Anterior Superior I1 iac Spine Hci ght: Subjsct sits erect, upper arns re1 axed, ... the horizontal breadth berween tne-rigr;t 2nd left -. interior superior. ----A. -- iliac.
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DOT 1.12-801 638
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T c c h n i c n l kcport D o c u m e n t a t i o n P o y e
,
---------------
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3.
Government A c c e s s i o i i N o .
f ? o c i p ~ e n t ' sC o l a l o g N o .
--
-----------.----.------
A.i~thropomcl?tricDirnens.i.ons Represen.tative of A v e r a g e Thrc:e and S b 'Year Old C the Construction of Mastermoilel Body F o r m s ----.--J. W. Y O U ~1Z, ~J, T , McC: F I--e M , R e ~ r n o 3l ~ d . s A R . G , ~ ~ ~ ~ y d e r. ""
7*
9.
P e r i o r r n i n g O r g a r ~ t z c r t i o nNomi. a n d A d d r e s s
1. Civil A,erorncdieal Institute, FAA 2. Webb A s s o c i a t e s 3. Highway Safety R e s e a r c h Institute
-Nanie and A d d r e s s
15.
16.
U. S. D e p a r t m e n t of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n National. I-Iighway T r a f f i c Safety Admin.istration 400 Seventh S t r e e t , S W Washington, D, C , 20590 ~ ~ p ~ ~ o ~ e~ no tt e o sr yC 6 ? ~ ' ~ ~ ~ F i i ~ F & Survival L a b Civil Ae r o l ~ ~ e d i c aInstitute .1 0l.cla.homa City, 0klah.orna 7312 5
~
Abstract
M a s t e r m o d e l Body F o r m s w e r e c r e a t e d t o r e f l e c t the s i z e and shape of: the a v e r a g e t h r e e and s i x y e a r 01.d children.. The m a s t e r m o d e l s w e r e e r e c t e d on the b a s i s of available U,S, population d a t a a n d / o r e s t i m a t e s interpolated from such d a t a and on the b a s i s of the collective judgment of a panel of e x p e r t s in anthropoimetry. Ninety-eight dirne~lsioilswe r e generated. t o d e s c r i b e the e x t e r n a l morph.ology of the children. The d e s c r i p t i o n incl.udes dirn1:nsions and clefinitions f o r e a c h of the m e a s u r e m e n t s a s well. a s the a s s o c i a t e d l a n d m a r k definiti0n.s. A bibl.iographica1 r e f e r e n c e used for collation. of child anthropometry and a l i s t of o t h e r s e l e c t e d r e f e r e n c e s a r e attached, 1
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D i s t r i b u t i o n Stoferuierr~
through the National Technical Infozrmatio.l~S e r v i c e , S p r i n g f i e l d , V i r g i n . i a 22.1 61.
.------.-----S e c u r i t y C l a r s i f . (of t h i s r e p ~ ~ ~ )
Unclas s i fic?d Form
IXlI" [" 1700.7
(0-72)
LJnclassifj-ed
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Reproduction o f coniplcred pr~gcn v t h o r i z e d
i
I
1
Rapid d e v e l o p n ~ e n t si n the a r e a of c l ~ i l dr e s t r a i n t system.^ and the worldwide c l a m o r t o provide m o r e effective p r o t e c t i o n f o r children. i n the autoniotive c r a s h envj.ronrnent r c q u i r e the u s e of b e t t e r aizd more a c c u r a t e t e s t t o o l s
to a s s e s s the value and effectiveness of such restraint: s y s t e m s .
The
National Highway T r a f f i c Safety Adr~iinis t rat;ion h a s initiated a numl3e r of a c t i o n s designed t o i111prov.e child r e s t r a i n t t e s t capability. stud.y, titled "Anthropomet.ry f o r Child R e s t r a i n t s ,
"
One s u c h
conducted by the
H a r v a r d University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusett:;, reviewed the available d a t a and developed a p r e l i r n i r ~ a r ydefinition o f c r i t i c a l m e a s u r e m e n t s , and e s t a b l i s h e d r e l a t e d m e a s u r e n ~ e t h o d o l o g y .
In a rela.'ced activity, a compilation o-f a n t h r o p o m e t r i c d a t a , titled "Source Data of Infant and Child Msa.surernents,
1 9 7 2 , " w a s developed
by K.G. Snyder, e t al, of the Unj.versity of Michigan.
A review of 6 3
d a t a s e t s within t h e s e two cloculnents by M e s s r s , ~ a c k a i t i i sand I.?a.dovich of t h e 0ffi.ce of C r a s h w o r t h i n e s s of NHTSA. revealed a n u m b e r of i n c o n s i s t e i ~ c i e s . It w a s d e t e r m i n e d t h a t t h e d a t a did not provide a n adequate b a s i s f o r establishing a r e l i a b l e s e t of d i m e n s i o n s c h a r a c t e r i z i n g 9
t h r e e and s i x y e a r old children.
T h i s question w a s d i s c u s s e d f u r t h e r in
,July 1 9 7 4 w i t h M e s s r s . R. C h a n d l e r an.d 5
. Young of the Civil Aerojrnedical
Snstitute of the FAA which h a s a l s o a parallel. need f o r such data.
A s a resu.1.l: of t h e s e d j s c u s s i o n s , i t w a s decided t o e n l i s t , the help of
r e c ~ g n i ~ e ec xl p e r t s
01-1 child
anthropornotry t o r e c o n c i l e i n c o n s i s t e n c i c s
in the data and t o develop ~ m ' i s t e rmodels representing 50th percentile tXzrec and six y e a r o1.d children. this joint NHTSA - F A A program.
T h i s r e p o r t d e s c r i b e s the r e s u l t s of
T A B L E OF CONTENTS
I.
IT. 111. IV. V.
VI. VII.
.................. D I S C U S S I O N O F TIIE: SOL,L;T'.CION T O I'ROBJ~EN . . . , . . . . . EVALUATION O F RESULTS . . . . .......... EXHJBIT A: L I S T O F ANTIlROPOM8TRIC D I M E N S I O N S . . . . . L I S T O F MEASURDDNT D E F I N I T I O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . LANDMARK D E F I N I T 1 : O N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BIBLIOGRAPlJY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STATEMENT OF PROEILEb1
PAGE
1 1
3
5 10 20
22
E:VALUA'T710N OF' I\IASTE:HBODY P'OlUIS FOR 3-YEAH-NVD G-YEXH-OLD ClISl,;i DIJMbIZES
Meniorandum Report .AAC-llg--: 5-2
The Departmen-t of T r a n s p o r t ~ t i o nrzeeds r e p r e s e n t a t i v e 3-year and & y e a r c h i l d dumnies to t e s t chj.ld : r e s t r a i n t systems f o r u s e i n t r e n s p o r t ~ t i o r l vehicles.
