RFID based Traffic Control System using ARM processor perspective ...

ISSN: 2277 – 9043 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (IJARCSEE) Volume 1, Issue 10, December 2012

RFID based Traffic Control System using ARM processor perspective Kolkata and other densely populated cities. Saurabh Chatterjee1 VLSI & Embedded System design Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, DIMAT, Prof. Balram Timande2 Reader Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, DIMAT,

Abstract This paper is based on traffic control system using RFID. In the metropolitan city like Mumbai, Kolkata we have a severe malfunction of traffic control and various security problems. Firstly, there are number of vehicles on road in such cities leading to mismanagement, Secondly breaking of traffic rules is quite obvious in such cities, thirdly nowadays we have severe security problems in traffic system due anti social elements. This paper suggest a user friendly automated traffic control system which will automatically detect a vehicle using the RFID active tag attached to the vehicle and as soon as the vehicle passes by a reader, this process would lead to identification of each vehicle reducing traffic malfunction and also reducing security problems. This could be only possible by use of RFID tickets and mesh network can be used to make the traffic control smooth and travelling very precise. This paper basically deals with the identification and positioning a vehicle for automated traffic control system. Keywords: RFID, ARM processor.

Introduction The project is implemented using RFID technology and ARM processor. This paper suggests building a RFID system using ARM processor that can identify a particular vehicle in traffic as well as identify traffic density and act accordingly to control the traffic. Automatic detection of vehicle can be used to provide useful estimates of the density of traffic from one place to another leading to proper and controlled flow of traffic. In case of metropolitan cities of India the traffic sometimes goes out of control leading to jams thus people have to face inconvenience while travelling. Radio Frequency

Identification (RFID) tags has been proposed to be used in this project. Each vehicle would be attached with a RFID card with them. As soon as they enter into the range of reader the tag would automatically get read and the traffic light would act accordingly for proper traffic flow and in case of instructing a vehicle individually an audio device would be attached to it. The data will be stored and processed in \ the processor attached to the RFID reader. Even the government is planning to tag every vehicle which gets into the road for security purposes ―Your cars will be tagged ―The Economic Times: September 25, 2007[1]. The ministry of heavy industries is considering a proposal to make it mandatory to fit RFID-enabled devices in the cars manufactured in India. It is believed that RFID tags would help in traffic management as traffic violations by motorists could be tracked and all violations identified. Also, motorists would get charged automatically as soon as they enter a toll area [1]. The ministry of urban development has already discussed a similar agenda with many states. The ministry has proposed a „core area charge‟ for different cities to reduce traffic congestion in the city’s nerve centre. So, people could end up paying a special levy to drive into Connaught Circus, the heart of the Capital [1] . ARM processor is used in this field because it’s one of the powerful processor which is mending for such embedded works. Road fatalities are a major concern in the developed world. Recent studies show that a third of the number of fatal or serious accidents are associated with excessive or inappropriate speed, as well as changes in the roadway (like the presence of road-work or unexpected obstacles) [2]. So this system even can catch hold such vehicles which drive at in appropriate speed.

All Rights Reserved © 2012 IJARCSEE

32

ISSN: 2277 – 9043 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (IJARCSEE) Volume 1, Issue 10, December 2012

System Description The project is basically divided into four main parts: RFID tags  RFID Reader  RFID Coordinator  ARM processor based PCB RFID technology consists of the necessary three components: Tag, Reader and the Coordinator. RFID Tag: -It consists of a microchip with data storage, limited logical functionality and an antenna which is tuned to receive radio frequency waves emitted by a reader or transceiver for allowing wireless communication [16]. RFID scanner/readers: -It consists of a radio frequency module, a control unit and a coupling element to interrogate the tags via radio frequency communication. Readers are usually connected through middleware to a back-end database [16]. RFID Coordinator: It enables the Tags and Routers to form a IEEE 802.15.4-based mesh network which helps the vehicle to be identified. It is connected to a host system which in turn is connected to a wired back bone and/or cell-phone network using GPRS / CDMA modem [1]. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PAPER PROPOSED:

FIGURE I: Block diagram of the system ARM is a 32-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by ARM Holdings. It was named the Advanced RISC Machine, and before that, the Acorn RISC Machine.

The ARM architecture is the most widely used 32-bit ISA in numbers produced. ARM cores are used in a number of products, particularly various smart phones. Some computing examples are the Acorn Archimedes, Apple iPad and ASUS Eee Pad Transformer [16].

Technology Description RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) Technology Many types of RFID exist, but at the highest level, we can divide RFID devices into two classes: active and passive. Active tags require a power source—they’re either connected to a powered infrastructure or use energy stored in an integrated battery. In the latter case, a tag’s lifetime is limited by the stored energy, balanced against the number of read operations the device must undergo. One example of an active tag is the transponder attached to an aircraft that identifies its national origin. Another example is a LoJack device attached to a car, which incorporates cellular technology and a GPS to locate the car if stolen. However, batteries make the cost, size, and lifetime of active tags impractical for the retail trade. Passive RFID is of interest because the tags don’t require batteries or maintenance. The tags also have an indefinite operational life and are small enough to fit into a practical adhesive label. A passive tag consists of three parts: an antenna, a semi conductor chip attached to the antenna, and some form of encapsulation. The tag reader is responsible for powering and communicating with a tag. The tag antenna captures energy and transfers the tag’s ID (the tag’s chip coordinates this process). The encapsulation maintains the tag’s integrity and protects the antenna and chip from environmental conditions or reagents. The encapsulation could be a small glass via or a laminar plastic substrate with adhesive on one side to enable easy attachment to goods. In this project active tag is being used as it has few advantages over passive tags. The active tags are not reader dependent; they can approach the reader at their will. Active tags can act as tags, routers and readers. The function of the reader is to detect and read the RFID tag and then send the information to the host controller. Active RFID tags have battery

All Rights Reserved © 2012 IJARCSEE

33

ISSN: 2277 – 9043 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (IJARCSEE) Volume 1, Issue 10, December 2012

and memory element on it and the tags can communicate with each other. Due to this reason in this project Active tags are being proposed. Active tags have higher range also.

