Problem Solving e Innovazione Sistematica - Festo Didactic

Executive Workshop: Milano, 24 gennaio 2006

Università degli Studi di Firenze Dipartimento di Meccanica e Tecnologie Industriali Laboratorio di Metodi e Tecniche per l’Innovazione

Problem Solving e Innovazione Sistematica Gaetano Cascini gaetano.cascini@unifi.it

Associazione Italiana per l’Innovazione Sistematica

Source: Denis Cavallucci

Context 1900

1930

1950

1990

Increase productivity

Ensure quality

Optimize innovation

Fulfilling demands

Competition fighting

Managing complexity

Structurizing work

Robustness of procedures

Optimizing creativity Increasing innovation efficiency

Gaetano Cascini 2/54


Ostacoli all’Innovazione ¾ Formazione ingegneristica tradizionale (esperti analisti, pochi metodi e strumenti per la generazione di idee) ¾ Inerzia Psicologica ¾ Creatività vs Età

CREATIVITA’

Ribaud 1912

Altshuller 1970 Zlotin 1980 0

14

21

ETA’


Limiti degli strumenti basati esclusivamente sulla psicologia ¾ Impossibilità di prevedere i tempi per la soluzione del problema ingegneristico ¾ Spesso si cerca di risolvere il problema sbagliato ¾ Conoscenza limitata al proprio campo di esperienza ¾ Soluzioni di compromesso



TRIZ: Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch Teoria per la Soluzione Inventiva di Problemi E’ al tempo stesso un metodo ed un insieme di strumenti sviluppati in Russia a partire dal 1946 da Genrich Altshuller (1926-1998), con l’obiettivo di catturare il processo creativo in ambito tecnico e tecnologico, codificarlo e renderlo così ripetibile e applicabile: una vera e propria teoria dell’invenzione. L’approccio di Altshuller allo studio della creatività non si avvalse dei contributi psicologici o sociologici, o almeno si rivolse ad essi solo in minima parte. Il suo fu un approccio squisitamente sperimentale, e come Galileo dedusse le leggi della meccanica dall’osservazione dei fenomeni naturali, così Altshuller studiando il risultato dell’attività inventiva espressa nei brevetti, dedusse le leggi che governano l’evoluzione dei sistemi tecnici.


Source: Valeri Souchkov

TRIZ Origini Genrich Altshuller 15 October 1926 24 September 1998

400.000 Patents

• 98% of inventions use already known solution principle • • • •

Only 2% are pioneering inventions Inventors use patterns without awareness Technology evolution is a systematic process Innovation can be organized in a systematic way




TRIZ Philosophy Evolution of technology is a systematic process ¾ A number of regularities exist which governing the technology evolution. The regularities are generic over different domains.

Technology evolves through elimination of contradictions ¾ New problems can be represented in terms of contradictions that must be eliminated to create inventions.

Previous experience can be studied and re-used ¾ By studying previous experience of inventors it is possible to learn how to use this experience in a systematic way to solve new problems.

New inventive problems are rarely formulated correctly ¾ A task of inventor is to construct the most correct problem formulation.

To successfully solve most of inventive problems, there is the need to use “outside” knowledge. ¾ Scientific knowledge should be structured according to the needs of engineering and technology.


Estrapolazione di leggi per la soluzione sistematica di problemi

Teoria

Generalizzazione Metodologia Definizione della e classificazione Strumenti procedura risolutiva dei problemi e messa in atto delle procedure risolutive dall’invenzione Regole Modelli

Soluzioni di successo

Definizione di un problema risolto con un’invenzione invenzione concreta



TRIZ: Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch Teoria per la Soluzione Inventiva di Problemi In altre parole, qualcuno, da qualche parte nel mondo, ha già risolto un problema “analogo” a quello che ci si trova ad affrontare. Su questa impalcatura concettuale Altshuller e collaboratori hanno costruito nel corso degli anni un insieme di strumenti per: ¾ analizzare un sistema tecnico ed estrarne un modello; ¾ applicare al modello del problema i principi risolutivi più efficaci; ¾ ricercare fra i modelli di soluzione conosciuti quelli più idonei per il problema analizzato.


Source: Darrell Mann

TRIZ: Teoriya Resheniya Izobreatatelskikh Zadatch Teoria per la Soluzione Inventiva di Problemi Eccellenza

Idealità Risorse Funzionalità

Filosofia

Contraddizioni Spazio/Tempo/Interfaccia

Processo completo per la definizione/soluzione di problemi Principi Inventivi Contraddizioni

Metodo

IFR

Trend evolutivi Analisi Knowledge Subversion Effetti Funzionale Analysis Separazione Risorse Superamento IP S-Fields

Strumenti

Trimming



Source: Boris Zlotin

TRIZ-based Idea Generation Explicit knowledge – How to create new ideas for system evolution

Tacit knowledge = Intuition

Genrich Altshuller

Individual experience

New Ideas, Concepts, Inventions, Innovations, etc.

