ISSN: 0256 - 307 X
中国物理快报
Chinese Physics Letters
Volume 30 Number 2 February 2013
A Series Journal of the Chinese Physical Society Distributed by IOP Publishing Online: http://iopscience.iop.org/0256-307X http://cpl.iphy.ac.cn
C HINESE P HYSICAL S OCIET Y Institute of Physics PUBLISHING
CHIN. PHYS. LETT. Vol. 30, No. 2 (2013) 020301
Remotely Sharing a Single-Qubit Operation with a Five-Qubit Genuine State
*
YE Biao-Liang(叶表良)1 , LIU Yi-Min(刘益民)2 , LIU Xian-Song(刘先松)1 , ZHANG Zhan-Jun(张战军)1** 1
School of Physics & Material Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230039 2 Department of Physics, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005
(Received 18 October 2012) A three-party scheme for remotely sharing a single-qubit operation with Brown state and local operation and classical communication is proposed. Some discussions are made to show its important features, including determinacy, symmetry, security, expansibility and nowaday’s experimental feasibility.
PACS: 03.65.Ta, 03.67.−a
DOI: 10.1088/0256-307X/30/2/020301
Similar to quantum state teleportaiton (QST)[1−3] with shared entanglements and local operation and classical communication (LOCC), in 2001 Huelga and his coworkers[4] first presented the concept of quantum operation teleportation (QOT), which can be viewed as a quantum remote control. With a seemingly trivial but actually nontrivial protocol, they showed the required resources for implementing QOT. Soon later, Huelga et al.[5] further analyzed what happens if the requirement of universality is removed and then they characterized the sets of the transformations that can be implemented remotely without resorting to the bidirectional QST. Since then, this topic has attracted much attention and some other QOT proposals with the considerations of resource consumption and operation restriction are continually put forward.[6−11] Like the generalization of QST to quantum state sharing (QSS),[12−16] QOT can be generalized by incorporating the idea of secret sharing to form quantum operation sharing (QOS).[17] The basic idea of QOS in the simplest case is that, with shared entanglement and LOCC the performer of a single-qubit operation can assure the operation can be securely accomplished on a state in a remote agent’s qubit if and only if both agents collaborate. In the future quantum network, such an operation can be taken as a control (encryption or decryption) on the quantum information inhabiting the qubit, which can be used as a key to activate some important actions such as missile emissions, quantum collective seal or unseam, remote joint destruction of quantum money, etc. To definitely elucidate QOS, the authors of Ref. [17] presented a general three-party scheme for sharing any operation with the aid of shared entanglements and LOCC. It shows amply how to remotely share an arbitrary single-qubit operation and is used as a reference frame concerning resource consumption and operation
complexity. Moreover, the authors put forward another two separate schemes corresponding to decreasing resource requirement and increasing restrictions on the set of possible operations, too. The latter two schemes indicated that, for some restricted sets of operations whose set information are known in priori, the remote sharing of them can be achieved in more economic way. This is the main contribution of Ref. [17]. In this Letter, we also treat the issue of remotely sharing a qubit operation with shared entanglements and LOCC. However, different from the emphasis of Ref. [17] on sharing some restricted sets, our attention is focused on the secure sharing of an arbitrary singlequbit operation with unit probability. Moreover, we also consider the designed scheme’s experimental feasibility in terms of present technique and its expansibility to a multiparty case. Because of these considerations, we utilize the genuine five-qubit entangled state (i.e., the Brown state)[18] as the shared quantum resource to design our scheme. BTW, Brown et al.