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Registration of ‘Jamestown’ Wheat C. A. Griffey,* W. E. Thomason, R. M. Pitman, B. R. Beahm, J. J. Paling, J. Chen, J. K. Fanelli, J. C. Kenner, D. W. Dunaway, W. S. Brooks, M. E. Vaughn, E. G. Hokanson, H. D. Behl, R. A. Corbin, M. D. Hall, S. Liu, J. T. Custis, C. M. Waldenmaier, D. E. Starner, S. A. Gulick, S. R. Ashburn, D. L. Whitt, H. E. Bockelman, E. J. Souza, G. L. Brown-Guedira, J. A. Kolmer, D. L. Long, Y. Jin, X. Chen, and S. E. Cambron ABSTRACT ‘Jamestown’ (Reg. No. CV-1041, PI 653731) soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station in March 2007. Jamestown was derived from the cross ‘Roane’/Pioneer Brand ‘2691’ and was tested under the experimental number VA02W-370. Jamestown is an early heading, awned, short-stature, semidwarf (Rht2) cultivar possessing resistance to the predominant insect and disease pests in the eastern soft wheat region. Jamestown most notably has resistance to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.), and Fusarium head blight [caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe)]. In USDA–ARS Uniform Southern Soft Red Winter Wheat Nursery Trials conducted at 27 locations in 2005 and at 26 locations in 2006, Jamestown produced average grain yields of 5496 and 5563 kg ha –1, respectively, compared with nursery mean yields of 4959 kg ha –1 in 2005 and 4878 kg ha –1 in 2006. Milling and baking quality of Jamestown exceeds that of ‘USG 3209’. On an Allis Chalmers Mill, Jamestown has higher break flour yield (305 vs. 283 g kg –1), softer flour texture (softness equivalent score 57.4 vs. 54.1 g 100 g –1), lower sucrose solvent retention capacity (93.8 vs. 104 g 100 g –1), and larger cookie diameters (17.0 vs. 16.8 cm).
C.A. Griffey, W.E. Thomason, J.J. Paling, J. Chen, J.K. Fanelli, W.S. Brooks, E.G. Hokanson, H.D. Behl, M.D. Hall, and S. Liu, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences Dep., Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; R.M. Pitman, J.C. Kenner, D.W. Dunaway, M.E. Vaughn, and R.A. Corbin, Eastern Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Warsaw, VA 22572; B.R. Beahm, Virginia Foundation Seed Stocks Farm, Mt. Holly, VA 22524; J.T. Custis and C.M. Waldenmaier, Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA 23420; D.E. Starner and S.A. Gulick, Northern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Orange, VA 22960; S.R. Ashburn, Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Holland, VA 23437; D.L. Whitt, Virginia Crop Improvement Association, Mechanicsville, VA 23116; H.E. Bockelman, USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, Aberdeen, ID 83210; E.J. Souza, USDAARS Soft Wheat Quality Lab., Wooster, OH 44691; G.L. Brown-Guedira, USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Genotyping Lab., Plant Sciences Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695; J.A. Kolmer, D.L. Long, and Y. Jin, USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Lab., St. Paul, MN 55108; X. Chen, Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology and Disease Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164; S.E. Cambron, USDA-ARS, Dep. of Entomology, Purdue Univ., W. Lafayette, IN 47907. Registration by CSSA. Received 15 May 2009. *Corresponding author (
[email protected]). Abbreviations: AACC, American Association of Cereal Chemists; FHB, Fusarium head blight; IT, infection type; SEV, severity; SRW, soft red winter; VCIA, Virginia Crop Improvement Association. Published in the Journal of Plant Registrations 4:28–33 (2010). doi: 10.3198/jpr2009.05.0257crc © Crop Science Society of America 677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
28
‘J
