The molars have roots and show a Mimomys enamel dif_ ferentiation. .... stage), which vary in lamellar frequency from 4.2-5.9 and in height/width index from ...
{,:,t
nt
l.( o
{fs.f-.rþr,,
I'J':JO Quartärpaläontologie, Berlin S (1990), 265-272
The Early Biharian Mammal Faunas from Bavel and Dorst-surae By THus veN Kor,rscHornN, Utrecht With 9 Figures
Conte¡rts
1.
2.
2.1. 2.2. 2.3. J.
Abstractum. Introduction Description of the mammal faunas Bavel (locality A) . Bavel (locality C) . .
.a?
265 265 265
I
4'
26s
Dorst-Surae Stratigraphical position of the faunas Summary.
267 267 269 271
References
271
i ¡
Abstractum a
The mammal faunas from Bavel and Dorst-Surae coming froù deposits ofthe recently defined Bavelian stage ofThe Netherlands are described. Die Säugetierfaunen von Bavel und Dorst-Surae, die aus Ablage-
rungen der kürzlich defìnierten Bavelium-Stufe der Niederlande
km
stammen, werden beschrieben. _
On¡lc¡rsarorcc tþaynu rr,uexour{Tarouu,rx r.rg Ea¡e¡a
ll
Fig. 1. Map of The Netherlands showing the geographical position
,{opcr-
of the discussed localities
Crope, npor,rcxoÃrr[r.te r¿g or¡oxeH¡¡ü HeÃaBHo BbrÃeJreuuoro 6ase¡¡cxoro rpyca Hu¡epaan4on.
2.1. Bavel (locality A) 1. Introduction Pisces
ZecwIrN and o¡ JoNc (1984) dehned a new stage, the Bavelian, which consists in the succession ofthe Bavel interglacial, the Linge glacial, the Leerdam interglacial and the Dorst glacial. The stage is situated between the Menapian and Interglacial I ol the 'Cromerian complex'. The definition of this stage was the ¡esult ol the study of a number of localities in the southern part of The Netherlands. Three localities (two in pit Bavel Ia and one in bit Dorst-Surae) have yielded mammalian fossils. These fossils are described in this paper and the stratigraphical position of the faunas is discussed.
In
se ct iv ora Soricidae indet. Desmana cf . thermalis
Rodentia Spermo p hílus cf . Mimomys savini Microtus arvalis
un dul atus
Microtus sp.
Soricidae indet.
Mandibula dex.; antero-posterior length of the combined 2. Description of the mammal faunas
alveoli of
Mr-M.
:
3.83 mm. The specimen is too fragmentary
to allow a specific determination.
A number of clay pits are situated north and south of Bavel, a small village south-east of the town of Breda (see Fig. l). In the northernmost pit (Bavel Ia according to the terminology of Zecwr¡N and n¡ JoNc 1984) there were two localities (A and C) which yielded vertebrate fossils. A clay pit called 'Surae', situated east of the village of Dorst, about 3 km north-east ofthe pit Bavel I, yielded larger mammalian fossils. These fossils were collected in 1955 and
Fig. 2); length 2.45mm, width 1.69 mm. The two divergent roots. It has a well developed anterior cingulum and a very small labial one. The morphological details and the size of the specimen from Bavel correspond very well to those of the P2 of Desmana thermaüs from
1956.
Tegelen published by Rùrrarr (1985).
Desmana cf. thermalis P2 dex. (see
P2 has
266
T. v¡¡¡ KolrscHorrN/Biharian Mammal Faunas
Quartärpaläontologie 8 (1990)
Measurements
M1
length \ryidth
M2
mln.
max.
2.'72 1.58
2.88
4
1.70
4
mean
length
2.17 1.15
width M3 M1
I
length
1.90
2.08
3
1.01
1.
l3
3
L
3.05 1.20 1.09
3.
l0
t,t2
1.105
0.45
c
0.39 0.27
0.29
0.42 0.28
2 2 2 2 2
length
1.88
width
l.2t
1.96 1.28
1.92 1.25
2 2
w b
M.
1
width a
M2
n
3.075
t.2s
1.30
length
|.72
I
widrh
1.02
I
The molars have roots and show a Mimomys enamel dif_ ferentiation. Compared with the M, from Mt. peglia, Kozi
Fig. 2. Desmana cf . thcrmalis from Bavel; p2 dex; x
12
Grzbiet, West Runton and Voigtstedt the specimens from Bavel are small.