The d.c~;amiesmust t h e r e f o r e be b a s e d on a n t h r o p o m e t r i c dirr.ensions
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s 3-year-
and 6-year-old
populations.
These d.ata, c o u l d s e r v e a s s t a n d a r d s f o r t h e s u r f a c e morphology of t h e c h i l d d w n i e s t o be used i n impact t e s t i n g and f o r dimensioning c h i l d res-tra:ir,t systems. The purpose of t h e p r e s e n t r e 3 o r t i s t o :
1) Review t h e a x t i l e b l e a n t b r o p o m e t r i c l i t e r a t w e o c 3-year- and year-old c h i l d r e n i n t h e United S t a t e s ; 2)
6-
P r e s e n t a l i s t o f measurements n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n cf s e a t e d c h i l d manikins ;
3 ) P r o v i d e d i m e n s i o n a l guidance t o c o n s t r u c t c l a y riiasterbody l'orns.
11.
DISCUSSIOIJ OF SOLWION TO PROBLEM. The p a n e l c o l l e c t e d f o r t h i s -task c o n s i s t e d of Mr. J o s e p h W . Young
( p r o j e c t ~ o o r d i n a - t o r,) D r . John McCcnville, D r . I i e r b e r t Reynol.cls and
Dr. R i c h a r d Snyder.
The foll.owing d i s c u s s i o n i s based upon t h e i r knowl-edge
o f t h e l i - t e r a t u r e and. t h e i r best;, c o l l . e t t e d judgment when d a t a were ncrt ava.ilab1.e :in t h e 1-li.tera.ture.
There w e no p u b l i s h e d s t u d i e s t o d a t e t h a t ha.ve measured on United S t n t e s childretz .i;ht? complete l i s t of mentiuremer~l;~ de1;esyined by t h e punel. t o be
l,l!!' i r*
!i?;ts.
.x.
1)
;,\!;!~ I, i
-;I.
!:,
data, a r e 20 y e a r s o l d and measu:red on f u l . 1 ~c l o t h e d .
i (.ll; 1
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c o m p i e t e , repnrd:; on 2 . >-year- and 66.--yaaroofi
1,) I!.; t e n t o conform wi t h t h e 3-year
and 6-year
c h i l d r e n and
a g e dimensj ons l o r
8
The d a t a r e p o r t e d by Malina, e t al. a r e on a n a t i o n w i d e
i , , n u t incl-ude any ciata. on 3-year-old
chi lciren.
Furthermore, t h e y
;:.t:nsicrs on 2 1 neasul-cnents which v e r e s e l e c t e d p r i m a r i l y
L Ci l(. i by
1lllivclls:; iLy
:
More recently, S t o u d t ' s 3 c o m p i l a t i o n ,
11
...
to
I
;l~t.::l:i,l p z t t e r n o f growth and developnext i n c h i l d r e n i n t h e Urii.ted
,
1
sor~t1l;hernNichi(:an.
I , ~,*i, ,rly t'orms.
i!
colill
jir
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e 9 6 0 s . , ( p . 1).
A d d i - t i o n a l d a t a from two r e c e n t s t u d i e s
the P u b l i c H e a l t h S e r - r i c e ( ~ a t i o n a H l e a l t h Slrrvey) and t h e
of Michigan ( ~ ~ 8 were 1 ) c o t a v a i l a b l e , b u t n e i t h e r of them would
~ x . , r v i , i c jt h e e x r e n s i v e l i s t o? dimensions r e q u i r e d i n t h e p r e s e n t e f f o r t .
' 1 1 1 ~o!,kior ~ ~ e i ' e - r e n c easr e i n c l u d e d i n t h e "Source Data of I n f a n t and C h i l d
Pk:~::urer!ic?xlt s , I n t e r i n D a t a ,
1972"
2'
.
'I'ile : ~ r i t h r . o p o ~ e " s i rce q u i r e m e n t s f o r d e f i n i n g t h e morphology o f c h i l d
rn;i.r~j.lt.in:::ire n o t met i n a c y of -the p r e c e d i n g docmen.ts n o r i n any of t h e
oti!cz-s rloLcLl i n t h e b i b l i o g r a p h y ,
?lie d a t a t h s t do e x i s t in t h e l i t e r a t u r e
pr-ovidc:r! .! i m i t e d i n f o r m a t i o n on h e i g h t s , b r e a d t h s , c i r c u m f e r e n c e s and body-
p r o p o r tioris o l 3-year-
I
and 6-yeau.--old c h i l d r e n .
Most oi' t h e m i s s i n g d a t a i n t h e a n t h r o p o m e t r i c l i t e r a t u r e a r e unique t o t h c r.ec~uir.c.r~ctntso f s c u l p t u r i n g a masterbody form.
For example, t h e shape
of t,hc t,o~.:;o a t t h e n i p p l e s i s d e s c r i b e d by a circumference, b r e a d t h , d e p t h and h e i c h l f'rom s e a t p a n .
Chest c i r c u m f e r e n c e and d e p t h a r e a v a i l a b l e i n
t h e l j . t e ~ * a t u r but e t h e a d d i t i o n a l informat ion i s n o t .
Two c h i l d r e n ,
a g e s 3.5 and
5 . 5 y e a r s , were :meas.ured f o r t h e add.i.ti.ona1 d a t a which th13
p a n e l u s e d a s g u i d e l i n e s f o r e s t i m a t i n g t h e d e s i r e d dimensions.
17
I n summary, 30 dimensions i n t h e l i s t a r e based on d a t a i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e , whereas 68 djmensions a r e e i t h e r e s t i m a t e d by t h e p a n e l o r b a s e d on % d j i ~ s t e d v a l u e s d e r i v e d from l i m i t e d , p e r s o n a l d a t a .
The t o t a l l i s t o f 98 dimensions
i s an i d e a l a n t h r o p o m e t r i c d a t a s e t f o r d e s c r i b i n g t h e e x t e r n a l morphology o f
a c h i l d manikin.
The complete l i s t w i t h d e s i g n dimensions and d e f i n i t f . o n s
i s enclosed a s Exhibit A .