amestown’ (Reg. No. CV-1041, PI 653731) soft red winter (SRW) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was named in commemoration and celebration of the 400th anniversary of the founding of the fi rst colony in Virginia in 1607. In the mid-Atlantic region, early-maturing wheat cultivars offer producers an economic advantage in double-cropping systems where a soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] crop is planted immediately following wheat harvest. Earlier wheat harvest allows for earlier soybean planting, a longer growing season, and generally higher soybean yields due to more favorable moisture conditions during critical pod and bean development stages. Yields of soybean planted in a double-cropping regime following winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are notably higher than those following wheat due to the earlier harvest, approximately 2 wk, of barley. Spike emergence of Jamestown wheat is only 4 d later than that of ‘Thoroughbred’ (PI 634933; Brooks et al., 2005) barley, which is currently the most widely grown winter barley cultivar in the mid-Atlantic region. Jamestown is widely adapted and provides producers from the southern Corn Belt to the Deep South and throughout the mid-Atlantic region with a distinctly early maturing, disease- and pestresistant cultivar. Capability for viable production of Jamestown throughout these diverse regions is due to its moderately good winter hardiness and its notable resistance to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.), stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.), powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC) E.O. Speer], and Fusarium head blight [caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe)]. In comparison, the widely grown early heading cultivars
Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2010
Sisson (PI 617053; Griffey et al., 2003) and SS 520 (PI 619052 PVPO) are susceptible to Hessian fly, stripe rust, and Fusarium head blight, and Sisson also is susceptible to leaf rust. Marketing and distribution of Jamestown is being directed by the Virginia Crop Improvement Association (VCIA), 9225 Atlee Branch Lane, Mechanicsville, VA 23116.
Methods Parentage, Breeding History, and Line Selection The cross ‘Roane’ (PI 612958, Griffey et al., 2001)/Pioneer Brand ‘2691’ (PI 590941 PVPO) from which Jamestown originated was made in spring 1996. The F1 generation was grown in the field as a single 1.2-m headrow in 1997 to produce F2 seed. The population was advanced from the F2 to F4 generation using a modified bulk breeding method. Wheat spikes were selected from the population in each segregating generation (F2 –F3) on the basis of absence of obvious disease, early maturity, short straw, and desirable head shape and size. Selected spikes were threshed in bulk, and the seed was planted in 20.9-m2 blocks at Blacksburg and Warsaw, VA, in the fall of each year. Spikes selected from the F4 bulk were threshed individually and planted in separate 1.2-m headrows at Warsaw, VA. Jamestown was derived as a bulk of one of these F5 headrows selected in 2001 and was evaluated as entry 370 in nonreplicated observation yield tests at Blacksburg and Warsaw, VA, in 2002.
Evaluation in Replicated Yield Trials Jamestown, previously designated and tested as VA02W370, was evaluated in Virginia Tech’s replicated preliminary yield test at four locations in 2003 and in replicated regional tests at two locations in each of three states (Kentucky, Maryland, and Virginia) in the 2004 MasonDixon nursery and in six states (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Texas, and Virginia) in the 2004 Gulf Atlantic nursery (data not presented). Jamestown was evaluated in Virginia’s Official State Variety Trial at seven locations over 3 yr (2004–2006) in replicated tests before its release and in subsequent years (http://www.grains. cses.vt.edu/; verified 22 Sept. 2009). It also was evaluated in replicated tests throughout most of the soft red winter wheat region in the USDA–ARS Uniform Southern Soft Red Winter Wheat Nursery in 2005 and 2006. A majority of these trials were conducted using randomized complete block designs with two to four replications, standard variety testing protocols, and recommended management practices that vary slightly from state to state (USDA–ARS, 2005, 2006). Plant traits assessed visually (e.g., winter kill, straw strength, and disease resistance) were rated using a scale from 0 (no visible symptoms) to 9 (severe symptoms) based on intensity and severity of the affected plant area. Disease ratings conducted using a modified Cobb Scale (Peterson et al., 1948) and reported in the Uniform SRW wheat nurseries were converted to a 0 to 9 scale. Milling and baking data evaluations of the regional nursery used approved methods of the American Association of Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2010