Tegelen : Desmana thermalis
P2: length width
range
range
2.32-2.61 1.59-1.79
n:10 n:10.
mean 2.46 mean 1.69
Sp e rm op hi lu s cf . undu la
t
us
n
Pa sin (see Fig. 3); length 3.04, widrh 3.51 The premolar belongs to a medium-sized ground squirrel. In having a small protocone, a distinct metaconule and a well developed posteroloph it shows characters of Spermophilus (Urocitellus) undulatus from the Late pleistocene locality
at Crayford (Mavunw
1975). The premolar from Bavel is larger than the Late Pleistocene specimens from Eppelsheim, Rheinhessen, and Rockenberg, Hessen (Cunur et al. 19g0). It has about the same size as the Middle pleistocene (Early
Saalian) tooth from Maastricht-Belvédère, fauna
KolrscnornN
Table l. The length of the M, of Mimomys sqvini from Bavel, Mt.
Peglia (vrN onn MnuL¡N 1973),Kozi Grzbiet (Neorcuowsrr l9g5), West Runton (Srue.nr 1981) and Voigtstedt (Knrrzor 1965)
mln.
max.
8
3.05 3.03
3.10 3.50
Kozi Grzbiet 2a
l5
3.22
1.71
2b
11
2c
22
3.23 3.14 3.08 3.05
3.76 3.66 3.56 3.70
Bavel Mt. Peglia
West Runton Voigtstedt
2
l9 61
mean 3.075 3.35 3.45 3.43 3.38 3.33
3.35
3 (veN
1985).
2
Fig. 3. Spermophilus cî. undulatus from Bavel; Pa sin., x 12
Mimomys savini 3 Ml dex., I Ml sin., I M2 dex., I M3 dex., 2 M3 sin., 2 M, dex., I M, dex., I M, sin., I M, dex., 1 M. sin. (Measurements and terminology according to vÄ.N DER MzurEN 1973)
Fig. 4. Mimomys savini ftom Bavel;
1-2: M,
dex., x
12
8
(I
T. v¡N KouscHorrN/Biharian Mammal Faunas 267
990)
QvattàtPaläontologie
of M3 specimens three all
¡4orPhologY
T4 is well developed and in one of In 3' In the others T 3 and T 4 ate T with confluent them separated'
Morphology of M, (see Fig. 4) The two M, are about identical in mqrphology
morphologically and have the same size as the molars of M. arvalis (length of the Voigtstedt-M1 :2.60-2.75mm). This statement is rejected by e.g. CnauN¡ (1972) and the present author.
Microtus sp.
and charac-
terized by a poorly developed BRA 3 and a well developed
LRA 4. A Mimomys ridge is lacking in both molars. One of them shows a relict of a Mimomys islet. Knnrzor (1965) described M. savini from Voigtstedt and
in the population. The milleri' (:' intermedíus') morphotype with poorly developed BRA 3 and LRA 4, the'majori' type with well developed BRA 3 and LRA 4 and the 'savini' type with a Mimomys ridge. Because of the co-occurrence of a poorly developed distinguished three morphotypes
'
BRA
3 and a
be assigned
well developed LRA 4, the Bavel specimen must
to an intermediate morphotype
which also occurs in the population of Voigtstedt (Knerzor 1965). M. savini molars with about the same dimensions as those from Bavel are also recorded from a boring at Zuurland (depth 28-42 metres), and from the Maasvlakte fauna. In the latter two faunas M. savini occurs together with a small Mimomys species.
M,
dex. ; length 1 80 mm, width I . 14 mm The molar is unrooted and shows a clear Mícrotøs enamel differentation. It is morphologically identical to the M, of Microtus arvalls, but is too large to be assigned to this species. A large unrooted M1 with Miuotus enamel differentation is also recorded from a boring at Bergambacht (boring 6). That molar was obtained from Early or Early Middle Pleistocene deposits.
These large molars may belong to a large Allophaiomys which is known from the Early Pleistocene (Early Biharian) fauna of Kalymnos, Greece (Kuss and Sroncu 1978).
