Responsive Web Design for the Internet Connected TV The answer to more Smart TV Content?
Emmanouil Perakakis mperakakis@staff.teicrete.gr Brunel University & TEI of Crete Uxbridge, London, UK
Gheorghita Ghinea
[email protected] Brunel University Uxbridge, London, UK
SMARTPHONE TABLET LAPTOP DESKTOP
SMART TV
IntroducDon I have been researching Smart TVs for the past few years for my PhD work
IntroducDon • During this Dme I never miss the chance to talk to people that own or intend to buy a SmartTV • I ask them what are the features of a Smart TV that they looked forward to use prior to buying the device • One that comes up very oJen, is the ability to access the web from their TVs • This is actually a very standard Smart TV feature, and it sounds very exciLng…
IntroducDon … unLl they actually use it ☺
IntroducDon • Soon they find out that the web was not made for TV use • Websites are designed with very different devices and input methods in mind
So the TV web experience becomes…
A Nightmare!
User Studies E.g.
There are actually many studies that confirm my empirical findings.
– A survey in Germany* indicates that “many responders find the use of the Internet with the smart TV very inconvenient” • The same survey also indicates that only 1 out of 4 Smart TV owners use their device to go online.
– According to the Australian Connected Consumer Report** the key barriers from using the Internet capabiliDes of these devices are the lack of interest, lack of know-‐how, bad UX, slow connecDon speed and lack of interesLng available content/apps.
*Tomorrow Focus Media (2014). Smart surfing has reached the TV market. Smart-‐TV Effects 2014-‐1. **Nielsen (2013). Australian Connected Consumers Report.
InteresDng… The web actually contains enormous amounts of content, which is accessible through a Smart TV BUT the way this is accessed at the moment is very problemaLc, so most Smart TV users simply choose to avoid it.
Smart TV Apps • •
There is an excepDon of TV-‐opDmized consumpDon of web TV content, in the form of TV apps. This is the preferred method used by most content providers at the moment but it has many shortcomings including:
– There are many different plaVorms,
so it is very difficult and expensive to develop and maintain Apps for all these different plaeorms
– The user has to implicitly download every App he wants to use so, unlike the web, it is not readily available.
– The content available through Apps is limited it will always be only a small fracLon of that actually exists on the web
Mobile Web • We can easily find many similariDes to the early mobile phone landscape in this Smart TV situaDon. • Smart phones had very similar problems, and it took quite a while to be considered the standard web browsing device that is is today. Arguably, the most important reasons for this to happen were: – The availability of faster internet on the go – The improvement of the input and display methods through higher resoluDon screens and quick-‐responding finger-‐touch sensors. – The opLmizaLon of web content for mobile devices, mostly through the use of Responsive Web Design
Input methods and web browsers on Smart TVs • Manufacturers are improving input methods – SDll the D-‐pad remains the only standard, but new more usable device are becoming very common
• TV Devices are becoming more powerful and can perform faster and more accurate web rendering – Browsers are HMTL5/CSS3/JS capable and are adopDng the new standards to a large extend
About Responsive Web Design (RWD) • A way for a single website to be automaLcally adjusted, using CSS media queries, to the user’s device for opLmal viewing • For the past few years, this technique has been successfully used to make websites friendly to mobile phones and tablets with such success, that it has become a standard pracLce to web design. • On a recent study we performed on the world's 50 most visited websites, we found that over 60% of them uses RWD*.
