Understanding cache attacks - Inria

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F or instance, some of these attacks are dedicated to embedded devices, some others .... This means that when timing a sequence of memory accesses, the number .... request to the targeted server ( Alice ) using Alice's public key (F igure 4) .
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Understanding cache attacks Anne Canteaut — Cédric Lauradoux — André Seznec

N° 5881 Avril 2006

ISSN 0249-6399

ISRN INRIA/RR--5881--FR+ENG

Thèmes COM et SYM

apport de recherche

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Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 Le Chesnay Cedex (France) Téléphone : +33 1 39 63 55 11 — Télécopie : +33 1 39 63 53 30

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