2.2. ßavel (tocality C) Talpasp. Humerus sin. (Measurements according to voN KonNrcswarp 1970):
Microtus arvqlis
min. width of the diaphysis 3.8 mm widt of the distal epiphysis 7.7 mm.
M2 sin.; length 1.53, width 0.93 : 2.68, a : 139,W : 0.84, b : 0.04, c : 0.02, d:0.23, e : The M2 does not show an extra posterior salient angle. Morphologically they are like the M2 of M. ørvalis. The M, from Bavel (see Fig. 5) shows fìve closed triangles, and a ratherwell developed LRA 5. BRA 4 is weakly developed and the anterior cap is small. The molar has the size and the morphological features of the M, of M. arvalis and is therefore assigned to this species. It is larger than the molars of M. arvalinus lrom Kövesvárad near Répáshuta with a length
M, sin.; L
of 2.2-2.5 mm
Knrrzor (1965) assigned Microtus fossilis from Voigtstedt to M. aryalinus because (JÁNossv 1963).
The humerus is broken and incomplete. It is larger than most of the humeri of Talpa fossil¡s from Tegelen and those of Talpa cf . fossilis from Mt. Peglia. The dimensions correspond well to those of the humeri of ?". europaea from Petersbuch. The humerus from Bavel is obviously smaller than the humeri of the living Talpa europaea (see Table 2).
2.3. Dorst-Surae Elephas (mîiquus F¡.lcorrrn et CAUTLEv Arc hidiskodo n me r idion alís (Nysrr) cf . Euclqdoceros sedgwicki (F.ucoNen)
of their Biharian age, although the molars are about the same Elephas antiquus
M. sin. (see Fig. 6), measurements Table 3 Onemolarof thecollection fromDorst-Surae (RGM
85 531)
is rather narrow. The enamel figures have pointed median expansions (they have a so-called'lozenge shape') and the
Fig. 5. Microtus arvalis from Bavel; M, sin., x 12
Table 2. Dimensions of the humeri of fossil Tatpa sp. from Bavel, Tegelen, Mt. Peglia (vlN orn MBurpN 1913) and petersbuch (voN KorNrcswuo 1970a) and of the living Talpa europaea min. width ol the diaphysis
Talpa sp. (Bavel) Talpa /ossilrs (Tegelen) Talpa cI. JossrTis (Mt. peglia) Talpa zrrror (petersbuch) Talpa europaea (petersbuch) Talpa europaea
(Recent)
min. width of the distal epiphysis
n
m1n.
max.
mean
n
l3
6.'7
7.6
7.70 7.03
14
46 90 34
5.4 7.4
6.5
9.4
8.3
9.6
s.96 8.32 8.90
mln.
max.
mean
3.2
3.8 3.85 3.3
3.80 3.52 3.44 2.96
4.4 4.8
4.30
I 87
3.05
46 90
2.',1
34
4.0
3.3
3.85
*
268
Quartärpaläontologie 8 (1990)
T. v¡N KolrscHornx/Biharian Mammal Faunas
'¡
Fig.6. Elephas antiquus from Dorst-Surao; M3 sin., nat. Table 3. Measurements of the molar fragments ol Elephas antiquus (R.G.M.
85 531)
size
and of Archidiskodon meridionalis from Dorst-Surae
Coll. no
N
L
w
H
LF
et
H/W
R.G.M. 85794 M. dex.
7
81.5 76.5
5-6
2.2-3.0
129
6 2
145 125
105
85531 M. sin. 85532 R.G.M. 85533 R.c.M. 85534 M2 dex. R.c.M. 85536 M3 dex. R.G.M. 85541 M3 sin.
5.5
2.2-2.5
R.c.M. R.c.M.
N
-
-
number of plates ;
L
2.2-3.0
I 13s
6 4 9
-
length; W
-
width ;
H
-
height; LF
101 185
-
lamellar frequency; et
Mrcr-ro
enamel is trongly folded. These morphological features are characteristic for the straighttusked elephant Elephas anti' quus.
