Stage 1 Getting Started - home

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Stage 1 Getting Started Vocabulary and Pronunciation Part A. Try This. Listen and repeat. cannery quay hatchery bakery vineyard orchard apiary resort dockyard cemetery Say It Right • excursion • famous • divided • cemetery • sketching • European • American Part C. Active Listening. Listen to Mike telling his excursion in Bogor Botanic Garden. Fill in the blanks and answer the questions. An Excursion to Bogor Botanic Garden All right, everybody, I’ll tell you about this great place. On Friday 16 March we went to Bogor Botanic Garden. We went there by bus and we arrived at that famous garden at 10 o’clock. Arriving at the garden, we were divided into two groups. Group A followed Mrs. Nina and Group B followed Mr. Ahmad. I was in group A. Well, first we went to the odd tropical plants and Mrs. Nina read us some of the information. Then, we looked at all the lovely plants. After that, we went to a little spot near the Raffles cemetery and had morning tea. Next, we did some sketching and then we met group B at the information center to have our lunch. Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; Soon, it was time for us to go to the orchid section while Group B did some research on flowers. Uhm…A lady led us to the orchid section. Then, she explained about many kinds of orchid. Next, we had a look at the Indonesian orchid. Wow, we saw many kinds of Indonesian orchids. They were all beautiful. Later, we took a look at the American, European and Asian orchid’s section. It was interesting. Soon after we had finished our observations, we went back outside and met group B. Then, we got on the bus and returned to school. We really enjoyed the trip to Bogor Botanic Garden.

Get It Right Ways to say it: Greetings and leave-taking Look again at the text about ‘An excursion to Bogor Botanic Garden’. Pay attention to the first sentence (i.e. All right, everybody, I’ll tell you about this great place.) You can use this first sentence to open a conversation before you share your past experience to others. However, you can also use greeting to open a conversation and use leave-taking for closing. Formal Greeting • Good morning. • Good afternoon. • Good evening. • Good morning, sir. Informal greeting • Hi, Lizzy! • Morning, Jim! • Hello. Initial greetings • How are you? • How’s it going? • How are you doing? • How’s life? Responding to initial greetings • Very well, thank you and how are you? • I’m good/okay/alright. • Very well, thank you. • Oh, pretty good. • Not too bad, thanks. • Fine, thanks. • Excellent. Pre-closing Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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OK then… I’ve got to go now. So, I’ll see you next week. I think I’d better be going now. Well, it’s time for me to leave. I think it’s already late at night. I must be going home.

Closing/leave-taking • Good bye. • Bye-Bye; Bye; Bye now; See you. Take care. • See you later ---- Fine. • See you soon ----- OK. • See you tonight ----- All right. • Good night. Part A. Active Listening. Listen to the cassette and fill in the blanks. Act out this conversation. Situation 1

: Soraya meets Adam at the cafeteria.

Soraya : Hello, Adam. How are you getting on? Adam : Fine, thanks. How are you? Soraya : I’m very well. Thank you. Adam : Have you finished your lunch? Soraya : Yes, I have. I’d better be going, or I’ll be late at my office. Goodbye, Adam. Adam : Goodbye, Soraya. See you tomorrow. Situation 2

: In the banquet room was a group of well-dressed people chatting among themselves. Soraya approached one of them.

Soraya : Good morning. Do you know who Susan Brandy is? Adam : She’s over there. Soraya : Thank you. (Soraya went up to her). Hi, I am Soraya. How do you do? Susan : Hello, Soraya. This is Peter and Teddy. I’m sure you’ve heard of them. Soraya : How do you do, sir? Peter : Hello. My wife has told me a great deal about you. Soraya : Nothing too terrible I hope, sir. Peter : On the contrary. She has said only good things about you. Soraya : Thank you, sir. (She turns to Teddy). Good afternoon, sir. Teddy : Hello, Soraya. Soraya : It’s a pleasure to meet you, sir. Teddy : Thank you. You’re looking very well. Soraya : So are you, sir. I’m so sorry about what happened yesterday. Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; Teddy Soraya Teddy Soraya Teddy

: Thank you. Are you set up here to take care of all of us? : Oh, yes. I think we can make everyone comfortable. : That’s good. Sorry, but I would like to get freshened up. : Of course. It was pleased to meet you. : Well, good night.

Ways to say it: Expressing feelings Expressing happiness • Oh, I’m so happy. • I can’t say how pleased I am. • I had a splendid time there. • What a marvelous place I’ve ever seen. • It’s an outstanding adventure. • It’s an interesting experience. • It’s a sensational trip. • Great! • Exciting! • Fantastic! • Super! • Terrific! • Smashing! • Hey, that’s terrific/great! Expressing boredom • I think it was a boring holiday. • It sounds boring. • It’s totally/awfully boring. • I’m rather bored. • How boring! • I don’t think the trip was very interesting. • I’m fed up with it. • It’s totally boring. • The film was awfully boring. • How boring! • How unexciting! • I’m fed up with all your grumbling! • Dull. • Not interesting.

Expressing disappointment • That’s very disappointing. Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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I must say I’m really disappointed. It’s a great disappointment. That’s too bad. Oh no! That’s too bad That’s a real shame/pity. It’s a real shame. Bad luck!

Part D. Listen to the conversations. Then answer the following questions. Conversation 1 Man: Did you enjoy your weekend at the tea plantation ? Woman: Certainly, It’s a marvelous place I’ve ever seen Conversation 2 Woman: Frankly, darling, having holiday in a quiet island is boring to me. Man: Alright, alright. We’ll go home tomorrow. Conversation 3 Boy 1: Oh, it’s a shame. I was hoping we got a big fish. Boy 2: Never mind. We are fishing again tomorrow. Cheer up! Ways to say it: Asking if someone remembers or not Formal expressions • I wonder if you remember …. • You remember ...., don’t you? • You haven’t forgotten ...., have you? • Don’t you remember ....? • Do you happen to remember it now? Ways to respond • Let me think, yes, I remember. • I remember especially the scenery. • I’ll never forget that. • I’ll always remember. • I can remember it clearly. Informal expressions • Remember the old house we used to live in? Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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Remember that? I’m sorry, I don’t remember.

Ways to respond • Hold on. Yes, got it! • I know …. • It’s coming back to me now. Response if you forget • Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten. • I’m afraid I forget. • I really can’t remember. • I’m afraid I have no memory of him. • Err, let me think. No, it’s gone. • Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

Moving Forward Part A. First Challenge. Listen to Mike, talking about his experience about earthquake. Check the answers. Has everybody here heard of an earthquake? Do you know what it is like when it happens? Well, I once experienced it. Okay, I’ll tell you about my experience. Listen. I was driving along the coast road when the car suddenly lurched to one side. You know what happened? At first I thought a tire had gone flat but then I saw telegraph poles collapsing like matchsticks. It’s terrible, isn’t it? Next, guess what? The rocks came tumbling across the road and I had to get out of the car. When I got back to town, well as I said, there wasn’t much left. My God, that was a nightmare. Say It Right • earthquake • coast • collapsing • nightmare • experience • tyre • matchsticks • abandoned • tumbling • terrible

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RECOUNT TEXT What is Recount? 1. Definition of Recount Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative 2. Generic Structure of Recount 1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time 2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past 3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story 3. Language Feature of Recount • Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc • Using chronological connection; then, first, etc • Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc • Using action verb; look, go, change, etc • Using simple past tense 4. Examples and structures of the text Our trip to the Blue Mountain Orientation

On Friday we went to the Blue Mountains. We stayed at David and Della’s house. It has a big garden with lots of colourful flowers and a tennis court.

Events

On Saturday we saw the Three Sisters and went on the scenic railway. It was scary. Then, Mummy and I went shopping with Della. We went to some antique shops and I tried on some old hats. On Sunday we went on the Scenic Skyway and it rocked. We saw cockatoos having a shower.

Reorientation

In the afternoon we went home.

Example of Recount text A. Vacation to London Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; Mr. Richard’s family was on vacation. They are Mr. and Mrs. Richard with two sons. They went to London. They saw their travel agent and booked their tickets. They went to the British Embassy to get visas to enter Britain. They had booked fourteen days tour. This includes travel and accommodation. They also included tours around London They boarded a large Boeing flight. The flight was nearly fourteen hours. On the plane the cabin crews were very friendly. They gave them news paper and magazine to read. They gave them food and drink. There was a film for their entertainment. They had a very pleasant flight. They slept part of the way. On arrival at Heathrow Airport, they had to go to Customs and Immigration. The officers were pleasant. They checked the document carefully but their manners were very polite. Mr. Richard and his family collected their bags and went to London Welcome Desk. They arranged the transfer to a hotel. The hotel was a well-known four-star hotel. The room had perfect view of the park. The room had its own bathroom and toilet. Instead of keys for the room, they inserted a key-card to open the door. On the third floor, there was a restaurant serving Asian and European food. They had variety of food. The two week in London went by fast. At the end of the 14-day, they were quite tired but they felt very happy.

