(approximant, nasal, plosive, affricate, fricative and vowel) are described in detail. ..... The palato-alveolar fricatives "S" (voiceless) and "Z" (voiced) are produced.
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5&*$ '$ 456 )%!%-$'$! %.#' &$%! '$ '%!' %&( $&( , '$ () &$/ % 1- (%7 7 1'* ,#&*' & -)! +$ '$ %**#!%*8 , '$ - ($72 * #7( .$ %& %7'$!&%'+$ )%!%-$'!* *#!+$ #$( ' , !- - ($7 , * ;%!'*#7%' & & #-%& )$$*2 $ 1- (%7 7 1'* ,#&*' &/ & & 1#!$ ! 2@/ *%& .$ ($0&$( %
%
$!$ % *%7$ '-$ #$( ' .'%& % '$$)$! '!%&' & / . * &'! 7 '$ !> &'%7 '!%&7%' & '-$ / * * &'! 7 '$ +$!%77 1' %&( ( * &'! 7 '$ +$!'*%7 ()7%*$-$&'2 @
1#!$ ! 2 ''&1 (%'% & '$ !( 7 " 7 " ,! - -(;) &' , ) &$-$ " ' $&( , ) &$-$ " 2 *%)'$! )!$$&' % ($'%7$( -$' ( , ! - ($77&1 () &$ #&1 *#; .* < $=>$! $1-$&' %&( % '!%'$18 , ! .7$&(&1 %( %*$&' () &$2 37 )!$$&'$( %!$ %& %7'$!&%'+$ &'$!) 7%' & '$-)7%'$ %&( % 7-$; %''&178; 5$%!-$ 7"$ *$-$ , ! * -)%! & ' '$ < $=>$! - ($72 $$ -$' ( $!$ #$( ' - ($7 ) &$-$/ () &$ %&( % $&'$&*$/ , * !$#7' %!$ (*#$( & '$ &$9' *%)'$!2
1#!$ ! 2@ 51- (%7 7 1'* *#!+$2
*%)'$! )!$$&' '$ !$#7' .'%&$( #&1 . ' < $=>$! %&( 7-$; %''&178;5$%!-$ - ($7 , * ;%!'*#7%' &2 3 (*# & , '$ !$#7' , - ($77&1 () &$ #&1 *#.* < $=>$! $1-$&' &*7#($(2 $ %**#!%*8 , - ($77&1 &(+(#%7 ) &$-$ %7 ($*!.$(2 $ *%)'$! )!$$&' !$#7' , .7$&(&1 %( %*$&' () &$ %&( (*#$ 0!' %''$-)' ' 8&'$>$ %& $9%-)7$ $&'$&*$ #&1 ' '!%'$182
1#!$ 2 '$ %+$!%1$ ! ';-$%&;:#%!$ $!! ! , ! $%* ) &$-$ %77 $9%-)7$ & '$ )$$* * !)# 2 $& %.!#)' '!%&' & %!$ !$:#!$( ' *%& .$ $$& '%' '$ %+$!%1$ 5 $!! ! , '$ - ($7 !$7%'+$78 1 $212 ) &$-$ / ( %&( '5 $& * -)%!$( ' - ' + $7 '!%&; ' & $212 ) &$-$ / %&( # 2
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
$ () &$ %&( '$ !$#7' , $&* (&1 ' #&1 '$ < $=>$! - ($7 , * ;%!'*#7%' & %!$ !$)!$$&'$( & 1#!$ 2 2 Diphone j_3
Diphone j_3 (Bezier model)
1
1
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0 0
0 0
1#!$ 2 $ 456 )%!%-$'$! , () &$ %&( '$ < $=>$! - ($72 1#!$ 2 '$ %+$!%1$ ! ';-$%&;:#%!$ $!! ! , ! $%* , ! () &$ *%'$1 !$2 $ %**#!%*8 , '$ < $=>$! - ($7 , ! -$ () &$ .$''$! '%& '$!2 7 $ $9%-&%' & , '$ (%'% % 171'$( '$ , 77 &1 '!$&( 0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Bezier Model
0.01
RMS Error
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 41 42 43 44 45 51 52 53 54 55 Diphone Category
1#!$ 2 $! - ($7 , $%* () &$ *%'$1 !8 %77 $9%-)7$ & () &$ &+$&' !8 2 %%7;)7
