Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University3). Objectives : Research on ... the gender differences in disability and subjective poor health were assessed by ..... 32 Arber S, Ginn J. Gender and inequalities in health in later life.
J Prev Med Public Health 2009;42(3):199-207 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2009.42.3.199
The Impact of Socioeconomic Factors on the Gender Differences of Disability and Subjective Health Among Elderly Koreans Gyeong-Suk Jeon, Soong-Nang Jang1,2), Seon-Ja Rhee3) Department of Nursing, Division of Health Science, Dongseo University, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University1), Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health2), Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University3) Objectives : Research on the gender differences of health among older Korean people has been limited compared with the research for other stages of life. This study first examined the patterns and magnitude of the gender differences of health in later life. Second, we examined the gender differences in the health of older men and women that were attributable to differing socioeconomic conditions. Methods : Using the nationally representative 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the gender differences in disability and subjective poor health were assessed by calculating the age adjusted and gender-specific prevalence. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess if the differences between the men and women for health could be explained by differential exposure to socioeconomic factors and/or the differential vulnerability of men and women to these socioeconomic factors. Results : Our results indicated that older women were
more likely than the men to report disability and poor subjective health. The health disadvantage of older women was diminished by differential experiences with socioeconomic factors, and especially education. The differences shrink as much as 43.7% in the case of disability and 35.4% in the case of poor subjective health by the differential exposure to educational attainment. Any differential vulnerability to socioeconomic factors was not found between the men and women, which means that socioeconomic factors may have similar effect on health in both genders. Conclusions : Differential socioeconomic experience and exposure between the men and women might cause gender difference in health in old age Koreans. J Prev Med Public Health 2009;42(3):199-207 Key words : E l d e r l y , D i s a b i l i t y , S u b j e c t i v e h e a l t h , Gender, Socioeconomic factors, Education
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,
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) ( 600
, 20-26
[7,8].
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12,001 , 80
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19
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98.8%)
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(7),
(45-64 )
[8]. ,
3,645
(2),
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.
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[2,11]
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(K-ADL, Korean Activities of Daily Living) [20]
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Table 1. Age-adjusted, gender-stratified prevalence of ADL disability and self-rated health as poor among older people aged 65 years or over (N=3,645) in the 2005 Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHENS)
, ,
, ,
,
Men no.(%)
7 1)
, 2)
Prevalence Age 65 - 69 1,672 (46.1) 70 - 74 1,416 (28.5) 75 - 79 1,205 (14.1) 80 - 84 1,117 (8.0) 85 + 1,148 (3.3) Marital status and Living arrangement Living couple only 1,848 (58.2) Living couple and others 1,432 (29.6) Widowed but living with1,185 (5.8) others Living alone 1,193 (6.4) Educational attainment High or over 1,451 (30.9) Middle school 1,244 (16.7) Elementary school 1,543 (37.2) Uneducated 1,220 (15.1) Equivalent household income Highest 25% 1,374 (25.7) 2nd 25% 1,368 (25.2) 3rd 25% 1,403 (27.6) Lowest 25% 1,313 (21.5) Home ownership Owned 1,229 (84.3) Rent or government 1,229 (15.7) subsidiary N= 1,458
, 3) 3 .
7
. , ,
. ,
,
,
. (equivalent income) (equivalent . OECD
scale)
ADL disability
Women no.(%)
Men
Women
14.6
19.1
1,818 (37.4) 1,608 (27.8) 1,425 (19.4) 1,209 (9.6) 1,127 (5.8)
07.3 11.6 23.9 24.8 40.0
11.4 14.9 26.1 33.2 57.5
1,560 (25.6) 1,241 (11.0) 1,775 (35.4)
15.4 16.3 09.1
1,611 (27.9)
Self-rated health as poor All
Men
Women
All
44.6
60.6
9.6 13.3 24.8 30.4 53.1
36.8 42.8 55.6 51.3 66.7*
56.7 64.1 66.4 61.2 51.2
47.7 55.5 62.9 57.7 55.4
18.1 23.7 21.6
16.1 18.0 20.3
43.1 48.6 36.6
64.9 68.3 56.6
51.8 55.4 54.5
11.6
16.1
15.7
49.3
60.9
60.0
1,146 (6.7) 1,135 (6.2) 1,838 (38.3) 1,068 (48.8)
12.7 17.4 14.0 18.7
13.3 14.2 18.4 21.0
12.7 16.1 16.5 20.5
32.6* 45.1 50.1 53.4*
41.5 46.5 63.2 63.6
34.9 46.0 58.2 61.9
1,521 (23.8) 1,505 (23.1) 1,548 (25.1) 1,613 (28.0)
09.8 13.2 18.7 16.6
19.9 19.3 22.6 19.6
15.2 15.9 20.9 17.7
36.2 40.4 51.4 50.8
50.2 60.0 64.8 66.6
43.8 51.2 59.1 61.1
1,618 (74.0) 1,569 (26.0)
14.6 16.1*
17.8 22.6
16.5 20.7
43.3 52.0
58.3 66.9
51.3 62.2
2,187
p