Small Notes Recount (Laporan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan masa lampau) Ciri Umum (a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks: Melaporkan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan dengan tujuan memberitakan atau menghibur. (b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure Orientation; Pengenalan, yaitu memberikan informasi tentang siapa, di mana dan kapan; Events; Rekaman peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan yang terjadi, yang biasanya disampaikan dalam urutan kronologis; Komentar pribadi dan/atau ungkapan penilaian; Reorientation; Pengenalan ulang yang merangkum rentetan peristiwa, kejadian atau kegiatan. (c) Ciri Kebahasaan: Menggunakan: •

nouns dan pronouns sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan atau benda yang terlibat, misalnya David, the monkey, we dsb.

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action verbs atau kata kerja tindakan, misalnya go, sleep, run dsb.

B. Between Recount and Narrative Something which happened in the past is the main • past tense, misalnya We went to the resource to compose both recount and narrative text. In zoo; She was happy dsb. writer's point of view, the thing is an experience. It can be • conjunctions dan time connectives what the writer has done, hear, read, and felt. Composing yang mengurutkan peristiwa, recount and narrative is retelling the experiences of the past kejadian atau kegiatan, misalnya and, but, then, after that, dsb. event to be a present event. What does recount differ from narrative? • adverbs dan adverb phrases untuk mengungkap tempat, waktu dan The easiest way to catch the difference is analyzing cara, misalnya yesterday, at my the generic structure. Recount text presents the past house, slowly dsb. experiences in order of time or place; what happened on • adjectives untuk menerangkan Sunday, then on Monday, the on Tuesday. In simple way, nouns, misalnya beautiful, funny, recount describes series of events in detail. It does not dsb. expose the struggle on how to make them happen. The event happened smoothly. On the other hand, narrative introduces crises and how to solve them. Narrative text always appear as a hard potrait of participant's past experience. It reveals the conflict among the participants. Cinderella's conflicts with her step mother and sister are the example. The conflict is the most important element in a narrative text. Narrative without comflicts is not narrative any more. Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; C. Visiting Bali There were so many places to see in Bali that my friend decided to join the tours to see as much as possible. My friend stayed in Kuta on arrival. He spent the first three days swimming and surfing on Kuta beach. He visited some tour agents and selected two tours. The first one was to Singaraja, the second was to Ubud. On the day of the tour, he was ready. My friend and his group drove on through mountains. Singaraja is a city of about 90 thousands people. It is a busy but quiet town. The street are lined with trees and there are many old Dutch houses. Then they returned very late in the evening to Kuta. The second tour to Ubud was a very different tour. It was not to see the scenery but to see the art and the craft of the island. The first stop was at Batubulan, a center of stone sculpture. There my friend watched young boys were carving away at big blocks of stone. The next stop was Celuk, a center for silversmiths and goldensmiths. After that he stopped a little while for lunch at Sukawati and on to mass. Mass is a tourist center My friend ten-day-stay ended very quickly beside his two tour, all his day was spent on the beach. He went sailing or surfboarding every day. He was quiet satisfied. D. My Horrible Experience Let me remind you my experience during an earthquake last week. When the earthquake happened, I was on my car. I was driving home from my vocation to Bali. Suddenly my car lunched to one side, to the left. I thought I got flat tire. I did not know that it was an earthquake. I knew it was an earthquake when I saw some telephone and electricity poles falling down to the ground, like matchsticks. Then I saw a lot of rocks tumbling across the road. I was trapped by the rock. Even I could not move my car at all. There were rocks everywhere. There was nothing I could do but left the car and walked along way to my house, in the town. When I reached my town, I was so surprised that there was almost nothing left. The earthquake made a lot of damage to my town. Although nothing was left, I thanked God that nobody was seriously injured. Generic Structure Analysis Orientation; introducing the participant, using first person point of view, I was on the car las week. Events; describing a series of event which happened. The car lunched to one side. Telephone and electricity poles was falling down, etc. Re-orientation; stating the writer's personal note. Thanking God because nobody was seriously injured. Language Feature Analysis • Using personal participant; I • Using chronological connectives; then, and, suddenly • Using linking verb; was, were • Using action verb; moved, left, walked, made, etc • Using simple past tense pattern; earthquake happened, I was on the car, my car lunched on one side, etc E. My Grandpa’s Funeral in Toraja Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; Last month my family and I went to Toraja to attend Grandpa’s funeral. It was my first time to go to such a ceremony. We gathered there with our kin in the ceremony. Overall, the ceremony was quite elaborate. It took about a week. Several days before the ceremony was done, grandpa’s body was kept in a series of houses arranged in a circular row around an open field called tongkonan. His corpse was dressed in a fi ne wearing. The funeral was performed in two phases. First, we slaughtered the pigs and buffaloes, and then moved the corpse to face north. In this ceremony we wore black clothes. After that, the corpse was placed in a sandal wood coffin. Then, it was brought out of the house and placed on an open platform beneath the granary. Meanwhile, my uncle, my brother, and I prepared the wooden puppet and a funeral tower called lakian. The next phase of the ceremony was held in this place. The coffin is borne from the house and placed in the lakian. During the day, there were also buffalo matches. They were great matches. In the night, we were feasting, chanting, and dancing. On the last day, the grandpa’s coffin were lowered from the funeral tower and brought up to the mountain side family graveyard. It was followed by great shouting and excitement from the relatives and the guests. Finally, we installed the wooden puppet on a high balcony where other puppets representing the members of a whole family were already there. The funeral ceremonies made my family and me tired. However, we were grateful because it ran smoothly. Questions 1. When did the writer attend the funeral? 2. How long did the writer and his family hold the ceremony? 3. What did they do to the corpse before the funeral was done? 4. What did they do after the corpse was placed in a sandal wood coffi n? 5. What did they do on the last day of the ceremony?

Notes: A recount text is a text that tells you a part of experience. A recount text has an orientation, a series of events in chronological order, personal remarks on the events and a reorientation that “rounds off” the sequence of events. In the text, you find words and phrases used to start, connect a sentence with the next one, and end your composition. Those words and phrases are: • First, • Then, • After that, • Finally,


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Small Notes Description (Deskripsi) Ciri Umum: (a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks: Mendeskripsikan ciri-ciri seseorang, benda atau tempat tertentu secara spesifik. (b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure

Identification; Identifikasi tentang topik yang akan dideskripsikan, Misalnya: I have many pets, but my favourite one is a cat. Description; berisi deskripsi tentang bagianbagiannya. Misalnya tampilan fisik (physical appearance), kualitas, perilaku umum, sifat-sifat (characteristic). (c) Ciri Kebahasaan: Menggunakan: • nouns tertentu, misalnya teacher, house,my cat, dsb. • simple present tense. • detailed noun phrase untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek, misalnya It was a large open rowboat, a sweet young lady, dsb. • berbagai macam adjectives, yang bersifat describing, numbering, classifying, misalnya, two strong legs, sharp white fangs, dsb. • relating verbs untuk memberikan informasi tentang subjek, misalnya, My mum is realy cool, It has very thick fur, dsb. • thinking verbs dan feeling verbs untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis tentang subjek, misalnya Police believe the suspect is armed, I think it is a clever animal, dsb.

Narrative Text What is Narrative? 1. Definition of Narrative Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or past events and entertain the readers. 2. Generic Structure of Narrative A narrative text consists of the following structure: 1. Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place 2. Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with 3. Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse 3. Language Features of Narrative • Using processes verbs • Using temporal conjunction • Using Simple Past Tense 4. Examples and structures of the text

• action verbs, misalnya Our new puppy bites our shoes, dsb. • abverbials untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang perilaku tersebut, misalnya fast, at the tree house, dsb. • bahasa figurative, seperti simile, metafor, misalnya John is white as chalk, sat tight,dsb


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; Snow White Orientation

Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.

Complication 1

One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.

Resolution 1

Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.

Complication 2

Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.

Resolution 2

Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.” Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, “If you wish, you may live here with us.” Snow White said, “Oh could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.