B. C o n s t r u c t i o n of t h e Cley Masterbody Forms The c o n s t r u c t i o n of t h e c l a y masterbody forms f o l l o w e d e t h r e e - s t e p process outlined i n t h e follmring discussion, 1. A m e t a l "slreletonf' was c o n s t r u c - t e d of c a s t i r o n p i p e &nd p i p e f i t t i n g s . A w i r e - n e t s k i n was a t t a c h e d t o p r o v i d e a s u r f a c e upon which modeling c l a y c o u l d be p l e c e d .
1
2.
The g e n e r a l shape was b u i l t ui w i t h c l a y on t h e w i r e f r a r e . ,
3.
The dimensions i n t h e l i s t were t h e n ma,rked w i t h p i r s er?? t h e masterbody forms y e r e s c u l p t u r e d t o n e e t t h e design v a l u e s w i t h i n --t ? mm oP t h e d e s i r e d dimension valu?.
EV~~LUI~TIOIJ OF THE RESULTS. The masterbody forms a r e based on d a t a d i s c u s s e d p r e v i o u s l y .
They,
however, have some l i m i t a t i o n s which a r e p o i n t e d o u t i n t h e f o l l o w i n g d i s c u s s i o n . F i r s t , whi1.e many of t h e most c r i t i c a l dimensions a r e b a s e d upon what i s presumed .lo be r e p r e s e n t a t i v e U . S . popul:ition d a t a o r e s t i m a t e s i n t e r p o l a t e d from such d a t a , t h e s e were n e c e s s a r i l y s u p p l e ~ i e r i t e dby a l a r g e number of dimensi.ona1. v a l u e s based upon t h e col.l.ective judgment o f t h e pa.nc?. o r from personal data.
The da.ta avaj-lab1e i n t;he l i t e r a t u r e ' o f t e n provided :sound
g u i d e l i n e s b u t i n nunerous i n s t a n c e s t h e s e forms r e p r e s e n t a jucl~ynen-t o f a t c r ~ m o f e x p e r t s r a t h e r t h a n e111pirj.r.ally d e r i v e d U . S. p o p u l a t i o n d a t a .
:5ecor.id, t h e : ~ ; crs:Ln i.ltins and - t h c l ~a s s o c i n t c ( l anthropometrqic tltitn b a s e c o n t a i n no informxtj.on on t h e p r o p e r . t i e s r e q ; u i ~ e d f o r c o n s - t r u c t i o n of the inteeri.or mechanisms o i' : ~ n t h r o p o m e t r i c t e s t dr:vices such 8 s t h e loctzti.ou o f j o i n t center:; o-l' r o t a t i o n , c e n t e r s o f mass, ~riassmomc2nts of i n e r t i a , j o i n t r a n g e o f mo.ti.on o r Joint s t i f f n e s s .
Th2se f a , c t o r s l i e o u t s i d e .the scope of
t h i s e f f o r t and i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h e s e a r e a s
i s needed s i n c e t h e r e a r e no
d a t a i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e on 3--year- anti 6-year-o1.d c h i l c l r e n . I n concl.usion, e v e r y e f f o r t h a s been made by t h e p a n e l of e x p e r t s t o p r o v i d e t h e Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n w i t h two c l a y masterbody forms b a s e d on the b e s t a v a i l a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n and judgment.
Succeeding r e s e a r c h
i n t h j - s a r e a , hossever, w i l l p r o v i d e a b e t t e r d a t a b a s e and m o d i f i c a t i o n s t o t h e s e e x i s t i n ? forms aay become n e c e s s a r y .
."
XV. EXHIBIT A LIST OF ANTI-IIiUPOlhETRIC I)IIIIENS IONS
Variable ---No. -
Na~ne -
1 Weight
Dirnensi-"on -
3 yr. 037
Source
33 lbs,
(18)
2 Stature
in. cm . 96.5 K O
3 S i t t i n g Height
55.9
22,O
8 Biacromial Breadth
21.8
8.6
(2)
9 Suprasternale Height
35.2
13.9
10 Substernal e Height
25.2
11 Torso H e i g h t , Axilla
(18)
Dimcnc;1'on .- .
6 y r . old
Source
46 lbs.
(1 8)
cm .
1
( 1 , 2 , 3 ) 63.5
in. 25.0
(1,2,3)
25.4
10.0
(2,8)
(8,18)
aO.1
15.8 (5,18)
9.9
(8,18)
27.3
10.7
(8,18)
29,9
11.8
(17)
34.0
13.4
(17)
12 Torso Breadth, Axilla
17.6
6.9
(17)
20.3
8.0
(17)
13 Torso Depth, Axil l a
12.1
4.8
(17)
13.2
5.2
(17)
14 Torso Height, Nipple
27.2
10.7
(18)
31 . O
12.2
(18)
15 3 r s o Breadth, Nipple
17.4
6.9
(18)
19.2
7.5
(18,o)
16 Torso Depth, Nipple
12.9
5.1
(3,13)
14.3
5.5
(3,8,13)
17 Torso Circumference, Nipple
51 .O
20.1
59.4
23.4
18 Internippl c Distance
11.4
4.5
(17,18) 11.4
4.!;
(17,'IB)
19 Torso Depth, Substernal e
12.2
4.8
(17,181 14.3
5.6
(17)
20 Torso Height, 10th Rib
17.3
6.9
(17)
19.3
7.6
(17)
21 Torso Breadth a t 10th Rib
15.2
6.0
(17)
19.5
7.7
(18)
22 Torso Height, Waist
15.5
6.1
(78)
17.5
6.9
(17)
23 Torso Dreadth, Waist
16,l
13.3
19.4
7.E
(2,17)
24 Torso Depth, Waist
16.4
6.5
16.7
6.6)
(17)
4 Eye Height 5 Tragion Height 6 Cervicale Height
7 Acromion Height
(2)
7 (18)
(2,8)
Dirnensiorr 3 yr, old
---.-
Cril . --
in.