Ar chidisko don mer idionølis Tusk-fragments, six incomplete molars (see Fig. 7 and Table 3) Macuo (1973) distinguished three stages in the evolution of Ar chidiskodon mer idionalis (: 74 o*^uthus m er idionalis) ;
1973
2.2-2.8 2.4-2.8
5.0
87.0 85.0 86.0
142
t4t
-
5.5 5.5
2:2
enamel thickness; H/W
-
height/width index ; According to
the Laiätico stage, the most primitive one, the Montevarchi stage, and the Bacton stage. The lamellar frequency and the height/\ridth index of the M. from Dorst-Surae correspond best to those of the last mol aß of A.meridiornalls (Montevarchi stage), which vary in lamellar frequency from 4.2-5.9 and in height/width index from 93.8-135.1 (MrcrIo 1973). The height/width index of A. meridiorealrs (Bacton stage) varies from 140-165, which indicates that the molars from
Dorst-Surae are more primitive than the molars meridionalis (Bacton stage)
(:"4.
of l.
meridíonalis cromeriensß
T. vnN Kor-¡scHorrN/Biharian Mammal Faunas 269
8 (l 990)
Qt)artär}aläotTtologie
III
I
Fig. 7 . Archidiskodon merîdioneüs ftom Dorst-Surae; M3 sin.
from the Forest Bed series of East Anglia;
see AzzARoLr
t976).
cf . Eucladoceros sedgwicki Two antler lragments (see Fig. 8) The two antler fragments belong to a large deer. One lragment consists of a pedicle, the burr (diameter about 6 cm) and the basal part of the antler. The brow tine arises from a point at about 7 cm above the burr. The basal part of the beam is somewhat triangular in cross-section. The other fragment is a terminal beam fragment with a length of 42 cm. One of the tines is flattened and about 5 cm wide. The antler fragments may belong to Eucladoceros sedgwicki (: Euctenoceros sedgwicki) which is characterized by the high position of the hrst bifurcation and by the well-marked flattening olthe upper portion of the antlers (Azznnor-r 1953). Eucladoceros sedgwicki is known lrom e.g. the localities Bacton and Mundesley (Great Britain).
The mammalian lossils lrom Dorst-Surae were collected from a clay deposited during the Leerdam Interglaciai, the last interglacial of the Baventian. The co-occurrence of Mimomys savini and Microtus arvalís in the sediments of Locality A (pit Bavel Ia) indicates that these deposits can be correlated with either the TemplomhegyPhase (Pitymys arvalidens partial range zone) or the lowermost part of the Tarkö-Phase (Sorex subaraneus range zone)
olthe Lower Biharian
(see
Fig. 9).
The Bavel launa can be correlated with the launa lrom
boring Zuurland
28 42 meTers and with a part of
the
Maasvlakte launa (see Fig. 9). Mimomys søy¿r¿i occurs in all three faunas; in the fauna lrom the boring Zuurland2S-42 meters it co-occurs with a small Mimomys species and with Pitymys gregaloides.
The molars
of
Archidiskodon meridionalls
lrom Dorst-
of an advanced evolutionary stage and resemble the Late Villalranchian A. meridíonalís (Azzaxou 1976). Surae are
The molars show the same morphology as the molars of Archidiskodon meridionalis from the Maasvlakte and from the North Sea. They are more advanced than the molars from the Oosterschelde and Tegelen (see Fig. 9).
3. Stratigraphical position of the faunas
All mammalian fossils from Bavel and Dorst-Surae were obtained lrom sediments with a Bavelian age. Sediments deposited during the Bavelian Interglacial were exposed in pit Bavel Ia (Zacwrnr and pr JoNc 1984). The mammalian fossils lrom the pit Bavel Ia, Locality A, date from the end of the Bavelian Interglacial. According to Mrurn (1983) the single vertebrate fossil lrom BaVal Ia, Locality C, dates lrom the earlier part ol the Bavelian Interglacial. The Bavelian Interglacial is correlated with the palaeomagnetic Jaramillo subzone (0.97 0.90 m.y.) of the Matuyama reversal Zone (Zlcwrnv and o¡ JoNc 1984). ì8
Quartärpaläontologie
Bd.
g
Ackn
o
wle dgements
The author is grateful to T. M¡r¡¡n (Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem) and W. J. KurrEn (Noordwijk) for collecting the mammalian fossils from the pit Bavel I a and for their permission to study the material. J. op Vos (Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie, Leiden) permitted the author to study the lossils from DorstSurae.