Example of Narative A. Queen of Arabia and Three Sheiks Maura, who like to be thought of as the most beautiful and powerful queen of Arabia, had many suitors. One by one she discarded them, until her list was reduced to just three sheiks. The three sheiks were all equally young and handsome. They were also rich and strong. It was very hard to decide who would be the best of them. One evening, Maura disguised herself and went to the camp of the three sheiks. As they were about to have dinner, Maura asked them for something to eat. The first gave her some left over food. The second Sheik gave her some unappetizing camel’s tail. The third sheik, who was called Hakim, offered her some of the most tender and tasty meat. After dinner, the disguised queen left the sheik’s camp. The following day, the queen invited the three sheiks to dinner at her palace. She ordered her servant to give each one exactly what they had given her the evening before. Hakim, who received a plate of delicious meat, refused to eat it if the other two sheiks could not share it with him. This Sheik Hakim’s act finally convinced Queen Maura that he was the man for her. “Without question, Hakim is the most generous of you” she announced her choice to the sheiks. “So it is Hakim I will marry”. Narrative Complication in Generic Structure


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; As it is said many times that, the heart of narrative text is the existence of the complication. It will drive the plot of the story to keep amusing. The existence of conflict inside the Queen Maura is what builds the story keep running. The psychological conflict inside Maura, which she strikes against herself, is arousing the reader’s Small Notes attention to continue reading the story. They want to Narrative (Naratif, dongeng) know what next will happen, who will be chosen by Ciri Umum: Queen Maura; in what way she will decide who the (a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks: best is. Keeping knowing them really entertaining as Menghibur pendengar atau pembaca (yang well increasing the moral value added. bertalian dengan pengalaman nyata, khayal atau peristiwa pelik yang mengarah ke suatu krisis, yang pada akhirnya menemukan suatu penyelesaian). (b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure •

Orientation; Pengenalan tokoh, waktu, dan tempat terjadinya peristiwa.

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Complication; Masalah, konflik dalam cerita.

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Resolution; Penyelesaian masalah.

Koda: perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita. (c) Ciri Kebahasaan: Menggunakan: •

• nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan benda tertentu dalam cerita, misalnya, stepsisters, housework, dsb. • adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase, misalnya, long black hair, two red apples, dsb. • time connectives dan conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian, misalnya then, before that, soon, dsb. • adverbs dan adverbial phrases untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa, misalnya here, in the mountain, happily ever after,dsb. • action verbs dalam past tense; stayed, climbed, dsb. • saying verbs yang menandai ucapan seperti: said, told, promised, dan thinking verbs yang menandai pikiran, persepsi atau perasaan tokoh dalam cerita, misalnya thought, understood, felt, dsb.

Orientation: the text introduces the Queen Maura and three sheiks in Arabia once time. Complication: Queen Maura finds out that it was very difficult to choose one as the best among them Resolution: finally Queen Maura has a convincing way to choose one and he is Sheik Hakim B. The Smartest Parrot Once upon time, a man had a wonderful parrot. There was no other parrot like it. The parrot could say every word, except one word. The parrot would not say the name of the place where it was born. The name of the place was Catano. The man felt excited having the smartest parrot but he could not understand why the parrot would not say Catano. The man tried to teach the bird to say Catano however the bird kept not saying the word. At the first, the man was very nice to the bird but then he got very angry. “You stupid bird!” pointed the man to the parrot. “Why can’t you say the word? Say Catano! Or I will kill you” the man said angrily. Although he tried hard to teach, the parrot would not say it. Then the man got so angry and shouted to the bird over and over; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”. The bird kept not to say the word of Catano. One day after he had been trying so many times to make the bird say Catano, the man really got very angry. He could not bear it. He picked the parrot and threw it into the chicken house. There were four old chickens for next dinner “You are as stupid as the chickens. Just stay with them” Said the man angrily. Then he continued to humble; “You know, I will cut the chicken for my meal. Next it will be your turn, I will eat you too, stupid parrot”. After that he left the

chicken house. Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; The next day, the man came back to the chicken house. He opened the door and was very surprised. He could not believe what he saw at the chicken house. There were three death chickens on the floor. At the moment, the parrot was standing proudly and screaming at the last old chicken; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”. Analysis the Generic Structure Orientation: It sets the scene and introduces the participants/characters. In that parrot story, the first paragraph is the orientation where reader finds time and place set up and also the participant as the background of the story. A man and his parrot took place once time. Complication: It explores the conflict in the story. It will show the crisis, rising crisis and climax of the story. In the parrot story, paragraph 2, 3, 4 are describing the complication. Readers will find that the man face a problem of why the parrot can not say Catano. To fix this problem, the man attempted to teach the bird. How hard he tried to teach the bird is the excitement element of the complication. Resolution: It shows the situation which the problems have been resolved. It must be our note that “resolved” means accomplished whether succeed or fail. In the last paragraph of the smartest parrot story, readers see the problem is finished. The parrot could talk the word which the man wanted. The parrot said the word with higher degree than the man taught the word to it. That was the smartest parrot. C. The Legend of Toba Lake Once upon time, there was a handsome man. His name was Batara Guru Sahala. He liked fishing. One day, he caught a fish. He was surprised to find out that the fish could talk. The fish begged him to set it free. Batara Guru could not bear it. He made the fish free. As soon as it was free, the fish changed into a very beautiful woman. She attracted Batara Guru so much. He felt in love with that fish-woman. The woman wanted to marry with him and said that Batara Guru had to keep the secret which she had been a fish. Batara Guru aggreed and promised that he would never tell anybody about it. They were married happily. They had two daughters. One day Batara Guru got very angry with his daughter. He could not control his mad. He shouted angrily and got the word of fish to his daugters. The daughters were crying. They found their mother and talked her about it. The mother was very annoyed. Batara Guru broke his promise. The mother was shouting angrily. Then the earth began to shake. Volcanoes started to erupt. The earth formed a very big hole. People believed that the big hole became a lake. Then this lake is known as Toba Lake. D. Cinderella 1 Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step mother and two step sisters. The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempered. They treated Cinderella very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do the hardest works in the house; such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan and preparing the food for the family. The two


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; step sisters, on the other hand, did not work about the house. Their mother gave them many handsome dresses to wear. One day, the two step sister received an invitation to the ball that the king’s son was going to give at the palace. They were excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would wear. At last, the day of the ball came, and away went the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after they had left. “Why are crying, Cinderella?” a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy godmother standing beside her, “because I want so much to go to the ball” said Cinderella. “Well” said the godmother,”you’ve been such a cheerful, hardworking, uncomplaining girl that I am going to see that you do go to the ball”. Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a coachman and two footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderella’s raged dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass slippers. “Now, Cinderella”, she said; “You must leave before midnight”. Then away she drove in her beautiful coach. Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again and again with the king’s son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as quickly as she could. In her hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind. A few days later, the king’ son proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the glass slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the king’s page let Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted perfectly. Finally, she was driven to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again. They were married and live happily ever after. Notes on Generic Structure Orientation: They were Cinderella her self as the main character of the story, her step mother which treated Cinderella badly, and her steps sister which supported her mother to make Cinderella was treated very badly. Cinderella was introduced as a hero in this story. She struggled against the bad treatment from her step mother and sisters. Complication: In this Cinderella story, we can see clearly that there are Major Complication and Minor Complication. The second paragraph is the major complication of this Cinderella story. Cinderella got bad treatment from her stepmother. It is the bad crisis which drives into several minor complications which Cinderella has to overcome. Resolution: Like complication, there are Major Resolution and Minor Resolution. In the last paragraph, it is said that finally Cinderella lived happily. It is the happy resolution of the bad treatment. E. The Smartest Animal. Once there was a farmer from Laos. Every morning and every evening, he ploughed his field with his buffalo. One day, a tiger saw the farmer and his buffalo working in the field. The tiger was very surprised to see a big animal listening to a small animal. The tiger wanted to know more about the big animal and the small animal. Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; After the man went home, the tiger spoke to the buffalo; “you are so big and strong. Why do you do everything the man tells you?” The buffalo answered; “oh, the man is very intelligent”. The tiger asked; “can you tell me how intelligent he is?”. “No, I can’t tell you”, said the buffalo; “but you can ask him” So the next day the tiger asked to the man; “Can I see your intelligence?”. But the man answered; “it at home”. “Can you go and get it?” asked the tiger. “Yes” said the man; “but I am afraid you will kill my buffalo when I am gone. Can I tie you to a tree?” After the man tied the tiger to the tree, he didn’t go home to get his intelligence. He took his plough and hit the tiger. Then he said; “Now you know about my intelligence even you haven’t seen it. Generic Structure Analysis 1. Orientation; introducing specific participants; farmer and his buffalo, once in Laos 2. Complication; revealing a series of crisis: the tiger wanted to know more about the farmer and the buffalo, the tiger wanted to know about the farmer’s intelligence. 3. Resolution; the crisis is resolve: the farmer hit the tiger Language Feature Analysis • Using saying verb; answered • Using thinking verb; saw, was surprised to • Using action verb; tie, hit • Using time conjunction; once, one day • Using connectives; after, the next day • Using past tense; there was a farmer, the man tied the tiger.