Cereal Chemistry (AACC, 2000). A composite of multiple locations was provided by the nursery coordinator to the USDA–ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory at Wooster, OH. Samples of 200 g of each genotype were milled using modifications to AACC method 26-50 as described by Finney and Andrews (1986). Flour quality was assessed using near infra-red reflectance to determine protein concentration and lactic acid solvent retention capacity to determine gluten strength (AACC 2000, approved method 56-11). Baking quality of the flour samples was measured using the micro sugar-snap cookie method (AACC 2000, approved method 10-52). All replicated yield tests in Virginia were conducted according to small grain production and management protocols recommended by Brann et al. (2000). Conventionaltill yield plots in the Virginia Official Wheat Variety Trial were composed of six rows with 17.8 cm between rows at Blackstone, Orange, and Painter, and seven 15.2-cm rows at Warsaw and Blacksburg with harvest areas of 4.2 m2 at all locations. No-till test plots planted into corn (Zea mays L.) stubble were composed of seven 19.1-cm rows at Warsaw and six 17.8-cm rows at Holland and Shenandoah Valley locations with harvest areas of 10.2, 9.3, and 7.4 m2, respectively. Conventional-till tests were planted at 22 seeds per 0.304-m row, and no-till tests were planted at 28 seeds per 0.304 m of row. Assessment of reaction to Fusarium head blight (FHB) was conducted in replicated inoculated and mist-irrigated nurseries according to the procedures described by Chen et al. (2006). Analysis of variance was conducted on data from individual locations and years and across locations and years using SAS version 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Mean comparisons of traits using a protected LSD (P = 0.05) test were made to identify significant differences among genotypes.
Seed Purification and Increase During fall 2004, 240 F5:9 headrows of Jamestown were planted in an isolation block and evaluated for purity and trueness of type. More than 50% of the headrows were heterogeneous for awn length even though each row was derived from a single F5:8 spike that was fully awned (recessive trait). Segregation for awn length in these F 9 headrows probably was due to outcrossing that occurred in the initial F5:8 spike selections as a result of anther and pollen damage caused by a spring freeze. In addition to the headrows discarded on the basis of heterogeneity for awn length, other variant headrows observed and discarded included 4.2% having later heading plants, 3.3% having taller plants, 1.7% having shorter plants, 0.4% having plants with an upright growth habit, and 0.4% having plants with a yellow-green color. Eighty-four selected headrows that were similar in phenotype and visually homogenous for fully awned spikes were harvested individually and evaluated for yield and visual grain quality. Grain from 74 of these individual F5:10 headrow lines was planted in 8.4-m 2 plots during fall 2005, and each plot was evaluated for purity and trueness of type during spring 2006. Twenty-four of the 74 F5:10 lines selected were harvested and grain from each plot C U LT I VA R
29
bulked to form the Breeder seed of Jamestown. Variants observed included up to 1% taller plants, 1% plants having awnletted spikes, 1% plants having spikes with tip awns, and 0.8% plants having yellow-green plant color. Breeder seed of Jamestown was planted on 0.73 ha at the VCIA Foundation Seed Farm in fall 2006 and produced approximately 180 units (22.7 kg unit–1) of Foundation seed in 2007. The VCIA planted this seed during fall 2007 to produce a large quantity of Foundation seed, which was made available to seed producers in fall 2008. Jamestown has been observed to be uniform and stable in the F5:10 to F5:12 generations during which the fi nal Breeder seed plots were evaluated and selected and in production of Foundation seed during 2007 and 2008.
