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Samsu, Rusmi ni , TheI nf l uenceofPr i nci pal s’ Leader shi pSt yl e….

ALTA’ LI M JOURNAL, 23( 1) , 2016, ( 5264) ( Pr i ntI SSN14107546Onl i neI SSN23557893) Av ai l abl eonl i neatht t p: / / j our nal . t ar bi y ahi ai ni b. ac. i d/ i ndex . php/ at t al i m

TheI nf l uenceofPr i nci pal s’ Leader shi pSt y l esonSchool I nnov at i oni nJambi ( CaseSt udyi nSev er al Seni orHi ghSchool si nJambi ) Samsu1

Depar t mentofI sl ami cEducat i on, Facul t yofI sami cEducat i onandTeacherTr ai ni ng I AI NSul t hanThahaSai f uddi nJambi , I ndonesi a 1

Emai l : samsu. su@y ahoo. co. i d

Rusmi ni

Depar t mentofI sl ami cEducat i on, Facul t yofI sami cEducat i onandTeacherTr ai ni ng I AI NSul t hanThahaSai f uddi nJambi , I ndonesi a

Emai l : r usmi ni 78@y ahoo. co. i d Recei ved:11thDecember2015; Revi sed:04thJanuar y2016; Accept ed:27thFebr uar y2016 Abst r act :Schooll eader shi pst y l est hataf f ectschooli nnov at i oni sessent i alt obr i ngschool s’ changes. Thi sst udyai medt odet er mi neschooll eader shi pst y l esandi t sef f ectonschooli nnov at i onatt he seni orhi ghschooll ev eli nJambici t y .Thi sst udyusest enl eader shi pst y l es,t heyar epar t i ci pat i v e, l ai ssezf ai r e, aut hor i t ar i an, democr at i c, char i smat i c, t r ansf or mat i onal , si t uat i onal , t r ust , gr i d, andt hr eedi mensi onall eader shi ps.Thef r amewor koft her esear char edev el opedbyassoci at i ngt enl eader shi p st y l eswi t hschooli nnov at i onsi ncl udi ng( 1)t hepr i nci pal ' sr ol ei ndoi ngi nnov at i oni nt heschool s,( 2) t he f or ms ofi nnov at i on i mpl ement ed i nt he ar eas ofacademi c achi ev ement ,( 3)t he f or m of i nnov at i onscar r i ed outi nt hef i el d spor t sand ( 4)t hef or m ofi nnov at i onsi mpl ement ed i nt he i nst i t ut i onalf i el d,and( 5)t hef or msofi nnov at i onunder t akeni nt hef i el dofschool ’cul t ur e.Ther ear e 32t eacher sand32pr i nci pal swer et akenassampl es.Thi sst udyusedmi xedmet hodsr esear ch.Dat a wer eanal y zedusi ngmean,st andar ddev i at i on,andcor r el at i on.Ther esul t sshowedt hatt heov er al l pr i nci pal ' sl eader shi pst y l ei snotsuf f i ci entt oaf f ectseni orhi ghschooli nnov at i oni nJambici t y , t hi si s ev i dencedbyt her ear eonl yt hr eeoft hoset enl eader shi pst y l eshav eposi t i v er el at i onshi pwhent hey ar edoi ngschool ’ si nnov at i onsi nJambici t y .Thus,t hepr i nci pal sshoul dgi v eat t ent i ont oal lt he l eader shi pst y l est odoi nnov at i onatseni orhi ghschool i nJambi ci t yt oi mpr ov et hequal i t yofschool s. Key wor ds:Leader shi pst y l es, pr i nci pal s, andschool si nnov at i ons

Howt oCi t e:Samsu,S. , &Rusmi ni , R.( 2016) .TheI nf l uenceofPr i nci pal s’ Leader shi pSt y l esonSchool I nnov at i oni nJambi : CaseSt udyi nSev er al Seni orHi ghSchool si nJambi . Al TaLi m Jour nal , 23( 1) . doi : ht t p: / / dx. doi . or g/ 10. 15548/ j t . v 23i 1. 154

Per mal i nk/ DOI :ht t p: / / dx. doi . or g/ 10. 15548/ j t . v 23i 1. 154

52 ©2016byAl Ta' l i m Jour nal Al l r i ghtr eser v ed.Thi swor ki sl i censedunder( CCBYSA)

Samsu, Rusmi ni , TheI nf l uenceofPr i nci pal s’ Leader shi pSt yl e….| 53

I NTRODUCTI ON School ’ s pr i nci pal s hav e v er y i mpor t antr ol ei nr eal i z i ng t he school s’ i nnov at i ons.Onei mpor t antf act ort hatcan i nf l uence i nnov at i on i n school si st he pr i nci pal ' s l eader shi p st y l e. Pr i nci pal ’ s l eader shi pst y l ewhi chi sl i kedbyt eacher s and ot hersubor di nat es wi l lcr eat e an at mospher et hatwi l lbe conduci v et o r eal i ze t he school i nnov at i ons. The cl oseness bet ween t he pr i nci pal s wi t h t eacher sandot hersubor di nat esi sagood r el at i onshi p t hat hel p pr i nci pal s and t eacher si nper f or mi ngt hei rdut i esatt he school( Mangkunegar a,2011) .Wi t hout goodl eader shi pst y l e,t heschooli sonl ya st agnant communi t y . Ther ef or e, ev er y schoolshoul d hav e a good l eader shi p st y l e.Ther ol eofschooll eader shi pst y l e wi l laf f ect sschool sandsomehow wi l lbe t hechar act er i st i cst heschool .Ther ef or e, anypr i nci pal sneedt odesi gnt hemsel v es i nsuchawayi nor dert or eal i zehi sorher wi l l i ngnesst obeani deal l eader . Leader shi pi sdef i nedast heabi l i t y andski l lofaper sonwhoser v edasl eader t o i nf l uence t he behav i or of ot her s, especi al l ysubor di nat es, t ot hi nkandacti n suchawayt hatt hr oughposi t i v ebehav i or , hegi v esr ealcont r i but i oni nachi ev i ngt he schoolgoal s( Ri v aiandMur ni ,2009) .The r ol eofl eader sasagent sofchangei sone t hatneedst obedev el opedt oi mpr ov et he qual i t y of schoolser v i ces.Qual i t y of schoolser v i ce i s det er mi ned byhow a l eaderper f or mt hei rdut i esandhowheor she af f ectt hei r subor di nat es t o wor k pr oper l yi n accor dance wi t h what i s desi r edt oachi ev et heschool goal s. Basedont het heor yt hathasbeen ment i oned,l eader shi pcanbedef i nedas t heabi l i t yt oi nf l uenceal lt hef ol l ower sor subor di nat esi nor dert odot hej obwi t h cooper at i on and mut ual suppor tf or