+$ *%'$1 !8 %&( &%%7;,!*%'+$ *%'$1 !8 A () &$ %!$ . ' *%!%*'$!>$( .8 % &%%7 !$ &%&*$ , 77 $( .8 % *%&1$ ' !%7 $- &2 $ !$#7'&1 - ($7 )!$$&' % 7%!1$ 5 $!! ! (#$ ' 1 +%!%&*$ & )7 +$ %&( ,!*%'+$2 67 +$;%))! 9-%&' *%'$1 !8 () &$ %!$ % $*'$( .8 '$ ) ; &$'* * &'$9'2 $& % )7 +$ , 77 %& %))! 9-%&' *%'$1 !8 '$ 0!' ) &$-$ '$!-&%'$ 7$ ' , !-%&' %!$ .$&1 - +$( ' %!( '$ %))! )!%'$ 7 * , ! '$ )7 +$2 67 +$ %+$ * -)7$9 )%!%-$'$! '!%&' & %&( '$ 5 $!! ! & '$$ *%'$1 !$ +$!8 12 $& % !*%'$ ! ,!*%'+$ , 77 + $7 *%'$1 !8 ! A '$ '!%&' & &+ 7+$ '! &1 *%!%*'$!'* , )7 +$;7"$ *7 #!$ %,'$! * '$ % !*%'$ 1&%7 $%!(2 $ 5 $!! ! 12
&
*%'$1 !8 A % !*%'$ ! ,!*%'+$ , 77 $( .8 )7 +$ '$ $* &( #&( , !-$( 7$ '77 )! (#*&1 '$ 0!'2 $ )7 +$ #* % )!$*$ %!'*#7%' !8 1$'#!$ '%' '$ %!'*#7%' ! %+$ ' .$ & % )$*0* ) ' & & !($! ' )! (#*$ '$ #''$!%&*$2
& ,!*%'+$;%))! 9-%&' *7#'$! *%'$1 !8 A '$ %))! 9-%&' 7$ % $*'$( .8 '$ )!$*$(&1 * & &%&' '%& ' & )7 +$;%))! 9-%&' *%'$1 !8 () &$2 $ %+$!%1$ 5 $!! ! 7 $! & *%'$1 !8 A '%& & *%'$1 !8 2 Phoneme h 0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01 0
1#!$ 2A )7%8&1 '$ 0!' 456 )%!%-$'$! , ) &$-$ %77 $9%-)7$ & )$$* * !)# 2 3 !*%'$ ! ,!*%'+$ , 77 $( .8 + $7 *%'$1 !8 A ! &+ 7+$ % '!%&; ' &%7 1&%7 #&:#$ ' $%* + $7 * &'$9'2 $$ #&( %+$ % &%'#!%778 1 +%!%&*$ (#$ ' .$&1 178 * ;%!'*#7%'$( $212 + *$( %7 "& & % + $7/ % & & 1#!$ 2A 2 % $*' '$ %**#!%*8 , '$ - ($72 $& ' * & &%&' **#! * &'1# #78/ $%* .$7 &1&1 ' ( $!$&' *7%$ .#' %+&1 '$ %-$ )7%*$ , %!'*#7%' &/ '$ 7%''$! * & &%&' '%"$ + $7 *%!%*'$!'* $212 )! & %&( * ' 2 -1' .$
A 0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
%& '$! #!*$ , +%!%.7'8 & *7%$ '%' &+ 7+$ * & &%&';* & &%&' *7#'$!2
$7;+ $7 () &$ *%'$1 !8 !! * &' , % - ' '!%&' & ,! &$ + $7 ' %& '$! ' )$!*$)'#%778 -) !'%&' (#!%' & ( $!$&*$ .$'$$& * &'1# # %77 ) &$2 $ 5 $!! ! !$7%'+$78 7 2
& ' $*' & '$ %**#!%*8 , '$ *#.* < $=>$! - ($7 * -)%!$( ' '%' , % '!%1' 7&$ '$-)7%'$ - ($72 Diphone j_3
Diphone j_3 (HMS model)
1
1
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0 0
0 0
1#!$ 2! $ 456 )%!%-$'$! , () &$ %&( '$ 7-$; %''&178; 5$%!-$ 7"$ - ($72 $ () &$ %&( '$ !$#7' , $&* (&1 ' #&1 ' '$*&:#$ %!$ !$)!$; $&'$( & 1#!$ 2! 2 3 '!%1' 7&$ '$-)7%'$/ % ($*!.$( & 5$*' & ! 2 2 / % #$( ' 0' $%* &$ , '$ 456 )%!%-$'$!2 ' *%& .$ $$& '%' '$ .%* 456 )%!%-$'$! '!% $*' !8 !$)$*'$( .#' ' '77 (?*#7' ' - ($7 %.!#)' '!%&' &2 1#!$ 2 '$ %+$!%1$ ! ';-$%&;:#%!$ $!! ! , ! $%* , ! () &$ *%'$1 !$2 $ () &$ *%'$1 !8 (*# & )!$$&'$( , ! '$ < $=>$! - ($7 0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
!