I should like to thank K. J. Sr¡BNsrrtr who studied the material from Bavel. J. Lurer¡N made the drawings and W. A. DEN HARroc made the pictures for which I am grateful. I should also like to thank J. A. vlN EssnN for making some formal improvements upon the text-
270
T.
v¿.N
Korrscnorrx/Biharian Mammal Faunas
Quartärpaläontologie 8
b
a Fig. 8. cf. Euclqdoceros sedgwíckí from Dorst-Surae; antler fragments a: basal fragment; b: terminal beam fragment.
(1
990)
T. veN Kor-rscnornN/Biharian Mammal
Quartärpaläontologie 8 (1 990)
Dutch Localities
Dutch Stages and some Pollenzone INTERGLACIAL
qroupl
I
Faunas
271
Cont¡nental Stages
group2
of
Kretzoi 1965
Azzaroli
197O
g :
INIERGLACIAL fIT i
I I I I
"CROMERIAN-' INfERGLACIAL TT INTÊRGLACIAL
-t Èt ól Sl
I
LEEROAM
BAVELIAN'
I
Dorst
NTERGLACIAL
I
o!
|
!
Bavel
E!IE @:lN @Ñ
MENAPIAN
Èl'r EI :
WAALIAN
ol
EBURONIAN EB
Itr
Tôgelen/Maalbeek
Upper Villãlranch¡ar
:¡l
BAVEL
INTERGLACIAL
-^i ,ãr @!l
!
Lower B¡lÊr¡an
T
6Z
ã
:
,ill. ;N
TC_5
Tegelen
3t
Upper
V¡l
lanyian
Upper Villafranchiar Middle V¡llafrâñchiâr
I I I !
TIGLIAN TC-3
i
T-A PBAETIGLIAN
I
REUVERIAN
Lower Vil lanyian
Frecheñ ã + b
Fig. 9. Chart showing the correlations of the discussed localities with the Dutch Standard Subdivision and the Continental stages. The localities are subdivided into a group (l) of which the correlations to the Dutch scale are well established, and another group (2) of which the possible correlations to the Dutch scale are indicated by the range of the vertical bars.
stage between the Menapian and Interglacial
JoNc (1984), is a new I of the 'Cromerian
nøeu u I MexJreÃHr,rxoBbev ,,Kpovepcroro KoMnJreKca". Oca.qxø, orJraraBrrrüecr Bo BpeMr 6ane¡rcroro sexa, 6rr¡ü Bc(pbrrbr B HecKoJrÉKI,IX rrøHsHÉIX Kaprepax. B rpex pa3rr,rqnËrx MecroHaxo)KÄeuørx co6paurt ocrarKl,I MeJrr(rrx Iz Kpyttur,Ix MJreKoûø-
exposed
complex'. Sediments deposited during the Bavelian stage were in a number ofclay pits. Three dilferent localities yielded
mana cf. thermalis, Spermophilus cÍ. undulatus, Mimomys saviní,
the collection of smaller mammal (Soricidae indet., Desmana cf . thermalis, Spermophilus cî. undulatus, Mimomys savini, Microtus arvalis, Microtus sp.) and larger mammal (Elephas antiquus, Archidiskodon meridionalís, cf . Eucladoceros sedgwickl fossils described
meridionalis, cf. Eucladoceros sedgwicki). flpøvrevare;rrno npr.rcyrcrBr.re s oÆroü r.rs Qayu Microtus arvalis.
Summary The Bavelian, defined by Zrcwr¡¡¡ and
¡s
Tarorru.ü, o[øcbrBaeMÉre
s
Das Bavelium, das von Z¡.cw¡N und o¡ JoNc aufgestellt wurde (1984), ist eine neue Stufe zwischen dem Menapium und dem Interglazial I des,,Cromer-Komplex". Ablagerungen der Bavelium-Stufe sind in einer Anzahl von Tongruben aufgeschlossen. Von drei verschiedenen Fundstellen stammen Aufsammlungen fossiler Kleinsäuger (Soricidae indet., Desmana cf. thermalis, Spermophilus c|. undulatus, Mimomys savini, Microtus arvalis, Microtr.rs sp.) und Gr oßsãuger (Elephas antíquus, Ar chidískodon meridionalis, cf . Eucladoceros sedgwicki), die in dieser Arbeit beschrieben werden. Das Vorkommen von Microtus arvalis in einer dieser Faunen ist besonders erwähnenswert. Pesrcñre Eane¡¡¡ü, ¡rrÃe¡enn¡rü 3arsüüHorvr r.r,{e-úoHrorta (Z,lcwlrN, 1984), npeÃcraBJuer co6oü HoBbIü rpyc MexÄy MeHa-
on JoNc, t8*
crarbe (Soricidae tndet,, Des-
Microtus arvalß, Microtus sp.; Elephas antiquus, Archidiskodon
in this paper. The presence of Microtus arvalis in one of the faunas is noteworthy. Zusammenfassung
ÃaHHoü
References
Azzrxorr,4., 1953:The Bed of
deer of the Weybourn Crag and Forest
Norfolk.