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PROCEDURE TEXT What is Procedure? 1. Definition of Procedure Procedure is a text that shows a process in order. Its social function is to describe how something is completely done through a sequence of series 2. Generic Structure of Procedure 1. Goal: showing the purpose 2. Material: Telling the needed materials 3. Step 1-end: Describing the steps to achieve the purpose 3. Language Feature of Procedure  Using temporal conjunction  Using action verb  Using imperative sentence  Using Simple Present Tense 4. Examples and structures of the text Tujuan (Goal) Bahan (Material)

Langkahlangkah (Step)

How to Make a Cheese Omelet Ingredients 1 egg, 50 g cheese, ¼ cup milk, 3 tablespoons cooking oil, a pinch of salt and pepper Utensils Frying pan, fork, spatula, cheese grater, bowl, plate Method 1. Crack an egg into a bowl 2. Whisk the egg with a fork until it is smooth 3. Add milk and whisk well 4. Grate the cheese into the bowl and stir 5. Heat the oil in a frying pan 6. Pour the mixture into the frying pan 7. Turn the omelet with a spatula when it browns 8. Cook both sides 9. Place on a plate; season with salt and pepper 10. Eat while warm.

Example of Procedure Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; A. Planting Chilies Planting is a nice activity in our spare time. The following is guided information on how to plant a chili-plant easily. Here are the steps. Firstly, dry a handful seeding under the sunlight Secondly, put the seeding on the soil. It should be in open area Small Notes Next, wait it. There will come out the sprout after that let Procedure (Prosedur) it be bigger. Finally, put it in another big pot. It will soon grow bigger Ciri Umum: (a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks: and bigger and yield us some fresh chilies soon. Generic Structure Analysis • Goal; informing on how to plant chillies. • Material; excluded • Steps; showing the steps or method in planting chillies; from drying seed to putting the sprout in big pot. • Language Feature Analysis Imperative sentences; dry a handful seeding, put it, etc • Action verb; put, dry, etc • Temporal conjunction; next, finally, firstly, secondly • Simple present tense pattern; planting is a nice activity, the following is a guided information

Memberi petunjuk tentang cara melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian tindakan atau langkah. (b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure Aim/Goal; Tujuan kegiatan Materials; Bahan-bahan

Note: Materials are not required for all Procedure text Steps; Langkah-langkah. (c) Ciri Kebahasaan: Menggunakan: • pola kalimat imperative, misalnya, Cut, Don’t mix, dsb.

B. Writing For Business • action verbs, misalnya turn, Writing something for your business can be pretty put, don’t, mix, dsb. intimidating. Well, you don't have to. • connectives untuk Here's a simple checklist to follow. I'm not saying that mengurutkan kegiatan, following these rules will make your company the next misalnya then, while, dsb. Google, but it will help. • adverbials untuk menyatakan rinci waktu, Firstly, take the topic of benefits, not features. Your tempat, cara yang akurat, customers don't care about you. They want to know "What's in misalnya for five minutes, 2 it for me?" centimetres from the top, Secondly, write your benefit like you talk it. Use regular words. Read aloud what you've written. How does it sound? Thirdly, lose the weak words. Don't describe how your company may, might or should help customers but talk about how your company will. Fourthly, Use a nice rhythm. Some sentences are long and some are short. Mix them up and keep things interesting. Fifthly,re-read what you've done before publishing. Edit it necesarily. It's so easy to make mistakes which you don't notice the first time through. Simplified from: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Daniel_F_O'connor

Generic Structure Analysis • Goal; informing on how to write for business Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; Material; excluded Steps/ method; showing the method in writing for business; choosing the advantageous topic, writing the topic like the way it is talked, rereading what have been written . Language Feature Analysis • Imperative sentences; write like you talked, re-read what you have done, etc • Action verb; write, read, etc • Temporal conjunction, firstly, secondly, etc • •

C. How to Make a Cheese Omelet Well, to make a cheese omelet, you need an egg, fifty gram cheese, a quarter cup of milk, three tablespoons cookin oil, a pinch of satlt and pepper. Next, you need some tools, such as; frying pan, fork, spatula, cheese grater, bowl and plate.


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Expressing gratitude: • Thank you. • Thanks. • Thank you very much. • Many thanks. • Thanks a lot. • I thank you. • I’m very much obliged to you. • Thank you for your kindness. • Thanks for everything. • Thanks for your help. Showing gratitude when refusing: • Thanks anyway. • No, thank you. • No, thanks.

Part B. Try This. Read and listen to these conversations carefully. Pay attention to their intonation. Then, underline the expressions of showing gratitude Conversation l A B A B A

: Hello, John Smith speaking. : Hello. This is Helen Jones. May I speak to your sister? : She just stepped out. I think she’s next door. I can call her if you like. : No, thank you. I’ll phone again later. Good-bye. : Good-bye

Questions Where are they? Are they at the same place? How do they get in touch?


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; Conversation 2 A B A B

: Excuse me, but can you tell me how to get to the museum? : I’m afraid I don’t know, I’m new here myself. : I see. Thanks anyway. : Sorry I can’t help you.

Questions Where are the speakers? Do they know each others very well? How do you know? Conversation 3 A B A B A B A B A B

: Would you like a little more tea? : Yes, please. : Please have another piece of cake. : Thank you. Uhm, Jane, I heard you were ill so I brought you some fruit. : Thanks, Bill. : You’re welcome. By the way, this is for you, Mary. : For me? Really? Thank you, Bill. Oh, a book! How nice of you! Thanks a lot. : Don’t mention it, Mary. I’m very glad you like it. : Well, how about another piece of cake? : No, thanks. It’s delicious, but I’ve had plenty.

Questions: Where are they? Do they know each other well?

Conversation 4 A B A B A

: Oops! Sorry. : It’s okay. Oh, your books are wet. : It doesn’t matter. It’s my fault. : Here. I’ll wipe your books with my handkerchief. : No, thank you. It’s not necessary. Don’t worry about it.

Question What do the last sentences mean? Conversation 5 A B

: I’m going to the post office. Would you like me to post that letter for you? : I’ll go to the post office myself a little later, so I’ll take it. Thanks anyway.


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Question What do the last sentences mean? Conversation 6 A B A B A B

: Hi, Mary, are you busy tonight? : No. Why? : Well, I’m giving a farewell party for Tom. Can you come? : Yes, I’d love to. What time is it going to be? : At seven o’clock tonight. : All right. I won’t miss it. Thank you.

NARATIVE TEXT Long time ago, there was no day. It was always dark and always summer. This was because the Kachina, a very powerful people had stolen the Sun and the Moon and locked them away in a box. In the light, Coyote and Eagle, two friends wandered the desert. Coyote and Eagle had always hunted together, but Coyote could not hunt anymore because he could not see at night. Coyote suggested that they go to find the Sun and the Moon and make them light up the world. Eagle was worried. He reminded Coyote that the Sun and the Moon were very strong and it was dangerous to try to trick them. In the end, Eagle agreed to help Coyote. While the Kachina were sleeping, Coyote and Eagle crept into their village, stole the Sun and the Moon, and headed into the hills. Coyote told Eagle that he wanted to open the box containing the Sun and the Moon. Eagle said, “No.” They must wait until their travels and open it with their eyes closed. Coyote grumbled. He couldn’t wait to see what was in the box. Finally, he grew so curious that he threw it open. The light of the Sun was so bright that it blinded Coyote’s eyes. The Sun and the Moon laughed and flew far away, up into the sky where they are today.


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; The Fly and the Bull There was once a little fly who thought he was very important. He felt proud of himself. One sunny morning, he flew around looking for someone to talk to. He saw a bull grazing in a field. He decided to fly down to talk to him. The little fly flew down and buzzed around the bull’s head. The bull did not bother him. He went on chewing grass. The fly then buzzed right inside the bull’s ear. The bull continued chewing grass. The fly thought, “What a stupid animal!” Now, the fly decided to land on the bull’s horns to make the bull notice him. He waited for the bull to say something but the bull kept quiet. The fly then shouted angrily, “Oh, Bull, if you find that I am too heavy for you, let me know and I’ll fly away!”. The bull laughed and said, “Little fly, I don’t care if you stay or leave. You are so tiny and that your weight does not make any difference to me, so please be quiet and leave me alone. ” Part C. Second Challenge. Does a fable always talk about animals? Listen to Mike, telling the story of ‘the Silver Key’. While listening, fill in the blank spaces with the words you hear. The Silver Key There was a traveler going to a distant town. When he reached the town it was almost midnight. He came to an inn but it locked from the inside. He knocked at the door. “Who are you?” asked a voice from inside the inn. “What do you want? The door cannot be unlocked at such an odd hour”. The traveler needed rest, food and shelter. He said, “Please, innkeeper, unlock the door. See, how cold outside!” “It’s a strange lock and can be opened only with a silver key,” replied the innkeeper. The traveler passed a silver coin through a slit in the door, got the door unlocked and entered into the inn. “I have left one of my two bags outside,” said the traveler. “Will you please bring it in?” No sooner had the innkeeper gone out than traveler locked the door from inside. The greedy innkeeper was now shut out. He requested the traveler to unlock the door. “I’m helpless,” replied the traveler. “It’s a strange lock. It can be opened only with a silver key. The innkeeper was obliged to push through the slit a silver coin. The traveler got back his rupee and unlocked the door.