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
HMS Model
0.01
RMS Error
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 41 42 43 44 45 51 52 53 54 55 Diphone Category
1#!$ 2 $! - ($72 $ &$$( &$9' ' ($'$!-&$ , ' #' % -%''$! , - ($7 !($!2 $ 456 )%!%-$'$! '!% $*' !$ )! +$( ' .$ , % * -)7$9 &%'#!$ %&( ' % & ' ) .7$ ' 0' %77 '!%&' & %($:#%'$78 #&1 % < $=>$! - ($7 ' &78 &$ $1-$&'2
Diphone D_@ (Bezier model)
Diphone D_@ (HMS model)
1
1
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0 0
0 0
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
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
@
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
−3
11
x 10
Bezier Model (+_) and HMS Model (x.)
10
9
RMS Error
8
7
6
5
4
3
11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 41 42 43 44 45 51 52 53 54 55 Diphone Category
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
1#!$ 2 !% $*' !8 , '$ 0!' 7&$ )$*'!%7 )%! )%!%-$'$! , ! '$ !( 7 " - ($77$( .8 < $=>$! $1-$&'/ %7 &1 '$ ($0&&1 ) 781 &2 < 2 ' % ) .7$ ' .'%& % * &($!%.7$ %- #&' , (%'% * -)!$ & % & & %.7$ 2 2 1#!$ 2 '$ %+$!%1$ 5 $!! ! , ! $%* !(2
LSP Parameters, Plosive "p" 0.5
0 LSP Parameters (Difference), Plosive "p" 0.04 0.035 0.03 0.025 Energy, Plosive "p"
−4
6
x 10
4 2 0 2.55
2.6
2.65
2.7
2.75
2.8
2.85 4
1#!$ 2 )7%8&1 456 )%!%-$'$!/ %+$!%1$ ( $!$&*$ .$'$$& %( %*$&' 456 )%!%-$'$! %&( $&$!18 & )7 +$ ) 2 x 10
%.7$ 2 #-.$! , )$$* )%!%-$'$! (%'% ) &' %&( -.$! , )%; !%-$'$! * &'! 77&1 '$ - ($7 ) 781 & ) &' 2 !( 53 63 %'% ) &' 6 781 & ) &' 7 " 7 " ! #' % ' , " + '$ " &( &( " A@ %&( & A $$ A , , @ ' ' ! !%&&1 !$ & A !
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
#!'$! ($% ' -)! +$ %&( $9'$&( '$ !" )!$$&'$( & ' '$ &*7#($ '$ , 77 &1 #!'$! !$$%!* &$$($( ' ($'$!-&$ #'%.7$ '!%'$1$ , ! .7$&(&1 < $=>$! $1-$&' ' )! (#*$ % &%'#!%7 #&(&1 #''$!%&*$2 $ $9'&1 '!%'$18 )! (#*$ % - ' '!%&' & .$'$$& < $=>$! $1-$&' .8 $&; #!&1 '%' '$ $&( ) &' , $%* $1-$&' * &*($ ' '$ '%!' ) &' , '$ &$9' %&( '%' '$ &$*$%!8 0!' ($!+%'+$ * &''8 * &(' & %))782
'$! )%!%-$'!* *#!+$ *
#7( .$ #$( ' - ($7 )%!%-$'$! '!%&' &/ )! +(&1 %7'$!&%'+$ 7#' & , ! -$ *7%$ , )$$* #&(2 #!'$! $9)$!-$&'%' & ' '$ < $=>$! - ($7 !($! #7( .$ $&* #!; %1$(/ & !($! ' 0&( '$ .$' * -)! -$ .$'$$& (%'% * -)!$ & %&( )$$* :#%7'82 3& $ $*'+$ !$8&'$ )! *$(#!$ #7( .$ -)7$-$&'$( & '$ ,#'#!$2 $ !$' !$( 456 )%!%-$'$! %&( %&%78$( )$$* (%'% !$(#%7 * #7( .$ #$( .8 % 2 !" % )! +($( % ($$)$! &1' &' )$$* (%'% %&( % $' , )%' , ! ,#!'$! ($+$7 )-$&'2
A
%))$&(9 ( *#-$&' '$ #$/ (#!&1 % )!$7-&%!8 )%$ , !$$%!*/ , % $' , ' 7 ($+$7 )$( ' +#%7>$ $&'$&*$/ ) &$-$ %&( () &$2 $( :#%!$ 1$&$!%'$( % & & 1#!$ 32 2 3 -%'!9 , & $:#%778 )%*$( ) &' *!$%'$(
!