achi ev i ngt hepur pose.Becauseoft hat ,t o beal eaderneedshi ghl oy al t yandal way s pr ov i det hebestf ort hesubor di nat es. Ev er y per son ( pr i nci pal ) , hav e a " st y l e" i n di r ect i ng subor di nat es, but because pr i nci pal ’ s l eader shi p st y l e af f ect sschool sgr eat l yt hent hel eader shi p st y l eneedst ogetser i ousat t ent i oni nt he school .Leader shi pst y l ei sr el at edt ohow t oi nf l uencesubor di nat esandt o del i v er and t oi mpl ementhi si deas and how l eader s gi v e or del egat e t r ust and aut hor i t i es t o hi s subor di nat es ( Get ol , 2012) .Ther ef or e,t hel eader shi pbehav i or shown i n t he manager i al pr ocess consi st ent l ycal l ed l eader shi p st y l e.The l eader shi pst y l ei show t obehav et y pi cal ofal eadert ohi ssubor di nat es.Thust he l eader shi p st y l ei st he way how t he l eader s behav e consi st ent l y wi t h t he empl oy ee as a memberoft he gr oup ( Wahy udi ,2009) .One oft he l eader shi p st y l est hatar ef av or edbyt het eacheri s democr at i c.Democr at i cmeanst eacher s ar egi v enf r eedom t oexpr essi deasand usedel i ber at i ont or eachcompr omi se. I ti si nev i t abl et hati n or gani zi ng educat i oni nt heschool ,t heschoolwoul d need a l eaderwho coul d be i nv i t ed t o communi cat e,i nt er act ,andt akeapol i cy based on mut ual under st andi ng and di scussi on.Pr i nci pal ’ sst y l eofl eader shi p st y l eneedst obedev el opedi nschool s, especi al l y i n maki ng t hem abl e t o communi cat e, i nt er actandt aket hepol i cy , becauset het eacher sandadmi ni st r at i v e st af f needs a har moni ous r el at i onshi p bet ween l eader s and subor di nat es i n car r y i ng out dai l y dut i es i n school . Ther ef or e,i nt hi sst udyi ti si mpor t antt o see t he school l eader shi p st y l e,and i nf l uenceofpr i nci pal s’l eader shi pst y l eon t he school s i nnov at i on, especi al l y i n Jambi ci t y .

©2016byAl Ta' l i m Jour nal Al l r i ghtr eser v ed.Thi swor ki sl i censedunder( CCBYSA)

54 | Vol ume23, Number1, Febr uar y, 2016, Page5264

I n addi t i on,sev er alot hert hi nker s pr ov i deadef i ni t i onofl eader shi pst y l eand amongot her si sf orexampl eTof anAgung EkaP( 2009)t hatl eader shi pst y l ecanbe def i ned as a speci al appear ance or char act er i st i csofal eader shi p.Leader shi p st y l ei s an i mpor t antf act ori nr unni ng l eader shi pef f ect i v eness.I nor gani zat i ons, l eader shi p st y l e appl i cat i on means t hat someoneabl et oi nf l uencet heat t i t udes and behav i or of t hei r subor di nat es ( empl oy ees)sot heycandot hei rj obwel l . Leader shi p i n an or gani zat i on occur s becauset her ei sani nt er act i onbet ween t he t hr ee i mpor t antcomponent s ofan or gani zat i on:l eader s,subor di nat es and t hesi t uat i onorcer t ai nwor ki ngcondi t i ons. TheI mpor t anceofLeader shi pSt y l e St y l e i s a nat ur e, char act er or pr opensi t yofal eaderi nt hel eadort he use of power and pol i ci es i n an or gani zat i on.St y l eofal eaderi nl eadi ng, gener al l y di f f er f r om one anot her dependi ng on t henat ur e,char act erand t endenci esorsi t uat i onf aci ngal eaderi n t hel ead.Samsu( 2014)hasexpl ai nedt hat i nI ndonesi ancont ext ,cr y si sofuswat un hasanah( soci alt r ust )hasoccur edi nt hi s t i me,i twi l lcauset henat i on i sl ostof l eader shi pf i gur et hat he/ she can be r ef er enced i n al ll i f e and l eader shi p aspect s.I ti sbecausel eader shi pandhow t oknowt hel eader shi pst y l ei si mpor t ant . The Leader shi p St y l e of Pr i nci pal si n Jambici t y The schoolpr i nci pali st he most i mpor t antper son att he uni tl ev elof educat i on( school s) , becauseofi t sr ol eas a l eader , manager and school admi ni st r at or s.Theschoolpr i nci pali st he hi ghestposi t i onatt heseni orhi ghschool l ev el , appoi nt ed by t he Pr ov i nci al

Educat i on Depar t ment , as wel l as r esponsi bl ef orwhati shappeni ngi nt he school andi t ssur r oundi ngs. Thel eader shi pst y l eofal eadermust beadapt edt ot hesi t uat i on, t henat ur eand behav i or of t he peopl e bei ng l ed. Ther ef or e,be an ef f ect i v el eader ,one mustnotonl yembr aceal eader shi pst y l e onl y ,butt hel eadermustbef l exi bl et o choose a st y l e of l eader shi pt hat i s ot her wi se deemed appr opr i at ef or t he pur posesoft heor gani zat i on. To bean ef f ect i v el eadernotonl y t hey hav et o adopta cer t ai n st y l e of l eader shi p butt heyshoul d be combi ne onel eader shi p st y l ewi t h anot her .Each l eader shi p st y l e has adv ant ages and di sadv ant agesofeach.Soi ti sdi f f i cul tt o det er mi ne whi ch l eader shi p st y l ei st he best , t hat ’ scombi ni ngt hem i samust . Themosti mpor t antt hi ngi st hata l eadershoul di nt el l i gent l ydet er mi newhat l eader shi p st y l e shoul d be appl i ed i n ci r cumst ances bei ng f aced i n t he or gani zat i on or a l eader . Somet i mes becausei fal eaderonl yusesonest y l eof l eader shi p i t woul d makes some subor di nat esf eel st hatt hel eadernotabl e t o sol v e al l pr obl ems, onl y cer t ai n pr obl ems.Yeti ti s pr eci sel yi n cer t ai n ci r cumst ances ( per haps ar e ur gent or cr i t i cal )t hatcer t ai nl eader shi p st y l ei s usef ulf ort heor gani zat i on.Thedi l emma i st hatnotev er yl eadercanchanget hei r l eader shi pst y l est osui tcer t ai nsi t uat i ons or pr obl ems, whi l e t he change of l eader shi p st y l es i n or dert o sui tev er y pr obl ems i si mpor t ant t o sust ai nt he or gani zat i onandgai nsuppor t sf r om t he subor di nat es. Pr i nci pall eader shi p st y l ei n Jambi ci t ynowi smor eor i ent edont hei ndi v i dual



st y l eofeachpr i nci pal ,notsy st emi cand or gani zat i onal l y .As a r esul t ,i ndi v i dual school scannotbedet ect ed usi ng what l eader shi p st y l e.I npr act i ce,t hi spr ov es t hat t he i nnov at i v e school i s hi ghl y dependenton owned pr i nci pal .I nt he ev entofschoolpr i nci palr ot at i on,t he schoolwi l lhav eani mpactoni nnov at i on. Thoughagoodschoolmustcont i nuet o doi nnov at eschooli nor dert ot hequal i t y ofschoolmanagementcan be r eal i zed wel l . I nnov at i onSchool Today t he t er m i nnov at i on i n or gani zat i onall i f ei ncr easi ngl ybecomes i mpor t ant ,becauseeachper sonbasi cal l y cannot escape f r om t he l i f e of t he or gani zat i on.Pr escot tW,& Hoy l e E as quot ed byHasi buan ( 2004)st at es t hat i nnov at i oncanbeunder st oodi nadoubl e sense.Fi r st l y ,t he meani ng seen i nt he f or m ofcommonnouni s:" anew obj ect , i deaorpr act i ce" .Secondl y ,asanabst r act noun, namel y :' ' apr ocessi nwhi chani dea,

obj ectornew pr act i ces r ai sed t ot he sur f aceandwasadopt edbyi ndi vi dual sor gr oups” .