Description Botanical and Agronomic Characteristics A majority of the data presented here (Tables 1–4) is from the 2006 to 2008 Virginia Official Variety Trials (http:// www.grains.cses.vt.edu/; verified 22 Sept. 2009) and from the Uniform Southern SRW Wheat Nursery (USDA–ARS, 2005, 2006) as complete reports are readily available. Statistical analysis is not performed on the latter nursery, so only data means are presented herein. Jamestown has a prostrate to semi-erect juvenile plant growth habit. At the boot stage, it has green plant color and flag leaves that are recurved and twisted. Coleoptiles are white and anthers are yellow in color. Stem internodes are
Table 1. Grain yield (GY), volume weight (VW), days to heading (DTH), plant height (PH), straw strength (SS), spring freeze tolerance (SFT), and reaction† to powdery mildew (PM), leaf rust (LR), Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYD), and Fusarium head blight (FHB) for wheat cultivar Jamestown and other cultivars evaluated in Virginia’s Official Wheat Variety Trial (2006–2008). Cultivar
GY kg ha
VW –1
–1
DTH
PH
SS
SFT
PM
LR
BYD
FHB‡ 0–100
kg hL
d
cm
0–9
0–9
0–9
0–9
0–9
5644
78.1
117
81
1
3
1
2
1
6
SS 520
5778
75.4
117
89
1
4
1
2
3
26
Pioneer 26R87
5442
79.3
117
84
1
5
1
1
2
11
Featherstone 176
5778
76.1
118
86
2
3
0
4
2
16
Coker 9553
5644
78.0
118
86
1
2
1
2
2
10 32
Jamestown
Pioneer 26R24
5980
76.3
119
89
1
3
2
2
2
Sisson
5846
76.1
119
81
2
4
1
7
2
15
USG 3209
5846
75.5
119
81
3
3
2
6
1
16
Panola
5778
74.9
119
86
1
2
1
3
2
21 18
Pioneer 26R31
5778
75.8
119
76
0
4
0
2
3
USG 3342
5778
75.9
119
79
1
3
0
2
2
6
USG 3665
6181
76.2
120
89
1
2
1
1
1
12
Chesapeake
5913
77.6
120
84
2
2
0
4
2
12
Vigoro 9510
5913
75.9
120
86
2
3
1
4
2
10
Tribute
5913
79.5
120
81
1
2
0
1
2
8
Dominion
5846
76.7
120
79
1
1
0
2
2
11
SS 8404
5778
78.0
120
79
0
4
3
3
1
16
USG 3592
5711
76.6
120
91
3
3
2
0
2
32
McCormick
5510
78.6
120
79
1
2
0
7
2
13
Massey
4972
75.9
120
97
3
3
1
7
3
6
Pioneer 26R15
6047
75.0
121
86
1
1
1
1
2
10
SS 560
6047
75.7
121
84
1
2
2
4
2
22
MPV 57
5980
75.5
121
89
2
4
2
4
3
11
Pioneer 26R12
5913
77.5
121
86
0
2
1
2
2
21
SS 8302
5913
77.0
121
91
1
3
3
3
2
11
SS 8309
5913
76.3
122
89
1
1
1
3
2
16
Red Ruby
5778
75.9
122
91
1
2
1
6
2
10
W-1377
5711
77.9
122
91
1
1
4
4
1
15
Coker 9436
5577
73.7
124
81
2
2
2
2
2
9
Mean
5846
76.4
120
84
1
2
1
3
2
15
134
0.3
1
3
8
1.3
3
4
1 104
1 23
1 86
1 36
1 40
8 48
12
12
15
2
7
12
7
3
LSD 0.05 CV% Location-years
23
23
†
The 0–9 rating scale indicates a genotype’s response to disease, freeze, or lodging, where 0 = highly resistant and 9 = highly susceptible.
‡
FHB index = (% incidence × % severity)/100.
