqqaa daraaroota isaanii biilaa kan hin qabne dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiiti. Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan dheedamu dha. Slender, forming a closed grassy turf, with rhizome and stolons. Culms 8-10 cm long. Leaf blades flat, sometimes thread-like, pale bluish-green. Inflorescence with single digitate 4-6 green or purplish spikes.Spikelets up to 2.5 mm long; upper glumes almost ¾ times the length of the spikelets; lemma with silky hairs; palea smooth. Uses: Good for grazing.

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Tetrapogon villosus

Simbirroota Birds Stresemann’s Bush-crow (Zavattariornis stresemanni) Bifti isaa halluu daarooftuu fi fuulli isaa adii ta’ee, kaattuunii fi eegeen isaa halluu gurraacha kan qabu dha. Afaan, ijaa fi lukni isaa gurraacha dha. Yaadachiisa: Itoophiyaa qofatti kan argamu dha. Simbirroon kun naannoo xiqqoo kaaba Yaabeelloo fi kibba Maggaa qofatti kan argamu dha. Pale grey plumage with white face and black wings and tail. Bill, eyes and legs are black. Notes: Endemic to Ethiopia. Occurs just north of Yabello and south of Mega.

Biqiltuu waggaa lamaa ol turuu fi walitti tujju dha. Jirmi isaa qal’aa fi hanga seentimeetira 60 tti kan ol dheeratu dha. Baaloonnii isaa hundee jirma isaatti kan tujju ta’ee, mandhee jabaataa kan qabu dha. Gariin daraaroota isaanii rifeensa dheeraa fi dadhabaa kan qabani dha. Tuutni xiqaa daraaroota isaanii biilaa fi daraaroota 4 – 6 kan of irraa qabani dha. Fayyadama: Nyaata horiiti. Biqiltuun kun dansaatti kan dheedamu dha. Densely tufted perennial grass. Culms slender and growing up to 60 cm tall; nodes blackish. Leaves mainly clustered at the base with tough sheaths, tough and tightly folded. Inflorescence with weak and long hairs. Spikelets 4 – 6- flowered and all florets with awns. The lower 1 – 2 florets fertile. Uses: Good for grazing. 116

Prince Ruspoli’s turaco (Tauraco ruspolii) Guttiyyaan isaa baay’ee ta’ee, halluu dhiilgee adii kan of keessatti qabu dha. Halluun afaan isaa diimaa ta’ee, garuu ija isaa fulduratti halluu adii kan hin qabne dha. Yaadachiisa: Simbirroon kun Itoophiyaa qofatti baay’ee muraasaa ta’ee kan argamu, naannoo Nagallee fi Odaa Yabbiitti bosona hangaan xiqqoo ta’an keesssaattii dha. Crest is bushy and pink-cream. Bill is red but lacks white patch in front of eyes. Notes: Endemic to Ethiopia and very rare. Seen in a small remnant forest close to Negele and Oda Yabi Kalo. 117

Simbirroota Birds Sidamo lark (Heteromirafra sidamoensis) Simbirroon kun afaan gabaabaa, morma qal’aa fi eegee gabaabaa kan qabu dha. Qeensi isaa inni booddee dheeraa dha. Simbirroon kun marga keessaa akka Hantuutaatti mataa gadi qabatee ariitiidhan kan fiigu dha. Yaadachiisa: Itoophiyaa qofatti kan argamuu fi gosti simbira kana badaa kan jiru dha.

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Simbirroota Birds Lilac-breasted roller (Coracias caudatus) Simbirroon kun qaamni isaa halluu cuquliisaa fi diiminee ta’ee, morma isaa irratti sarara adii kan qabu dha. Akkasumas, yeroo qancare adda isaa irratti mallattoo adii kan qabu, eegee qaqal’oo fi qajeelaa ta’an kan qabu dha. Yaadachiisa: Godaantuu fi naannoo dhuma sana kan jiraatu dha.

Short billed; its neck is distinctly thin and tail short. Hind claws very long. It runs very fast through grasses like a mouse. Notes: Endemic to Liben plain. It is a critically endangered bird.

Blue and chestnut with lilac throat which is streaked white. Adult has white forhead. It has two slender outer tails which are thin and straight. Notes: Mainly resident. Also inter-tropical breeding migrant.