Personal talent

Generalized experience of inventors (patent fond)

History of evolution in technology, science, society, art, etc.


TRIZ: Fondamenti TRIZ

TRIZ

MODELLO GENERALE DEL PROBLEMA

SOLUZIONE GENERICA

ANALISI E ASTRAZIONE P

IA RZ ICA INE LOG O SIC

PROBLEMA SPECIFICO

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

GENERAZIONE SOLUZIONI

SOLUZIONE SPECIFICA

IDEALITÀ CONTRADDIZIONI FUNZIONALITÀ IMPIEGO DELLE RISORSE SPAZIO – TEMPO – INTERFACCIA LEGGI EVOLUTIVE Gaetano Cascini 12/54


IDEALITÀ Dall’imponente analisi di brevetti Altshuller constatò che qualsiasi sistema evolve in modo da accrescere la sua “idealità” e che tale processo ha luogo attraverso una serie di curve evolutive dalla caratteristica forma ad S La transizione da una curva ad S alla successiva è predicibile ed in generale l’evoluzione verso Harmful functions + Costs l’idealità segue tipicamente un numero limitato di percorsi evolutivi tipici che possono quindi Obsolescenza essere utilizzati come strumento per la ricerca di soluzioni. Maturità Avendo come scopo ultimo il Risultato Finale Ideale (RFI) inteso come quel sistema in grado di fornire tutti i benefici e le funzionalità richieste senza costi o problemi Infanzia/Crescita associati, il TRIZ invita ad abbandonare la tradizionale concezione secondo cui è Nascita opportuno partire dalla situazione attuale per la soluzione di un Concepimento problema, suggerendo al contrario di iniziare la ricerca della soluzione Tempo proprio a partire dal RFI.

I=

Valore/ Idealità

∑

∑ Useful

functions

∑



IDEALITÀ Don’t Start Here A

Start Here

IDEAL FINAL RESULT

CURRENT SITUATION

B

C

…. Number of options increases as we head back in this direction

IFR Today’s Solution Space

Solution search space at any position back from the IFR

Intermediate solutions

Function achieved without cost or harm

The ideal machine appear only at the moment when it is necessary to complete the necessary action, and furthermore, at that time it should undertake 100% of the rated working load it doesn’t exist at all, but the task it should carry out takes place as if by itself Gaetano Cascini 14/54


CONTRADDIZIONI La ricerca TRIZ ha mostrato che le invenzioni più rilevanti sono emerse da situazioni in cui l’inventore è riuscito ad evitare con successo i compromessi che convenzionalmente vengono accettati come inevitabili. Al contrario è proprio dall’individuazione e dal superamento delle contraddizioni che portano all’adozione di compromessi che emergono le soluzioni più innovative ed efficaci. Fra i vari strumenti che il TRIZ offre per supportare gli utenti nel superamento delle contraddizioni uno dei più semplici e più utilizzati è la Matrice delle Contraddizioni, una matrice 39 x 39 mediante la quale descrivere a livello astratto la contraddizione presente nel sistema analizzato e che fornisce le tre/quattro strategie più efficaci per il suo superamento


CONTRADDIZIONI Problemi differenti in campi di applicazione diversi possono portare ad una medesima contraddizione a livello astratto… …

statisticamente risulta che i percorsi che conducono al superamento di tale contraddizione sono un numero strettamente limitato e non dipendono dal campo di applicazione

ES.: velocità veicolo velocità di trasmissione dati velocità di elettroplaccatura velocità relativa utensile/pezzo

SPEED

⇔ ⇔ ⇔ ⇔

⇔

usura pneumatici integrità dei dati quantità di materiale usura

LOSS OF SUBSTANCE Gaetano Cascini 16/54


FUNZIONALITÀ Sebbene sia doveroso riconoscere che l’importanza e l’efficacia dell’analisi funzionale siano emerse a partire dal pionieristico lavoro di Larry Miles sulla Value Engineering, è necessario sottolineare che l’approccio TRIZ alla definizione ed all’analisi delle funzionalità presenta elementi distintivi di assoluto rilievo: 1) Qualsiasi sistema è caratterizzato da una Funzione Utile Principale (FUP), cosicché qualsiasi componente che non contribuisce al compimento di tale funzione è in ultima analisi dannoso. 2) L’analisi funzionale tradizionale è tipicamente focalizzata sulle azioni “positive” che si scambiano i componenti del sistema. Al contrario l’analisi funzionale TRIZ pone l’accento sia sulle funzioni utili, sia su quelle dannose, come strumento per identificare contraddizioni, azioni inefficienti, eccessive o dannose. 3) L’analisi funzionale è il fondamento su cui basare la condivisione di conoscenza fra diversi settori tecnologici: in questa ottica uno schiaccianoci è una soluzione specifica al problema “rimuovere il guscio (della noce)”, così come un detersivo in polvere non è altro che una soluzione specifica al problema “rimuovere particelle solide (di sporco)”. Una classificazione del sapere su base funzionale è la chiave con cui un produttore di detersivo in polvere può esaminare come altri settori aziendali hanno risolto il medesimo problema (“rimuovere particelle solide”). In altre parole “le soluzioni cambiano, le funzioni rimangono invariate”.