Wd i s t
52.7
20.7
26 Torso [ [ e i g h t , 11 i o c r i s t a l e
13.2
27 Torso 3 r e a d t h , I1 iocristale
.No. -
GITI. -"-
i n. --
Source ----
(8)
57.2
22.5
(18,8)
5.3
(3,17)
15.7
6.2
(3,17)
16.5
6.5
(17,18)
19.8
7.8
(17,18,3)
28 Torso Depth, X l i o c r i s t a l e
15.8
6.2
(la)
16.6
6.5
118)
29 Torso C i r c u n ~ f e r e n c e , I1 i o c r i s t a l E
53.7
21.1
S p i n e Height
11.9
4.7
31 Bispinous Breadth
'13.7
5.4
5.2
2.0
25 T o r s o C i rcun:f c r e n c e ,
30 A n t e r i o r S u p e r i o r I1 i a c
32 T r o c h a n t e r i o n Height
33 Torso Eread t h , T r o c h a n t e r i o n 34 T r o c h a n t e r i o n - t o -Seat Back D i s t a n c e 35 t4axii;?ur: Hip Br'eadth 36
S i t t i n g tiip Circumference
37 Thigh-Abdoninzl J u n c t i o n
Height 38 Thigh-P,bdoninal J u n c t i o n - t o Seat Back D i s t a n c e 39 T h i g h Circumference, ThighAbdominal J u n c t i o n 40 T h i g h Circumference, Popl i'tcal
ill
T l l i yb
Depth, Popl i.teal
42 Buttock-Knee Length 43 Buttock-Pop1 i t e a l Length
44 Knee H e i g h t
Source
.-
,
Dinicr~sior\ 3 yr", o l d
-.-.Dinlension
-.-----
e -Variabl ."-
CM . ---
Name -.--
6 yr. old
i n . -Source -
cm .
--in.
(3,181
27.7
10.9 (3,18,0)
(17,18) / )
'I
n . .
-.. .. -., :
::;;,e i -adt h
1ak;str Ley
C;r
(13917)
.. :ce, '
Pop1 it e a l
Lower g: Depth, Pop1 i t c a l '
+,,
r Leg Circumference,
M a x i mun
Lowcr Leg Height,' ~laximurn Ci rcumfercnce
Lower l e g Depth, I.laximun Circumference Leg Breadth, t4axirnum Circumference Lower
Lawer Leg Circumference, Minimum
iowar Leg Height, M i n i ~ u m Circumference L::!cr
l e g Depth , Minimum
i l rcumf erence
Lower
Leg Breadth, Minimutn
Ci rcumf erence
Ankle Breadth Sphyrion I-!eight Foot Length
Foal Breadth Wcct Breadth
Shoul der-El bow Lcny th
--Source
.-Dinlension ------.
Varinbl e ,--...-.Niin1c --"."----
-.-
No. --.
64 Upper Arni Ci rcurnf e r c n c e , Axilla 65 Upper
Arlli
Depth, Axil l a
--Dimension -----
3 yr. old
Crn. -
6 yr. old
in.
---...
Source -----
crn. -
--i n .
-Soilrce -------.
17.8
7.0
(17)
20.8
8.2
(17)
7.1
2.8
(17)
7.8
3.1
(17)
J
66 Uppcr Arm Circunrferrnce, Mi d- Arm
17.5
6.9
67 Upper Arm D e p t h , Mid-Arm
6.1
2.4
(17)
7.5
3.0
('17)
76.8
6.6
(17)
19,2
7.6
(17)
69 Upper Arm D e p t h , Anteciibit'al
5.9
2.3
(17)
6.9
2.7
(17)
70 E l bow Breadth
4.4
1.7
(17)
4.8
1.9
(17)
E l box Circuriference
18.5
7.2
(17)
21.4
8.5
(17)
72 Forearm-Hand l e n g t h
26.0
10.2
(3,171
31.0
12.2
5.1
2.0
(17)
6.4
2.5
(17)
2.7
1.0
(17)
3.3
1.3
(17)
4.0
1.6
(17)
4.8
1.9
(17)
11.4
4.5
(2,3)
13.4
5.3
(2,338)
79 Hand Breadth, Metacarpal c I I I
5.3
2.1
(3,17)
6.3
2.4
(3,10,17)
80 Hand Dcpth, Metacarpal e I I1
1.9
0.7-17)
1.9
0.7
(17)
81 Palm Length
6.4
2.5
7.1
2.8
(17)
( 2 , 3 , 1 7 ) 21 1
8.0
(2,3,17,8)
68 Upper Jrm Circumference,
Antccubi t a l
71
74
Forearm Cepth, :.laxinurn Circumference
(2,3,17)
76 !?'rist D e p t h ?
77 Illrist B r e a d t h 78 Hand Length
!
82 Head L e n g t h
(17)
Qinicnsion ----No. -
V a r i a h l e-
---.Narlle -
83 Head Breadth 84 Head C i rcumf erence 85 Tragion-to-Vertex Distance
8 6 , Tragion-to--Wall Distance 87 Menton-to-Vertex Distance
Menton-to-Wall Distance
Gl abei 1a-to-Vertex Distance B i t r a g i o n Breadth Bi tragion-Coronal Arc
Bi tragion-GI abel 1a Arc Bi t r a g i on-Menton P.rc
Bigonial Breadth Neck Circumference Neck Breadth
Neck Depth Suprasternal e-Cervi cal e Distance
3 yr.
Crn . -
Dimension 6 y r . old
oB*
-in.
Source.
-.
cm.
in. -
Source
Welyht:
Measure nude body w e i g h t on a s c a l e .
S t a t u r e : S ~ h j c c tstands e r c c t i n bare f e e t w i t h head in Frankfort -- Plane. -Meas~rrev 1 i ti) c711 ctn thropoilieter the perpendicular d i s t a n c e from f l o o r t o v e r t e x . -.
8
S i t t i n g Heigilt: Subject s i t s e r e c t w i t h head i n the -Frankfort ---Plane. Fiiedsirre wi ti-] at, a n t h r o p c m t e r t h e perpendicular d i s t a n c e from t h e s c a t pan t o vertex.
