Universal Digital Device Automation and Control (Home and Industrial Appliance Automation) Sandeep Kumar, Mohammed A Qadeer Department of Computer Engineering Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Abstract-The Bluetooth-Kit (BT-Kit) and Microprocessor controlled device/appliance based automation are restricted to less flexible and dedicated control. This paper presents a digital method for controlling these devices in a form that is very flexible and can be used with Bluetooth, Microprocessor, PC enabled or otherwise automated and Smart Homes and Industries. Keywords-Smart Device, device status, D-Address, CSnSRS, BT-Kit, Smart Home, UDAC.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Device automation in the home, office and industry environment is an accepted and upcoming technology. The primary intentions behind this device automation were to attain high degree of comfort. A number of techniques have been proposed and implemented successfully to realize this automation. One of these techniques is Bluetooth controlled device Automation (mobile control) and other leading method is microprocessor enabled Smart Homes [1]-[5] and Smart Industries. Both of these techniques and also other require a dedicated device control mechanism. This mechanism is implemented with the use of various electrical, electronics Bluetooth devices [2].The present work is taken in view of the potential technology for devising a system that can work as an efficient interface to control these devices with different technologies. In this paper we present a digital circuit based system to control and automate device by different means. In particular, we introduce a “Power Saving Feature” and “Safe Mode Operation” and then show how theses feature make the devise automation efficient and reliable. Then we see this system can be treated as universal equipment usable with any controlling technique. The complete circuit can be implemented relatively at a low cost. This cost can be reduced if it is designed commercially. The system is not complex and with some modification can be used to realize Smart Homes [10] in which the intensity of light and speed of fan is also controlled with same controlling devise. After introducing some basic Literature on Smart Environment such as Remote Controlled Smart Homes and
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Bluetooth Enabled Smart Homes in Section-II, we work out the design of UDAC devices in Section-III and describe the two main features of UDAC in Section IV. In Section-V, we briefly describe the real time application of UDAC device with the PC-Controlled Devices. II. PRELIMINARIES In this section, we briefly review and compare some techniques used in the implementation of Smart Homes and Smart Industries described in Literature. We, also define some basic definition on an automation system. Finally we will describe the Controlling System (CS) that is the main theme of this paper. A. Device Automation Device automation involves the use of microprocessor based intelligence to integrate or control electronics as well as other devices. These devices include coffee makers, security systems, heating and cooling system, lighting control system or home theatre. Device automation allows the controlling and monitoring of various home or office appliances by a single system and brings greater convenience, better security as well as higher energy efficiency. There are some published automation examples such as [8] where the home was automated using dedicated network. [9] Proposed another approach where only a model was proposed without any implementation. B. Bluetooth Enabled Devcice Automation In [10] design of a Bluetooth based smart phone has been discussed whose main aim is to assist the physically disabled. Following figure shows the system design of a typical Bluetooth based smart phone:
Fig 1: Typical Design of a Bluetooth Based Smart Phone
The approximate cost of the used Bluetooth kit (BT-3000) is Rs.3,00,000 eq. to US$ 6000 which may be a good choice for highly sophisticated homes or industries, but not a good choice in general cases. Here if we remove the system by the
following figured out system than the cost is reduced substantially.
Fig 3: PC and X10 based Smart Homes
Fig 2: Proposed Design for Bluetooth based Smart Homes (Industry)
In place of “Master” we can apply any device that has capability to send and control signal to the controller. A number of techniques already have been developed and discussed in detail in [7]. With the advancement in mobile technology and other WAP based devices [4] it is a good choice to use such devices for end user controlling system. In place of “Slave” we can apply any device that can accept and understand the control signal sent by user through Master. After receiving these control signals we will transform these signals into digital signals. The output of the interfacing circuit is comprised of two parts, one to address the device whose status is to be changed, and the other representing the status of the device. The output of the slave system is transferred to Controlling System and Status Retaining System (CSnSRS) that selects the particular device according to the address receipt and sets its status accordingly. At the same time a memory is also associated with CS to retain the status of the devices. The design of the CS is the main topic of this paper and we will see in later sections. C. Automation Using X-10 Devices and PC In computers (PCs) communication ports (serial and parallel) are present for controlling devices and communication purposes. These ports can be programmed to control the devices to be automated through many techniques. One such technique is X10 which is explained in-depth in [1]. X10 protocol allows compatible products to talk to each other via the existing 110V electrical wiring, and thus reducing the extra unnecessary rewiring. In fig.3 it is shown that if home system is configured as server we can also access it from the web through HTTP protocol. Also with the addition of WAP enabled system, X10 devices can also be controlled from a mobile phone through WAP (Bluetooth). One problem with X10 was that noise filtering (as installed on computers as well as many modern appliances) may keep external noise out of X10 signals but noise filters not designed for X10 devices may filter out X10 signals.
The above figure shows the design of smart home system using PC and X10 based devices. Further problem is that if some how PC (Server) gets shut-down then the devices are not able to memorize their status. Both of these problems can be rectified if we modify the existing system with one which is based on our proposed Controlling System and Status Retaining System (CSnSRS). This is shown in the following figure;
Fig 4: Proposed PC and CSnSRS based Smart Homes (Smart Industries) which is a modified version of (3).