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7. Description Text What is Descriptive Text? 1. The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing. 2. The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text Descriptive text has structure as below: • Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described. • Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics. 3. The Language Feature of Descriptive Text • Using attributive and identifying process. • Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group. • Using simple present tense 4. Examples and structures of the text

Identification Description

MacQuarie University Macquarie University is one of the largest universities in Australia. This year, in 2004, it celebrates its 40th anniversary. The university is located at the North Ryde Greenbelt, Sydney, where the New South Wales government sets aside 135 hectares for the institution. In 1964, Macquarie area was a rural retreat on the city fringe, but today the campus and its surroundings have evolved beyond recognition. The North Ryde District has grown into a district of intensive occupation anchored by a vibrant and growing university. Blessed with a fortunate location and room to breathe, Macquarie can be proud of that careful planning that retains and enrich the university’s most attractive natural features. A pleasing balance between buildings and plating is evident across the campus. This emphasis on the importance of landscape has created images of Macquarie as a place that members of the university are most likely to pleasurably recollect. One of the highlights of the landscape is the Mars Creek zone. It comprises landscaped creek sides and valley floor, a grass amphitheatre, and artificial lake… surrounded by rocks and pebbles, native plants and eucalypts. Today, a railway station is under construction. In three years1 time, Macquarie will be the only university in Australia with a railway station


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; on site. Macquarie is poised to be the most readily accessible in Sydney region by rail and motorway, yet retaining its beautiful site. Example of Description A. My Friend's New Shoes I have a close Friend. She is beautiful, attractive and trendy. She always want to be a trend setter of the day. She always pays much attention on her appearance. Recently, she bought a new stylist foot legs from blowfish shoes products. This shoes really matches on her. Her new blowfish women's shoes are wonderful. When she are walking on that shoes, all her friends, including me watch and admire that she has the most suitable shoes on her physical appearance. The style, bright color, and brand represent her as a smart woman of the day. She really have perfect appearance. She is really mad on that shoes. She said that the products covered all genders. The blowfish men's shoes are as elegant as she has. The products provide varieties of choice. Ballet, casual, boot athletic shoes are designed in attractive way. The products are international trader mark and become the hottest trend. B. Borobudur Temple Borobudur is Hindu - Budhist temple. It was build in the nineth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at Angkor, Cambodia. Borobudur temple which is rededicated as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people. Generic Structure Analysis • Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described in general; Borobudur temple • Description; describing the Borobudur temple in parts; eight terraces of Borobudur temple and its characteristics Language Feature Analysis • Using adjective and classifiers; valuable • Using simple present tense; Borobudur is well-known,The temple is constructed, etc


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8. News Item Text What is News Item? 1. Definition of News Item News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important. 2. Generic Structure of News Item 1. Main event 2. Elaboration (background, participant, time, place) 3. Resource of information 3. Language Feature of News Item 1. Focusing on circumstances 2. Using material process 4. Examples and structures of the text Town ‘Contaminated Newsworthy events

Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.

Background Events

Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock. The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.

Sumber Informasi Sources

A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy.


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Small Notes News Item (Berita) Ciri Umum: (a) Tujuan Komunikatif Teks: Memberitakan kepada pembaca, pendengar atau penonton tentang peristiwa-peristiwa atau kejadian-kejadian yang dipandang penting atau layak diberitakan. (b) Struktur Teks/Generic structure Newsworthy events; Kejadian inti. Background Events; Latar belakang kejadian, orang yang terlibat, tempat kejadian dsb. Sources; komentar saksi kejadian, pendapat para ahli, dsb. (c) Ciri Kebahasaan: • Informasi singkat tertuang dalam headline • Menggunakan action verbs • Menggunakan saying verbs, misalnya say, tell, dsb.

Example of Procedure A. Malaysian Women Suggested to Carry Condoms Malaysian Deputy Health Ministry urged every woman to carry a condom to protect against HIV, a news report said. “This is not to debate them but to protect them. Women are the first ones to get exploited by their partners (whom are infected by HIV-positive)” Abdul Latiff Ahmad was quoted as saying by Sunday Star Newspaper. “But this just a suggestion, it’s up to them”. Abdul latiff made remark to coincide with the International Aids Memorial day, which was celebrated openly for the first time in Malaysia, in bid to reduce stigma for HIV-victim. In the past the event was held behind closed door. Last year, 745 Malaysian women were identified as HIVpositive and 193 were diagnosed with AIDS, he said in the report. Officials have said nearly 81000 Malaysian have been infected with HIV, less then 10 percent are woman, but the number is steadily rising. Malaysian Aids Council president, Adeebah Kamarulzaman, was quoted as saying besides sex workers, many women who contract HIV are housewives, were infected unknowingly by their husbands. “It’s not that people don’t know that condoms can protect them. But there are some men who don’t care to take precaution, even though they know they have HIV” she said.

• Menggunakan kata keterangan, misalnya badly injured, the most beautiful bride in the world, dsb.

(Source The Jakarta Post, June 01, 2008)

Generic Structure Analysis News worthy event: Malaysian women is urged to carry condoms to protect HIV. Background event 1: International Memorial Day was held openly in Malaysia to reduce stigma for HIV victims. Background event 2: The number of Malaysian women who are infected with HIV is steadily rising. Source: Malaysian Aids Council president said that there were some men who did not care to take precaution even though they knew they had HIV

B. Indonesian Maid in HK Court after Having Sex A 45-year old Indonesian maid admitted having sex with her Hong Kong employer’s 14-year old son after watching internet porn together. The maid is a divorcee and a mother of two children. The maid, named Suwartin, had worked with the boy family for 11 years. A court heard how the maid had sex with the boy in relationship that lasted five months. The boy tried to end the affair but she refused. The teenager eventually confessed to the relationship to the leader of Christian group he belonged to. Then the maid was arrested. She pleaded guilty to five charges of committing an indecent act with underage partner. She will be sentenced in two week’s time. Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; She later apologized and said that she would live with the shame of what she had done for the rest of life. “She had acted out of loneliness” the maid’s lawyer said. (Adapted from Reuters, Hong Kong, May 6, 2008)

Generic Structure Analysis News worthy event: Indonesian maid court and admitted having sex with her young employer Background event: The maid is a divorcee. She had worked in the boy family for 11 years. She had relationship the boy for five months. She apologized and felt guilty Source: The maid lawyer said that the maid had acted out of loneliness C. Indonesian Maid beheaded An Indonesian housemaid has been executed in Saudi Arabia after being convicted of killing her employer, the Saudi Interior Minister said. The woman was beheaded in the Southern Asir province in what was the second execution in the country. The maid was earlier found of suffocating her female boss and stealing her jewellery. Rape, murder and other serious crimes can carry the death penalty in the conservative desert kingdom. Last year, Saudi Arabia, which follow a strict intepretation of Syaria, Islamic law executed more than 130 people. (Taken from: www.news.bbc.co.id)

Generic Structure Analysis Main event; an Indonesian maid was beheaded in Saudi Arabia. Background 1; the maid was found guilty of suffocating her bos. Background 2; serious crimes can carry death penalty in Saudi Arabia. Background 3; Saudi Arabia executed more than 130 people last year. Resource; the Saudi Interior Minister statement. Language Feature Analysis Focussing circumtances; law of serious crimes. Using material process; behead, execute, carry, etc


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LETTER Dearest Mom, Mom, I couldn’t wait myself to tell you about my new girl friend. Last month I met a girl in my college. Her name is Elizabeth. I call her Lizzy for short. She comes from Jakarta but she lives in Semarang with her aunt. Lizzy is a slim girl of average height. Her short wavy jetblack hair makes her look young and fresh. She is a charming and gentle girl and has a pleasant manner. I like her because she understands me very much and she is always ready to hear my opinion. Mom, when are you going to Semarang again ? When you do, I will introduce Lizzy to you, Mom. I’m sure you’ll like her very much. So, I’m expecting to see you soon. Bye Mom! Love, George Moving Forward Part B. First Challenge. Listen to the following text. Then, answer the questions. LUCY : Hello … Yustita! TITA: (Lucy’s voice surprised me. Why? She never comes so early like this morning. She usually comes a few minutes before the bell rings.) Hi! What is wrong? You don’t look yourself today. Why did you come so early today? LUCY: My father gave me a lift. By the way, have you heard anything about Elsa? TITA: What is the matter with her? LUCY: Haven’t you heard? Everyone at school has. TITA: What is it? Would you tell me, please?