Golden breasted starling (Lamprotornis reguis) Simbirroon kun qaamni isaa halluu cuquliisa, magariisaa fi dhiilgee kan qabu ta’ee, eegeen isaa dheeraaa fi dhiphoo dha. Yaadachiisa: Simbirroon kun iddoo tokkotti baay’ee ta’ee kan argamu dha.

Black-billed wood-hoope (Phoeniculus somaliensis) Afaan simbirroo kana halluu gurraacha ta’ee, dheeraa fi xiqqoo kan ookkoo fakkaatu dha. Simbirroo kun miila isaa irratti halluu diimaa kan qabuu fi kaattuu isaa irratti immoo halluu adii kan qabu dha. Yaadachiisa: Baay’inaan kan argamu dha.

Shiny blue, green and purple body with very long narrow tail. Breast and bellyhave bright golden-yellow color. Notes: Usually occurrs in small flocks.

Black, long and decurved bill. legs are red. White marks on the wings which are clearly seen when in flight. Notes: Commonly seen. 119

Simbirroota Birds Verreaux’s Owl (Bubo lacteus) Uruunguu ta’ee, fuulli isaa kan rifeensa hin qabne, sarara bal’aa fi gurraacha kan xiyyoo fuula isaa irratti qabu dha. Halluun ija isaa magaala dukkana’aa fi halluun qola ija isaa immoo diminee dha. Yaadachiisa : Simbirroon kun baay’inaan kan hin argamnee fi yeroo tokko qofaaf odaa tokkicha kaloo Qarree Guutuu keessaattti argamu irratti kan argame dha. Large owl with finely barred face with broad black edges. Beak white. Dark brown eyes with pink eyelids. Notes: Seen on a single fig tree only at Kare gutu. Cardinal woodpecker (Dendropicos fuscenscens) Simbirroon kun fuulli isaa sarara xixiqqoo kan qabu ta’ee, halluun mataa isaa immoo diimaa dha. Kaattuun isaa xuqaalee halluu adii baay’inaan of irraa kan qabu dha. Yaadachiisa: Simbirroon kun goondoota qoraatti hundee dhita’aa fulleensa keessaa jiraatan akka soora isaaniitti kan itti fayyadamani dha. Face is slightly streaked with distinct red head. Wings spotted. Notes: Seen feeding on ants from antgalls of Acacia drepanolobium. 120

Simbirroota Birds White-breasted goaway bird (Corythaixoides leucogaster) Simbirroon kun guttiyyaa dheeraa fi halluu daarooftuu kan qabu dha. Halluun qaama isaa kan olii adii fi gara gadiitti immoo daarooftuu kan ta’e dha. Eegeen simbirroo kanaa dheeraa, halluu daarooftuu, gurraachaa fi adii kan qabu dha. Yaadachiisa: Lama lama ta’ee kan argamu dha. Crest is tall and grey. Grey throat and upper breast which is sharply separated from white lower breast and the rest of the body. Tail is long and has grey, black and white colors. Notes: Occurs in pairs. White-headed buffalo-weaver (Dinemellia dinemelli) Halluun mataa simbirroo kanaa adii fi halluun afaan isaa immoo gurraacha dha. Qaama isaa irratti mallattoo burtukaana kan qabu ta’ee, kaattuu isaa irratti immoo mallattoo adii kan qabu dha. Yaadachiisa: Baay’inaan kan argamu dha. White head, black bill, bright orange marks and large white wing patches. Notes: Occurs in flocks.

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Index

Latin Name Common Page Acacia drepanolobium Fulleensa 51 Acacia mellifera Saaph’eensa 53 Acacia nilotica 54 Acacia seyal 52 Aleo yavellana 80 Anelima gillettii 85 Aristida adscensionis Biillaa 101 Arthraxon prionodes 94 Asparagus racemosus Sariitii 82 Aspilia mossambicensis Hadaa 29 Asystasia charmion Arabdootessa 16 Asystasia excellens Dhummuugaa 17 Asystasia guttata Gurbii Gurraattii 18 Balanites aegyptiaca Baddannaa 38 Barbeya oleoides Halluu 39 Barleria homoiothrica Qilxiphee 19 Bothriochloa insculpta 110 Bubo lacteus Verreaux’s Owl 120 Bulbine abyssinica 83 Cenchrus ciliaris Mata Guddeessa 93 Chionothrix latifolia Diddigsaa 25 Chloris amethystea 92 Chloris roxburghiana Luuccoo 91 Chrolophytum neghellense Roobaan Jireettii 81 Chrysopogon aucheri 113 Chrysopogon plumulosus 114 Cladostigma hildebrandtioides Gaalee 46 Cleome gynandra Raafuu 44 Clerodendrum myricoides 57 Commelina stephaniana Qayyoota 86 Commicarpus pendunculosus Saarii Loonii 65 Commiphora africana Hammeessa 43 Coracias caudatus Lilac-breasted roller 119 Corythaixoides leucogaster White-breasted goaway bird 121 122



