This paper first describes the origin and features of XML as a markup language. ...... Valid XML Documents: If an XML document is well-formed, associated with a ...
certain general conditions under which a semi-automatic transformation is possible. The system generates a transformation between two structures of the same ...
ELEMENT Vacation-Package (Description, Airfare, Hotel-Cost, Price)>. ELEMENT ..... Aurora generalizes the function of searching by de ning a single schema.
duplicates. In our theory it is also possible to use the multiset- or set-constructor instead .... label, or the list of labels, respectively, of the referenced elements.
A data cube is a multidimensional data model used to conceptualize data in a ...... OLAP, International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining, Idea Group Inc.,.
DTD), we produce a new XML document (a slice) that contains the relevant information ... (X)HTML or XSL-FO, that can be interpreted by any standard browser.
In some sense, this is similar to the Chinese Wall security model suggested by. Brewer-Nash [8]. In a Chinese Wall policy, a user may be permitted to have an.
Third, by indexing on sequences of elements organized in a trie structure and using a sophisticated matching algorithm,. XTrie is able to both reduce the number ...
As many other constraint languages, their purpose is both to delineate best ... it is possible to build useful applications (such as a visualizer and a index builder) .... navigational elements of Web sites, advertisements, footers, etc., that usuall
We can extend domains in the obvious way to elements. For an ..... Example 3.2. We want to fragment the wines in the schema of Example 2.1 into cheap.
Sep 18, 2009 - ments, XHTML has become a standard for the XML repre- sentation of web pages [18]. Throughout this paper, a XML document is considered ...
Flexible Authentication Of XML documents. P. Devanbuâ, M. Gertz, A. Kwong, C. Martel, G. Nuckolls. S. G. Stubblebine. Department of Computer Science.
Sep 18, 2009 - Document (ODF) [4] and Office OpenXML [17]. Both have been been approved as ISO standards, and rely on XML to ensure interoperability.
via, e.g., the DOM, suffer from huge memory demands: the space needed to load ...... A. Arion, A. Bonifati, G. Costa, S. D'Aguanno, I. Manolescu, and A. Pugliese.
tion and plotting, automatic hypertext generation, morphology, and word ... One of the greatest challenges in building and maintaining a large, heteroge- neous DL ... Definitions); to extract structural and descriptive metadata from these docu- ....
First, we define a formal model of access control policies for XML documents. ..... data content of an element is represented as a particular attribute whose name.
Apr 3, 2007 - system called So6, which is part of a distributed collaborative ... mon, often compulsory in academic and corporate .... A timestamp siteTicket.
ditionally, measures are numeric values (e.g., units of sales or total sale amount) ..... budgets of the groups on the lowest level, followed by the sum of budgets of ...
Subject credentials assert certified properties of a .... Publishing Service for Digital Libraries of XML documents. .... R.C. Merkle A Certified Digital Signature.
to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists requires prior specific permission ...... that contains the element's ID and a pair of vps and cnt attributes for each reg-.
This chapter appears in the book, Web-Enabled Systems Integration: Practice and Challenges edited by. Ajantha ... Thus, integrating IR and XML search techniques will enable more sophis- .... Full Fabrication Labs, Inc. ... and thus are greatly inspir
person(code, id, fn, ln, email, phone, conf). 3. Since M(cite)=(paperâ), and there is a table corresponding to paper element, then we add a foreign key to.
Exploiting XML Schema for Interpreting XML Documents as RDF. Pham Thi Thu Thuy, Young-Koo Lee, Sungyoung Lee, and Byeong-Soo Jeong. Department of ...
standardize the structure of the documents as proposed by. HL7 CDA [2]. The presented framework based on open source software components and the tamino ...
Structuring of medical documents with XML: enhancing retrieval and presentation of pathology reports Martin Boeker, Christoph Jentzsch and Rüdiger Klar Department of Medical Informatics, Freiburg University Hospital, Germany
XML technologies can enhance and simplify the structuring and presentation of medical documents. Here, we investigate the storage, retrieval and presentation of medical documents with a XML web publishing framework. The pathology reports of a legacy department system were exported as HL7 messages and after transformation to XML stored in a XML database. Database results on XQuery request were transformed server-side by an XML presentation framework to HTML and displayed by standard web browser on the client.
Pathology department system Hl7
Apache : web server
HL7 -> XML transformation
Tomcat : servlet container
XML XQuery XML database tamino
XML
Cocoon: XML presentation
client
HTML
web browser
HTML
Figure 1 – basic components and dataflow
Objectives Results & Discussion
Semi structured narrative texts are an important part of medical records which are characterized by high individual specific expressiveness combined with limited retrieval and presentation possibilities. XML allows to markup semi structured data in a flexible manner and is suited for communication of documents over standard web technologies [1]. These characteristics are employed in structuring pathology reports of a legacy system to enhance retrieval and presentation. The general appropriateness of XML and related technologies to store, retrieve and present high amounts of medical documents has to be evaluated.
XML technologies are appropriate to structure clinical documents and build a system of transformation, storage, retrieval and presentation layers. The XML document type definition (DTD, XSD) fundamentally depends on the available structure information of the original documents but can easily be augmented with additional XML structures once accessible (e.g. by data extraction methods). The relative high flexibility of XML applications enables the stepwise development of electronic patient records. Further development is directed to enhance the structure of documents by enlarging the number of available details and to standardize the structure of the documents as proposed by HL7 CDA [2]. The presented framework based on open source software components and the tamino XML database enables to enhance the retrieval and presentation of medical documents by automatic structuring them with XML. Its scope of application is the narrative and semi structured textual data of considerable importance in medicine.
Methods A large number of semi-structured textual pathology reports of the Pathology Department of the Freiburg University Hospital was exported as HL7 v2.3 messages over an existing HL7 interface from a legacy department system. The HL7 messages were transformed in several steps to a XML representation which best suited the needs to represent pathology data using all possible structure information of the original message. The XML instances were persistently stored in the native XML database Tamino (Software AG, Darmstadt, Germany).
References [1] Lovis C, Baud RH, and Planche P. Power of expression in the electronic patient record: structured data or narrative text? Int J Med Inf, 58-59: 101–110 (2000)
Retrieval and presentation is controlled by the Cocoon XML presentation framework (Apache Software Foundation, open source software). XQuery requests are built from clients HTML request and directed to the XML database. Resulting XML is flexible transformed to HTML. The processing of HTML to XQuery is mediated by extensible server pages (XSP) and of XML to HTML by extensible stylesheet transformation (XSLT).
[2] Heitmann KU, Schweiger R & Dudeck J. Discharge and referral data exchange using global standards – the SCIPHOX project in Germany. Int J Med Inf, 70:195–203 (2003).