Eye Height: s u b j e c t s i t s e r e c t with head i n t h e ------Frantcfort Plane. Pileasure w i t h an anthroporrletsr t h e perpendicular d i s t a n c e from t h e s e a t pan t o the ectocenthus. -
Tragion Eeight: S u b j e c t s , s i t s c r e c t with head i n t h e -Frankfort Plane. Measure w.i.ti?a n ar?thropornet2r t h e perpendicul a r d i s t a n c e from the sttat pan t o --t r a gion. Cervicale Heicjht: Subject s i t s e r e c t with bead i n tile F r a r k f o--r t Plane. Measure u i t h a11 an.throl;o~e.terthe perpendicular d i s t a n c e ir~rnt h e sea: pan t o -----cervicale, Acrornion lieigh t : Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms re1 axed, f o r e a r n s and hands . 1. !.leasure ~ !t ih a n antfiropometer the perpenextended fori~iard h ~ r ~ z c n t a'iy d i c u l a r d i s t a n c e froni t h e s e a t pan to a c r m i o n . Biacrorliai 8readtb: Subjecc s i t s e r e c t , unper arins v e l a r e d , forearins and hands exte~deciforltrard horl'zontally. 2:easure : i i t n a D e a ~3nthropot*leter t h e horizontal breadtn between t h e r i g h t and 1 e f t acrc1flion - l andyiarks. 9) Suprasternal e Peight: Subject s i t s e r e c t , uoper a r m re1 axed, f o r e a r m a n d hands rr tended forward horizontal l y . Neasure 1::i tr? an anthropomecer the p e r p e n d i ~ , u l s rd i s t a c c e i'ron t h e seat pan t o -s 2 r a s t e r 3 n a le . I
I !
10) Substernal e H e i ~ h t : Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms r e l a x e s , forearms and hacds ' e x t e ~ d e dforl*iiird $orizontal l y . ('eas~lrew i t h an ailshro~ometer tile perpendicular d i s t a n c e from t h e s e a t pan t.o -substernalr?. --11) Torso Heiaht, A x i l l a : Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper a n r ~e l a ~x e d , forearms a n d h a n d s extended f ~ r w d r dh o r i z o n t a l l y . From t h e s u b j e c t ' s back (measure with an anthroocilleter) t h e pernendicula\' d i s t a n c e froni t h e s e a t pan t o t h e most s u p e r i o r o o i n t i n t h e a x i l l a . 12) Torso Breadth, A x i l l a : Subject s i t s e r e c t , ,upper arms r e l a r e d , forearms and hands extentled forivard h o r i z o n t a l l y . b!easure w i ti1 a beam anthrcpolrie t r r the horizontal breddth o f t h e t o r s o a t the lev91 o f t h e -a-x i l l a .
13) Torso Depth, Axilla: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, forearrns and hands extended forward horizontal l y . ~ e a s u r ewith a beam anthropo1112ter t h e horizontal depth (aritero-posterior) of t h e t o r s o a t t h e level of the axflla.
14) Torso Height, Nip-ple : S u t ~ j e c ts i t s e r e c t , upper arms re1 axed, forlearms and hands extended forward horizontally. Ileasure wi ti] an anthropoine t e r the perpendicular distance from t h e s e a t pan t o t h e nipple. 15) Torso Breadth, Nipple: Swbject s i t s e r e c t , upper arrns relaxed, forearms and hancls extended forwarcl horizontal l y . Neasure w i t h a beam anthrcpometer the horizontal breadth of t h e chest a t the "ipole l e v e l . 16) Torso Depth, Nipple: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, forec?rms and hands extended forward h o r i z o n t a l l y . ;vlcasure with a beam anthropcixter the horizontal (antero-oosterior) de3th of t h ? chest a t the -n- i ~ p l elevel . 17) Torso Circumference, Nipple: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper a r m r e l a x e d , f o r e a r m and hands extended forward horizontal Iy. "'leasure vii t h a f l e x i b l e , s t e e l tape during normal breathing the horizontal c i r c u ~ f e r e n c eof the c h e s t a t the nippl e 1 eve1 . 18) Xnternippl e D i s t ~ n c e : Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms re1 ?xed, forearms
and hands extended for~rardh o r i z o n t a l l y , llleasure wizh a beail anthlwporr,eter the distance between the -nippizs.
19) Torso Depth, Substernzle: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms r e l a x e d , for6arms and hands extended far\l~arc?horizontal l y . Yeasure with a Seam cnthro.pometer the horizontal depth ( ~ n t e r o - p o s t e r i o r )of the t o r s o a t tntl level o f -substornale during normal breathing. 20) Torso Height, 90th R i b : Subject sits e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, forearms and hands extended forward horizontally. Pleasure with an anthrcpar7eter t h e perpendicular ds'stance from the s e a t pan t o t h e i n f e r i o r margin o f thhe 10th Rib. 21) Torso Breadth, 10th Rib: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, Sorearms and hands extended Forward horizontally. Measure w i t h a beam anthropomztcr the horirontal breadth of t h e chest a t t h e lowest level of t h e i n f e r i o r margin o f the 1 0 t h R i b . 22) Torso tleight, Waisk Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, forearms and hapcis extendcd forward horSzontally. Measure w i t h a beam anthropometee t h e perpendicular distance from the s c a t pan t o the w a i s t .
23) Torso -Breadth, Waist: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms re1 axed, forearms and hands extended for:dalad horizontally. Measure w i t h ' a bearn 'anthroporncter t h e w-a i s t . horizontal breadth of the -
.
"
.
.,
'
I
Pk'
Torso Depth, h'aist: S u b j c c t s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, forearms and hands extcrliicld i'orw~rdhorizontal ly . Measurc w i t h a. beam anthrc~pomct c r the horizontal (a-ntercs-.posteri o r ) d e p t h of f,hc waist, --- -
Torso C ircur;;fc?rcncc, l4nist: Sub,jec t si t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, forearms and hand; extended forward h o r i z o n t a l l y . i.lcasure w i t h a f l e x i b l e , s tee1 t a p c the horizcntal c i r c u ~ f c r c n c eof t h e w aist. --Torso tieight, I'l i o c r i s t a l e : Subject s i ts e r e c t , upper arms re1 axed, forearms and hands extended f a ~ s i d r dhorizontal l y . Measure with an anthropometer t h e perpendicular d i s t a n c e from t h e s e a t pan t o ---I1 i o c r i s t a l e . Torso Breadth, 11f o c r i s t a l e: S u b j e c t s i t s e r e c t , upper arns r c l axed, forearr: and hands extended -Forward horizon-cai 'iy. Yeasure w i t h a beam anthropometer the horizon-cal breadth of the t o r s o a t I 1 i o c r i s t a l trj 1 eve1 , Torso Depth, I1 i o c r i s t a l e : Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper a w s relaxed, f o r e arms and hands extended fori.:ard horizon"illy, pleasure with a bear~ anthropomcter t h e horizontal ( a n t e r o - - p o s t e r i o r ) depth 3f the t o r s o a t -I-1--i-~ c r i s t acl 1 ?\!el. Torso &ircu:r;ference, 11. i o c r i s t a l o : Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, forearms and narids e x t ~ n d c d for~:ard hor izontal l y . Yeasure v r i ~ ha f l exibl e , steel tape .the horizontal circumference of the t o r s o a t i l i o c r i s t a l e l e v e l . ,
Anterior Superior I1 i a c Spine Hci g h t : Subjsct s i t s e r e c t , upper arns re1 axed, f o r e a r g s and har,ds exterided forward h o r i zsntal 1y . ?ec?sure ~+lit h an afithroponeter t h e p e r p c d i c u i a r d i s t z n c s fro? the sezt pan t o the c o s t a n t e r i o r p r o j e c t i o n of the a n t e r i o r s ~ t 3 e r i o r-i l iac S ~ ~ C P . . A . p
Bispinous Breadth: Subject q i t s e r e c t , upper a r m relaxed, foraarms and hands extended fcrT\:iard horizontal 1 y . Yeasure with a beam h~~thropometer the horizontal breadth berween tne-rigr;t 2 n d l e f t -.i n t e r i o r superior i l-i a c s ~nes i . A
Trochai~.tcrionHeight: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms r e l a x e d , forearrns and hands extended forward horizontal l y . l lea sure w i t h an anthropometer t h e pcrpendicul a r d i s t a n c e fron t h 2 s e a t psn t o --.trochanterion. Torso Breadth, Trochanrerion: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms re'] axed, forearms and hands extended f ~ r w a r dhorizontal l y . t~leasurewith a beam anthropometer t h e horizontal breadth of the t o r s o a t -----trochantcrion. Trochanferion-to-Seat Back Distance: Subject si t s e r e c t , upper a r m relaxed, forearms and h a n d s extended for\rard horizontal 1 y . Measure*w i t h a beam anthropometer t h e horizonta l d i s t a n c e From the s e a t back t o -t--r o c h a ~ t e r i o n . blaximum t i i p Breadth: Sub,jcc t s i t s e r e c t , upper arms re1 axed, forearm:; and hands cx tended fcu'ward h o r i z o n t a l l y ; tilicjhs pdrall cl and r e s t i n g con;pl e t e l y on the s e a t p a n . Measure w i ti.) a beam (in throporncter t h e riaximum I ~ r e a d t ~of h the
hiJ.
36) S i t t i n g H i p Circumference: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms re1 axcd , f o r e amns and hands extendcd forward horizontal l y , thighs paral 1 el and r e s t i n g completely an the s e a t pan. !%leasurew i t h a f l e x i b l e , s t e e l tape t h e d i a gonal c i r c u ~ l f e r e n c earound the hi_p l ayi n!: the tape over t h e t hi oh-abdomi nal - ---J--u n c t i o n and j u s t superior t o th-e r e s t i n g portion of t h e buttocks. --A_-
'I
37) Thigh-Abdominal Junction Height: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms r e l a x e d , forearms and hands extended forward horizontal l y , thigns paral 1 el and r e s t i n g completely on the s e a t pan. Measure w i t h an anthropoixeter t h e pcrpendicul a~ distance from tnc s e a t pan t o the thQh-abdc::~inal - -;ilrnct --ion. 38) Thigh-Abdominal Junction-to-Seat Back Distance: Subject si t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, forearms and hands extended hoviard horizontal l y , t h i g h s p a r a l l e l and r e s t i n g comp'ieteiy on t h e s $ a t pzn, t4easure with a beam anthropometer the horizontal distance from the s e a t back t o the -thighabdominal b n__-ction. 39) Thigh Circunference, Thigh-N~doainal Junction: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, forearms and hands extended "rrr~lard horizontal i y , t ~ i ' g h s p a r a l l e l and r e s t i ~ gc o n p i e ~ e l yon tne seat pan. Metisure w i t h a f 1 e x i b l e , s t e e l tape the circumference rerpeuaicuiar t o t n e l o n g axis of ti-ligh a t the level of the u h - a D c i o : ~ i r ; a l junct'3n.
40) Thigh Circunference, P o ~ ilt o a l : Subject s i t s e r e c c , uoper arTs re1 axed, f3rearms and harids ?>;tendec! forward borizor?,:ai l y , thighs paral '1 el 2 n d i.cstin3 coixpletely on tne sea1 ?an, 1c;wer 1 eg psrp~indicul?rTO f l x r , f e e t r e s t i c z on a Ilorizcntal plati'orm. i~leaszlrewitn a f l e x i b l e , s k e l tape t r 6 2 circuM'ference perpendicular t o t h e long a x i s of the t h i g h a t the po?1 i " ~ 2 z llevel .
41) Thigh Depth, Pop1 i t e a l : Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms re1 axed, forearns and hands extended forward horizontal l y . Thighs paral 1 el ard r e s t i ~g completely on t h e s e a t pdn, lower leg perpendicular t o t h e f l o o r , f e e t resting on a horizontal platform. lc:easure with a beam a n t h r o p o ~ e e e rthe perpendicular depth ( s u p e r o - i n f e r i o r ) u f t h e t h i g h a t t h e pop1 i t s a l 1 eve1 . 42) Buttock-Knee Length: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, forearms and hands extendcd forward horizontal l y , thighs paral 1 el and r e s r i n g c o i ~ pel t e l y on t h e s e a t pan, lo\+~erl e y perpendicular t o the f l o o r , f e e t r e s t i n g on a horizontal platform. Measure with a besm anthropometer t h e horizontal d i s tance from the most p o s t e r i o r plane of t h e buttock t o t h e most a n t e r i o r point on the knee. 43) Buttock-Popliteal Length: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, f o r e arms and hands extended forward h o r i z o n t a l l y , thighs paral l e l and r e s t i n g cornpletely on the scat pan, lower 'leg perpendicular t o the f l o o r , f e e t r c s t i n y dn a horizontal pltttfor-m. M a s u r e w i t h an antl~ropometer.the horizontal d i s t a n c e from thc mast p o s t e r i o r portion of t h e buttocks t o the p g l i t e a l- rcgion a t the back of t h e c a l f .
I
44)
i 1
I
1 1 j I
Knee Iteight: Subji.:t s i t s c r c c t , upper arr4s relaxed, forearnls and hands extendeci fort,~rrdh o r i z o n t a l l y , thighs para1 lel and r e s t i n g cornp1ci:cly on the seat p;tn, lcl,.;ur leq pcrpuntiicular t o the f l o o r , f e e t r e s t i n g on a horizonixl plaifor'm. fleasure w i t h an antnropo~xcter Lhr! perp(2ndicular d i s t a n c e From t h e - f o ~ t - r e s tplatform t o t i l e ton of thc knee.