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; LUCY: OK. She is falling in love with Iwan. Don’t you know? She is your classmate, isn’t she? TITA: You are kidding! I can’t believe it is true. As far as I know, she is a calm girl. But… how about Iwan’s response? LUCY: ”Wow …. I don’t know. Please ask yourself. Iwan and you belong to the same volleyball club, don’t you? But I think he pays no special attention to her. Since …. he loves somebody else. TITA: Who is she? LUCY: Well….you’d better ask him yourself. The bell will be ringing soon. TITA: (Lucy is not my classmate. She is in the IPA (science) department while I am in the language department. The break finally ended. One by one, my friends entered the classroom. It was very noisy in the classroom. The teacher was absent and there was no special assignment.) ELSA: Tita …. Are you going to play volleyball this afternoon? TITA: Yes, what can I do for you? ELSA: I want to give this letter to Iwan. Will you help me give it to him? TITA: Yes I will. Believe me. I am as good as Mr. Postman.

ELSA: Thanks a lot for your help. TITA: No problem. (In the afternoon, I met Iwan in the volleyball court. He was smiling when I approached him) Iwan …. IWAN: Yes? What’s wrong? Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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TITA: Here is a letter for you. IWAN: Who is it from? TITA: Please read it yourself. IWAN: Well, is it from your close friend? TITA: Right. (Iwan was smiling when he looked at me. I was a bit annoyed by his smile. A week had passed when Elsa came to me and asked about her letter.) ELSA: How about the letter? I wondered why he hasn’t answered it yet. TITA: I’m afraid I don’t know. I haven’t met him for a week. But I promise that I will ask about it as soon as I meet him. ELSA: Don’t forget it, Tita. TITA: (One evening Iwan dropped by my house to return a book which he borrowed a few days before.) Iwan, have you answered Elsa’s letter I gave you a few days ago? IWAN: Sorry, … I have had no time to write it. I’d rather say …. I don’t love her, but I do love someone else. TITA: May I know who? IWAN: Well, you will know everything soon. Sorry, …. I must be off now. Give my best regards to your parents. See you tomorrow. TITA: Yes, I will. See you. (When I was studying that evening, I found a letter in the book which Iwan returned. I was really surprised when I read it …. Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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IWAN: Dear Yustita Indriani, Thanks a lot of your kindness. But I am very sorry to let you know that I do not love your friend. If you really want to know the girl who I like best, her name is YUSTITA INDRIANI, the one who is reading this letter now. Yes, Tita, I do love you. I have wanted to say it to you directly, but you never gave me a chance to do so. Well, I’m waiting for your answer, dear. With love, Iwan Pradita TITA: (Oh, my God! What must I do? Do I like him? Maybe, but how about Elsa? She is my classmate and my good friend. It hurts to know this. Oh, no…. I will not do it. And tomorrow I will tell him. I must find time to say it. Iwan….I don’t mean to hurt you. I can’t love you. Please don’t hate me. Let’s be friends till the end of time, but don’t love me.I can’t do that, you know. Oh God, help me explain it to him. I really don’t know what I will do if I meet Elsa tomorrow.)


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NARATIVE TEXT

The Legend Of Sedna Once upon a time, before the white men and all others, the Inuit hunted the land and fished the land. In this time, was a great hunter, whose wife had died long ago leaving a girl child. The hunter would raise the child himself. The child grew to become a very beautiful woman with many suitors seeking her hand. The hunter was proud for his daughter, she could sew good clothing and in all the land none was so pretty . Finally the hunter had decided who who would marry his daughter, with pride he called his daughter to his side and said, "Daughter I have chosen your husband, it will be this man". The daughter disagreed and would not take the man selected, the great hunter felt shamed and in anger, the great hunter said " You have shamed me, since you will not accept a man, then you will have my dog, for that is all that is fit for a girl child who dishonors her father". During that night, the hunter's dog came in and visited the daughter, on this night he took her as his wife. When the great hunter realized what had occurred, once again he was shamed and cried out "Daughter, you are with the child of my dog and shame me again, you will be placed in isolation as you deserve no better". With that the great hunter took his daughter and isolated his daughter so no others would be shamed by her. But the dog husband loved the daughter for she was gentle and kind and so to save his love and the mother of his litter, Dog would swim out to the island, his packs laden with food and skins. And lo and behold, the daughter survived and gave birth to a little, some human and some dog children. The great hunter finding out about this perceived atrocity was enraged, unknowingly to Dog, the hunter filled the packs with heavy stones and so the Dog swam out with supplies. But the pack was too heavy and the seas too rough, Dog sank to the bottom and drowned. Several days later, the great hunter feeling remorse for his only child, set out in his kayak laden with food to make amends, but was driven back, when in her grief the daughter sent her dog children to attack their grandfather. Fearing reprisals from her father, the daughter in efforts to save her children, placed her dog children in a sea skin boot and set them adrift upon the seas praying to the gods of air to see them safe. And so they were, they floated out to sea and became the ancestors of the white men. With her remaining boot, the daughter placed her human children inside, and once again prayed to the gods, and set them adrift. The human children floated away to become the ancestors to the Indians. Now the daughter was alone and without food for the great hunter was fearful to return with supplies. Each day before hunting he would look across the sea and his daughter but never would he venture out to her again. The one day as he glanced out, his daughter was no longer there, she had disappeared. For during his hunt, a handsome man in a kayak appeared and seeing the beautiful daughter, stopped. "Come with me, daughter, for I am a great hunter and will provide you with food and home" said the handsome man. And so the daughter went. En route to her new far off home, they stopped along the way, and the handsome man removed his clothing for the sun was high and kayaking is hard work. The girl burst out into tears, for now standing before her was not a handsome man but but a northern fulmar (Bird man) in human form. His eyes black, his muscles bulging. Without the need for human clothing, the fulmar now made


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; good speed and soon he and the daughter were at his nest tent. Time went by and true to his word, the fulmar provided food and warmth to the daughter and she did not want for anything. Together they had a child. The Father had continued his search for his daughter feeling remorse at how pride had made him treat his only child and after many years of travel he once again found his daughter in the land of the Fulmar. The father arrived when the fulmar was away and seeing his daughter he burst into tears "Forgive me daughter, I have come to take you home". With those words, the father scooped up his daughter and with his kayak began making his way home. The fulmar returned and seeing his wife gone, set out to rescue her, and in his bird form was able to catch up and try to regain his wife. His wings beat down upon the water as he swooped trying to make the father turn back. The waves grew bigger and almost capsized the kayak, the father in fear of dying, threw his daughter overboard so he could get away, but she held upon the kayak by her fingers. The hunter in abject terror now took his knife and with one blow chopped off a finger, it fell into the sea and behold, it became a seal and swam away. The hunter chopped another finger, and it too became a walrus. The hunter chopped a third finger, and it became the bearded seal. With each finger being chopped, so the sea mammals were made. Finally, not being able to grasp the kayak, the daughter sank to the bottom of the seas. As she sank, the Moon Spirit (Tatqeq) and The Air Spirit (Sila) combined together and said "For your hardship, we give you the power of all so that you will become the guardian for the Inuit". With that, Sedna was born and created a kingdom which lies at the bottom of the sea and was once again reunited with her Dog husband. The father made good his escape, but memories of his daughter gave him great remorse so that one day, he lay down at the edge of the sea and asked his daughter to forgive him. As he slept, the tide came out and reunited him with his daughter. Together all dwell at the bottom of the sea. Now when the Inuit transgress against other Inuit or the land, Sedna will make the sea mammals scarce and cause the seas and the air to storm, displaying her anger to her people. It is then that the shaman must travel down to the kingdom and discover the roots of the problems then solve and rectify them with the people. Only then will Sedna be placated and calm the weather and release the mammals so the Inuit do not suffer starvation. In some cases, the shaman can enter a trance like state to visit with Sedna or can be given the ability to breath underwater. Sedna keeps a comb and when shamans visit, it is expected that they comb her hair from algae for she can not hold the comb herself.