[18] initially presented and studied the Brown state via the computationally tractable entanglement measure developed by themselves and found it more highly entangled than a 5-qubit GHZ state. Recently, it has been intensively studied and applied to treat some quantum tasks.[19,20] Now let us amply depict our scheme. There are three legitimate participants, say, Alice, Bob and Charlie. Alice is the performer of a single-qubit operation 𝒪, which may be unknown even to herself. Bob and Charlie are Alice’s two remote agents. Alice wants to remotely and successfully operate a state |𝜙⟩ in a remote qubit in the agents’ site with the operation 𝒪. Without loss of generality, suppose the quantum information |𝜙⟩ inhabits the qubit 𝑑 in Bob’s site and reads |𝜙⟩𝑑 = 𝛼|0⟩𝑑 + 𝛽|1⟩𝑑 ,
(1)
* Supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No 20103401110007, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10874122, 10975001, 51072002 and 51272003, the Program for Excellent Talents at the University of Guangdong Province (Guangdong Teacher Letter [1010] No 79), and the 211 Project of Anhui University. ** Corresponding author. Email:
[email protected] © 2013 Chinese Physical Society and IOP Publishing Ltd
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where 𝛼 and 𝛽 are complex and satisfy |𝛼|2 + |𝛽|2 = 1. The shared entanglement is the five-qubit genuinely entangled state[18]
where |𝒬0,0 ⟩ = 𝛼(|0011⟩ + |0100⟩ + |1001⟩ + |1110⟩) − 𝛽(|0110⟩ − |0001⟩ − |1100⟩ + |1011⟩),
|𝒢5 ⟩𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐
1 = √ [|00101⟩−|00110⟩+|01000⟩ − |01011⟩ 8 +|10001⟩ + |10010⟩ + |11100⟩ + |11111⟩]𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐 ,
(1,1)
|𝒢5′ ⟩𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐 = 𝜎𝑏1 𝒫𝑏𝑐1 𝑏 𝒩𝑏𝑐1 𝑏 |𝒢5 ⟩𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐 1 = √ [|00101⟩−|01110⟩+|01000⟩ + |00011⟩ 8 + |10001⟩ + |11010⟩ + |11100⟩ (3)
As a consequence, the total state of the six qubits (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎1 , 𝑏1 , 𝑐, 𝑑) in the whole system is now changed into |𝒯6 ⟩𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐𝑑 = |𝒢5′ ⟩𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐 ⊗ |𝜙⟩𝑑 .
(4)
(iv) Measure his qubit pair (𝑏1 , 𝑑) with the Bellstate bases. The four Bell √ states are defined as {|ℬ0,0 ⟩√ = (|00⟩ + |11⟩)/ 2, √|ℬ0,1 ⟩ = (|01⟩ + |10⟩)/√2, |ℬ1,0 ⟩ = (|01⟩ − |10⟩)/ 2, |ℬ1,1 ⟩ = (|00⟩ − |11⟩)/ 2} throughout this study. Bob’s measurement makes the state of the whole six-qubit system collapse to one of the following four normalized states, |ℬ0,0 ⟩𝑏1 𝑑 |𝒬0,0 ⟩𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑐 , |ℬ0,1 ⟩𝑏1 𝑑 |𝒬0,1 ⟩𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑐 , |ℬ1,0 ⟩𝑏1 𝑑 |𝒬1,0 ⟩𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑐 , |ℬ1,1 ⟩𝑏1 𝑑 |𝒬1,1 ⟩𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑐 ,
− 𝛽(|0011⟩ + |0100⟩ + |1001⟩ + |1110⟩), |𝒬1,0 ⟩ = 𝛼(|0110⟩ − |0001⟩ − |1100⟩ + |1011⟩)
(2)
where the qubit pair (𝑎, 𝑎1 ) is in Alice’s position, the qubit pair (𝑏, 𝑏1 ) belongs to Bob, and the qubit 𝑐 is at Charlie’s hand. To accomplish the quantum task with the shared entanglement and LOCC, Alice lets her two agents help her and collaborate with each other. However, because she trusts neither agent but their entity, she must assure the operation is accomplished with both agents’ collaboration. In accordance with these requirements, our scheme is designed in the following way. First, Alice lets Bob do as follows: (i) Carry out the two-qubit unitary operation 𝒩𝑏𝑐1 𝑏 . Here the unitary operation 𝒩𝑏𝑐1 𝑏 is actually a twoqubit controlled NOT (CNOT) gate, which is defined as 𝒩 𝑐 = |0⟩⟨0| ⊗ 𝜎 (0,0) + |1⟩⟨1| ⊗ 𝜎 (0,1) with two Pauli operations 𝜎 (0,0) = |0⟩⟨0| + |1⟩⟨1| and 𝜎 (0,1) = |0⟩⟨1| + |1⟩⟨0|. Complementarily, the other Pauli operations are 𝜎 (1,1) = |0⟩⟨0| − |1⟩⟨1| and 𝜎 (1,0) = |0⟩⟨1| − |1⟩⟨0|. (ii) Execute the two-qubit unitary operation 𝒫𝑏𝑐1 𝑏 . The unitary operation 𝒫 𝑐 = |0⟩⟨0| ⊗ 𝜎 (0,0) + |1⟩⟨1| ⊗ 𝜎 (1,1) is a two-qubit controlled PHASE gate. (1,1) (iii) Perform the Pauli operation 𝜎𝑏1 . The three operations above convert the genuine five-qubit entangled state to
− |10111⟩]𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐 .
|𝒬0,1 ⟩ = 𝛼(|0110⟩ − |0001⟩ − |1100⟩ + |1011⟩)
(5)
+ 𝛽(|0011⟩ + |0100⟩ + |1001⟩ + |1110⟩), |𝒬1,1 ⟩ = 𝛼(|0011⟩ + |0100⟩ + |1001⟩ + |1110⟩) + 𝛽(|0110⟩ − |0001⟩ − |1100⟩ + |1011⟩). (6) BTW, it is well known that Bell-state measurements can be realized via a two-qubit CNOT and single-qubit Hadamard operations as well as two single-qubit measurements in computation bases. (v) Notify Alice of the measurement results. To do so, Bob can use the Bob-Alice classical channel to tell Alice via a classical message according to their priori agreement, i.e., a two-bit message (𝑛, 𝑚) corresponds to the Bell state |ℬ𝑛,𝑚 ⟩ and vice versa (identically hereafter in this study). Secondly, after receiving Bob’s message, Alice does as follows: (1) Performs the two-qubit CNOT operation 𝒩𝑎𝑐1 𝑎 . (2) Carries out the single-qubit Hadamard operation 𝐻 on her qubit 𝑎1 . (3) Performs the same operation as that in the step (1) again. (4) Performs the Pauli operation 𝜎 (𝑛,𝑚) on 𝑎1 according to the classical message (𝑛, 𝑚) she received. After tedious deductions, one can know that after Alice’s performance, the state of the qubits (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎1 , 𝑐) has been transformed to 𝜎𝑎(𝑛,𝑚) 𝒩𝑎𝑐1 𝑎 𝐻𝑎1 𝒩𝑎𝑐1 𝑎 |𝒬𝑛,𝑚 ⟩𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑐 1 1 = √ [𝛼(|0100⟩ + |1001⟩) + 𝛽(|0110⟩ + |1011⟩]𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑐 . 2 (7) (5) Executes the operation 𝒪 on her qubit 𝑎1 . (6) Measures her qubit pair (𝑎, 𝑎1 ) with the Bellstate bases. After Alice’s measurement, the state of (𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑎1 , 𝑐) collapses to one of the following four states: {|ℬ𝑛,𝑚 ⟩𝑎1 𝑎 |𝒟𝑛,𝑚 ⟩𝑏𝑐 , 𝑛 = 0, 1, 𝑚 = 0, 1},
(8)
where |𝒟𝑛,𝑚 ⟩𝑏𝑐 = 𝜎𝑐(0,0) 𝜎𝑐(𝑛,𝑚) 𝒪𝑐 |𝜙⟩𝑐 𝐻𝑏 |0⟩𝑏 − 𝜎𝑐(1,1) 𝜎𝑐(𝑛,𝑚) 𝒪𝑐 |𝜙⟩𝑐 𝐻𝑏 |1⟩𝑏 , (0,1) (𝑛,𝑚) 𝜎𝑏 𝒪𝑏 |𝜙⟩𝑏 𝐻𝑐 |0⟩𝑐 (1,0) (𝑛,𝑚) + 𝜎𝑏 𝜎𝑏 𝒪𝑏 |𝜙⟩𝑏 𝐻𝑐 |1⟩𝑐 .