*E. Perakakis, G. Ghinea, E. Thanou (2015). Are Websites OpDmized for Mobile Devices and Smart TVs? . 8th InternaAonal Conference on Human System InteracAon (HSI2015),
RWD on Smart TVs Is RWD currently being used to make the web content TV-‐opLmized ? • No… It seems that responsive web design has been disregarded so far for the TV. • On our aforemenDoned study only 9 out of 49 websites had some basic responsive opDmizaDons for TV* • As RWD must result in opDmally viewing a website on a device, a responsive website doesn’t automaDcally mean that it responds well on EVERY available device
*E. Perakakis, G. Ghinea, E. Thanou (2015). Are Websites OpDmized for Mobile Devices and Smart TVs? . 8th InternaAonal Conference on Human System InteracAon (HSI2015),
How can a website be opDmally viewed on TV? By studying the (limited) literature available on web TV content, combined with research done mostly for TV Apps (which share many in common) and InteracDve TV interfaces we extracted the following basic principles for TV-‐opDmized websites:
• Minimum font size of 22px,
Line length of 10 words or less, generous leading, limit paragraphs to 90 words, broken into small chunks.
• D-‐Pad NavigaLon is preferred, instead of point-‐and-‐click, as many TV devices do not have a reliable poinDng device.
• Paging is beoer than scrolling
that does not work well with most remote controls, as the pointer must usually move to the booom of the screen to iniDate scrolling. Horizontal Paging is preferred to verDcal.
• Clear focus of selected navigaLon item can be easily achieved by stronger coloring/ highlighDng of the element.
• Auto-‐scroll to current navigaLon item
wehn scrolling is necessary while dealing with pages with lots of items (links/buoons). This can be made user-‐friendly if the page automaDcally scrolls to the focus/selected item.
• Avoid Overscan issues
have to do with hiding of content exisDng in the far-‐edges of the TV screen. To prevent this, avoid placing important elements at these locaDons.
A Prototype Responsive Web Site for Smart TV •
•
To test our RWD technique, we developed a mock-‐up News website responsive for Desktop and Mobile devices, but also extended it with an addiLonal adapLve layout for Smart TVs We used a Bootstrap HTML5 template of a News website, Responsive for Mobiles and Extended it to be TV compaLble
! Figure 1. “The missing layout”: A complete Responsive design template with the 3 common versions (Phone, Tablet, Desktop) and an addiLonal one for Smart TV devices. The TV layout enables simple D-‐PAD navigaLon, larger fonts and simplifies the overall experience.
Comparison of navigaDonal elements • •
The arrow lines show the navigaLonal paths using “link navigaDon”, a common feature in most TVs for navigaDng a page with the D-‐PAD of the remote control. It is clear that in the TV-‐opLmized version, the navigaLon is much simpler and straigheorward, with fewer hops between links.
!
How to RWD for TV -‐ Challenges Smart TV DetecLon • Media queries (breakpoints) used in tradiDonal RWD are not enough for TV – The resoluDon of devices can be very misleading
• @Media Type=“TV” also does not work
• A more applicable soluDon for TV device detecDon is to check the User Agent (UA) string using JavaScript. – This is what popular scripts like Categorizr.js [19] and DetecDzr.js [20] are doing
Mozilla/5.0 (SMART-‐TV;X11; Linux armv7I) AppleWebKit/537.42 (KHTML, like Gecko ) Chromium/25.0.1349.2 Chrome /25.0.1349.2 Safari 537.42
How to RWD for TV -‐ Challenges Dynamically move page elements, focusing on items, paging etc • CSS is not enough to perform all the dynamic changes to the page funcDonality • This seemingly complex funcDonality can be easily achieved using JavaScript libraries, such as jQuery •
However, where simpler styling customizaDons are required, CSS-‐only code is adequate and also easier to handle. The basic idea is including a trigger class to the main element to enable custom smart-‐tv styling. So by having an
TesDng on Devices -‐ Issues Some of the issues encountered included: • Browser resoluLon was not the same across tested TV models,
i.e. the fact that a TV is HD and has a naDve resoluDon of 1920x1080 does not mean that when in browser mode the same resoluDon is used. For example in the Samsung 2014 model the resoluDon of the browser was 1280x720, while on GoogleTV was 1128x634. For the newer LG 2015 (WebOS) model the resoluDon was 1920x1080.
• •
Some TV devices may have the “Smart-‐TV” keyword on their UA string. However, all tested devices in this experiment were idenDfied correctly as Smart TVs.