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Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2010
hollow and peduncles are semi-erect. Spikes and straw are creamy white in color at maturity, and the awned, inclined spikes are mid-dense and tapering in shape. Glumes are short and white with oblique shoulders and obtuse beaks. The soft red kernels are ovate in shape with rounded cheeks and a medium length brush. Jamestown has an average 1000 kernel weight of 35.8 g and a seed phenol reaction that is dark brown. Jamestown is a distinctly early maturing cultivar with a mean spike emergence (days to heading from 1 January) ranging from 112 to 117 d in the southern soft wheat region (Tables 1 and 2). Head emergence is 1 to 2 d earlier than ‘AGS 2000’ (PI 612956). Plant height of Jamestown (81–82 cm) is most similar to that of ‘McCormick’ (PI 632691) and is 11 to 12 cm shorter than AGS 2000. Straw strength (0 = erect to 9 = completely lodged) of Jamestown (0.6–1.0) is very good compared with values of 1.4 to 3.0 for USG 3209 (PI 617055 PVPO). On the basis of data from the 2005 (four sites) and 2006 (three sites) Uniform Southern Nurseries, winter hardiness (0 = no injury to 9 = complete kill) of Jamestown (3.6 and 0.7) is better than or equal to that of USG 3209 (5.6 and 1.0).
Field Performance In Virginia the 3-yr average (2006–2008) grain yield of Jamestown (5644 kg ha–1) has been similar to other early heading (117–118 d) cultivars (Table 1). Average grain volume weight of Jamestown (78.1 kg hL –1) is most similar to that of ‘Coker 9553’ (PI 643092 PVPO) and significantly higher than those of cultivars SS 520 at 75.4 kg hL –1 and Featherstone 176 (PI 643427 PVPO) at 76.1 kg hL –1. Jamestown was also evaluated in the Uniform Southern SRW
Wheat Nursery (Table 2) in 2005 (41 entries, 27 environments) and 2006 (45 entries, 26 environments) and ranked seventh in grain yield among all entries in 2005 (5496 kg ha–1) and 2006 (5563 kg ha–1). The four check cultivars had mean grain yields ranging from 4596 to 5080 kg ha–1 in 2005 and from 4878 to 5489 kg ha–1 in 2006. In both years, Jamestown ranked second among all entries for grain volume weight (77.1–77.7 kg hL –1).
Disease and Insect Resistance Reaction of Jamestown to disease and insect pests (0 = immunity to 9 = very susceptible) was evaluated over diverse environments (Tables 1 and 3). Jamestown is resistant (field score = 2.3) to Hessian fly biotypes B, C, D, and E but susceptible to biotype L on the basis of seedling tests of entries in the 2005 and 2006 Uniform Southern SRW Wheat Nurseries conducted by USDA–ARS at West Lafayette, IN (USDA–ARS, 2005, 2006). Jamestown expresses resistance to FHB and in inoculated-irrigated experiments had a mean FHB index value (0–100) of 6.0 compared with values ranging from 10 to 26 for other early heading (117–118 d) cultivars (Table 1). Jamestown expresses a moderately high level of resistance (1.0–1.7) to powdery mildew. It is moderately resistant (1.2–2.2) to stripe rust. In field tests conducted at Washington State University, stripe rust infection type (IT = 0–9) and severity (SEV = 0–100%) ratings at Mt. Vernon, WA, were IT = 5 and SEV = 20% in 2005 and IT = 5 and SEV = 30% in 2006. Jamestown is moderately resistant (1.4–2.0) to leaf rust. In seedling tests of entries in the 2005 and 2006 Uniform Southern SRW Winter Wheat Nurseries conducted by the USDA–ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory in St. Paul,
Table 2. Agronomic performance of wheat cultivar Jamestown and four check cultivars evaluated in the cooperative Uniform Southern Soft Red Winter Wheat Nursery in 2005 and 2006 (USDA–ARS).† Cultivar
Grain yield Yield rank Grain yield Yield rank All sites
South region
kg ha –1
kg ha –1
Vol. weight
Days to heading
Plant height
Straw strength
Winter kill
kg hL–1
d
cm
——— 0–9 ‡ ———
77.7
117
82.0
0.6
3.6
2005 Jamestown
5496
7
5496
4
AGS 2000
4770
28
4885
23
75.0
119
92.5
1.4
5.5
USG 3209
5059
21
5174
19
73.9
119
85.6
1.4
5.6
Pioneer 26R61
5080
20
5086
22
77.0
119
94.2
0.5
4.4
McCormick
4596
30
4340
32
75.4
122
84.3
0.9
2.8
Mean (n = 41)
4959
4885
75.3
121
27
22
No. of sites
26
91.2
1.0
3.8
23
9
4
112
82.0
1.0
0.7
21
2006 Jamestown
5563
7
AGS 2000
5489
9
USG 3209
5288
17
5617
7
77.1
5631
6
75.8
113
94.0
1.3
1.7
5382
15
74.8
114
81.3
1.6
1.0
Pioneer 26R61
5106
28
5127
27
76.2
114
93.7
0.9
1.0
McCormick
4878
39
4878
40
76.2
116
81.7
2.5
0.7
Mean (N = 45)
5180
5227
74.7
114
86.9
26
22
No. of sites †
24
21
20
1.6 14
1.2 3
Complete data summaries available at http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/docs.htm?docid=2925 (verified 22 Sept. 2009).