The Legend of Minos, King of Crete Once upon a time there lived a very famous king, named the King of Crete. He had a stepson which was half bull and half man. He ordered Daedalus, a craftsman from Athens, to build a labyrinth in order to house the monster. When Daedalus finished his work, he wanted to leave Crete. But the king would not let him go. Daedalus finally escaped through the air by using wings fixed to his body with wax. He also made wings for his son, Icarus and made him fly behind himself. But the son was so glad and excited that he soon went too high. As he flew nearer to the sun, it got warmer and warmer until at last the wax melted and his body fell down into the sea near Troy. The sea is now called the Icarian Sea. Say It Right • strange • fighting Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; • • • • • • • •

monster myth Greek prince killed half bull half man Athens

Get It Right Ways to say it: Asking for and showing attention When you tell a story, you can use questions to attract your listeners’ attention. Whereas when you listen to a story, you can use several expressions to show that you are paying attention to what is being talked about. Asking for attention • Excuse me, I wonder if I could trouble you …. • May I have your attention, please? • Excuse me, …. • Sorry to trouble you. • Sorry to bother you. • Look at me! • Look what I’ve got here. • Look here. • Look! • Hey! • Attention, please! • Excuse me! Showing attention • I see. • Oh, yes. • Mmm... • A ha... • How interesting! • I know what you mean. • Oh, oh! • Well, well, well…

-

Tell me more about it. Really? Oh, my God! What happens next? And then what? What’s next? Is that all? Indeed? Oh, no!

Ways to say it: Inviting someone


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; Offering an invitation: • I’d like you to come to dinner. • I’d like to ask you to come swimming. • Would you like to go to the theater with me on Saturday night? • How about going to the football match with me tomorrow afternoon?

Accepting an invitation: • Thank you, I’d be glad to go. • Yes, thank you. I’d be happy to go. • Thank you so much for inviting me. • Let’s meet at the school canteen. • Yes, I’d love to. • Sure. • Great. • All right. Declining an invitation • I’m so sorry, I’ll be very busy tomorrow night. • I’m afraid that’s not too good fro me, what about after lunch? Part D. Enjoy This. Listen to the following conversation and fill in the blanks. Then, complete the sentences in the following page. The Good Fairy is going to visit Geppetto for Pinocchio’s birthday. She phones Geppetto to see if they can meet. Geppeto : Hello, Geppetto’s apeaking. The Good Fairy : Hello, Geppetto, this is The Good Fairy from Fun Island. How are you doing at the puppet school? Geppeto : The Good Fairy! How nice to hear from you. I’m fine, thanks, And you how are you? The Good Fairy : Good. Look, I’m coming over in April for Pinocchio’s birthday. Are you going to prepare a special party for him? Geppeto : Well, I don’t think I can afford to give him a party, but there will be a small dinner with his friends. The Good Fairy : That will do. I’m sure he’ll be happy. Geppeto : By the way, I hope you can come and meet me soon to arrange the party. The Good Fairy : Sure. Uhm, the party will be on April 23rd at 7. p.m., so, can we have kind of meeting at the “Super” café at 12.30 on April 22nd? Geppeto : Just a minute. I’ll check my diary. No, I ‘m afraid that’s not good for me. Why don’t we meet on April 21st, before lunch at the “Super Mall”? It’s a Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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The Good Fairy Geppeto The Good Fairy Geppeto The Good Fairy

small dinner but there will probably be a lot of things to buy. That’s why I prefer one stop shopping. What do you say? : Yes, that’s possible. You mean we’ll have lunch together before shopping? : Right. : Good idea. OK, let’s say at 11.00 on April 21st, at the “Super Mall”. If you get delayed, you can always call me. : All right. See you there. Thanks for phoning. Bye. : Bye.

Get It Right Ways to say: Expressing sympathy When you hear someone is hurt or sad, express your sympathy with the following expressions. Offering condolences: • I’m sorry. • I’m sorry to hear about your father. • I’m sorry to hear that your little Tweetie died. • Let me offer my condolences. • Let me tell you how sorry I am to hear about your grandmother. • I know how you must feel. • You must feel terrible about losing your brother like that. Responding to condolences • Thank you. • That’s very kind of you. • There’s nothing that can be done about it. • It’s God’s will, I suppose. • God gives and God takes away. • That’s life.


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DESCRIPTIVE TEXT Say it Right • feathers • fur • paws • claws • whiskers • pet shop • aquarium • scales • beak

Moving Forward Part A. First Challenge. Listen to the cassette and fill in the blanks. Do you like birds? Do you have one at home? I have one. It’s a cockatoo. It’s the most beautiful bird I have ever had. I call it BB. Well, BB is originally native to Philippines. BB has a stiff feathered crest and powerful hooked beak. Her body size lies between 30 and 32 centimeters. You see, BB is a clever cockatoo. She is clever at mimicking a human’s speech. She can say, “Good morning. How are you today?” or sing “Twinkle, twinkle little stars”. She whistles very loudly when she is cheerful. Every body finds her amusing. BB has wonderful feathers. She has blue feathers with bright markings. The combination of blue, orange and pink makes her look cute. You know what, she can finish up two ears of corn every day and she drinks a lot of water. Part B. Listen to Belle again. While listening, check (√) the boxes. Then, answer the questions. Do you like birds? Do you have one at home? I have one. It’s a cockatoo. It’s the most beautiful bird I have ever had. I call it BB. Well, BB is originally native to Philippines. BB has a stiff feathered crest and powerful hooked beak. Her body size lies between 30 and 32 centimeters. You see, BB is a clever cockatoo. She is clever at mimicking a human’s speech. She can say, “Good morning. How are you today?” or sing “Twinkle, twinkle little stars”. She whistles very loudly when she is cheerful. Every body finds her amusing. BB has Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; wonderful feathers. She has blue feathers with bright markings. The combination of blue, orange and pink makes her look cute. You know what, she can finish up two ears of corn every day and she drinks a lot of water.

Stage 2 Get It Right Part A. Think about it. Listen to the conversation and fill in the blanks Anisa Dinahyu Anisa Dinahyu Anisa Dinahyu Anisa

: Wow! That’s a lovely dress, Dinahyu. Is it new? : Yes, it is. Thank you. : The color and the model really look nice on you. : Oh, do you really think so? I am really fond of this dress. : Did you make it yourself? : Certainly not, Anis. My aunt gave it to me as a birthday gift. : Did she? What a good aunt you have!

Ways to say it: Expressing compliments Expressing compliments • That’s a lovely cake. • That was a nice lunch. • You look good in that dress. • What a lovely garden. • You’re really a good cook. • You’ve done a great job. • You did it very well. • Well done. • You’re doing just fine. • You’re doing great. Responding to compliments • Thank you. • I’m glad you enjoyed it. • Thanks. Do you really think so? • Thank you very much. It’s nice of you to say so. • I’m glad you like it. • Thanks a lot.


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ANNOUNCEMENT Say it Right • listener • tune • submarine • newsworthy • evidence • catastrophe • involved Part B. Active Listening. Listen to the following news. While listening, complete the missing words with the words you hear. Then, answer the questions. Good morning listeners. It’s ten o’clock in the morning and you’re listening to Headline News in 007 Archid FM. I’m Mike Tjokro. The first newsworthy event comes from Moscow. A Russians journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed ten sailors and contaminated an entire town. Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of Shkotovo 22, near Vladivostock. The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fallout. The base and nearby town, were covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told that the explosion was in the reactor of the Victor submarine. It was said to be a ‘thermal’ and not nuclear explosion. Those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tons of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy. A board of investigators were later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy. OK listeners, that’s the first news for today. I am coming back soon with some other important news. So, stay tuned to 007 FM Archid Radio Station.

Get It Right Ways to say it: Expressions used in an interview Opening the interview: • Good afternoon. • Excuse me, I didn’t quite catch your name. • Have a good time. Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; • Thanks for your …. • It is a big surprise. • I congratulate you on …. Asking for information: • Could I ask? • Where was it? • I’m calling to find out …. • Do you realize that … • Actually …. • And? • Well, let me see …. • First/then/after that/at the end … Ways to say it The expressions used to say believe or not believe are: Asking if you believe or not: • Do you believe it? • Wouldn’t you believe it? • Can you imagine that? • You don’t believe it, do you? • Don’t you think it’s odd that …? Responding to believe or not: • No, I don’t believe it. • Are you serious? • Are you joking? • Are you kidding? • You must be joking/kidding! • Oh, no! That’s not true! • You don’t say! • Seeing is believing. Woman : Do you believe that a letter can reach your hand in 45 years? Man : You must be joking. Why would it take that long to reach a person? What happened?