= 𝜎𝑏
(9)
Note that Alice’s Bell-state measurements result in different state collapses of the qubit pair (𝑏, 𝑐) with
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equal weight. Specifically, each collapsed state occurs with a probability of 1/4. We have rewritten each collapsed state in a different form, as expressed by Eqs. (8) and (9). From this, one sees readily that each of the collapsed states can be recovered to the desired state 𝒪|𝜙⟩ via the corresponding reverse operations. In spite of this, the desired state is actually reconstructed in different qubits in Bob’s and Charlie’s locations, respectively. This difference implies different routes of reconstruction, as will be clearly shown later. In addition, without loss of generality we suppose that |ℬ𝑛′ ,𝑚′ ⟩𝑎1 𝑎 is measured and the corresponding collapsed state is |𝒟𝑛′ ,𝑚′ ⟩𝑏𝑐 and take this as the example later for the sake of clear expression. (7) Tell Bob and Charlie her measurement outcome. As before, this process is achieved via their classical communications and their priori agreements. Specifically, Alice tells Bob and Charlie the classical message (𝑛′ , 𝑚′ ) which corresponds to the collapsed state |𝒟𝑛′ ,𝑚′ ⟩𝑏𝑐 . Thirdly, if Alice’s two agents cooperate, they can help Alice to conclusively fulfill the operation 𝒪 on the state |𝜙⟩ in a qubit in their position as follows. (I) Bob performs a Hadamard operation 𝐻 on his qubit 𝑏. (II) Bob measures his qubit 𝑏 in the computation bases {|0⟩, |1⟩}. Bob’s manipulation makes the state of the qubit pair (𝑏, 𝑐) transform to ′
′
|𝑙⟩𝑏 𝜎𝑐(𝑙,𝑙) 𝜎𝑐(𝑛 ,𝑚 ) 𝒪𝑐 |𝜙⟩𝑐 , 𝑙 = 0, 1.
(10)
(III) Bob tells Charlie his measurement outcome. Bob communicates with Charlie via their classical channel. In the beforehand agreement, the states |0⟩ and |1⟩ correspond respectively to the single cbits 0 and 1 and vice versa. (𝑛′ ,𝑚′ ) (𝑙,𝑙) 𝜎𝑐 in terms of Al(IV) Charlie executes 𝜎𝑐 ice’s and Bob’s classical messages. So far, the state in the qubit is converted to 𝒪𝑐 |𝜙⟩𝑐 , specifically, ′
′
′
′
𝜎𝑐(𝑛 ,𝑚 ) 𝜎𝑐(𝑙,𝑙) 𝜎𝑐(𝑙,𝑙) 𝜎𝑐(𝑛 ,𝑚 ) 𝒪𝑐 |𝜙⟩𝑐 = 𝒪𝑐 |𝜙⟩𝑐 , 𝑙 = 0, 1. (11) Obviously, Alice’s operation 𝒪 has conclusively and successfully been carried out on the state |𝜙⟩ in a remote qubit with the shared entanglement and LOCC. Similarly, if Bob and Charlie decide to reconstruct the state 𝒪|𝜙⟩ in the qubit 𝑏, they can exchange their performances. However, in the final reconstruction stage, the unitary operation needs to be slightly changed. Specifically, Charlie performs the same operations as those in steps (I–III) instead of Bob, however, at the last step Bob accomplishes the reconstruction as follows. ′ ′ (IV′ ) Bob operates 𝜎 (𝑛 ,𝑚 ) 𝜎 (𝑙,𝑙⊕1) on his qubit 𝑏 according to Alice’s and Charlie’s classical messages.