45) Popl i t e a l Height i Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms re1 axed, forearnis and hands extended forvjard h o r i z o n t a l l y , thighs p a r a l l e l and r e s t i n g comp l e t e l y on the s p a t pan, Icwer leg perpendicular t o the f l o o r , f e e t r e s t i n g on a horizontal p1a.t-form. !teasure wit11 ?in a.n.thropometer t h e perpendicular d i s t a n c e fro:> the f o o t - r e s t platform t o the w l--i t e a l region at t h e back o f t h e knee. 46)
Knee Ci rcu;nference: S u b j ~ s~ i t s e r e c t , upper a r m re1 axed, forearms a n d hands extended forward horizontal l y , " c i ~ h s 7aral l e l and r e s t i n g completely on t h ~ s: e a t p2n, icuer l e g perpendicular t o t h e f l o o r , Feet r e s t i n g on a horjzontal p1titfori.n. I.:easure with a f l e x i b l e , s t e e l tape the diagonal circumference arolind t h e flexed knee.
47)
Knee Breadth: 3ubject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, forearms and hands extended forward horizontal l y , t ~ i g h spara1 1 el and restin.,: cogpl e t e l y on ,the s e a t pan, f e e t rcsrin; on a h ~ r i ' z o n t a l p l a t f o r n , rt3easurewitn a s l i d i n g ca1 i p e r t h e horizonral breadth L e t ~ e e nthe ----fenoral cond*s - of t h e knee. LI
48) Lower Leg C i r c u r f ~ r e n c e , Peg1 it e a l : Subject s i t s e r e c i , Jpoer a r r s re1 axed, forearms ?I$ hands extended fcrward h o r i z c n t a l l y , tnisks para1:el a n d r e s t i n g ccjW:sletel:/ on the sect: pan, 1 C ) \ I P ~1 erj psrpendicu? ? r t o f l c o r , f e e t restir,; on a horizontal platform. :jledsure ;di th a f l e x j b l e , s t e e l t a p e the horizontal circumference of t h e l o a e r 1.1 a r the p a-l iteal level. 49)
Lower Leg Depth, Popl i t e a l : Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper erzls relaxed, forearms an4 hands extended forward h o r i z o n t a i 1y , l h i ~ h spara1 1 el and r e s t i n g completelj on the s e 2 t p z n , loww leg p e r p ~ n d i c c l a r t o t;le f l o o r , f 3 e t r e s t i n g on a horizontal platform. !t!easdre w i t h s l i d i n g cai i p e r s , t h e horizontal depth of the i o e e r leg a t the p o p l i t e a l l e v e l .
50) Lower Leg Circuaference, l.iaxiii~un: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms re1 axed, forearms d n d hands ex tended forward horizontal 1y , thighs paral 1 ~ 1and r e s t i n g cor:1;?1etely on the s e a t pan, lowcr leg perpendicular t o t h ? f l o o r , f e e t r e s t i n g on a horizontal p l a t f o r n . Measure with a f l e x i b l e , s t e e l t a p e t h e maxfmunl horizor~tal circumference o f the c a l f . .
51) Lower Leg ilcight, Maxii~iunlCircunference: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxcd, forearms and hands extended forward horizontal 1 y , thighs paral l e l and resting coniplctely on the s c a t pan, l o ~ ~ cleg r pcrpcnuicular t o the f l o o r , f e e t r e s t i n g on a horizontal pldtfortr. lbieasure w i t h an anthropornetitr the p2rpendicular d i s t a n c e from the f o o t - r e s t pl atfor-111t o &tie 1 eve1 of the maxii:iun~ c i rcuilif~renceof t h e cal f .
52) Lower Leg Depth, Maxi~nurnCircumference: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, forearn~sand hands exter~cled forward horizontal l y , t h i g h s paral 1 e l and r e s t i n g c ~ ~ ~ l p l e t eonl yt h e s c a t pan, lower l e g perpendicular ca t h e f l o o r , f e e t r r e s t i n g on a horizontal platfornl. bleasurc with a s l i d i n g c a l i p e r t h e hortzontal depth a t t h e level of t h e niaximum circirinfcrence of the c a l f . 53) Lover Leg Breadth, I4axiinun Circunf erence: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arins r e laxed, f o r e a r m and hands excendcd f o r ~ ~ a rhdo r i = o n t a l l y , t h i g h s p a r a l l e l and r e s t i n g c o ~ p ' l e t e l yon s e a t pan, ?oi,/er l e s s perpendicular t o the f l o o r , f e e t rest-iny on a horizontal platf'orn?. >leasure with a s l i d i n g c a l i p e r t h e h o r i zontal breadth a t the level of the maximum circunlfcrence of t h e c a l f .
54) LowerA leg C i r c u ~ f e r e n c e ,Minimurs: Subject si ts e r e c t , upper a r m r e l a x e d , forclari~sand hands extendded forward h c r i z c n ~ ~ a l l ytn;'gk,s , paral l e i 2nd resting conpletely on s e a t pan, l o w r legs p e r p e n d i c u l a . ~t o the f l o o r , f e e t resting o n a horl'rontal platform. Measure w i t h a f l e x i b l e , s t e e l t a p e t h e fialeol 1 i . minimum horizcntai c i rcumfcrence of t h e ankle above t h e 55) Lower L c g Height, f.?ininiur;, Circun?ference: Subject s i i s e r e c t , uPPer arms relaxed, for ear^-1s and hzinds extenced f o r ~ ~ a rhorizontal d l y , thighs pcral 1 e l and r e s t i n g c o ~ ~ l e c e lony seal, pan, lok,er legs p e r p e n a i c ~ l a r ro t n e f l 2 o r , f e e t r e s t i n 3 on a i o r i z o n t a l platform. Flezsure w i m an anthropomecer the perpendicular d i s c c n c ~f r o n f h ? f c o t - r e s t platform t o the :eve1 of the r n i n i ~ u mcircu::ference cf tne tinltl e . ,
t
iF
56) Lower Leg Depth, i!inirnux Circu;oference: Subject s i t s e r e c t , ugper arms .relaxed, forezrns and hands e;:tended forward horizcntal 1y. Thighs p3rall el a n d r e s t i n ? co;nj>letely on se-ax pan, laxer i e z s p ? r p e ~ d i c u l a rt c he f l c o r , f e e t r e s t i n g cn a horizontal piatform. Me2sure with a s l jding c a l s p e r t h e horizontal breadth a t t h e level of the minimum circumference of t h e a n k l e . ,
57) Lower Leg Breadth, llinimum Circunlference: Subject s i t s e r e c t , lipper arms re1 axed, iarearrns and hands ex~endedforward horizontal l y , t h i glis ;:aral iel a n d r e s t i n g cc::pletely on s e a t pan, lobier l a g s perpendicular t o the f i o o r , f e e t r e s t i n g on a norjzcntal platform. Measure with a s l i d i n g c a l i p e r the horizontal breadth a t t h e level of t h e minimum circumference of t h e ankle.