Thi spr ocessst ar tf r om t hef i ndi ngs ( i nv ent i on)f ol l owed byt hedev el opment pr ocess,and t he pr ocess ofadopt i on" . I nnov at i oni soneoft hewor dst hatar e of t enusedi nl eader shi p,i nnov at i onand l eader shi p ev en v er y wel l al i gned. Leader shi p al way s has some f ocus t o r eal i zeabet t erf ut ur e.I nt hi scase,t he l eaderi sal way si nnov at i v e. The i ssues of i nnov at i on i n or gani zat i onall i f e ar ei nsepar abl ef r om t he f our ki nds of f act or s,namel y 1) i nnov at or sar er ef er r ed t o asagent sof change,2)t hei nnov at i oni t sel f ,3)peopl e ori nst i t ut i onst hatadopti nnov at i ons,and 4) t he i nnov at i on pr ocess i t sel ft akes manyt i me( Har r i s,Lown,&Pr esscot tw, ( Ed)i nLi asHasi buan,2004) .Eachoneof

t hese f act or si s descr i bed byHasi buan ( 2004)asf ol l ows. 1)Agentofchange I nnov at or s can be def i ned as a per sonorcer t ai npar t i eswhobor e/ br i ng i nnov at i on,namel yi nt he f or m ofnew i deas or pr act i ces.Based on st udi es Roger snot edt hatt hegr oupofi nnov at or as shown i nt he f r equency di st r i but i on t abl ewasonl yar ound2. 5% onl y( Roger s i nLi asHasi buan,2004) .Thi sshowst hat t hesocal l edgr oupsofi nnov at or sar enot many i n number . Fur t her Hasi buan expl ai ned t hatwe can under st and t he l i mi t at i on of t he number or gr oup of i nnov at or s,r esul t i ng i ni deas and new pr act i cesonl yaf ew whounder st andi t . Theexi st enceoft hesel i mi t at i onsr equi r es i nnov at or st odi ssemi nat ei deasandnew pr act i ces i nt ot he soci alv al ue sy st em. Thi ssoci al i zat i onr equi r est hewi sdom of i nnov at or s,i fi ti s not ;i deas and new pr act i cesof t enf i ndf ai l ur esi nt hepr ocess ofadopt i on. 2)I nnov at i on Roger si n Hasi buan ( 2004)r ev eal s t hat t her e ar e f i v e char act er i st i cs of i nnov at i ont hatdet er mi nest hesuccessof t he i nnov at i on i t sel f .The f i f t h oft hese char act er i st i cs ar e: ( a) t he r el at i v e adv ant ageder i v edf r om ani nnov at i on,( b) Compl i ance i nnov at i on wi t ht he v al ues andsoci al nor mst hatexi stont headopt er , ( c)I nnov at i on mustbe t est ed,( d)The compl exi t y of t he i nnov at i on, ( e) I nnov at i on can be seen by pr ospect i v e adopt eri nnov at i on. 3) Per sons or i nst i t ut i ons t hat adopt i nnov at i ons An i nnov at i on can be adopt ed by i ndi v i dual s ori nst i t ut i ons ( gr oups) .The adopt i onpr ocessshoul dul t i mat el ybr i ng t he i nst i t ut i onal i zat i on ofnew el ement s i nt ot he l i f e sy st em of i ndi v i dual s or



gr oups( i nst i t ut i onal i zed) . 4)Thepr ocessofi nnov at i on Thei nnov at i onpr ocesst akespl ace i n f our st ages, namel y i nv ent i on, dev el opment ,di f f usi on and adopt i on.At t hi sst ageoft hei nv ent i on,t hepr ocessof i nnov at i on r equi r es i nnov at or st hatt he i nv ent ort ogi v ebi r t ht oani deaornew pr act i ces.Att hi sl ev eli nnov at or( i nv ent or ) i s def i ned as t he dy nami c per sonal cr eat i v e,ev en cont r ov er si alt o comeup wi t hi deasornewpr act i ces. Ther e ar e sev er al f act or s t hat f aci l i t at eori mpedei nnov at i on,t oi dent i f y f act or st hatr egul at eposi t i v eandnegat i v e r esul t sofi nnov at i onf ori ndi v i dual sand gr oups when t hey t ake t he r i sk t o be i nv ol v edi ni nnov at i v eact i v i t i es.Fi r sti st he behav i oroft hei nnov at i on.I ti sr equi r ea wi der angeofcogni t i v eandsoci opol i t i cal ef f or t sandi nv est ment swhi chmayl eadt o success or f ai l ur e, hi gh or l ow per f or mance i nt he execut i on ofdut y , conf l i ct ,posi t i v eornegat i v ewor kat t i t ude and hi gh or l ow l ev el s of wel l bei ng, Second i s ski l l s and at t i t udes of empl oy eesar ei nnov at i v e.Cogni t i v eand i nt er per sonal ski l l s, a wi l l i ngness t o di scussandr esol v edi sput eswi l lf aci l i t at e i nnov at i onandr educet heoccur r enceof conf l i ct .Thi r di st hepr ocessgr oupofcowor ker si nt het eam.I nnov at i oni sr ar el y t he r esul t of one i ndi v i dual act i v i t y , cooper at i oni sv er yi mpor t ant .Ther i ght t eam knowl edge,ski l l sand abi l i t i eswi l l af f ectt hepr ocessoft hegr oup,i ncl udi ng conf l i ctmanagementski l l s,col l abor at i v e pr obl emsol v i ng ski l l s, communi cat i on ski l l s, goal set t i ng and per f or mance assessmentski l l s.The ef f ect i v eness of t hegr oupwi l lbeenhancedwi t ht hecl ar i t y andcommi t mentt ocommongoal sand par t i ci pat i oni ndeci si onmaki ng.Di v er si t y