‡
The 0–9 rating scale indicates a genotype’s resistance to winter kill and lodging, where 0 = highly resistant and 9 = highly susceptible.
Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2010
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Table 3. Reaction (0–9)† of Jamestown and four check cultivars to powdery mildew (PM), leaf rust (LR), stripe rust (YR), leaf blotch (LB), glume blotch (GB), Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSM), soilborne mosaic virus (SBM), Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYD), Fusarium head blight (FHB), stem rust (SR), and Hessian fly (HF) in the cooperative Uniform Southern Soft Red Winter Wheat Nursery in 2005 and 2006 (USDA–ARS).‡ Cultivar
PM
LR
YR
LB
Jamestown
1.1
1.4
1.2
6.0
AGS 2000
1.1
1.0
4.7
USG 3209
1.8
3.9
3.2
Pioneer 26R61
5.0
1.3
McCormick
0.3
4.0
Mean (n = 41)
2.1
No. of sites
5
1.5 14
GB 2005
WSSM
SBM
BYD
FHB
SR
HF
4.0
3.0
0.0
1.5
3.0
3.0
6.3
7.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
3.0
0.0
2.5
1.2
3.0
3.7
2.8
0.0
3.5
2.6
3.0
4.0
2.8
0.0
3.0
2.8
4.1
4.3
4.0
1.0
2.5
13
1
1
2
1
2
2.8
2.5
4.0
3.4
5.6
6.0
2.3
2006 Jamestown
1.7
1.9
2.2
4.1
AGS 2000
2.6
1.3
5.4
4.0
1.0
2.0
3.5
3.9
6.8
4.0
2.5
USG 3209
2.2
3.3
3.0
3.6
3.5
2.0
3.0
3.6
3.6
1.0
3.0
Pioneer 26R61
1.6
1.6
0.5
2.7
1.8
2.5
3.0
3.7
6.4
3.0
2.0
McCormick
0.7
7.0
4.2
3.2
2.5
2.5
3.0
5.3
3.8
5.0
3.3
Mean (N = 45)
2.1
2.2
2.9
3.6
3.1
2.7
3.3
4.0
4.9
4.8
3.6
No. of sites
5
9
5
7
2
1
1
2
3
1
2
†
The 0–9 rating scale indicates a genotype’s response to disease, where 0 = highly resistant and 9 = highly susceptible.
‡
Complete data summaries available at http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/docs.htm?docid=2925 (verified 22 Sept. 2009).