LSP Parameters 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0
#:l
U k
aU
t
@v
D @w I n
d@U
=ns
i
I f
I ts
r
eI
nI
N
#:
Look out of the window and see if it’s raining.
1#!$ 32 )7%8&1 456 )%!%-$'$! , $&'$&*$ 7 " #' , '$ &( %&( $$ , ' !%&&1 7 " % ' " + " &( " & , ' !$ & 2 & !($! ' ($'$!-&$ '$ -.$! , '-$ '$ 456 )%!%-$'$! '!% $*' !$ )% '! #1 % *$!'%& !$1 & '$ , 77 &1 %71 !'- % ($+$7 )$(
! " " " #
1#!$ 32 &'$!) 7%' & 1!(2 $ !$#7'&1 +$*' ! 07'$!$( #&1 % ! '%' &%7 8--$'!* %#%& 7 )% 07'$! ' -%& 7 .$ (' , A )9$7 ! 2 $ -%1$ (%'% '$& ()7%8$( % & & 1#!$ 32! %&( 1#!$ 32@2
$ ) &$-$ %&& '%' & 07$ &*7#($ &, !-%' & ($&',8&1 '$ $&'$&*$ ,! - * ' % .$$& $9'!%*'$( %&( '$ !1&%7 '%!'&1 %&( $&(&1 ,!%-$2 & $& ()7%8&1 '$ &(+(#%7 $9%-)7$ % & 1#!$ 32 2 ' *%& .$ *7$%!78 $$& & 1#!$ 32A %&( 1#!$ 32! '%' ) &$-$ )!$$&' 1 +%!%.7'82 $ (%'% % .$$& & !-%7>$( %&( %77 '$ $9%-)7$ %!$ &2
@
Phoneme 3 0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05
1#!$ 32 )7%8&1 456 )%!%-$'$! , ) &$-$ **#!!&1 & '$ $&'$&*$ '%&" 8 # , ! 1+&1 -$ '$ ) $! ' ' #! '$ !7( " # , " 1 + - " )% " ' " ' " 7( 1#!$ 32 %77 '$ $9%-)7$ , () &$ & 2 $ 456 )%!%-$'$! %!$ ()7%8$( %,'$! & !-%7>%' & %&( !$%-)7&12 '$ !$#7' , )! *$&1 '$ (%'% .$, !$ '$ %*'#%7 *#!+$ 0''&1 -$' ( %))7$(2 ' *%& .$ $$& & 1#!$ 32@ '%' '$ 456 )%!%-$'$! %!$ ()$!$(/ $!$% '$ )%!%-$'$! & 1#!$ 32! * &*$&'!%'$ & !$7%'+$78 ('&*' !$1 & , )%*$2 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Phoneme 3 (LSP 1) Phoneme 3 (LSP 2)
0.08
Phoneme 3 (LSP 3)
0.3
0.35
0.25
0.3
0.2
0.25
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.15
0.2
0.1
0.15
0.05
0.1
0.03
0.02
0.01
0 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 0
1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.05 0
1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Phoneme 3 (LSP 5) Phoneme 3 (LSP 4)
Phoneme 3 (LSP 6)
0.55
0.45
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.55
0.45
0.35
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.45
0.25
0.35
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.35
0.25
0.15
0.1 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.2 0
1
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
Phoneme 3 (LSP 7)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.25 0
1
0.7
0.6
0.65
0.55
0.6
0.7
0.65
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.75
0.55
0.3
0.4
0.85
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.9
0.45
0.1
0.2
Phoneme 3 (LSP 9)
0.75
0.65
0.35 0
0.1
Phoneme 3 (LSP 8)
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.4 0
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.3
Phoneme 3 (LSP 10)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.55 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Phoneme 3 (LSP 11)
0.95
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Phoneme 3 (LSP 12)
0.98
1 0.99
0.96 0.9
0.98 0.94
0.85
0.97 0.96
0.92
0.95 0.9
0.8
0.94 0.93
0.88 0.75
0.92 0.86 0.91
1#!$ 32A )7%8&1 456 )%!%-$'$! , ) &$-$ )$$* * !)# 2 0.7 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.84 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.9 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