gr oup and t eam owner shi p ar e t wo char act er i st i cs oft he t eam t hatshoul d suppor ti nnov at i onposi t i v er esul t s.Four t h i sl eader shi p st y l e.I nnov at or sneed t he aut onomyoft her ul esandpr ocedur esof t heor gani zat i on.Par t i ci pat i onanddi r ect suppor twi l lst i mul at et he behav i orof i nnov at i v e wor k,whi ch i s par t i ci pat i v e l eader shi pt hatwoul di mpl yt heexi st ence ofconsul t at i onanddel egat i on,aswel las suppor tr el at i ng t ot he r ecogni t i on and pr ov i si onofr esour cest oi nnov at e, andt he f i f t h, t he or gani zat i onal cont ext al so af f ect st he r esul t s oft he behav i orof i nnov at i v e wor k.I tcan be consi der ed negat i v ei fi ti mpedei nnov at i onoccur s,or posi t i v ei fi tcan pr omot e a cul t ur e of i nnov at i on. Suppor tf or changi ng, f ocus on cust omer s ( st akehol der s) and or gani zat i onal l ear ni ng ar e t he t hr ee char act er i st i cs ofor gani zat i onalcont ext t hatcont r i but est oacul t ur eofi nnov at i on. Suppor tf orchangei scr uci ali nt hef aceof pot ent i al conf l i ct s ar i si ng f r om t he i nnov at i on. I nt hi sar t i cl e,t her ear et enst y l esof l eader shi pt hatwi l lbeexami ned,namel y : 1) par t i ci pat i v e, 2) l ai ssez f ai r e, 3) aut hor i t ar i an, 4) democr at i c, 5) char i smat i c, 6) t r ansf or mat i onal , 7) si t uat i onal ,8)t r ust ,9)gr i d,and10)t hr eedi mensi onal l eader shi pst y l es. Resear chpur poses I nv est i gat i ngl eader shi pst y l eswhi ch ar eusedbypr i nci pal si nJambici t ywi l l pr ov i dear ealf eedbackt ot hi sf or m of i nnov at i ont hatr unt hepr i nci palatt hei r r espect i v e school s. Thi s ar t i cl e wi l l exami ne t he pr obl ems posed by t he condi t i onofi nnov at i onl eader shi pst y l eof t hepr i nci pal .I not herwor ds, t hi sst udywi l l



hi ghl i ghtaboutt hel eader shi pst y l ewhi ch i spr act i cedbyt hepr i nci pal si nJambici t y . Ther ef or e,t hi sar t i cl eseekst oanswert he f ol l owi ngquest i ons1)Whati st hest y l eof pr i nci pall eader shi pi nseni orhi ghschool i n Jambici t y ?2)How does i nnov at i on happeni nseni orhi ghschooli nJambici t y dur i ng t hi st i me? ,and 3) I st her ea si gni f i cantdi f f er encebet weent heschool l eader shi pst y l et oi nnov at i onseni orhi gh school i nJambi ci t y ?

METHOD Thi s ar t i cl e used mi xed met hods appr oach,t he quant i t at i v e dat a as t he mai n dat a, whi l e qual i t at i v e dat a as suppor t i ngdat at oexpl ai nt hef i ndi ngsof exi st i ngr esear ch, sot hateachoft hedat a wi l lbeanal y zedandt obet her esul t sof r esear ch( Cr eswel landCl ar k,2007) .The t y peofdat at hatwasusedi nt hef or m of i nf or mat i onobt ai nedt hr oughobser v at i on, i nt er v i ew,and quest i onnai r e.Asf ort he dat a sour ce t o obt ai n t he necessar y i nf or mat i on i nt hi s ar t i cl e consi st ed of pr i nci pal s as l eader s and t eacher s at seni orhi ghschool i nJambi ci t y . Ther ewer e32seni orhi ghschooli n Jambici t y be used as a l ocat i on f or r esear ch,namel y :1)SMANeger i1Jambi ci t y , 2)SMANeger i2Jambici t y , 3)SMAN 3Jambici t y ,4)SMAN 4Jambici t y ,5) SMAN5Jambici t y , 6)SMAN6Jambici t y , 7)MAN ModelJambici t y ,8)MAN 2 Sebr angofJambici t y , 9)MASNur ulFal ah Jambici t y ,10)MAS Mahdal i y ah Jambi ci t y , 11)MALJambici t y , 12)SMA7Jambi ci t y ,13)SMA 8 Jambici t y ,14)SMA Neger i9Jambici t y ,15)SMA Neger i10 Jambici t y ,16)MAS Al Khoi r i y ahJambi ci t y ,17)MAS As' ad Ol ak Kemang,18) MAS Nur ulI hsan Muhaj i r i n,19) SMA GUPPIJambici t y ,20)SMA11Jambici t y , 21)SMAFer diFer r yJambici t y ,22)SMA Per t i wiJambici t y ,23)SMA At Tauf i k

Jambici t y ,24)SMA Nur usshol ahJambi Ci t y ,25)SMK Neger i1Jambici t y ,26) SMK Yadi ka Jambi ci t y , 27) SMA Nusant ar aJambici t y ,28)SMA I XLur ah Jambici t y , 29)SMAAdhi y aksaJambici t y , 30)SMA 2 MeiJambici t y ,31)SMA Bai t ur r ahi m Jambici t yand32)SMA Al Fal ahJambi ci t y . Thet ot alpopul at i onoft eacher swho st udi ed t o pr ov i de a r esponse t ot he pr i nci pal ' sl eader shi pst y l ei nr el at i ont o i nnov at i on schoolwas 32 peopl e.Each t eacher was consul t ed t hr ough a quest i onnai r et oseet hel eader shi pst y l e empl oy ed by t hei r school pr i nci pal s r espect i v el y ,whi l et het ot alsampl eused asmanyas64peopl econsi st i ngof32 t eacher sand32pr i nci pal s;spr eadona seni orhi ghschooli nJambici t y .Toobt ai n qual i t at i v edat aal soi nt er v i ewedpr i nci pal s as l eader si nt hei rr espect i v et o seni or hi ghschool .Sel ect i onwasdonet hr ough st r at i f i edr andom sampl i ng.Accor di ngt o Chua( 2006)sel ect i ngt hr oughast r at i f i ed r andom sampl i ng means doi ng i ti n i sol at i on,i nt hi scase t he t eacher sand pr i nci pal s ofexi st i ng and sel ect ed as sampl es. Techni queofDat aCol l ect i on The pr ocess of col l ect i ng and anal y zi ng dat ai s an i mpor t antst ep t o guar ant ee t he success or f ai l ur e of r esear ch. I n t hi s st udy , t he mai n i nf or mat i on was i nf or mat i on obt ai ned di r ect l yf r om t hesampl et hr oughaci r cul ar quest i onnai r e,whi chi t sel fwasbasedon t heper cept i onofr espondent sanswer ed. Resear cherusedquest i onnai r e,i nt er v i ew, obser v at i on and document at i on i n col l ect i ngdat a. Dat aAnal y si s Dat a anal y si si st he pr ocess of cat egor i zat i on,or gani zat i on,mani pul at i on, andsummar i zi ngdat at oobt ai nanswer s t o quest i ons r esear ch ( Ker l i nger ,1998) .