IMPIEGO DELLE RISORSE La teoria TRIZ più di qualsiasi metodo precedente ha posto enfasi sul massimo impiego di tutto ciò che è interno al sistema. In termini “TRIZici”, Risorsa è qualsiasi cosa all’interno del sistema non sia impiegato al massimo delle sue potenzialità. La ricerca di tali risorse rivela nuove opportunità attraverso le quali migliorare il sistema esaminato. È il caso di segnalare che fra le Risorse bisogna mettere anche gli elementi dannosi del sistema (calore da smaltire, scarti di lavorazione, fenomeni di risonanza, etc.). Ad esempio, una risonanza meccanica, tradizionalmente vista come un fenomeno da evitare accuratamente è attualmente usata in diverse applicazioni innovative quali aspirapolvere, verniciatori, convogliatori etc.



Resource Checklist Resources are substances, fields (energy), the properties of a substance/field, functional characteristics, and other attributes existing in a system and its surroundings, which can be utilized for system improvement. Readily-available resources are resources that can be used as they are.

Material Resources

Waste

Cheap materials

Substance flow

Substance characteristics

Information Resources Informationsressourcen

Information conveyed by substance itself

Information is inherent property

Mobile information

Temporary information

Information about a change of state

Energy in system

Energy from the surroundings

Build on potential energy sources

Waste from system becomes source of energy

Time Resources Zeitliche Ressourcen

Product

Spatial Resources

Derived resources are resources that can be used after undergoing some kind of transformation.

Field Resources

Empty space

Other dimensions

Vertical Alignment

Encapsulating

Working in advance

Periodic work

Working in parallel

Reworking

Functional Resources

Primary function itself offers resources

Using harmful effects

Using secondary and ancillary functions


SPAZIO – TEMPO – INTERFACCIA L’esperienza TRIZ (ma anche di altri metodi di supporto alla creatività) riconosce estrema importanza al guardare o pensare ad un sistema da tutte le angolazioni possibili: modificando la prospettiva del problema, zoomando fino all’estremo dettaglio o viceversa allargando l’orizzonte all’ambiente in cui il sistema è inserito, modificando la scala dei fenomeni temporali, prendendo in esame il passato ed il futuro di un oggetto o di un evento spesso si raggiungono con estrema facilità soluzioni altrimenti inarrivabili per il fatto che la mente umana raramente è portata ad esaminare sistematicamente le diverse alternative nello SPAZIO, nel TEMPO e di INTERFACCIA.




MULTI SCREEN APPROACH The System Operator ‘tool’ is a simple means of helping users to think in terms of TIME and SPACE. The basic principle of operation divides ‘the world’ into nine segments. The central box of the nine – system, present – is the one our brains naturally migrate to whenever we are given a problem situation. In other words, asked to think about ‘designing a better pen’, our brains are likely to immediately conjure up the image of a pen (‘the system’) being used to write (‘the present’). What the system operator tool is trying to get us to do is also think about the pen in the bigger (‘super-system’) context – the person holding the pen, the paper, the desk, etc; the smaller (‘sub-system’) context – the components of the pen, the ink molecules, etc; the pen in the past – manufacture, shipping, un-packing, preparing to write, etc; and the pen in the future – what happens to the pen immediately after we’ve finished writing, right through to it’s disposal after it has run out. SUPERSYSTEM

SYSTEM

SUBSYSTEM

PAST

PRESENT

FUTURE


TREND EVOLUTIVI



TREND EVOLUTIVI ESEMPI


Evolution of Technique Both the quantity and quality of human needs, as well as requirements for humans, increase with time (Increase Ideality) Any technique keeps a status quo of the current state-of-the-art until it is suitable for the environment and society, i.e. until it satisfies the following principal requirements: 1. Primary Function (PF) and other Useful Functions (UF) must correspond to the human needs 2. Cost for Technical System (TS) or Technical Process (TP) manufacture and functioning must correspond to society’s capabilities (technique must be efficient) 3. Reliable execution of UF must be guaranteed at some acceptable level 4. The technique’s Harmful Functions (HF) must be acceptable for the society and environment

{+UF} e Tim

{-HF}

{1/NF}



Evolution of Technique Measured Parameter

target

Fundamental Limit of Capability

Getting to the target requires a change to the system -solve a contradiction -use another means -evolve to other trend stages Altered System

Current System

These ‘S-curve jumps’ are characteristics of stepchange innovation processes. The TRIZ methodology states that there are three different ways of making these jumps: 1. Find another means of delivering the function 2. Solve a contradiction or conflict 3. Move to next stage along the evolutionary trend