2 (1953).
- Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist., Geol. P. 2-e6
London
Evolutionary patterns of Villafranchian elephants in -,1977 Central Italy. - Lincei Mem. Sci. fisiche, ecc. Ser. VIIL t4 (t977) 2, 4. P. t49-t69 Cn,rrtNn, J., 1972: Les rongeurs du Pléistocene moyen et supérieur de France (Systématique, biostratigraphie, paléoclimatologie). 410P. Paris (1972). Cah. Paléont., Centre Nat. Res. Sci. Cunur, G. A.; BInus, E.; Porun, F.; Sroncu, G., 1980: Altsteinzeitliche Funde und eiszeitliche Faunenreste von Rockenberg, 'Wetteraukreis. 17/18 (1980). Fundberichte aus Hessen.
-
-
P.37-64 JÁNóssy, D., 1963: Die altpleistozäne Wirbeltierfauna von Kövesvárad bei Répáshuta (Bükk-Gebirge). - Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung., P. Mineral. et Paleont. - Budapest 55 (1963). P. 109-141 Körrcsurn,
W. vott, 1970: Mittelpleistozäne Kleinsäuger aus der Mitt. Bayer. StaatsSpaltenfüllung Petersbuch bei Eichstätt.
-
212
T. vlN KorEscnornN/Biharian Mammal Faunas
samml. Paläont. u. hist.
Geol.
Quartåirpaläontologie 8 (1990)
München 10 (1970).
bis 432
-
P. 407
Knrrzor, M., 1965: Die Nager und Lagomorphen von Voigtstedt in Thüringen und ihre chronologische Aussage. Paläont. Abh., A. - Berlin 2(1965)213. -P.587-661 MAcLIo, V. J., 1973: Origin and evolution of the Elephantidae. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., N. Ser. Philadelphia ó3 (1973) 3. P. l-149 M.r.vnrw, D. F., 1975: The Quaternary history ol some British rodents and lagomorphs. 1975. Cambridge, Univ., Ph. D.
-
Thesis
-
MEtrcn, T., 1983: Continentale mollusken uit de groeven bij Bavel
(N. B.).
- R.G.D. 1504.-P.t 5
Macropal., Kaenoz. Dept., Internal Rep.
Nlolcttowsru, 4., 1985: Biharian voles (Arvicolidae, Rodentia, Mammalia) from Kozi Grzbiet (Central Poland). Kraków 29 (1985) 2. , P. 13-28
cracov.
-
-
Act"a Zool.
RürvIrr, C. G., 1985:
A
review of fossil and recent Desmaninac
(Talpidae, Insectivora). Micropalaeont. Bull., Spec. - Utrecht Publ. Utrecht 4 (1985). 241 P. vAN DER MEurEN, A. J.,1973: Middle Pleistocene smaller mammals from the Monte Peglia (Orvieto, Italy) with special reference to the Phylogeny of Microtus (Arvicolidae, Rodentia). - Quaternaria. Roma 17 (1973). 444P. vAN KoLFscHorEN, 1985: The Middle Pleistocene (Saalian) and Làte Pleistocene (Weichselian) mammal faunas from MaastrichtBelvédère, Southern Limburg, The Netherlands. - Meded. Rijks Geol. Dienst. The Haague 39 (1985) l. P. 45-74 vAN KoLFScHorEN, T.; vAN DER MEULEN, A. J., 1989: Villanyian and Biharian mammal launas lrom the Netherlands. ZecwIrn, W. H.;JoNc, J., 1984: Die Interglaziale von Bavel und Leerdam und ihre stratigraphische Stellung im niederländischen Frühpleistozän. Rijks. Geol. Dienst. The Haague - Meded. 37 (1984) 3. 169 P.
-
\
I
lss
/
I