Dat aanal y si sper f or medi nt hi sst udyhad t woshadesofanal y si s,i eanal y zi ngt he t i met oshar pent hev al i di t yofdat a,and anal y si st hr ought hei nt er pr et at i onoft he ov er al l dat a. Quant i t at i v eDat aAnal y si s Quant i t at i v e dat a anal y si s was per f or med t hr ough quant i t at i v e descr i pt i v e anal y si s,meani ng t he ent i r e sheetquest i onnai r eexami nedonebyone and t hen ev er y choi ce ofr espondent s r esear ched and summed t ol ook f ora per cent age. Scor e assessment was car r i edoutt hr oughaLi ker tscal e. Thequant i t at i v edat aanal y si swas done f i r stf ol l owed by t he anal y si s of qual i t at i v edat at ogi v emor emeani ngt o t hepr i nci pal ' sl eader shi pst y l e( seni orhi gh school )i n Jambi ci t y . Fol l owi ng t he opi ni on ofSambas ( 2007)anal y si s of st at i st i caldat a whi ch was used i nt hi s st udy was descr i pt i v e st at i st i cal dat a anal y si s and i nf er ence. Descr i pt i v e st at i st i caldat aanal y si st hati snor mal l y used i s t he per cent age of dat a pr esent at i on,f r equency ,mean,st andar d dev i at i on,medi anormode.Ther ef or e,i n t hi s descr i pt i v e dat a anal y si s, dat a pr esent at i onwhi chwasdonewast hr ough t he mean and st andar d dev i at i on,whi l e t hei nf er encest at i st i caldat aanal y si st o anal y zet hedat ausi ngPear soncor r el at i on and l i nearr egr essi on.The pur pose of descr i pt i v e anal y si s and st at i st i cal i nf er encewast ogener at ei nf er enceand gener al i zat i on oft he r esear ch f i ndi ngs. Thequest i onnai r edat awer eanal y zedby meansofencodi ngandi nser t i ngi ti nt o t he comput er .Dat af ort he pr i nci pal ' s l eader shi pst y l escor esi nJambici t yal so ent er ed i nt o a comput er f or anal y si s. Sof t war e St at i st i calPackage f orSoci al Sci ence( SPSS)v er si on12. 0wasusedt o

anal y zet hedat a. Descr i pt i v e anal y si s whi ch out l i ned t heov er al lst at usoft hest udypopul at i on t hat ai ms t o pr ov i de a pr el i mi nar y descr i pt i on of t he pr of i l e of t he r espondent s was seni or hi gh school t eacher st hr oughoutJambici t y .St at i st i cs used wer ef r equency and per cent age. Descr i pt i v e st at i st i cs al so out l i ned t he v ar i abl esofschooli nnov at i on.St at i st i cs used wer e mean, st andar d dev i at i on. I nt er pr et at i onmeanscor esusedwer eas i nt abl e1bel ow: Tabl e1.I nt er pr et at i onScor eMean MeanScor e I nt er pr et at i on 1. 00–1. 79 Ver yl ow 1. 80–2. 59 Low 2. 60–3. 39 Medi um 3. 40–4. 19 Hi gh 4. 20–5. 00 Ver yhi gh Sour ce: Sambas&Maman( 2007) . Mean scor es i nt er pr et at i on whi ch wasmadebyt hei nt er pr et at i onmadeby SambasandMaman( 2007) .Accor di ngt o t hem scor es mean 4. 20 -5. 00 shows r espondent sagr eeatt hi sst agei sv er y hi gh, scor esmean3. 40–4. 19att hest age ofhi ghscor esmean2. 60– 3. 39att he st age ofmedi um,scor es mean 1. 80 – 2. 59att hest ageofl owandscor esmean 1. 00-1. 79att hest agei sv er yl owont he pr i nci pall eader shi p st y l e( seni or hi gh school )i nJambici t y , whi l et heanal y si sof i nf er ence i s used t o see what r el at i onshi psexi stbet weent hev ar i abl es bei ng st udi ed i st hedependentv ar i abl e ( t he st y l e ofpr i nci pall eader shi p)and i ndependentv ar i abl es( schooli nnov at i on) . The anal y si sused i nt hi sst udyar e:( i ) Pear soncor r el at i onanal y si s, and( i i )l i near r egr essi onanal y si s.



RESEARCHFI NDI NGSANDDI SCUSSI ONS The r esear ch f i ndi ngs obt ai ned t o answert hepr obl em f or mul at i onusedi n t he st udy :1)How does t he pr i nci pal ' s l eader shi pst y l eatseni orhi ghschooli n Jambi ci t y ? 2) How does i nnov at i on occur satt heseni orhi ghschooli nJambi ci t ydur i ngt hi st i me?and3)I st her ea si gni f i cantdi f f er encebet weenpr i nci pal ’ s l eader shi pst y l eoft heseni orhi ghschool i nnov at i oni nJambi ci t y ? The f i r st and second quest i ons answer ed t hr ough st at i st i calanal y si sof descr i pt i v e anal y si st o det er mi ne mean andst andar ddev i at i ont oseet hest ages of l eader shi p st y l e and i nnov at i on of exi st i ng schoolpr i nci pal s conduct ed by t he l eader shi p st y l e st udi ed.The t hi r d r esear ch quest i on ex ami ned t hr ough i nf er encet hatacor r el at i onanal y si st osee t heef f ectoft heexi st i ngl eader shi pst y l e andexecut edbyt hepr i nci pal . Pr of i l eofRespondent s Thi s sect i on descr i bed t he basi c i nf or mat i onaboutt hebackgr ound( pr of i l e r espondent /sampl e)sel ect edov er al lby demogr aphi cf act or s( school ,andgender ) seni orhi ghschoolt eacher si nJambici t y , asout l i nedi nt abl e2bel ow: Tabl e2.Pr of i l eofRespondent s/ Sampl e Resear ch Cat egor y

Sampl e

Seni or hi gh school

Teacher Pr i nci pal

Educat i on Lev el N=64

Bachel or( S1) Magi st er( S2) Doct or / Ph. D ( S3)

Fr equenc y 32 32 54 10 -

The i nf or mat i on i n abov et abl e2 showedt hesampl ewer e64peopl ewho

ar egr oupedi nt wocat egor i esnamel y :( i ) t het eacherwer e32peopl eand( i i )t he pr i nci palasmanyas32peopl e.Fr om t hat number ,32peopl eser v ei npubl i cschool s and32peopl ewer ededi cat edatpr i v at e seni orhi ghschooli nJambici t y .Fort he cat egor yofeducat i ont her ewer easmany as54t eacher swhohadt heeducat i onal backgr ound of under gr aduat e( S1) ,10 peopl ewhohadmagi st er( S2)andnoone doct or al backgr ound( S3) . I nt hef ol l owi ngt abl eal soshowedas manyassi x( 6)pr i nci pal ssel ect edt obe i nt er v i ewed t o obt ai n qual i t at i v e dat a. Fr om a t ot alofsi x( 6)peopl e can be det ai l ed each of t he t hr ee ( 3) publ i c schoolpr i nci pal s( seni orhi ghschool )t o bemeasur edandt hr ee( 3)pr i v at eschool pr i nci pal s i nt er v i ewed t o obt ai n dat a suppor tort het r ut haboutt her esear ch quest i onsr ai sed. Fr om t hi r t y t wor espondentpr i nci pal s wer esel ect ed,t hechosent hr ee( 3)t he pr i nci pal ' s publ i c school s and t hr ee ( 3) pr i v at epr i nci palofseni orhi ghschoolwi t h t he r easons f or choosi ng t hese r espondent s t o be i nt er v i ewed was becauset hepr i nci palwast hepar t ymost r esponsi bl e conductt he l eader shi p and managementofschool sandmanyt asks r el at ed t o dev el opmentand t he r ol e of t eacher si nt heschool s. Tabl e3.Pr of i l eofRespondent st o I nt er v i ewed( Pr i nci pal ) Cat egor y Seni or hi gh school Educat i on Lev el