Chances for success (5% of marketshare?) of a new product that 1) is going to replace all functions of 3 existing products (now they have 100% of marketshare), 2) has cost similar to cheapest of three above, 3) has some parameters better than the same parameters of all 3 existing products. One of the problems that this novice will face is reputation of the established competitors and their connections with the market. But even bigger problem is a strategy, which a new competitor will employ. Strategy supersedes (overrides) innovation. A poor strategy will negate any advantage of the superior product. Gaetano Cascini 25/54

Laws of evolution of Technical Systems Altshuller identified 8 patterns of evolution 1. Stages of Evolution 2. Evolution toward Increased Ideality 3. Non-Uniform Development of System Elements 4. Evolution toward Increased Dynamism and Controllability 5. Increased Complexity Then Simplification 6. Evolution with Matching and Mismatching Elements 7. Evolution toward Micro-level and Increased Use of Fields 8. Evolution toward Decreased Human Involvement

S-curve law

Ideality Increase Law

Completeness Increase Law Supersystem Transition Law Harmonization Increase Law

Controllability Increase Law

Dynamization Increase Law Non Uniform Development Law Decrease of Human Involvement Trimming level Increase Law



S-curve (performance)

Stages of Evolution # Inventions

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TECHNICAL EVOLUTION CURVES

Level of Inventions

Profitability

Part Count

Time (or effort)) Gaetano Cascini 27/54

Models of Problems/Solutions Problem model

Tool

Solution Model

7x8

Multiplication chart

56

H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2

Laws of chemistry

CaSO4 + 2 H2O

TRIZ: engineer. contradiction

Contradiction Matrix

Inventive principle

TRIZ: physical contradiction

Separation Approach Effects

Inv. Principle Effect

TRIZ: function

Effects

Effect

TRIZ: S-F model

System of Standard St. Inv. Solution Invent. Solutions Gaetano Cascini 28/54



TRIZ Timeline TRIZ becomes recognized as a best practice for innovation worldwide

2000: European TRIZ Association is founded

TRIZ is accepted by Boeing, Ford, Procter and Gamble, Motorola, Hitachi, Siemens, Mitsubishi, LG Group, Samsung, etc… Major TRIZ Tools were developed: Inventive Principles, ARIZ, databases of effects The Public Institute of Invention is established by the USSR government

2003: Apeiron

1993: Expansion of TRIZ outside the former USSR 1989: The first TRIZ software Is born: Invention Machine™

1984: More than 300 TRIZ centers reported existing in the USSR 1956-1984: Massive TRIZ research, more than 1 million patents were studied

1956: The first article of TRIZ In Questions of Psychology 1946-1956: 400.000 patents scanned. Conclusion: inventive process can be organized in a systematic way Gaetano Cascini 29/54


TRIZ Application Areas Map, analyze, decompose and structure complex Problem situations

Solve a specific immediate problem

Innovatively optimize technology/ product

Generate new business concepts and optimize existing business systems

SYSTEMATIC INNOVATION & TRIZ

Solve specific business & management conflicts

Forecast future technology/product evolution




Traditional Innovation Process

Weak

Identify Identify Problem Problem

Formulate Formulate Problem Problem

Develop Develop Concepts Concepts

Evaluate Evaluate

Implement Implement

Widely Used Techniques t Reliability Reliability rke h Robust Design Trial & a Error Analysis M arc Study Cad/Cam e Brainstorming Res Gaetano Cascini 31/54