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Ways to say it: Expressing being surprised Telling surprising news: • Guess what! • Surprise! • I’ve got news for you. • Do you know what? • You won’t believe it! Responding to believe or not: • Oh, no. That’s not true. • You don’t say. • Really? That sounds interesting. • Really? It’s surprising that…. • Seeing is believing. • Good heavens. • My goodness! • This is really a surprise!

Moving Forward Part A. First Challenge. Listen to the news. While listening, fill in the blanks. Hello, listeners, you’re still with me Mike Tjokro from 007 FM Archid, the one and only radio station for all. Thanks for joining with us again. The latest news for today comes from Kendari, southeast Sulawesi. It is about the Kendari SAR team that have found three more victims. Here is the news in detail. On Thursday a search-and-rescue team found three more victims from a ship that sank in the Banda Sea. They had been missing since the accident occurred on Friday last week. They were Aris Triono, the captain of the Amami Cargo ship, Yakub, a crew-man, and Suharto, a passenger. They were found on Thursday floating in waters close to Menui Island, Central Sulawesi province. The province is adjacent to the southeast Sulawesi province and the Banda Sea. Two other victims were earlier saved by the SAR team in the Banda Sea on Saturday last week, only a day after the ship sank due to bad weather. The SAR team is still searching for ten crew members and a passenger still missing from the incident, said Rocky Asikin, the head of Kendari SAR team. Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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Hand in hand Part B. Second Project. Listen to the following news. Pay attention to the newscasters’ intonation. Then, work in groups to complete the following news using your own words. Read it in front of the class. Actress and model Cindy Maroon has been banned from visiting Tom who has been sentenced 15-year jail in an island prison, on Thursday. The head of the Central Java Justice and Human Rights Office, Marsono banned her visit after hearing with members of legislative. He said Cindy, who divorced businessman Setiawan Djodjon in 1999, visited Tom and stayed for two days. Marsono said he then ordered prison warden, Sugiharyatmo, to ban the actress from visiting Tom. Tom was jailed for 15 years for graft and order for murder of a judge.


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NEWS ITEM An Excursion to Bogor Botanic Garden All right, everybody, I’ll tell you about this great place. On Friday 16 March we went to Bogor Botanic Garden. We went there by bus and we arrived at that famous garden at 10 o’clock. Arriving at the garden, we were divided into two groups. Group A followed Mrs. Nina and Group B followed Mr. Ahmad. I was in group A. Well, first we went to the odd tropical plants and Mrs. Nina read us some of the information. Then, we looked at all the lovely plants. After that, we went to a little spot near the Raffles cemetery and had morning tea. Next, we did some sketching and then we met group B at the information center to have our lunch. Soon, it was time for us to go to the orchid section while Group B did some research on flowers. Uhm…A lady led us to the orchid section. Then, she explained about many kinds of orchid. Next, we had a look at the Indonesian orchid. Wow, we saw many kinds of Indonesian orchids. They were all beautiful. Later, we took a look at the American, European and Asian orchid’s section. It was interesting. Soon after we had finished our observations, we went back outside and met group B. Then, we got on the bus and returned to school. We really enjoyed the trip to Bogor Botanic Garden.

Get It Right Ways to say it: Greetings and leave-taking Look again at the text about ‘An excursion to Bogor Botanic Garden’. Pay attention to the first sentence (i.e. All right, everybody, I’ll tell you about this great place.) You can use this first sentence to open a conversation before you share your past experience to others. However, you can also use greeting to open a conversation and use leave-taking for closing. Formal Greeting • Good morning. • Good afternoon. • Good evening. • Good morning, sir. Informal greeting Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; • • •

Hi, Lizzy! Morning, Jim! Hello.

Initial greetings • How are you? • How’s it going? • How are you doing? • How’s life? Responding to initial greetings • Very well, thank you and how are you? • I’m good/okay/alright. • Very well, thank you. • Oh, pretty good. • Not too bad, thanks. • Fine, thanks. • Excellent. Pre-closing • OK then… • I’ve got to go now. • So, I’ll see you next week. • I think I’d better be going now. • Well, it’s time for me to leave. • I think it’s already late at night. • I must be going home. Closing/leave-taking • Good bye. • Bye-Bye; Bye; Bye now; See you. Take care. • See you later ---- Fine. • See you soon ----- OK. • See you tonight ----- All right. • Good night. Part A. Active Listening. Listen to the cassette and fill in the blanks. Act out this conversation. Situation 1

: Soraya meets Adam at the cafeteria.

Soraya : Hello, Adam. How are you getting on? Adam : Fine, thanks. How are you? Soraya : I’m very well. Thank you. Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; Adam : Have you finished your lunch? Soraya : Yes, I have. I’d better be going, or I’ll be late at my office. Goodbye, Adam. Adam : Goodbye, Soraya. See you tomorrow. Situation 2

: In the banquet room was a group of well-dressed people chatting among themselves. Soraya approached one of them.

Soraya : Good morning. Do you know who Susan Brandy is? Adam : She’s over there. Soraya : Thank you. (Soraya went up to her). Hi, I am Soraya. How do you do? Susan : Hello, Soraya. This is Peter and Teddy. I’m sure you’ve heard of them. Soraya : How do you do, sir? Peter : Hello. My wife has told me a great deal about you. Soraya : Nothing too terrible I hope, sir. Peter : On the contrary. She has said only good things about you. Soraya : Thank you, sir. (She turns to Teddy). Good afternoon, sir. Teddy : Hello, Soraya. Soraya : It’s a pleasure to meet you, sir. Teddy : Thank you. You’re looking very well. Soraya : So are you, sir. I’m so sorry about what happened yesterday. Teddy : Thank you. Are you set up here to take care of all of us? Soraya : Oh, yes. I think we can make everyone comfortable. Teddy : That’s good. Sorry, but I would like to get freshened up. Soraya : Of course. It was pleased to meet you. Teddy : Well, good night. Ways to say it: Expressing feelings Expressing happiness • Oh, I’m so happy. • I can’t say how pleased I am. • I had a splendid time there. • What a marvelous place I’ve ever seen. • It’s an outstanding adventure. • It’s an interesting experience. • It’s a sensational trip. • Great! • Exciting! • Fantastic! • Super! • Terrific! • Smashing! • Hey, that’s terrific/great!


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; Expressing boredom • I think it was a boring holiday. • It sounds boring. • It’s totally/awfully boring. • I’m rather bored. • How boring! • I don’t think the trip was very interesting. • I’m fed up with it. • It’s totally boring. • The film was awfully boring. • How boring! • How unexciting! • I’m fed up with all your grumbling! • Dull. • Not interesting.

Expressing disappointment • That’s very disappointing. • I must say I’m really disappointed. • It’s a great disappointment. • That’s too bad. • Oh no! • That’s too bad • That’s a real shame/pity. • It’s a real shame. • Bad luck! Part D. Listen to the conversations. Then answer the following questions. Conversation 1 Man: Did you enjoy your weekend at the tea plantation ? Woman: Certainly, It’s a marvelous place I’ve ever seen Conversation 2 Woman: Frankly, darling, having holiday in a quiet island is boring to me. Man: Alright, alright. We’ll go home tomorrow. Conversation 3 Boy 1: Oh, it’s a shame. I was hoping we got a big fish. Copyrigh by muhammad syaiful akbar

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; Boy 2: Never mind. We are fishing again tomorrow. Cheer up! Ways to say it: Asking if someone remembers or not Formal expressions • I wonder if you remember …. • You remember ...., don’t you? • You haven’t forgotten ...., have you? • Don’t you remember ....? • Do you happen to remember it now? Ways to respond • Let me think, yes, I remember. • I remember especially the scenery. • I’ll never forget that. • I’ll always remember. • I can remember it clearly. Informal expressions • Remember the old house we used to live in? • Remember that? • I’m sorry, I don’t remember. Ways to respond • Hold on. Yes, got it! • I know …. • It’s coming back to me now. Response if you forget • Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten. • I’m afraid I forget. • I really can’t remember. • I’m afraid I have no memory of him. • Err, let me think. No, it’s gone. • Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

Moving Forward Part A. First Challenge. Listen to Mike, talking about his experience about earthquake. Check the answers.


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; Has everybody here heard of an earthquake? Do you know what it is like when it happens? Well, I once experienced it. Okay, I’ll tell you about my experience. Listen. I was driving along the coast road when the car suddenly lurched to one side. You know what happened? At first I thought a tire had gone flat but then I saw telegraph poles collapsing like matchsticks. It’s terrible, isn’t it? Next, guess what? The rocks came tumbling across the road and I had to get out of the car. When I got back to town, well as I said, there wasn’t much left. My God, that was a nightmare. Say It Right • earthquake • coast • collapsing • nightmare • experience • tyre • matchsticks • abandoned • tumbling • terrible


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