 Lastly, suppose a vehicle crosses the speed limit in a particular road, it can easily detected and fined penalty charges. Thus these are few scenarios where the project would work properly.

Results The schematic for the ARM processor based reader is shown below in Figure III. In this circuit Reader and even GPS can be interfaced. Here ARM processor act as the host controller for the proposed project. FIGURE II Working principle of RFID TAGS [3][16] The host controller processes information and behaves accordingly.

the

Operation of the proposed system In the proposed paper the active RFID tag would be attached to all the vehicles. The tag would have all the information about the vehicle such as owner, model, model number, vehicle number etc. The tag would act as complete identification of the vehicle. There are four basic scenarios in which this system would act effectively.  Now suppose there is congestion in a particular area. As each vehicle is having a RFID tag attached to it, the congestion can be detected easily. Thus the vehicle can be directed accordingly on the audio device attached to the vehicle.  The second scenario is the vehicle density in the squares. There is different vehicle density in different lanes. Now suppose on a particular lane there is maximum vehicle density, so the lane can be made open by traffic lights for more period of time as compared to the other lanes.  Thirdly, using this system core area charges and toll charges can automatically billed using RFID card. Suppose a vehicle want to pass by a toll gate he has to just show the RFID card to the reader attached at the toll gate and the cost can automatically be deducted from the card.

FIGURE III: Circuit schematic The above circuit can be made in a dual layer PCB as single layer PCB would become quite bulky hence producing heating effect.

Conclusion The system is completely automated so it reduces the human effort. The system uses ARM processor, as it’s a very advanced processor so certain applications can be added to it like a monitoring camera can be added to the system to have a complete visualization at high congestion areas. The RFID cards being reusable, they are much more convenient compared to the cardboard based license system. Any unwanted events can be avoided as all the vehicles are carrying RFID tags and are being monitored every time they travel. So this system also helps to solve the security problems of the city.

All Rights Reserved © 2012 IJARCSEE

34

ISSN: 2277 – 9043 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (IJARCSEE) Volume 1, Issue 10, December 2012

References [1] Traffic Congestion Management Using RFID & Wireless Technologies Prof Somprakash Bandyopadhyay INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, CALCUTTA. [2] An RFID-Based Intelligent Vehicle Speed Controller Using Active Traffic Signals. Joshué Pérez *, Fernando Seco, Vicente Milanés, Antonio Jiménez, Julio C. Díaz and Teresa de Pedro. [3] RFID-based Ticketing for Public Transport

System: Perspective Megacity Dhaka **Md. Foisal Mahedi Hasan, *Golam Tangim, *Md. Kafiul Islam, *Md. Rezwanul Haque Khandokar,***Arif Ul Alam [4] Venugopal Prasanth, Hari Prasad R., K.P. Soman, "Ticketing Solutions for Indian Railways Using RFID Technology," act,pp.217-219, 2009 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, 2009 [5]http://rfid.bemrosebooth.com/benefits_of_rfid_tic kets.php [6] Maria Grazia GNONI, Alessandra ROLLO, Piergiuseppe TUNDO, "A smart model for urban ticketing based on RFID applications," IEEM09-P0572, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). [8] Ana Aguiar, Francisco Nunes, Manuel Silva, Dirk Elias, "Personal Navigator for a Public Transport System using RFIDTicketing‖ http://inmotion09.dei.uc.pt/papers/Personal%20Navig ator%20for%20a%20Public%20Transport%20Syste m%20using%20RF ID%20Ticketing.pdf [9] http://www.hbeonlabs.com/synopsis/RFID%20Based %20Road% 20Toll%20Tax.doc [10]http://www.gojohnedwards.com/RFIDMontreal.p dfb [11] Bernard Menezes1, Kamlesh Laddhad , Karthik B. KReSIT, ―Challenges in RFID Deployment – A Case Study in Public Transportation‖http://www.it.iitb.ac.in/~kamlesh/Pag e/Reports/iceg06.pdf [13] ―Vehicle Tracking and Ticketing System (VTTS) UsingRFID ‖http://www.slideshare.net/computercriminals/compl ete-rfidproject-document-i-presentation [14] Karaiskos, Dimitrios, Kourouthanassis, Panagiotis, Giaglis, George, ―User Acceptance of Pervasive Information Systems:Evaluating an RFID

Ticketing System‖:http://is2.lse.ac.uk/asp/aspecis/20070081.pd f [15] http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/view/3049/ [16] Public transport system, ticketing system using RFID and ARM processor perspective Mumbai bus facility B.E.S.T. Prof. Balram Timande and Saurabh Chatterjee.

Biographies Saurabh Chatterjee received the B.E. degree in Electronics and telecommunication engineering from the DIMAT, CSVTU university of Bhilai Chattisgarh, India in 2010, and pursuing the M.Tech. degree in VLSI & Embedded system design from Electronics engineering from the DIMAT, CSVTU university of Bhilai, Chattisgarh. Currently, he is an Asst. Professor of Electronics Engineering at MMCT College Raipur, India. His teaching and research areas include VLSI, instrumentation, control systems, and embedded system design. Ph no. : 7898258898 Prof. Balram Timande is Reader in Electronics and telecom department DIMAT College Raipur under CSVTU University. He is the project guide of Saurabh Chattrejee.

All Rights Reserved © 2012 IJARCSEE

35