The Added Value of TRIZ

Identify Identify Problem Problem

Formulate Formulate Problem Problem

Develop Develop Concepts Concepts

Evaluate Evaluate

Implement Implement




Systematic Innovation FMA, HAZOP M

Theory of Constraints

TRIZ

rph ol o

ob D

ng

gic al

Me tho

d

es ig

Concurrent Engineering

t us

En gi ne er in g

i rm

Technological Forecasting

Mo

ing ink Th

V

n

al ue

sto ain Br

R

al ter La

Q FD

TQ

th s wi gie n o tio ol ra hod g t DF te MA In r me e h t o

And more… Gaetano Cascini 33/54



Costituire un

collegamento…

Individui Professionisti Formazione

Industrie Istituzioni

Università Enti privati

Enti pubblici Gaetano Cascini 35/54

…per la

diffusione e sviluppo della metodologia…



…e

……………. Axiomatic desing

l’integrazione

con altre tecniche…

QFD

Taguchi

Lean thinking

Prototipazione virtuale

Value engineering

6 sigma … a supporto

dell’innovazione sistematica Gaetano Cascini 37/54




LITERATURE TRIZ theory (In Russian 1/4): 1. Altshuller G.S., Shapiro R.V. About the Psychology of Innovation and Creativity.- Voprocy Psyhologii (Questions of Psychology), no 6, 1956. – p. 37-49. 2. Altshuller G.S. Learning to Invent. Tambov: Tambovskoe knijnoe izdatelstvo (Tambo Publushing House, 1961. 3. Altshuller G.S. Bases of the Invetntive Process, Voroneg: Centralno-Chernozemnoe izdatelstvo, 1964. 4. Altshuller G.S. Algorithm for Invention. Moscow: Moscowskii Rabochii Publushing House, 1969 (first edition), 1973 (second edition). 5. Selutskii A.B., Slugin G.I. INSPIRATION BY ORDER. Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1977. 6. Altshuller G.S. CREATIVITY AS AN EXACT SCIENCE. Moscow: Sovietskoe radio, 1979. 7. Altshuller G.S., Selutskii A.B. WINGS FOR ICARUS. Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1980. 8. Jukov R.F., Petrov V.M. Modern methods of scientific and technical creativity. - Leningrad: Institute of improvement of professional skill of the ship-building industry, 1980. 9. Altov G. AND SUDDENLY THE INVENTOR APPEARED. Moscow: Detskaya Literatura, 1989 (1st ed.1984; 2nd ed.-1987; 3rd ed.- 1989; 4th ed.- 2000). ISBN 5-08-000598-X 10. Althsuller G.S., Zlotin B.L., Filatov V.I. PROFESSION: TO SEARCH FOR NEW. Kishinev: Karte Moldaveniaske, 1985. 11. Altshuller G.S. TO FIND AN IDEA: INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING. Novosibirsk: Nauka, (1st ed.-1986; 2nd ed.-1991; 3rd ed.- 2003). ISBN 5-02-029265-6 12. Petrovich N.T., Tsourikov V.M. A WAY TO INVENTION. Moscow: Evrika, Molodaya Gvardia, 1986. 13. Ivanov G.I. …AND BEGIN TO INVENT. Irkutsk: Vostochno-Sibirskoe izdatelstvo, 1987.



LITERATURE TRIZ theory (In Russian 2/4): 14. DARING FORMULAS OF CREATIVITY. Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1987. 15. Zlotina E.S., Petrov V.M. Methods of scientific and technical creativity. - Leningrad: The Leningrad House of scientific and technical propagation, 1987. 16. Zlotin B., Zusman A. A MONTH UNDER THE STARS OF FANTASY: A SCHOOL FOR DEVELOPING CREATIVE IMAGINATION. Kishinev: Kartya Moldovenyaska Publishing House. 1988. 17. A THREAD IN THE LABYRINTH. Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1988. ISBN 5-7545-0020-3 18. Althsuller G.S., Zlotin B.L., Zusman A.V., Filatov V.I. SEARCH FOR NEW IDEAS: FROM INSIGHT TO TECHNOLOGY (THEORY AND PRACTISE OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING), Kishinev: Kartya Moldovenyaska Publishing House, 1989. ISBN 5-362-00147-7 19. RULES OF A GAME WITHOUT RULES. Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1989. ISBN 5-7545-0108-0 20. Zlotin B., Zusman A. THE INVENTOR CAME TO CLASS. Kishinev: Kartya Moldovenyaska Publishing House. 1989. ISBN 5-372-00498-3 21. Altshuller G., Zlotin B., Zusman A. THEORY AND PRACTICE OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING. (methodical advices) Kishinev 1989. 22. Zlotin B., Zusman A. LAWS OF EVOLUTION AND FORECASTING FOR TECHNICAL SYSTEMS. (methodical advices) Kishinev 1989. 23. Petrov V.M., Zlotina E.S. The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving - a basis of forecasting of development of technical systems. - Prag: ChNTO, 1989. 24. HOW TO BECOME A HERETIC. Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1990. ISBN 5-7545-0217-6 25. Altshuller G., Vertkin I. A. WORKING BOOK ON THE THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE PERSON. Kishinev: STC Progress in association with Kartya Moldovenyaska Publishing House. 1990. Gaetano Cascini 41/54

LITERATURE TRIZ theory (In Russian 3/4): 26. Salamatov Y.P. HOW TO BECOME AN INVENTOR: 50 HOURS OF CREATIVITY. Moscow: Prosveschenie, 1990. ISBN 5-09-001061-7 27. CHANCE TO ADVENTURE. Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1991. ISBN 5-7545-0337-7 28. Zlotin B.L., Zusman A.V. SEARCHING FOR NEW IDEAS IN SCIENCE. In Solving Scientific Problems, Kishinev: STC Progress in association with Kartya Moldovenyaska,1991. 29. Vikentyev I.L., Kaikov I.K. STAIRS OF IDEAS: TRIZ Basics, Examples and Case Studies.Novosibirsk, 1992. 30. Vikentyev I.L. METHODS OF ADVERTISING. Novosibirsk, 1993. 31. Althsuller G.S., Vertkin I.M. HOW TO BECOME A GENIUS: THE LIFE STRATEGY OF A CREATIVE PERSON. Minsk: Belarus, 1994. ISBN 985-01-0075-3 32. Ivanov G.I. THE FORMULES OF CREATIVITY OR HOW TO LEARN TO INVENT. Moscow: Prosveschenie. 1994. ISBN 5-09-004135-0 33. Gasanov A.I. and others. BIRTH OF THE INVENTION. Moscow: Interpraks, 1995. 432 p. ISBN 585235-226-8 34. Vikentyev I.L. METHODS OF ADVERTISING AND PUBLIC RELATIONS. St. Petersburg:TRIZChance, 1995. 35. Trifonov D.N. COLLECTED TASKS FROM SCIENCE-FICTION LITERATURE. St. Petersburg, TRIZChance, 1995 36. Timokhov V.I. COLLECTION OF CREATIVE PROBLEMS ABOUT BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND TRIZ. St. Petersburg: TRIZ-Chance 1996. 37. Mitrofanov V.V. FROM MANUFACTURING DEFECT TO SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. St. Petersburg: TRIZ Association of St. Petersburg, 1998 ISBN 5-7997-0090-2 Gaetano Cascini 42/54


LITERATURE TRIZ theory (In Russian 4/4): 38. Faer S.A. "METHODS OF STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF ELECTION CAMPAIGN". St. Petersburg: "Stol'ny grad", 1998 ISBN 5-89910-003-6 39. Ivanov G.I., Bystritsky A.A. FORMULATING OF CREATIVE PROBLEMS. Chelyabinsk 2000, Library of magazine "Technologies of creativity"


LITERATURE TRIZ theory (In English 1/3): 40. T.Arciszevsky. " ARIZ-77: an Innovated Design Method" in the Journal of DMG of Californya Polytechnical State University "Design Method and Theories" 1988, V.2, N2,pp.796-820. 41. G. Altshuller. Creativity as an Exact Science. Translated by Anthony Williams. "Gordon & Breach Science Publisher", New-York, London, Paris, 1984, 1987. 42. Altshuller, Genrich. And Suddenly the Inventor Appeared: TRIZ, the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. Translated by Lev Shulyak. Worchester, Massachusetts: Technical Innovation Center, 1996 43. Kaplan, Stan. Ph.D. An Introduction to TRIZ; The Russian Theory of Inventive Problem Solving. International Inc. 1996. 44 p. 44. Altshuller, Genrich. 40 Principles: TRIZ Key to Technical Innovation. Translated and edited by Lev Shulyak and Steven Rodman. Worchester, Massachusetts: Technical Innovation Center, 1997. 45. Viktor R. Fey, Eugene I. Rivin. The Science of Innovation A managerial overview of the TRIZ methodology. The TRIZ Gorup. 1997 46. Dr. John Terninko, Alla Zusman, Boris Zlotin STEP-BY-STEP TRIZ: Creating Innovative Solution Concepts. 1997 47. TRIZ Research Report: AN APPROACH TO SYSTEMATIC INNOVATION, 1998, ISBN:1879364999 48. Clarke, Dana W. Sr. TRIZ: Through the Eyes of an American TRIZ Specialist; A Study of Ideality, Contradictions, and Resources. Ideation International Inc. 1997. 49. Terninko, John, Zusman, Alla and Zlotin, Boris. Systematic Innovation: An Introduction to TRIZ (Theory of Inventing Problem Solving), 1998 50. Altshuller G. The Innovation Algorithm. TRIZ, Systematic Innovation and Technical Creativity. Technical Innovation Center, Inc. Worcester, MA, 1999.



LITERATURE TRIZ theory (In English 2/3): 51. Salamatov Yuri. TRIZ: The Right Solution at the Right Time: A Guide to Innovative Problem Solving. Insytec, The Netherlands, 1999. 256 pages. 52. Altshuller G., Zlotin B., Zusman A. and Philatov V. Tools of Classical TRIZ. Ideation International Inc. 1999. 53. Boris Zlotin, Alla Zusman. Directed Evolution: Philosophy, Theory and Practice. Ideation International Inc. 1999. 54. TRIZ in Progress, Transactions of the Ideation Research Group. International Inc. 1999. 55. Kosse, Vladis. Solving Problems with TRIZ; an Exercise Handbook. International Inc.1999. 56. Kaplan, Stan, Zlotin, Boris and Zusman, Alla. New Tools for Failure and Risk Analysis. International Inc. 1999. 57. Zlotin, Boris and Zusman, Alla. Directed Evolution: Philosophy, Theory and Practice. Ideation International Inc. 2001. 58. Rantanen Kalevi, Domb Ellen. Simplified TRIZ: New Problem Solving Applications for Engineers and Manufacturing Professionals 59. Savransky Semyon D. Engineering of Creativity: Introduction to Triz Methodology of Inventive Problem Solving. 2000. 60. Kalevi Rantanen. SIMPLIFIED TRIZ: New Problem Solving Applications for Engineers. St. Lucie Press, 2002, 280 Seiten, ISBN 1574443232 61. Victor Timokhov. Natural Innovation, Examples of creative problem-solving in Biology, Ecology and TRIZ. CREAX (ISBN 5-88912-004-2), 2002 62. G. Altshuller; Lev Shulyak; Dana Clarke Sr: "40 Principles Extended Edition: TRIZ Keys to Innovation", Technical Innovation Center, Inc. (April, 2005) Gaetano Cascini 45/54

LITERATURE TRIZ theory (In English 3/3): 63. Darrell Mann: "Hands On: Systematic Innovation", Creax (ISBN: 9077071024), 2002. 64. Michael A. Orloff: "Inventive Thinking Through TRIZ: A Practical Introduction", Springer; 1 edition (March 18, 2003) 65. Don Clausing, Victor Fey: "Effective Innovation: The Development of Winning Technologies", American Society of Mechanical Engineers (March 1, 2004) 66. Victor Fey, Eugene Rivin: "Innovation on Demand : New Product Development Using TRIZ", Cambridge University Press (September 30, 2005)



LITERATURE TRIZ theory (In German 1/2): 67. G. Altschuller. Erfinden Wege zur Losung technicherProbleme, in German, VEB - Berlin,1975 68. Altow G. Der Hafen der steinernen Sturme. Berlin: Verlag Das Neue Berlin 1980. 2. Auflage 69. Altschuller G., Seljuzki A. Flugel fur Ikarus: uber die moderne Technik des Erfindens. Gemeinschaftsausgabe Verlag MIR Moskau, Urania Verlag Leipzig, Jena, Berlin, 1983. 70. Altschuller G.S. Erfinden - Wege zur Losung technischer Probleme. VEB Verlag Technik Berlin, 1984. Limitierter Nachdruck 1998, 280 Seiten, ISBN 3-00-002700-9 71. Linde H.J., Hill B. Erfolgreich erfinden: widerspruchsorientierte Innovationsstrategie für Entwickler und Konstrukteure Hoppenstedt Technik Tabellen Verlag, 1993 72. Manfred von Ardenne, Gerhard Musiol u. Siegfried Reball: Effekte der Physik und ihre Anwendungen, Verl. HARRI DEUTSCH, 1997, 891 Seiten, ISBN 3817111746 73. Terninko, John, B. Zlotin, A. Zusman. TRIZ - der Weg zum konkurrenzlosen Erfolgsprodukt. Landsberg/Lech: Verlag Moderne Industrie, 1998, 288 Seiten, ISBN 3-478-91920-7 74. Teufelsdorfer H., Conrad A. Kreatives Entwickeln und innovatives Problemlosen mit TRIZ / TIPS. Einfuhrung in die Methodik und ihre Verknupfung mit QFD. Verlag Publicis MCD,1998, 120 Seiten, ISBN 3-89578-103-7 75. Wirtschaftskammer Osterreich. Schneller entwicklen. Bessere Losungen finden mit TRIZ. Kongressunterlage. Wien 1999 76. Rolf Herb, Thilo Herb, Veit Kohnhauser. TRIZ - Der systematische Weg zur Innovation. Werkzeuge, Praxisbeispiele, Schritt-fur-Schritt-Anleitungen. Landsberg/Lech: Verlag Moderne Industrie, 2000, 260 Seiten, ISBN 3-47891-980-0


LITERATURE TRIZ theory (In German 2/2): 77. Bernd Gimpel, Rolf Herb, Thilo Herb. Ideen finden, Produkte entwickeln mit TRIZ. Taschenbuch, Hanser Fachbuch, 2000, 180 Seiten, ISBN 3446211594 78. Tilo Pannenbacker. Methodisches Erfinden in Unternehmen. Bedarf, Konzept, Perspektiven fur TRIZbasierte Erfolge. Gabler Verlag, 2001, 324 Seiten, ISBN 3409118411 79. Michael A. Orloff. Grundlagen der klassischen TRIZ. Ein praktisches Lehrbuch des erfinderischen Denkens fur Ingenieure. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2002, 270 Seiten, ISBN 3540668691 80. Bernd Klein. TRIZ/TIPS - Methodik des erfinderischen Problemlosens. Taschenbuch, Oldenbourg, Mchn, 230 Seiten, 2002, ISBN 3486259520 81. Pavel Livotov, Vladimir Petrov. Innovationstechnologie TRIZ. Produktentwicklung und Problemlosung. Handbuch. TriSolver Consulting 2002, Hannover, 302 Seiten, ISBN 3-935927-02-9