Sampl e Pr i nci pal

Fr equency 6

Bachel or ( S1) Magi st er ( S2) Doct or / Ph. D ( S3)

1 5 -

N=32 Pr i nci palLeader shi pSt y l eI nSeni orHi gh



Schooli nJambiCi t ybyOv er al l I nt hi ssect i onwer epor tt her esul t s ofadescr i pt i v est udybasedont hescor es mean and st andar d dev i at i on oft he10 ( t en)pr i nci pal sl eader shi pst y l e,t heyar e: 1) par t i ci pat i on, 2) l ai ssez f ai r e, 3) aut hor i t ar i an, 4) democr acy , 5) char i smat i c, 6) t r ansf or mat i onal , 7) si t uat i onal ,8)t r ust ,9)gr i d,and10)t hr eedi mensi onal . Pr i nci pal l eader shi p st y l e v ar i abl est udi edbasedont hel eader shi p st y l e.Ther ear e3i t emseachst at ementt o expl ai nabout10pr i nci pall eader shi pst y l e. Fr om t he st udy showed t he f ol l owi ng r esul t s. Tabl e4.Pr i nci pal ’ sLeader shi pSt y l eatov er al l Leader shi pst y l es 1)Par t i ci pat i v e 2)Lai ssezFai r e 3)Aut or i t ar an 4)Demokr at i c 5)Char i smat i c 6)Tr ansf or mat i onal 7)Si t uat i onal 8)Tr ust 9)Gr i d 10)Thr eeDi ment i on Tot al SD=St andar ddev i at i on

Seni orHi ghSchool i nJambici t y Mean

SD

I nt er pr et at i on

4. 19 3. 46 2. 73 4. 19 4. 19 4. 18 3. 90 4. 36 4. 06 3. 48 3. 87

0. 69 0. 97 1. 13 0. 78 0. 79 0. 69 0. 73 0. 58 0. 65 0. 83 0. 78

Hi gh Hi gh Medi um Hi gh Hi gh Hi gh Hi gh Ver yhi gh Hi gh Hi gh Hi gh

Thei nf or mat i oni nt abl e4showed t hatt he seni orhi gh schooll eader shi p st y l easawhol ei nJambici t ywer eathi gh st ages.Mean scor e seni orhi gh school pr i nci pal ' sl eader shi pst y l ei nJambici t y ( mean = 3. 87) .Based on i nf or mat i on obt ai ned f r om t abl e 4 i t coul d be f or mul at edt hatont hewhol el eader shi p st y l eatt heseni orhi ghschoolpr i nci pali n Jambi ci t yappr ov edatt hehi ghst age.

The l at esti nnov at i on happens athi gh schooli nJambici t y The r esul t s showed t hat t he i nnov at i on as t he i nf l uence of t he pr i nci pal ' sl eader shi pst y l et hatoccur r ed at seni or hi gh school i n Jambi ci t y st at i st i cal l y( descr i pt i v est at i st i cs)wer ei n medi um st agest hatcanbedescr i bedas f ol l ows:

Tabl e5.Seni orHi ghSchool I nnov at i onatJambi ci t y ©2016byAl Ta' l i m Jour nal Al l r i ghtr eser v ed.Thi swor ki sl i censedunder( CCBYSA)


Seni orHi ghSchool I nnov at i on I nJambici t y School pr i nci pal t odoi nnov at eschool Yourschool pr i nci pal sat t achgr eati mpor t ancet o i nnov at i oni nt hef i el dofacademi cachi ev ementi n school Yourschool pr i nci pal sat t achgr eati mpor t ancet o i nnov at i oni nt hef i el dofspor t Yourschool pr i nci pal sat t achgr eati mpor t ancet o i nnov at i oni nt hef i el dofi nst i t ut i onal Yourschool pr i nci pal sat t achgr eati mpor t ancet o i nnov at i oni nt hef i el dofschool cul t ur e Tot al SD=St andar ddev i at i on Fr om t he r esear ch dat a obt ai ned showed t hat t he pr i nci pal ' s r ol e i n i nnov at i on was athi gh st age ( mean = 3. 25) ,butt hef or m oft hei nnov at i onf i el d ofacademi cachi ev ement( mean=2. 62) , spor t( mean = 3. 21) ,i nst i t ut i onal( 3: 25) and schoolcul t ur e( mean = 3. 15) at medi um st ages. Basedont hef i ndi ngsoft hi sst udy i ndi cat edt hatt hei nnov at i onsmadebyt he pr i nci palatt he seni orhi gh schooli n Jambici t yas ov er al lwas suf f i ci entt o r eal i zeasuper i orandi nnov at i v eschool .

Dur i ngt het i me Mean SD I nt er pr et at i on 3. 25 0. 43 Hi gh 2. 62 0. 60 Medi um 3. 21 0. 49

Medi um

3. 25 0. 43

Medi um

3. 15 0. 62

Medi um

3. 09 0. 51

Medi um

The Ef f ect of School ’ s Pr i nci pal Leader shi p St y l e agai nst Seni or Hi gh SchoolI nnov at i oni nJambici t y Thi s sect i on descr i bed r esear ch r esul t s by usi ng Pear son cor r el at i on anal y si saboutt hel eader shi pst y l eoft he pr i nci palof t he t en st y l es of school l eader shi p.Acqui r ed t hese r esul t s wer e usedt oanswer / pr ov et heanswert ot he hy pot hesi s H0 can be expr essed as descr i bedi nt abl e6.

Tabl e 6.The Ef f ectofSchool ’ s Leader shi p St y l e agai nstSeni orHi gh School I nnov at i oni nJambi Ci t y TheEf f ectSchool ’ sLeader shi pSt y l e I nt er pr et at i on Leader shi pst y l es Cor el at i on Hy pot hesi s( Si g. ) ( Hy pot hesi s) 1)Par t i ci pat i v e 0. 20 ( 0. 25) beaccept ed 2)Lai ssezFai r e 0, 18 0. 30 beaccept ed 3)Aut or i t ar an 0, 24 0, 17 beaccept ed 4)Demokr at i c 0, 01 0, 93 beaccept ed ©2016byAl Ta' l i m Jour nal Al l r i ghtr eser v ed.Thi swor ki sl i censedunder( CCBYSA)


TheEf f ectSchool ’ sLeader shi pSt y l e 5)Char i smat i c 0, 01 0. 93 beaccept ed 6)Tr ansf or mat i onal 0, 30 0, 08 beaccept ed 7)Si t uat i onal 0, 09 0, 62 beaccept ed 8)Tr ust 0, 14 0, 44 beaccept ed 9)Gr i d 0, 02 0, 91 beaccept ed 10)Thr eedi ment i on 0, 10 0, 58 beaccept ed df=( n2) ; n=r espondent s; ρ>0. 05( ά)=hy pot hesi si sr ej ect ed ρ>0. 05( ά)=hy pot hesi si saccept ed Based on Pear son cor r el at i on anal y si si nt abl e 6 showed t hat t he i nf l uenceoft hepr i nci pal ' sl eader shi pst y l e ofpar t i ci pat i v el eader shi p st y l et ot he i nnov at i onofschoolwasatasi gni f i cant st ageandcor r el at i oni ndi cat esaposi t i v e di r ect i on ( r= 0: 20,ρ> 0. 05) .Ther ef or e, t her e was a si gni f i cant r el at i onshi p bet weenpar t i ci pat i v el eader shi pst y l eof t he pr i nci paloft he seni orhi gh school i nnov at i oni nJambici t y .Thi sshowedt hat t hehy pot hesi swasaccept ed( si g. 0. 25) .I n ot herwor ds,t hehy pot hesi sst at ed t hat t her e was an i nf l uence bet ween par t i ci pat i v el eader shi p st y l e ofschool pr i nci palatseni orhi ghschooli nnov at i on i nJambi ci t yi spr ov en.