NavigaLon with the remote control or other control devices is very heterogeneous, and the support for D-‐PAD navigaDon in the browser is also not the same across all plaeorms. Even in devices from the same manufacturers, there is not a seamless operaDon of the remote control. For example in LG models from 2014, D-‐PAD (link) navigaDon was working inside the browser but this changed in the 2015 LG WebOS models, where only point and click is supported. So both types of navigaDon have to work correctly in order to have an opDmal cross-‐plaeorm experience.
•
Performance Issues. As the hardware capabiliDes of these devices is limited, having even simple JavaScript animaLon can cause visible slowness of the visual elements and the navigaDon, so it is beoer to avoid them for beoer user experience, especially on older devices. It is noteworthy that most 2015 models have much more capable hardware and this will not be an issue in the future.
RecommendaDons & Guidelines It would be possible to use this technique on new and exisDng responsive web sites, improving the user experience and compaDbility, on the ever-‐increasing Smart TV market. •
• •
•
IdenLfy the type of device
and its capabiliDes using a JavaScript detector script or by looking at the UA browser string.
Remove any unimportant elements from the page, to
streamline the navigaDon, which needs to be simple.
•
•
ULlize D-‐Pad NavigaLon using correct syntax HTML5
•
Avoid large chunks of text, if possible.
•
Rearrange any navigaLonal elements to only horizontal and verLcal grids for clear navigaLon. Make sure the current (focused) element is clearly standing out from the others.
•
Avoid heavily animated elements,
Avoid auto-‐sliders as they are not easy to use on a TV. In our example we replaced the main slider with a much more funcDonal 4-‐column grid of the main news elements.
in order to be easily read from a distance.
•
so that the screen scrolling will follow the users navigaDonal path automaDcally.
although a TV interface would be nice to have them, the hardware is usually incapable of displaying them smoothly and slows down the whole page, making even navigaDon slow and un-‐responding (especially on pre-‐2015 models).
(Check CSS3 nav-‐down property for D-‐PAD moving). Remove any unnecessary links as they will interfere with the navigaDonal paoers, as most TV browsers use “link navigaDon”, i.e. moving from one link to another. (Fig. 2)
Adjust the font sizes, keeping a minimum of 22 pixels,
Enable auto-‐scrolling to the focused element
•
Use Paging – Avoid Scrolling
Can be triggered either with the D-‐PAD keys or (if the device has a scroll buoon) just as the user iniDates scrolling. ExisDng javascript libraries such as fullPage.js [24] can make this easier to implement.
•
Test on as many Smart TV devices as possible,
to fix minor incompaDbiliDes. This is a standard pracDce on RWD, e.g. in mobiles tesDng in as many as possible mobile devices is essenDal.
Conclusion and Future Work • In this paper, we propose the extension of Responsive Web Design techniques on Smart TV systems. This technique can be relaDvely easily implemented on exisLng responsive websites, resulDng in an improved User Experience for the TV users. • Applying this technique to more and more websites could be a soluDon to the availability of the vast amount of web content to the Smart TV devices, a new and quickly developing internet-‐ connected area, with need for more content. • In this iniDal work, it is clear that the described method can be successfully applied in the TV context and our purpose is to further explore its possibiliDes. • In the future we intend to perform tests on a greater number of Smart TVs from different manufacturers as well as performing actual user tesLng.
So, will Smart TVs be ever used as a standard Web Browsing device? This is a difficult quesDon to answer, it certainly seems quite unlikely right now, but this has also been the case on pre-‐iPhone mobiles as well, not to menDon WAP :o In our opinion, as the Web TV UX improves it is likely that more users will start using it, and yes, it will not be a surprise for us if it will be added to the standard web devices in the future But, this remain to be seen….
Responsive Web Design for the Internet Connected TV The answer to more Smart TV Content?
Emmanouil Perakakis mperakakis@staff.teicrete.gr Brunel University & TEI of Crete Uxbridge, London, UK
Gheorghita Ghinea
[email protected] Brunel University Uxbridge, London, UK
THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME!