Volume 4(2): December 2014 201
ISSN: 2248-9061 2248
International Journal of Biodiversity and Environment An Official Publication of Blue Planet Society
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International Journal of Biodiversity and Environment
International Journal of Biodiversity & Environment An official publication of the Blue Planet Society ISSN: 2248-9061
ISSN: 2248-9061 2248 Volume 4(2): December 2014
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Blue Planet Society is a registered non-profit non organization under Society Registration Act–1860 Act (Section – 21), Government of India to endeavour multifarious activities in the domains of health, education, on, environment and biodiversity to serve the humanity and nature.
Published on: 31 December 2014
Published by
THE PRESIDENT For BLUE PLANET SOCIETY 22-B/2, B/2, Katra Road, Allahabad – 211 002, India
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Volume 4(2): December 2014
ISSN: 2248-9061
EDITORIAL BOARD CHIEF EDITOR
EXECUTIVE EDITOR
Dr. H.P. Pandey
Dr. S.K. Chauhan
President Blue Planet Society, Allahabad, India Email:
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General Secretary Blue Planet Society, Allahabad, India Email:
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EDITORS Prof. J.S. Singh
Prof. D.K. Chauhan
Emeritus Professor of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India Email:
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Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India Email:
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Prof. A.K. Pandey
Prof. Tabreiz A. Khan
Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Email:
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Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Email:
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Prof. T. Pullaiah
Prof. S.K. Chaturvedi
Department of Botany, Sri Krishna Devaraya University, Anantapur, India Email:
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Department of Botany, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India Email:
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Prof. Ashwani Kumar Emeritus Professor of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India Email:
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Prof. S.K. Malhotra Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, India Email:
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Prof. D. Banerji Director, Baba Amte Centre for Peoples’ Empowerment, Dewas, M.P., India Email:
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Dr. Arvind Singh Negi Principal Scientist, Chemical Science Division, CIMAP-CSIR, Luckmow, India Email:
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Prof. T.R. Sahu Department of Botany, Dr. H, S. Gaur Sagar University, Sagar, India Email:
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Dr. M.R. Siddiqi Scientist Emeritus, Nematode Taxonomy Laboratory, England, United Kingdom Email:
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Prof. J.N.B. Bell Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom Email:
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Prof. Alpna Srivastava Head, Operatiom Mgt., Statistics Economics, Amity Business School, Amity University Lucknow, India Email:
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Prof. J.M.R.S. Bandara Department of Agricultural Biology, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Email:
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Prof. R.M. de Albuquerque Sardinha
Dr. S.N. Srivastava
CIIERT Instituto Piaget, Portugal Email:
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Ex. Head, Department of Botany, CMP College, University of Allahabad, India Email:
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Prof. M. Ajmal Khan
Dr. Veena Chandra
Distinguished National Professor, University of Karachi, Pakistan Email:
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Centre for Social Forestry & Eco-rehabilitation, Allahabad, India Email:
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[I]
Volume 4(2): December 2014
ISSN: 2248-9061
ASSOCIATE EDITORS Dr. S.K. Verma Officer in Charge, NBPGR Regional Station Shillong, Meghalaya, India Dr. S.L. Gupta Scientist, Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Central Regional Circle, Allahabad, India Dr. G.P. Sinha Scientist, Botanical Survey of India (BSI), Central Regional Circle, Allahabad, India Dr. Mukesh Pati Head, Department of Botany, E.C. College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India Dr. Sonali Chaturvedi Department of Botany, E.C. College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India Dr. Satya Narain Duthie Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India Dr. Radhika Department of Ancient Indian History & Archaeology, Awdhesh Praptap Singh University, Rewa, (M.P.) India Dr. N.K. Singh Head, Department of Botany, MLK (PG) College, Balrampur, India Dr. Jolly Garg Department of Botany, DAK (PG) College, Moradabad, India Er. Asif Raza Kidwai Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP-CSIR), Lucknow, India Dr. P.R. Singh Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India Allahabad, India Dr. Madhusudan Singh Institute of Professional Studies (IPS), University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
TECHNICAL ASSOCIATES Mr. Naseem Khan Mumbai, India: External Affairs and Project Management Mr. Suhel Ahmad Gurgaon, Haryana, India: Website and Data Management
Er. Ravi M. Jauhari Delhi, India: Technical and Resource Management Mr. Rajeev Mishra Allahabad, India: Graphic Desgning and Print Management [II]
ISSN: 2248-9061
Bioherald (Int. J. Biodiversity & Environment) Volume 4(2): December 2014 pp. 56-58.
Published on: 31/12/2014
Ex-situ conservation of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz using root suckers at experimental garden of Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, Allahabad *Vineet Singh and R. K. Singh Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, Allahabad – 211002 India *Email:
[email protected] (Corresponding author) (Received in August, 2014, Revised and accepted in November, 2014) In this contemporary era, medicinal plants play a very vital role in the current economy of our country. This account for 72% of India’s forest product exports and the demand for phytochemicals are expected to increase in future as a new frontier for trade. India has probably the oldest, richest and most diverse cultural traditions in the use of medicinal plants. The propagation of plants by vegetative means is practiced in the field of forestry and horticulture to obtain plants of desirable genetic constitution, for breeding programmes to improve growth, yield, quality, etc. and mass multiplication. There are various methods of vegetative propagation of important wild medicinal and economical plants. Propagation by using root suckers is one among them which is a very simple, convenient and economical method. This method can be potentially used for conservation of some highly important taxa both ex-situ and in-situ. Keywords: Ayurvedic medicine, ex-situ conservation, in-situ conservation, Oroxylum indicum.