MN, Jamestown was resistant to leaf rust races lacking virulence to both resistance genes Lr10 and Lr18 (BBBD, KDBG, MCDS, MFDS, MFGJ, MLDS, SBDB, SBDD, TBBF, THBJ, TMGJ, and TNRJ), but susceptible to races (NBBK, MCRK, TCRK, and TLGK) having virulence for both genes (USDA–ARS, 2005, 2006). Therefore, Jamestown putatively possesses the race-specific leaf rust resistance genes Lr10 and Lr18. Races of Puccinia triticina possessing virulence for these two genes are prevalent throughout most of the southeastern United States; therefore, Jamestown also likely possesses other seedling or adult-plant resistance genes. On the basis of seedling tests conducted by the Cereal Disease Laboratory, Jamestown is susceptible to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.) races RCRS, RKQQ, TPMK, TTKS, and TTTT (USDA–ARS, 2005, 2006). It is resistant to race QTHJ and moderately resistant to races MCCF and QFCS. Jamestown is moderately resistant to Barley yellow dwarf virus (1.0–3.4), soilborne mosaic virus (0–4.0), and Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (2.5–3.0). It is moderately resistant (2.8–4.0) to glume blotch [caused by Stagonospora nodorum (Berk.) Castellani & E.G. Germano] but moderately susceptible to leaf blotch (caused by Septoria tritici Roberge in Desmaz.), with scores ranging from 4.1 to 6.0.
End-Use Quality Three independent advance quadrumat milling and baking quality evaluations were conducted over two crop years (2005–2006) by the USDA–ARS Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory in Wooster, OH, to estimate flour yield and softness equivalent of the sample (Table 4). Softness equivalent is an estimator of grain softness and break flour yield in long-flow
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milling (Finney and Andrews 1986). Flour softness equivalent values of Jamestown (57.5–58.8 g 100 g–1) were higher than those of the quality standard cultivars (Table 4). Over years, straight grade flour yields of Jamestown (69.4 g 100 g–1) were similar to those of the quality standard cultivars ‘USG 3209’ at 69.2 g 100 g–1 and Pioneer Brand ‘26R61’ (PI 612153 PVPO) at 69.5 g 100 g–1. On average, flour protein concentration (9.25 g 100 g–1) of Jamestown is most similar to that of Pioneer Brand 26R61 (9.28 g 100 g–1), while gluten strength of Jamestown (117 g 100 g–1) assessed via lactic acid solvent retention capacity (AACC method 56-11) tends to be higher than that of Pioneer Brand 26R61 (113 g 100 g–1). Mean cookie spread diameter of Jamestown (17.0 cm for two cookies) is intermediate compared with those of Pioneer Brand 26R61 (17.1 cm) and USG 3209 (16.8 cm). Additional quality data for Jamestown is reported in Souza et al. (2008).
Availability The Foundation Seed Stocks Division of Virginia Crop Improvement Association provided Foundation seed of Jamestown to seed producers during fall 2008, and certified seed will be available to producers in fall 2009. Recognized seed classes include Foundation and Certified. U.S. Plant Variety Protection has been granted for Jamestown (Certificate No. 200800219). A seed sample has been deposited in the USDA–ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation and will become available for distribution after expiration of its U.S. Plant Variety Protection. Small quantities of seed for research purposes may be obtained from the corresponding author for at least 5 years from the date of this publication.
Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2010
Table 4. Milling and baking quality characteristics of wheat cultivar Jamestown and four check cultivars evaluated in the cooperative Uniform Southern Soft Red Winter Wheat Nursery in 2005 and 2006 (USDA–ARS).† Cultivar
Flour yield
Softness equivalent
Flour protein
Gluten strength‡
———————————————— g 100 g –1 ————————————————
Cookie diameter cm
2005 regional bulk Jamestown
69.2
58.0
8.14
123
17.28
AGS 2000
72.4
60.0
8.52
111
17.82
USG 3209 (standard)
69.7
56.9
7.97
116
17.05
§
Pioneer 26R61
69.7
55.9
8.97
117
17.33
McCormick
70.9
63.2
8.43
124
17.65
Jamestown
70.0
57.5
8.61
114
17.03
AGS 2000
71.2
58.2
8.51
107
17.41
USG 3209
68.2
52.9
8.86
113
16.71§
2006 bulk coastal region (GA, MS, NC, SC)
Pioneer 26R61 (standard)
68.9
53.3
9.64
113
16.96
McCormick
68.0 §
60.4
8.65
118
17.26
Jamestown
69.1§
10.08
113
16.79§
AGS 2000
72.1
59.7
9.10
108
17.56
USG 3209
69.7
55.6
8.74
113
16.65 §
2006 bulk interior region (AL, AR, VA) 58.8
Pioneer 26R61 (standard)
70.0
54.8
9.22
109
17.08
McCormick
68.3 ¶
63.0
8.60
122
17.05
†
Complete data summaries available at http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/docs.htm?docid=2925 (verified 22 Sept. 2009).