According to the following formula (𝑛′ ,𝑚′ ) (𝑙,𝑙⊕1) (𝑙,𝑙⊕1) (𝑛′ ,𝑚′ ) 𝜎𝑏 𝜎𝑏 𝜎𝑏 𝒪𝑏 |𝜙⟩𝑏
𝜎𝑏
𝑙 = 0, 1,
= 𝒪𝑏 |𝜙⟩𝑏 , (12)
Evidentially, one can see that Alice’s operation 𝒪 has been successfully performed on the state |𝜙⟩ in a remote qubit 𝑏 with the shared entanglement and LOCC, too. Now we will briefly discuss our scheme. From the scheme depiction, one can readily see that our scheme is deterministic, that is, the sharing of a single-qubit operation is conclusively fulfilled with unit probability. Moreover, the scheme is symmetric as far as the sharers are concerned. Specifically, either sharer can successfully reconstruct the operation on the target state. Such determinacy and symmetry are two distinct features of our scheme. Evidently, they satisfy our initial requirements on the scheme design. Now let us consider the security of our scheme via a simple analysis. It depends thoroughly on whether the three legitimate parties have securely shared the entanglement beforehand. By virtue of the same matured check strategies in treating other similar quantum tasks,[21,22] then any evil outsider’ attack or insider’s cheating can be easily detected. For simplicity, here we do not repeat it. This means that the present scheme is conclusively secure, too. In addition, as mentioned before, our scheme is symmetric as far as the sharers are concerned. Such symmetry implies essentially the implementers uncertainty of the final reconstruction. Consequently, neither sharer can solely determine in priori to finally accomplish the reconstruction, which can be viewed as a scheme security protection in another manner. The main doubt might arise from why such quantum channel is considered. As a matter of fact, in the intending quantum network various entangled states might be taken as quantum channels to link different quantum nodes due to the requirements of special quantum tasks. Consequently, in some urgent conditions where only such qubit distributions (i.e., the five qubits are in the genuine state and each belongs to a specific participant) are accessible, then the present scheme can be executed to securely implement the remote operation sharing in such quantum scenario. In this sense, the present scheme is more rightly taken as a candidate one. Essentially, our scheme is an ordering hybrid of quantum state teleportation and the demanding operations as well as quantum state sharing. This can be seen from the analysis of the quantum channel. The essential reason why the quantum task can be achieved via the scheme is that the five-qubit genuine state can be reduced to a tensor product of a twoqubit Bell state and a three-qubit GHZ state by local
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unitary operations, i.e., (𝒰𝑏1 𝑏 𝒱𝑎1 𝑎 )|𝒢5 ⟩𝑎𝑏𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐 =(|000⟩ + |111⟩)𝑎𝑏𝑐 (|00⟩ + |11⟩)𝑎1 𝑏1 /2. (13) Obviously, the Bell state and the GHZ state can be used to fulfill quantum state teleportation and quantum state sharing, respectively. From such decomposition, one is readily able to think of the following expansion. Namely, any quantum state which can be represented like 1 Ω𝑠(2) · · · Ω𝑠(𝑛−1) Ω𝑎(𝑛) Ω𝑠(𝑛+1) Γ𝑎0 𝑎 Ω𝑎(0) Ω𝑠(1) (|00 · · · 0⟩ 1 2 𝑛 0 0 2 + |11 · · · 1⟩)𝑎𝑠1 𝑠2 ···𝑠𝑛−1 (|00⟩ + |11⟩)𝑎0 𝑠0 (14) can be used as the quantum channel to realize the 𝑛-party quantum operation sharing, where Γ is an arbitrary two-qubit unitary operation, Ω (𝑖) (𝑖 ∈ {0, 1, 2, · · · , 𝑛, 𝑛 + 1}) is an arbitrary single-qubit unitary operation, the qubit pair (𝑎, 𝑎1 ) belongs to Alice, the qubit 𝑠𝑖 (𝑖 = 1, 2, . . . , 𝑛 − 1) to the sharer 𝑖 and the qubit 𝑠0 to any sharer. Essentially, it is to use the 𝑛-qubit GHZ state instead of the original three-qubit one to fulfill the more-party quantum state sharing as a straightforward generalization. The above discussion shows that our scheme owns the inherent expansibility. Finally let us simply discuss the question of the experimental implementation feasibility of our schemes (including the generalized ones). Obviously, the employed local unitary operations in our schemes are either single-qubit operations or a two-qubit control gates. It is reported that the Bell-state measurements, two-qubit control gates and the singlequbit unitary operations have already been realized in various quantum systems,[23−29] such as the cavity QED system,[23,24] ion-trap system,[25−27] optical system,[28,29] and so on. Consequently, our threeparty scheme and its generalizations are completely feasible according to the present experimental technologies. In summary, we have proposed a specific threeparty scheme for remotely sharing any single-qubit operation with unit probability by using the five-qubit
genuinely entangled state as the quantum channel. Through concrete discussions, we have revealed some important features of the scheme, such as its determinacy, sharer symmetry, security and expansibility to the multiparty case with similar shared multiqubit entanglements as well as its experimental implementation feasibility according to current technologies. In addition, we also point out its potential application in future quantum scenarios.