Again the complete design of CSnSRS is given. What is important is that it comprises of circuit which after receiving signals from parallel port (generally, but we can also use serial port) can change the status of the device addressed and also able to retain this status so that even after system is shutdown the device remain as it is. This feature will become more clear after discussing the design of CSnSRS system. In the later section we also see how to automate the home and industrial devices using PC through its parallel port. III. DESIGN OF CSNSRS In this section we will see the design of CSnSRS System -a common way to control and automate devices through different technique. We will start from black box design describing its main components and their functions to finally component level design. A. Input to and output from CSnSRS CSnSRS receives the device number and status of the device
as shown given in the following figure;
Fig 5: Input to and output from CSnSRS
CSnSRS receives the device number either from interfacing circuit or from Safe Mode Panel (in Emergency and troubleshooting conditions) and based on these inputs it changes the device status and also stores the updated status in the status memory. B. Internal Architecture of CSnSRS The following diagram (fig6) shows the internal design of CSnSRS. These are the components of a CSnSRS system 1. Combining Circuitry To Combine the input from Safe Mode Panel and from Interfacing circuitry 2. Decoder To decode the address 3. Status Memory to retain the status of devices. B.1 Combining Circuitry It comprises of n (total number of address lines) 2x1 multiplexers for address line and one for status line. It passes the input either from interfacing circuit or from Safe Mode Panel depending upon the control variable INT/SAF’. If it is 0 the system will we controlled by Safe Mode Panel otherwise it will be operated by interfacing circuits. Mathematically, Ai=Ii =Si S=Is
if INT/
=1
if INT/
=0
if INT/
=1
=0 =Ss if INT/ Where, Ai=ith address-bit for input of decoder Ii=ith address-bit from Interfacing Circuit Si=ith address-bit from Safe Mode Panel Is=Status bit from Safe Mode Panel Ss=Status Bit from Interface Circuit S=Updated Status to be stored in the Status Memory
Fig 6: Internal Architecture of CSnSRS
Following figure shows a single level of combining circuitry.
Fig 7: Combining Circuitry for ith-stage of address
B.2 Decoding Circuitry It is simply an n-line to 2n-line decoder. It decodes the address and finds the actual device. B.3 Status Memory It comprises of 2n D-flip flop (Asynchronous) and each flipflop is associated with a device and holds the status of the device. Following figure shows Status Memory, the complete circuit comprises of such 2n stages.
A. Interfacing With PC It is very easy to interface the CSnSRS system with PC through Parallel port because the output of the parallel port is already in digital form so there is no need to add extra hardware interfacing circuitry. At most we can use some buffers to avoid the excess flow of current because the current rating of different ports from different companies are generally found to be different. B. Controlling The parallel port Parallel ports (or LPT ports) can be controlled through common programming languages like C/ C++ or Java.
Fig.-8: Internal Structure of Status Retaining System
The Enable (or Strobe) inputs of all flip-flops are taken from decoder and D-input is common to all 2n flipflops. IV. FEATURES OF CSNSRS In this section we will see some important consequences of our proposed CSnSRS system design. A. “Power Saving” Mode Generally to retain the status of the device (especially if we are controlling devices through PC), it is not taken into consideration except in some more sophisticated systems. But the cost of such system may be so high so that this system is not applicable to medium level home or industry. But the proposed system is made to retain this information at a very low cost. In case of PC-Controlled devices we need not to run the PC all the time unnecessarily. The PC has to run only when a device’s status has to be changed. B. “Safe Mode” Operation This special mode operation is possible because of the inclusion of Safe Mode Panel. This mode is designed to work in the circumstances when you are unable to control/automate the devices via actual controlling device (e.g. failure of PC, Mobile phone, Bluetooth device etc.) and if you want to diagnoses the system. In such circumstances this mode provides a safe and secured automation. So this operation increases the reliability of the system. V. CSNSRS WITH PC CONTRLLOED DEVICE AUTOMATION In this section we will see how the CSnSRS system can be used with any type of Home Automation System. We will see this by designing a Home Automation System Using PC and CSnSRS.
If we are using C/C++ we have to use BIOS.H header file to use the functions outportb() or inportb() for outputting and inputting to and from parallel ports. On the otherhand, in Java the same task can be performed by using javax.comm API (called java communication API). VI. CONCLUSION We presented a universal method to control and automate devices in home as well as industrial environment. The “Safe Mode Operation” makes the system more reliable at the same time the “Power Saving Mode Operation” makes it efficient by removing unnecessary power stage to run-on the PC (or other control). This system provides a future to design a standard in automation industry and can become more useful if it is designed at the industry level as a single component. REFERENCES [1] N. Srikanthan, F. Tan, A. Karande, Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, “Bluetooth Based Home Automation System”, Journal Of Microprocessors and Microsystems, Vol 26,pp,281-289,2002 [2] N. Srikanthan, d. Tandon, and K.K. Lee, “Protocol for Plug and Play in Bluetooth Based Home Networks”, Contributed paper, Received January 2004 [3] K.k. Tan and C.Y. Soh, “Internet home control system using Bluetooth over WAP”, Engineering Science and Education Journal, August 2002 [4] Ali Zia Alkar Member, IEEE and Unit Buhur, “An internet based Wireless Home Automation System For multifunctional devices”, Contributed paper, receiped July, 2005 [5] M. Van Der Werff, X. Gui and W.L. Xu, Massey University, New Zealand, “A mobile based Home automation system” [6] Kwang Lee, Jae Weon Choi, School of Mechanical Engineering and Reasearch Institute of MechanicalTechnology, Pusan National University,Korea,“Remote Controlled Home Automation Ssytem via Bluetooth Home network” SICE annual conference in Fukui, August 2003, Japan [7] Neng-Shiang Liang, Li-Chen Fu, Chao-Lin Wu, “An integrated, flexible and internet based contrlled architecture for home automation system in the internet era”, Proceedings ICRA 2002.IEEE International conference on Robotics and automation, Vol 2 [8] J. C. Nunes and J. c. M. Delgado, “An internet application for home automation”, Electrotechnical conference, 2000 MELECON 10th Mediterranean, Vol 1 [9] Dimitar H. Stefanov, Zeungnam Bien, Won-chul bang, “The Smart House for older Persons and Persons with physically
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