%77 0.5
0.6
$9%-)7$ & 0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Phoneme 3 (LSP 1)
Phoneme 3 (LSP 2)
Phoneme 3 (LSP 3)
Phoneme 3 (LSP 4)
Phoneme 3 (LSP 5)
Phoneme 3 (LSP 6)
Phoneme 3 (LSP 7)
Phoneme 3 (LSP 8)
Phoneme 3 (LSP 9)
Phoneme 3 (LSP 10)
Phoneme 3 (LSP 11)
Phoneme 3 (LSP 12)
1#!$ 32! )7%8&1 %#%& "$!&$7 &'$!) 7%' & !$#7' , ! 456 )%!%-; $'$! , ) &$-$ %77 $9%-)7$ & )$$* * !)# 2
Diphone E_n (LSP 1)
Diphone E_n (LSP 2) Diphone E_n (LSP 3)
0.06
0.14
0.05
0.12
0.04
0.1
0.03
0.08
0.02
0.06
0.2
0.01
0.04
0.18
0 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.02 0
1
0.1
0.2
0.3
Diphone E_n (LSP 4)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.16 0
1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Diphone E_n (LSP 6)
Diphone E_n (LSP 5)
0.5
0.34 0.4
0.32 0.38
0.45
0.3
0.28
0.36
0.26
0.4
0.34
0.24
0.32
0.22
0
0.2 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.35 0
1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Diphone E_n (LSP 8) Diphone E_n (LSP 7)
Diphone E_n (LSP 9)
0.75
0.7
0.9
0.7
0.65
0.85
0.65
0.6
0.8
0.55
0.6
0.5
0.55
0.7
0.45
0.5
0.65
0.4 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.45 0
0.75
0.1
0.2
0.3
Diphone E_n (LSP 10)
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.6 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Diphone E_n (LSP 11)
0.92
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Diphone E_n (LSP 12)
0.98
1
0.9
0.99 0.96
0.88
0.98
0.86 0.94
0.97
0.84 0.96 0.82
0.92 0.95
0.8 0.9
0.94
0.78 0.93
0.76 0.88
0.92
0.74
1#!$ 32 )7%8&1 456 )%!%-$'$! , () &$ & %77 $9%-)7$ & )$$* * !)# 2 0.72 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.86 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.91 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Diphone E_n (LSP 1)
Diphone E_n (LSP 2)
Diphone E_n (LSP 3)
Diphone E_n (LSP 4)
Diphone E_n (LSP 5)
Diphone E_n (LSP 6)
Diphone E_n (LSP 7)
Diphone E_n (LSP 8)
Diphone E_n (LSP 9)
Diphone E_n (LSP 10)
Diphone E_n (LSP 11)
Diphone E_n (LSP 12)
1#!$ 32@ )7%8&1 %#%& "$!&$7 &'$!) 7%' & !$#7' , ! 456 )%!%-; $'$! , () &$ & %77 $9%-)7$ & )$$* * !)# 2
%))$&(9 )!$$&' ($'%7$( &, !-%' & %. #' '$ , !-%' , 07$ & '$ )$$* * !)# %&( )! (#*$( .8 '$ 456 %&%782 $ )$$* 07$ , !-%' .' 7&$%! #&1&$( %-)7$ %' % !%'$ , >2
%.7$ &1 + *$( %7+$ 7%! $$! + *$7$ )%7%' ;%7+$ 7%! '!$%#!$ + *$( )%7%' ;%7+$ 7%! $%! + *$7$ 17 ''%7
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! 2 A 62 $!-$7'$&2 3!'*#7%' !8 - ($7 , ! '$ '#(8 , )$$* )! (#*; ' &2 / ! A @ / @ 2 AA !* #7&$ %&( !%&* 2 %!)$&'$!2 ) &$ 8&'$ #&1 % -#7')#7$ 46 '$*&:#$2 & / )%1$ A@ ! / (&.#!1/ 2 2/ 3#1#' 2 A ! !* #7&$ %&( !%&* 2 %!)$&'$!2 6'*;8&*! & # %+$, !)! *$&1 '$*&:#$ , ! '$9';' ;)$$* 8&'$ #&1 () &$2 / ! / A ! A @/ $*$-.$!
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%-.!(1$ &+$!'8 6!$/ $* &( $(' &/
2 !
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2 ! 2 2 8$ %&( & * 7% 7-$2 3 +$!%'7$ ,'%!$ )%!%77$7; , !-%&' )$$* 8&'$>$!2 5 $$%!* $) !' / &' 5)$$* !
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