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Chinese Physics Letters Volume 30
Number 2
February 2013
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THE PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS 021301 Calculation of a Three-Jet Cross Section via the e+ e− →Hadronic Rindler Horizon→q q¯g Process Ali Reza Sepehri, Somayyeh Shoorvazi
NUCLEAR PHYSICS 022101 Alpha-Decay Study of Unfavored Transitions in Bismuth Isotopes NI Dong-Dong, REN Zhong-Zhou 022501 Dependence of Charged Particle Pseudorapidity Distributions on Centrality in Pb–Pb √ Collisions at sNN = 2.76 TeV SUN Jian-Xin, TIAN Cai-Xing, WANG Er-Qin, LIU Fu-Hu 022801 Porous Structure Analysis of the Packed Beds in a High-Temperature Reactor Pebble Bed Modules Heat Transfer Test Facility REN Cheng, YANG Xing-Tuan, SUN Yan-Fei
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS 023201 Analysis of Laser-Diode and Lamp Optical Pumping for a Rubidium Beam GUO Jian, WANG Yan-Hui 023202 Elliptical High-Order Harmonic Generation from H+ in Linearly Polarized Laser Fields 2 ZHANG Bin, ZHAO Zeng-Xiu 023203 Suppression of Recollision-Excitation Ionization in Nonsequential Double Ionization of Molecules by Mid-Infrared Laser Pulses ZHANG Dong-Ling, TANG Qing-Bin, GAO Yang 023301 Coherent Control of Molecular Orientation by a Terahertz Few-Cycle Laser Pulse QIN Chao-Chao, LIU Yu-Zhu, ZHANG Xian-Zhou, LIU Yu-Fang 023302 Coherent Control of Molecular Alignment and Orientation by a Femtosecond Two-Color Laser Pulse QIN Chao-Chao, ZHAO Xing-Dong, ZHANG Xian-Zhou, LIU Yu-Fang 023401 S-Wave Scattering Properties for Na–K Cold Collisions ZHANG Ji-Cai, ZHU Zun-Lue, SUN Jin-Feng, LIU Yu-Fang 023402 Theory of X-Ray Anisotropy and Polarization Following the Dielectronic Recombination of Initially Hydrogen-Like Ions SHI Ying-Long, DONG Chen-Zhong, FRITZSCHE Stephan, ZHANG Deng-Hong, XIE Lu-You
FUNDAMENTAL AREAS OF PHENOMENOLOGY(INCLUDING APPLICATIONS) 024201 First Application of Single-Shot Cross-Correlator for Characterizing Nd:glass Petawatt Pulses WANG Yong-Zhi, OUYANG Xiao-Ping, MA Jin-Gui, YUAN Peng, XU Guang, QIAN Lie-Jia 024202 Stable Single Polarization, Single Frequency, and Linear Cavity Er-Doped Fiber Laser Using a Saturable Absorber LI Qi, YAN Feng-Ping, PENG Wan-Jing, FENG Su-Chun, FENG Ting, TAN Si-Yu, LIU Peng 024203 Fluorescence and Four-Wave Mixing in Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Windows WANG Zhi-Guo, LI Cheng, ZHANG Zhao-Yang, CHE Jun-Ling, QIN Meng-Zhe, HE Jia-Nan, ZHANG Yan-Peng 024204 Collisions between Solitons Modulated by Gain/Loss and Phase in the Complex Ginzburg–Landau Equation LIU Bin, HE Xing-Dao, LI Shu-Jing 024205 Double-Brillouin-Frequency Spaced Multiwavelength Generation in a Ring Brillouin-Erbium Fiber Laser LI Jun, CHEN Tao, SUN Jun-Qiang, SHEN Xiang 024206 