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58) Birnel l ear Breadth: Subiect s i t s e r e c t , upper arms re1 axed, forear~ris and har,ds cxtendild forward hor4izonxal l y , thighs paral 1 el and r e s t i n g cotnpl eti!ly on s e a t pan, lovier legs perpendicular t o the f l c o r , f c e t r e s t i n g on a h o r i zorlta'l pl atforin. :leasure trie breadth Inc tween the 1 a t e r a l and rnedial malleoli of t h c a n k l e . ----.--.-
59) .Sphyrion Heiyht: Subject :its e r e c t , upper arms r e l a x e d , forearms and hands cxtcndcd forward horizontal i y , thighs p a r a l l e l and testing completely an seat pan, lolver legs perpendicular t o t h e f l o o r , f e e t r e s t i n g on a h o r i zontal platforill. Plmsurc w i tl-I an anthropoiw t c r t h e perpendicular ciis tancc? froni the f o o t - r e s t platfor111t o .G l y r i o n .
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60) Foot Length: S i h j e c t si,ts e r e c t , tlppcr arms relaxcd, forearms and hf3nrls extended -Tor.wartl hor : ,:on t a l l y , th.ighs p a r a ? l e'l o.nd r c s t i ng compl ete1:y on sei1.t pan, lrre~.cr1 egs pcrpcrrr1.i culnr to "the .Floor ,, f e e t r e s t i n g on a hcari znntal p'la-t.form. I-leasure with a s"lidincj cd'l.ipcr the matimuin hclrizon.ta"l length p;;r;:l l ' p l t o t h e Ioncl irx.is of-' the f o o t -from h e e l to t o e . 61 )
FootBreeadth: S u l ~cj c t s i t s e r e c t , upper arms re1 axed, forearms and hands ex tended forward horiznntal l y . Thighs para 1 lo1 and r e s t i n g corllpl e t e l y on the s e a t pan, luwer legs pcrpendicular t o the f l o o r , f e z $ r e s t inrj on a horizontal pf(x"Lori?l. l4car,~.irewith 1' s l j d i n g cal i p e r t h e maximum breadth across tile d i s t a l ends o f the m e t a t a r s a l s .
62) Heel Breadth: Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms relaxed, f o r e a r m d n d hands c x t e c d c d forward h o r i z o n t a l l y , tni9hs paral le! and r e s t i n g c o r ~ l c t e l yon the s e a t piqYIs Io1~cr l e g s pcrpendicular t o the f l o o r , f e e t restiing on a t.~orizontal p1atfor;n. l~leclsure~t :h ia sl idinn cal i p e r the breadth of t h e heel across t h e calcaneous. -s u p e r i o r portion of t h e 63)
Shoul der-El how L e n ~ i h : Subject s i t s e r e c t , upper arms re1 axed, forearms and hands extended forward horizontal l s / . ;,leasure .t/i t h a bean anthror:on;eter thc d i s t a n c e para1 l e l t o t h e l o n l a x i j of t h e upper arm from acromion t o ' the i n f e r i o r t i n o f the 01 ecrancn Drocess.
64) Upper Arm Circ3i~.ference,A x i l l a : Subject s i t s e r e c t , uDper arms rel(3xed, forearns and nards ex:cnder! t'arv!?rd no~iz:ztall::. ivlezsure liii th a f 1 .xi bl e , s t e e l "iape, p e r ~ ? n z i c u ? a rt o tne long axis of t n e arm, the circumfert~nce of t h e arm a t the -a x i l l a . 65) Upper A r m Depth, P , x i l i a : Subject s i t s e r ~ c t ,upper a r m reiaxed, forearms and hands e,ixi.endcd ftjrli~ard r;orizontaliy. !~ino Schools. S j e c i a i F u b l i c a t i c n No. 4 , J.S. -. .+& -----Departincnt of h e a l t h , Education, and blelfare, IIAshingtoon, D . C .
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The Berkeley Growth Study.
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Meredith, H . V . 1935. The Rhythm of ~ h y s i k lGrowth. A Study o f 18 At1thropon:etric i~leasurementson Iowa C i t y ! h i t e Males Ranging i n Age Cetween G i r t h and +I3 Years. U n i v e r s i t y o f Iowa S'iudics-. ill Cnild \*!elfare, Vol. 1 1 , No. 3. --
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Meredith, H . V . a n d B. Boynton. 1937. The Triinsverse Grol,?ith of t h e E x t r e r n i t i ~ s , An Analysis of G i r t h Measure~xents f o r Arm, Forearn, Thigh a n d L e g Taken on Iowa C i t y C h i l d r e n . Human B i o l ~ V ,o l 9: 366-403.
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14,
O ' B r i e n , R . , M.A. G i r s h i c k , and E . P . H u n t . 1941, Bodv Mea.suremeritz of Ainerican Eo!!s - a r ~ d~ ' i r l sfor Garrrent 2nd --.--..--. P a t t e r n Ccnstruct1on. -. I!.;. 8epartri;ent of A g r i c u l ~ u k c , blisc. Pub1 i c a t i o r ; >4o. 306, Plashington, D . C .
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S t o u d t , H.lil., A . Da.rnon, and R . A . McFarland. 1960. Heiahts -u and ~ e i a h t sof \hit e ~ i e r l c a n s . American Rocket S o c i e t y -.ICI-.---.-----Technical Paper 1251 -69, iiew York.
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Young, J.W. 1966. -S---------e l e c t e d F a c i a l Measurements ofChildren --f o r Oxygen Mask Desiarl dl-2 O f f i c e 07 Aviation !4edicine, (,,A;? 66-65. Federal Aviation Agency, Okl aho~na C i t y ,
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UNPUBL JSt.lED DATA
17.
Reynolds, H.M.
18.
Team est.iniate.
Personal co~nmunication.