‡
Gluten strength estimated by lactic acid solvent retention capacity assay (AACC, 2000; approved method 56-11).
§
Trait value differs from that of the cultivar used as the quality check (Std.) by one standard deviation.
¶
Trait value differs from that of the cultivar used as the quality check (Std.) by two standard deviations.
Acknowledgments and Disclaimer Jamestown was developed with financial support from the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, the Virginia Small Grains Board, the Virginia Agricultural Council, the Virginia Crop Improvement Association, the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, and the USDACooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service. This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Agreement No. 59-0790-4-102 and 2006-55606-16629. Any opinions, fi ndings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
References American Association of Cereal Chemists. 2000. AACC approved methods. 10th ed. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN. Brann, D.E., D.L. Holshouser, and G.L. Mullins. 2000. Agronomy handbook. Publ. 424-100. Virginia Coop. Ext. Blacksburg, VA. Brooks, W.S., M.E. Vaughn, C.A. Griffey, A.M. Price, T.H. Pridgen, W.L. Rohrer, D.E. Brann, E.G. Rucker, H.D. Behl, W.L. Sisson, R.A. Corbin, J.C. Kenner, D.W. Dunaway, R.M. Pitman, R. Premakumar, and D.P. Livingston. 2005. Registration of ‘Thoroughbred’ barley. Crop Sci. 45:789–790. Chen, J., C.A. Griffey, M.A. Saghai Maroof, E.L. Stromberg, R.M. Biyashev, W. Zhao, M.R. Chappell, T.H. Pridgen, Y. Dong, and Z. Zeng.
Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 4, No. 1, January 2010
2006. Validation of two major quantitative trait loci for Fusarium head blight resistance in Chinese wheat line W14. Plant Breed. 125:99–101. Finney, P.L., and L. Andrews. 1986. Revised microtesting for soft wheat quality evaluation. Cereal Chem. 63:177–182. Griffey, C.A., W.L. Rohrer, T.H. Pridgen, W.S. Brooks, M.E. Vaughn, W.L. Sisson, A.M. Price, D.E. Brann, and A.E. Smid. 2003. Registration of Sisson wheat. Crop Sci. 43:1134. Griffey, C.A., T.M. Starling, A.M. Price, W.L. Sisson, M.K. Das, T.H. Pridgen, M.E. Vaughn, W.L. Rohrer, and D.E. Brann. 2001. Registration of Roane wheat. Crop Sci. 41:1359. Peterson, R.F., A.B. Campbell, and A.E. Hannah. 1948. A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stem of cereals. Can. J. Res. Sect. C 26:496–500. Souza, E.J., C. Griffey, M. Kweon, and M. Guttieri. 2008. Sources of variation for long-flow experimental milling. Crop Sci. 48:1432–1440. USDA–ARS. 2005. 2004–2005 uniform southern soft red winter wheat nursery report. Available at http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/ Place/53660000/us0405.pdf (verified 22 Sept. 2009). USDA–ARS, Aberdeen, ID. USDA–ARS. 2006. 2005–2006 uniform southern soft red winter wheat nursery report. Available at http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/ Place/53660000/us0506a.pdf (verified 22 Sept. 2009). USDA–ARS, Aberdeen, ID.
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