Evolution of Residual Stress and Structure in YSZ/SiO2 Multilayers with Different Modulation Ratios XIAO Qi-Ling, HU Guo-Hang, HE Hong-Bo, SHAO Jian-Da 024207 Intracavity Optical Deposition of Graphene Saturable Absorber for Low-Threshold Passive Mode-Locking of a Fiber Laser LUO Zhi-Chao, CAO Wen-Jun, LUO Ai-Ping, XU Wen-Cheng 024208 Graphene Oxide-Based Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Y. K. Yap, N. M. Huang, S. W. Harun, H. Ahmad 024209 High Intensity Single-Mode Peak Observed in the Lasing Spectrum of InAs/GaAs Quantum Dot Laser YUE Li, GONG Qian, YAN Jin-Yi, CAO Chun-Fang, LIU Qing-Bo, WANG Yang, CHENG Ruo-Hai, WANG Hai-Long, LI Shi-Guo 024210 Room Temperature Diode-Pumped Tunable Single-Frequency Tm:YAG Ceramic Laser YAO Bao-Quan, YU Xiao, JU You-Lun, LIU Wen-Bin, JIANG Ben-Xue, PAN Yu-Bo 024211 Band Structure of Bose-Einstein Condensates in a Cavity-Mediated Triple-Well System WANG Bin, CHEN Yan
024212 High Energy Terahertz Parametric Oscillator Based on Surface-Emitted Configuration XU De-Gang, ZHANG Hao, JIANG Hao, WANG Yu-Ye, LIU Chang-Ming, YU Hong, LI Zhong-Yang, SHI Wei, YAO Jian-Quan 024213 Effect of Phase Noise on the Stationary Entanglement of an Optomechanical System with Kerr Medium ZHANG Dan, ZHENG Qiang 024301 Matched Field Source Localization via Environmental Focalization LI Qian-Qian, LI Zheng-Lin, ZHANG Ren-He 024302 Lesions in Porcine Liver Tissues Created by Continuous High Intensity Ultrasound Exposures in Vitro ZHANG Zhe, CHEN Tao, ZHANG Dong 024701 Effects of Magnetic Field on Entropy Generation in Flow and Heat Transfer due to a Radially Stretching Surface Adnan Saeed Butt, Asif Ali
PHYSICS OF GASES, PLASMAS, AND ELECTRIC DISCHARGES 025201 Double-Relativistic-Electron-Layer Proton Acceleration with High-Contrast Circular-Polarization Laser Pulses HUANG Yong-Sheng, WANG Nai-Yan, TANG Xiu-Zhang, SHI Yi-Jin, ZHANG Shan 025202 Estimating the Radial Profile of Edge Plasma Electrical Fluctuations in the IR-T1 Tokamak K. Mikaili Agah, M. Ghoranneviss, M. K. Salem, A. Salar Elahi, S. Mohammadi, R. Arvin
CONDENSED MATTER: STRUCTURE, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES 026101 AlGaN/GaN MISHEMTs with Sodium-Beta-Alumina as the Gate Dielectrics TIAN Ben-Lang, CHEN Chao, ZHANG Ji-Hua, ZHANG Wan-Li, LIU Xing-Zhao 026102 A Single Cluster Covering for Dodecagonal Quasiperiodic Ship Tiling LIAO Long-Guang, ZHANG Wen-Bin, YU Tong-Xu, CAO Ze-Xian
CONDENSED MATTER: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES 027101 Topological Invariants of Metals and the Related Physical Effects ZHOU Jian-Hui, JIANG Hua, NIU Qian, SHI Jun-Ren 027301 Plasmon-Enhanced Upconversion Fluorescence in Er3+ :Ag Phosphate Glass: the Effect of Heat Treatment Raja J. Amjad, M. R. Sahar, S. K. Ghoshal, M. R. Dousti, S. Riaz, A. R. Samavati, M. N. A Jamaludin, S. Naseem 027302 Research with KNbO3 Bulk and Surface Properties Based on Density Functional Theory SUN Hong-Guo, ZHOU Zhong-Xiang, YUAN Cheng-Xun, YANG Xiao-Niu 027303 P-type ZnO:N Films Prepared by Thermal Oxidation of Zn3 N2 ZHANG Bin, LI Min, WANG Jian-Zhong, SHI Li-Qun 027401 The Predicted fcc Superconducting Phase for Compressed Se and Te ZHOU Da-Wei, PU Chun-Ying, Szcz¸e´aniak Dominik, ZHANG Guo-Fang, LU Cheng, LI Gen-Quan, SONG Jin-Fan 027402 Superconductivity Tuned by the Iron Vacancy Order in Kx Fe2−y Se2 BAO Wei, LI Guan-Nan, HUANG Qing-Zhen, CHEN Gen-Fu, HE Jun-Bao, WANG Du-Ming, M. A. Green, QIU Yi-Ming, LUO Jian-Lin, WU Mei-Mei 027501 The Hysteretic Behavior of Angular Dependence of Exchange Bias in NiFe/granular-FeMn-MgO Bilayers HU Hai-Ning, QIU Xue-Peng, SHI Zhong 027801 The Thickness Dependence of Optical Constants of Ultrathin Iron Films GAO Shang, LIAN Jie, SUN Xiao-Fen, WANG Xiao, LI Ping, LI Qing-Hao
027802 A Theoretical Analysis of Ultraslow Optical Solitons via Exciton Spin Coherence in GaAs/AlGaAs Multiple Quantum Wells YAN Wei, WANG Tao, LI Xiao-Ming 027803 The Luminescence of a CuI Film Scintillator Controlled by a Distributed Bragg Reflector TONG Fei, ZHU Zhi-Chao, LIU Bo, YI Ya-Sha, GU Mu, CHEN Hong 027804 Vacancy-Induced Ferromagnetism in SnO2 Nanocrystals: A Positron Annihilation Study CHEN Zhi-Yuan, CHEN Zhi-Quan, PAN Rui-Kun, WANG Shao-Jie
CROSS-DISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 028101 The Influence of Graded AlGaN Buffer Thickness for Crack-Free GaN on Si(111) Substrates by using MOCVD XU Pei-Qiang, JIANG Yang, MA Zi-Guang, DENG Zhen, LU Tai-Ping, DU Chun-Hua, FANG Yu-Tao, ZUO Peng, CHEN Hong 028102 Graphene Domains Synthesized on Electroplated Copper by Chemical Vapor Deposition WANG Wen-Rong, LIANG Chen, LI Tie, YANG Heng, LU Na, WANG Yue-Lin 028301 The Stress Distribution in Polydisperse Granular Packings in Two Dimensions SUN Qi-Cheng, ZHANG Guo-Hua, JIN Feng 028401 Sparse Transform Matrices and Their Application in the Calculation of Electromagnetic Scattering Problems CAO Xin-Yuan, CHEN Ming-Sheng, WU Xian-Liang 028501 Stable Organic Field Effect Transistors with Low-Cost MoO3 /Al Source-Drain Electrodes ZHANG Hui, MI Bao-Xiu, LI Xin, GAO Zhi-Qiang, ZHAO Lu, HUANG Wei 028502 An Analytical Model of SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors on SOI Substrate for Large Current Situations XU Xiao-Bo, ZHANG Bin, YANG Yin-Tang, LI Yue-Jin 028503 An Ultrathin AlGaN Barrier Layer MIS-HEMT Structure for Enhancement-Mode Operation QUAN Si, MA Xiao-Hua, ZHENG Xue-Feng, HAO Yue 028801 The Effects of a Low-Temperature GaN Interlayer on the Performance of InGaN/GaN Solar Cells LI Liang, ZHAO De-Gang, JIANG De-Sheng, LIU Zong-Shun, CHEN Ping, WU Liang-Liang, LE Ling-Cong, WANG Hui, YANG Hui