LITERATURE Creativity and Innovation 1/3: Adams, James. Conceptual Blockbusting. San Francisco: San Francisco Book Company, Inc. 1976. Adams, J.L.. The Care and Feeding of Ideas. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass. (1986) Albrecht, Karl. Brain Power: Learn to Improve Your Thinking Skills. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1980. Albrecht, Karl. Minds At Work: Leveraging the Power of Organizational Intelligence. New York: Amacom, 2002. Albrecht, Karl. Stress and the Manager. New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1979. Albrecht, Karl. The Creative Corporation. Dow-Jones-Irwin, Homewood, IL (1987). Basadur M: "The Power of Innovation: How to Make Innovation a Way of Life and Put Creative Solutions to Work" Bennis, Warren. On Becoming a Leader. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1989. Bennis, Warren. Self-Esteem at Work. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1998. Blakeslee, Thomas. The Right Brain. Garden City, New York: Anchor Press / Doubleday, 1980. Bois, Samuel. Explorations in Awareness. New York: Harper & Row, 1957. Branden, Nathaniel. The Disowned Self. New York: Nash, 1972. Branden, Nathaniel. The Psychology Of Self-Esteem. New York: Bantam Books, Inc., 1969. Burgelman R.A.: "Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation" Burnam, Tom. The Dictionary of Misinformation. New York: Ballantine Books, 1975. Buzan, Tony with Buzan, Barry. The Mind Map Book: How to Use Radiant Thinking to Maximize Your Brain's Untapped Potential. Plume/Penguin, 1993. Buzan, Tony. Use Both Sides of Your Brain. New York: Penguin Group, 1991.


LITERATURE Creativity and Innovation 2/3: Chase, Stuart. The Tyranny of Words. New York: A Harvest Book, 1938. Christensen C.M.: "The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail (Management of Innovation and Change Series)" Cooper, Robert K. and Ayman Sawaf. Executive EQ: Emotional Intelligence in Leadership & Organizations.New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1997. Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. Flow. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1990. De Bono, Edward. Lateral Thinking. New York: Harper & Row, 1970. De Bono, Edward. Six Thinking Hats. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1985. De Bono, Edward. WordPower. New York: Pierrot Publishing, Ltd, 1977. De Bono, Edward. Water Logic. Viking Penguin (1993) Engel, S. Morris. With Good Reason. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1976. Epstein T, Dilts R.W.: "Tools for Dreamers: Strategies for Creativity" Flesch, Rudolf. The Art of Clear Thinking. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1973. Fobes R.: “Creative Problem Solver's Toolbox: A Complete Course in the Art of Creating Solutions to Problems of Any Kind” Frankl, Viktor. Man's Search for Meaning. New York: Pocket Books, 1959. Gordon W.J. J. Synectics. Harper & Row (1961) Higgins J.M.: “101 Creative Problem Solving Techniques: The Handbook of New Ideas for Business” Jones M.D.: “The Thinker's Toolkit: Fourteen Powerful Techniques for Problem Solving” Kao J.J. Managing Creativity. New Jersey: Prentice Hall (1991)



LITERATURE Creativity and Innovation 3/3: Norman D.A. The Design of Everyday Things. New York: Doubleday Currency (1988) Osborn A.F. Applied Imagination. Scribner's (1953) Osborn A.F. Your Creative Power. Schaumburg, Illinois: Motorola University Press (1991) Park R.J.: "Value Engineering: A Plan for Invention" Scheinkopf L. J.: "Thinking For a Change: Putting the TOC Thinking Processes to Use" Utterback J. M.: “Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation” VettorC. "Fare sistema nelle PMI (la teoria dei constraints)". Franco Angeli Editore (2005)


LITERATURE Siti web: http://www.apeiron-triz.org (Ass. Italiana per l’Innovazione Sistematica) http://www.matriz.ru (International TRIZ Association) http://www.aitriz.org/ (Altshuller Institute for TRIZ) http://www.etria.net/ (European TRIZ Association) http://www.triz-journal.com/ (TRIZ journal) http://www3.sympatico.ca/karasik/ (anti-Triz Journal) http://www.trizined.com/ (Journal of TRIZ in Engineering Design) http://www.sixsigmatriz.com/ http://www.gnrtr.com http://www.creax.com/triz/triz.html Mailing List: TRIZ Topica (www.topica.com) TRIZ for Software: request at list-request@trizforsoftware.com



TRIZ-based software tools •

TechOptimizer™ / Goldfire Innovation™ –

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Innovation Workbench™ – –

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A package which helps to use a structured step-by-step process to solve problems with TRIZ. www.trisolver.com

CREAX Innovation Suite™ – –

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A package which introduces “Ideation” structured process to innovation based on TRIZ. www.ideationtriz.com

TRISOLVER™ –

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Most comprehensive software tool which supports TRIZ and contains the largest and unique database of physical, chemical, and geometric effects. Used by over 500 corporate customers since 1994 www.invention-machine.com

A package that supports innovative process, including evolutionary potential analysis and business & management innovation. www.creax.com

IWINT ProInnovator™ – –

An emerging software tool, integrating the best practices and solutions of the competitors. Relevant features have been added in the 2005 release. www.iwint.com Gaetano Cascini 53/54

Contatti e informazioni Gaetano Cascini - Presidente Sergio Lorenzi - Segretario info@apeiron-triz.org www.apeiron-triz.org www.etria.net