Index

Latin Name Common Page Crossandra spinosa Sarii 20 Cussonia holstii 26 Cycnium erectum Arabdooteessa 71 Cymbopogon schoenanthus Citaa Adii 104 Cynodon dactylon 115 Cyphostemma adenocaule Cophii Loonii 79 Cystostemon ethiopicus 40 Dactyloctenium aegyptium 112 Dendropicos fuscenscens Cardinal woodpecker 120 Dinemellia dinemelli White-headed buffalo-weaver 121 Dodonaea angustifolia Dhittacha 68 Dombeya kirikii Silaalcha 75 Drimia altissima 87 Ecbolium boranense Lokatoo 21 Echinochloa haploclada 95 Eleusine floccifolia Coqorsa 106 Endostemon tereticaulis Cabbii Adii 56 Enicostema axillare subsp. axillare 55 Enneanpogon persicus 107 Eragrostis capitulifera 105 Euclea divinorum 48 Euphorbia monacantha Ciraa 49 Eustachys paspaloides Citaa 108 Ficus vasta Odaa 64 Gladiolus calcicola 89 Gnidia stenophylla Wal Cabbii 76 Grewia mollis Arooressa 78 Gutenbergia boranensis Guuroo 30 Habenaria cultriformis 88 Haplocoelum foliolosum Jiraarsa 69 Heliotropium cinerascens 41 Heteromirafra sidamoensis Sidamo Lark 118 Heteropogon contortus Citaa Biillaa 99 Hibiscus dongolensis Gurbii Adii 61 123



Index

Latin Name Common Page HIbiscus flavifolius Bungaala 63 Hibiscus ovalifolius 62 Jasminium grandiflorum Gaalee 28 Justicia odera Agaagaroo Harree 22 Kalanchoe marmorata 47 Klenia abyssinica 32 Klenia squarrosa Xixxiixuu 31 Lamprotornis reguis Golden breasted starling 118 Leptothrium senegalense Marga 100 Loudetia flavida Gisgissaa 102 Melinis repens 98 Monadenium ellenbeckii Arkennaa 50 Osteospermum vailliantii 33 Otostegia erlangeri Shukaayii 58 Panicum maximum Qaxxisaa 103 Pappea capensis Biqqaa 70 Parthenium hysterophorus Kuubaa 34 Pennisetum mezianum Ogon Dhichoo 96 Pentanisia ouranogyne Elamsa 67 Phoeniculus somaliensis Black-billed wood-hoope 119 Plectranthus caninus 59 Polygala sphenoptera Gurbii Re’ee 66 Ruttya fruticosa Lokatoo 23 Schlecterella abyssinica 27 Selaginella yemensis 72 Solanum inacanum Hiddii 73 Sorghum pupureo-sericeum 111 Tarchonanthus camphoratus 35 Tauraco ruspolii Prince Ruspoli’s turaco 117 Terminalia brownii Bir’eessa 45 Tetragopogon cenchriformis 97 Tetrapogon villosus 116 Themeda triandra Citaa 109 Thunbergia mauginii Xuuxxoo 24 124



Index

Latin Name Common Page Tinnea somalensis Qaxxee 60 Trachyandra saltii 84 Triumfetta flavescens Urgoo Re’ee 77 Vernonia galamensis 36 Volutaria boranensis Gurbii Hadhooftuu 37 Wellstedia filtuensis 42 Withania somnifera Hidda Xirooftuu 74 Zavattoriornis stresemannii Stesemann’s Bush-crow 117

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Authors Sileshi Nemomissa (Prof.) Department of Plant Biology & Biodiversity Management College of Natural Sciences Addis Ababa University

Melaku Wondafresh Department of Plant Biology & Biodiversity Management College of Natural Sciences Addis Ababa University

Karen Dillman Ecologist Tongass National Forest US Forest Service Petersburg, Alaska

Erin Cooper Wildlife Biolgist Chugach National Forest US Forest Service Cordova, Alaska

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