Pear son cor r el at i on anal y si s based ont abl e6showedt hatt hei nf l uenceof t he pr i nci pal ' sl eader shi p st y l e of an aut hor i t ar i anl eader shi pst y l et ot heschool i nnov at i onwer eatsi gni f i cantst ages,but i tshowst hedi r ect i ont hatt henegat i v e cor r el at i on( r=0. 24,ρ>0. 05) .Ther ef or e, t her e was no si gni f i cant r el at i onshi p bet weent heaut hor i t ar i anl eader shi pst y l e oft he pr i nci palt o schooli nnov at i on i n Jambi ci t y . Thi s showed t hat t he hy pot hesi s was r ej ect ed ( r= 0. 24 / si g. 0. 17) .I not herwor ds,t hehy pot hesi s st at ed t hat t her e was an i nf l uence bet weent heaut hor i t ar i anl eader shi pst y l e ofpr i nci palt oschooli nnov at i oni nJambi ci t ywasnotpr ov en.

Pear son cor r el at i on anal y si s based ont abl e6showedt hatt hei nf l uenceof t hel ai ssezf ai r el eader shi p st y l eoft he pr i nci palt ot heschooli nnov at i onar eat si gni f i cant st ages,but i t showed t he di r ect i ont hatt henegat i v ecor r el at i on( r=0. 18,ρ>0. 05) .Ther ef or e,t her ewasno si gni f i cantr el at i onshi p bet ween l ai ssez f ai r el eader shi pst y l eoft hepr i nci pal t ot he seni orhi ghschool i nnov at i oni nJambi ci t y . Thi s showed t hatt he hy pot hesi s was r ej ect ed ( r= 0. 18 /si g. 0. 30) .I n ot her wor ds,t he hy pot hesi sst at ed t hatt her e was an i nf l uence bet ween l ai ssez f ai r e l eader shi p st y l et o schooli nnov at i on i n Jambi ci t yi snotpr ov en.

Pear son cor r el at i on anal y si s based ont abl e6showedt hatt hei nf l uenceof t he democr at i cl eader shi p st y l e oft he pr i nci palt ot heschooli nnov at i onwer eat si gni f i cant st ages,but i t showed t he di r ect i ont hatt henegat i v ecor r el at i on( r=0. 01,ρ>0. 05) .Ther ef or e,t her ewasno si gni f i cant r el at i onshi p bet ween democr at i c l eader shi p st y l es of t he pr i nci palf orschooli nnov at i oni nJambi ci t y .Thi sshowedt hatt hehy pot hesi swas r ej ect ed ( r= 0. 01 /si g. 0. 93) .I n ot her wor ds,t he hy pot hesi s st at es t hatt her e wasani nf l uencebet weent hedemocr at i c l eader shi p st y l e ofpr i nci palt o school i nnov at i oni nJambi ci t ywasnotpr ov en.



Pear son cor r el at i on anal y si s based ont abl e6showedt hatt hei nf l uenceof char i smat i cl eader shi pst y l et ot heschool i nnov at i onwer eatsi gni f i cantst ages,but i tshowedt hedi r ect i ont hatt henegat i v e cor r el at i on( r=0. 01,ρ>0. 05) .Ther ef or e, t her e was no si gni f i cant r el at i onshi p bet ween char i smat i cl eader shi p st y l eof t he pr i nci palf or schooli nnov at i on i n Jambi ci t y . Thi s shows t hat t he hy pot hesi s was r ej ect ed ( r= 0. 01 / si g. 0. 93) .I not herwor ds,t hehy pot hesi s st at ed t hat t her e was an i nf l uence bet ween char i smat i cl eader shi p st y l eof schoolpr i nci palt o schooli nnov at i on i n Jambi ci t ywasnotpr ov en. Pear son cor r el at i on anal y si s based ont abl e6showedt hatt hei nf l uenceof t r ansf or mat i onall eader shi p st y l et ot he school i nnov at i on wer e at si gni f i cant st ages, buti tshowedt hedi r ect i ont hatt he negat i v ecor r el at i on( r=0. 30,ρ>0. 05) . Ther ef or e, t her e was no si gni f i cant r el at i onshi p bet ween t r ansf or mat i onal l eader shi pst y l eoft hepr i nci palf orschool i nnov at i oni nJambici t y .Thi sshowedt hat t hehy pot hesi swasr ej ect ed( r=0. 30/ si g. 0. 08) .I not herwor ds,t hehy pot hesi s st at ed t hat t her e was an i nf l uence bet weent r ansf or mat i onall eader shi pst y l e oft he pr i nci palt o schooli nnov at i on i n Jambi ci t ywasnotpr ov en. Pear son cor r el at i on anal y si s based ont abl e6showedt hatt hei nf l uenceof si t uat i onall eader shi pst y l et ot heschool i nnov at i onwer eatsi gni f i cantst ages,but i tshowedt hedi r ect i ont hatt henegat i v e cor r el at i on( r=0. 09,ρ>0. 05) .Ther ef or e, t her e was no si gni f i cant r el at i onshi p bet weensi t uat i onall eader shi pst y l eoft he pr i nci palf orschooli nnov at i oni nJambi ci t y .Thi sshowedt hatt hehy pot hesi swas r ej ect ed ( r= 0. 09 /si g. 0. 62) .I n ot her wor ds,t he hy pot hesi sst at ed t hatt her e was an i nf l uence bet ween si t uat i onal l eader shi pst y l eoft hepr i nci palf orschool i nnov at i oni nJambi ci t ywasnotpr ov en.

Pear son cor r el at i on anal y si s based ont abl e6showedt hatt hei nf l uenceof t het r ustl eader shi pst y l eoft hepr i nci pal t owar ds i nnov at i on schoolwer e at a si gni f i cantst ageandcor r el at i oni ndi cat ed a posi t i v e di r ect i on ( r= 0. 14 ρ> 0. 05) . Ther ef or e, t her e was a si gni f i cant r el at i onshi pbet weent het r ustl eader shi p st y l eoft hepr i nci palt oschooli nnov at i on i n Jambici t y .Thi s showed t hat t he hy pot hesi s was accept ed ( r = 0. 14 / si g. 0. 44) .I not herwor ds,t hehy pot hesi s st at ed t hat t her e was an i nf l uence bet weent r ustl eader shi pst y l et oschool i nnov at i oni nJambi ci t ywaspr ov en. Pear son cor r el at i on anal y si s based ont abl e6showedt hatt hei nf l uenceof gr i dl eader shi pst y l ef orschooli nnov at i on was att he st age ofa si gni f i cantand posi t i v ecor r el at i oni ndi cat edt hedi r ect i on ( r=0: 02,ρ>0. 05) .Ther ef or e,t her ewasa si gni f i cantr el at i onshi pbet weenpr i nci pal ’ s gr i dl eader shi pst y l ef orschooli nnov at i on i n Jambici t y .Thi s showed t hat t he hy pot hesi s was accept ed ( r = 0. 02 / si g. 0. 91) .I not herwor ds,t hehy pot hesi s st at ed t hat t her e was an i nf l uence bet ween pr i nci pal ’ sgr i dl eader shi p st y l e f orschooli nnov at i oni nJambici t ywas pr ov en. Besi des t hat ,Pear son cor r el at i on anal y si sbasedont abl e6showedt hatt he i nf l uenceoft hr eedi mensi onall eader shi p st y l e f or school i nnov at i on wer e at si gni f i cant st ages,but i t showed t he di r ect i oni nt henegat i v ecor r el at i on( r=0. 10,ρ>0. 05) .Ther ef or e,t her ewasno si gni f i cant r el at i onshi p bet ween t hr eedi mensi onall eader shi pst y l esf orschool i nnov at i oni nJambici t y .Thi sshowedt hat t hehy pot hesi swasr ej ect ed( r=0. 10/ si g. 0. 58) .I not herwor ds,t hehy pot hesi s st at ed t hat t her e was an i nf l uence bet ween t hr eedi mensi onal l eader shi p st y l esf orschool si nnov at i oni nJambici t y wasnotpr ov en.



CONCLUSI ONANDECOMMENDATI ON Fr om r esear ch conduct ed can be summar i zed as f ol l ows:1) Pr i nci pal ’ s l eader shi pst y l ewhopr act i cedi nseni or hi ghschooli nJambici t ybyov er al lwer e athi ghst age( mean=3. 87) .Howev er ,i t was f ound t hatt he i mpl ement at i on of

t r ustl eader shi pst y l ebyov er al lwer eata v er yhi ghst age( mean=4. 36) ,wher eas t he aut hor i t ar i an l eader shi p st y l e by ov er al lwer e atmedi um st age ( mean = 2. 73) ,whi chcanbedescr i bedi nt abl e7 bel ow:

Tabl e7.Pr i nci pal ’ sl eader shi pst y l ei nseni orhi ghschool i nJambi ci t ybyov er al l Leader shi pSt y l es 1)Par t i ci pat i v e 2)Lai ssezFai r e 3)Aut or i t ar an 4)Demokr at i c 5)Char i smat i c 6)Tr ansf or mat i onal 7)Si t uat i onal 8)Tr ust 9)Gr i d 10)Thr eeDi ment i on Tot al SD=St andar ddev i at i on

Mean 4. 19 3. 46 2. 73 4. 19 4. 19 4. 18 3. 90 4. 36 4. 06 3. 48 3. 87

I nt abl e7,t hef i ndi ngsi ndi cat et hat t het en( 10)schoolpr i nci pal ’ sl eader shi p st y l es as ment i oned abov e hav e been pr act i ced by pr i nci pal s of seni or hi gh schooli n Jambici t y ,and i thas been pr act i sedatv er yhi ghst ageespeci al l yf or t r ustl eader shi pst y l e. I nnov at i onhappensi nseni orhi ghschool i nJambici t ydur i ngt hi st i me Basedont her esear chconduct edon t hei nnov at i ont hatoccur edi nseni orhi gh schooli nJambi ,t her esul t sobt ai nedcan be concl uded t hatt he i nnov at i on t hat occur ed atseni orhi ghschooli nJambi ci t yatt hest ageofmedi um ( mean=3. 09) . Fr om t her esear chdat aobt ai nedshowed t hatt hepr i nci pal ' sr ol ei ni nnov at i onwas athi ghst age( mean=3. 25) ,butt hef or m

Seni orHi ghSchool SD I nt er pr et at i on 0. 69 Hi gh 0. 97 Hi gh 1. 13 Medi um 0. 78 Hi gh 0. 79 Hi gh 0. 69 Hi gh 0. 73 Hi gh 0. 58 Ver yHi gh 0. 65 Hi gh 0. 83 Hi gh 0. 78 Hi gh

ofi nnov at i onsi mpl ement edi nt hear eas ofacademi cachi ev ement( mean=2. 62) , spor t( mean=3. 21) ,i nst i t ut i onal( mean= 3. 25) , andt heschool cul t ur e( mean=3. 15) ar e at medi um st age.Based on t he f i ndi ngsoft hi sst udyi ndi cat edt hatt he i nnov at i onshadmadebyt hepr i nci palat seni orhi gh schooli n Jambici t y as a whol ehav enotbeenadequat et oachi ev e super i orandi nnov at i v eschool . Si gni f i cantI nf l uencebet weenPr i nci pal ’ s Leader shi p St y l et o Seni orHi ghSchool I nnov at i oni nJambici t y Based on t he r esear ch f i ndi ngs t hr ough Pear son cor r el at i on anal y si s showed t hat out of t en ( 10) school l eader shi pst y l ewhi cht est edshowedt hat onl y par t i ci pat i v e l eader shi p st y l e



( si g. 0. 25) ,t r ustl eader shi pst y l e( si g. 0. 44) , andgr i dl eader shi pst y l e( si g. 0. 91)whi ch hy pot hesi swer eaccept ed( pr ov en) .Whi l e ot herst y l esofl eader shi p( 1)l ai ssezFai r e, 2) aut hor i t ar i an, 3) democr at i c, 4) char i smat i c, 5) t r ansf or mat i onal , 6) si t uat i onal , and7)t hr eedi mensi onal )wer e notaccept ed ( pr ov en) and ev en hav e negat i v er el at i onshi p. When connect ed t o t he t hi r d r esear chquest i onment i onedabov e, i tcan be concl uded t hat t he pr i nci pal has conduct edl eader shi pst y l e,andwasnot di r ect ed t oi nnov at e school .Thi s was ev i denced by t he r esul t s of st udi es showed t hatt he i nnov at i on schoolwas notsuf f i ci entt obeani nnov at i v eschool t hat was char act er i zed by si gni f i cant i nf l uenceoft hepr i nci pal ' sl eader shi pst y l e onl y t hr ee st y l es hav e posi t i v e r el at i onshi ps, besi det hatwer ei nnegat i v e. Based on t he f i ndi ngs t her e ar e somet hi ngst hatcanber ecommended f ort hei mpr ov ementofl eader shi pst y l es, t hey ar e:1)t he need f orr eor i ent at i on conduct edl eader shi pst y l et hatl eadst o i nnov at i onschooli nor dert oi mpr ov eat school ,especi al l yatseni orhi ghschooli n Jambici t y ,2)t he need f orl eader shi p ( pr i nci pal s) t o pr ov i de gui dance cont i nuousl y on t he r el ev ance,access, f or ms and medi at oi nnov at e wi t ht he schoolpr i nci palt hatgi v esgr eat erspace t ot heschool sandpr i nci pal st odev el op school i nnov at i on, 3) t he need cont i nuousl yt o be f ost er ed i nf or mat i on abouti nnov at i onspl annedbyt heschool t o be known l eader s, t eacher s and st udent s, andt hecommuni t y .

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