The species Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz is a self-incompatible, partly deciduous tree 8-12 m high, growing throughout in deciduous forests of India and also distributed in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Philippines, China, Malaysia and Indonesia is a highly medicinal tree belonging to family Bignoniaceae. In India it is commonly known as Sonpatha, Shyonaka or Shivanak and in English as Broken bones tree, Indian trumpet tree, Midnight horror tree or Tree of Damocles. It is found up to an altitude of 1200 m mainly in ravines, in damp region and moist places in the forests (Anonymous, 1966; Dey, 1980). All the parts of this tree such as bark, leaves, root and seeds possess medicinal values and hence used in folk medicine and also in Ayurvedic medicine. This is recorded as a vulnerable species by the Govt. of India (Ravi & Ved, 2000) which may fall under the endangered category due to its unprecedented demand in pharmaceutical industries, slash and burn cultivation and habitat destruction. Due to the arbitrary collection, over exploitation and uprooting of whole plant bearing roots this valuable plant has become vulnerable in various places of our country.
The seeds are used in traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine, included in famous tonic formulations such as Chyawanprash and bark in Dasamularistha. Bark decoction is taken for curing gastric ulcer. Decoction of root bark is also effective to cure nasopharyngeal cancer (Mao, 2008), scabies and other skin diseases. It is also used as an astringent, antiinflammatory, antihelmintic, antirheumatic and in the treatment of bronchitis, jaundice, piles, smallpox, leucoderma, cardiac disorder, scabies, enlarged spleen, helminthiasis, gastropathy, hemorrhoids, cholera, leprosy, tuberculosis and snake-bite (Pal and Jain, 1998). In spite of having a great variety of adaptation in the floral morphology for successful chiropterophilous pollination mechanism (e.g. large flower that open at night with a wide mouth) by Eonycteris spelaea – the cave nectar bat (Srithongchuay et al., 2008), population size of the species has dwindled to reach endangered category due to poor seed setting. This species have a unique feature of having a relationship with actinomycetes Pseudonocardia oroxyli present in the soil surrounding the roots.
Vineet Singh & R.K. Singh
In the present study about 10 root suckers from the parent plant were detached and transplanted in the experimental garden, Botanical Survey of India, Central Regional Centre, Allahabad at 180 m altitude, 25°28′ North latitude and 81°51′ East longitude in the month of July 2012, among them only eight were survived, grows luxuriantly and surprisingly produced flowers within one year of duration in an usual manner. But fruit set is not observed may due to small size of the tree which may vary between 2-2.5 m high only acts as a pollination barrier pollinated by cave nectar bats. But this shows root suckers are much viable in this very less seed setting tree and flowered within a year which is a good sign for propagation and multiplication of this highly threatened, medicinal and religious tree.
57
flowered racemes, pubescent. Calyx c. 2.5 cm long, campanulate, coriaceous, glabrous. Corolla tube c. 6 cm long; lobes 5, subequal, with crisped margins. Stamens 5, exserted; filaments hairy at base. Capsules 35-60 x 5.2-9 cm, flat, tapering at both ends, boat-shape. Seeds 5-6 x 1.5 cm, winged. (cf. Fig. 1) Fls. & Frts.: July-December. Illus.: Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. tt. 1337 & 1338. 1848 (Calosanthes indica (L.) Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 761. 1826). Ecology: Occasional in the deciduous forests.
From the above investigation we can conclude that if these root suckers planted in a proper manner, provided suitable conditions may reproduce in such a rapid way as observed during the present study the population of this unique and important tree can be increased at a large scale for it’s in industrial exploitation. Population augmentation is essential for the species sustenance in wild. Under the present scenario this can best be achieved asexually through vegetative propagation by bulbs under ex-situ conditions and their reintroduction in natural habitat. It is therefore imperative that this vegetative propagation method if adopted can gradually boost up the site strength of the species in years to come and the above information open new horizons for studies in relation to the reproductive biology with the aim of species expansion in wild. Taxonomic description OROXYLUM Vent. 1 species in Indomal.; 1 in India (A monotypic genus). Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 237. 1877; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 378. 1884; T. Cooke, Fl. Pres. Bombay 2: 401. 1967 (Repr.); Talbot, For. Fl. Bombay 2: 306. 1911. Bignonia indica L., Sp. Pl. 625. 1753.
Fig. 1 (A-E): A – One year plantlets, B & C– Plantlets in flowering, D – Inflorescence, E – Closeup of flower
Acknowledgements Small deciduous trees, 8-12 m high. Bark grey, smooth. Leaves 2-3 pinnate; leaflets 2-4 pairs, 5.6-10 x 4.5-6.5 cm, ovate or ovate-elliptic, base rounded or cordate, often oblique, apex acuminate, subcoriaceous. Flowers yellowish-purple, in stout, terminal, many-
The authors are thankful to Dr. P. Singh, Director, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata and to the Head of office, Central Regional Centre, BSI, Allahabad for facilities and encouragement.
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Bioherald 4(2): Dec. 2014
References Anonymous, 1966. The Wealth of India: A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Indusrial Products; Raw Material Series. Publication and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi, India 7: 107-108. Dey, D.C. 1980. Indian Medicinal Plants used in Ayurvedic preparation. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun. 202. Mao, A.A., 2002. Oroxylum indicum Vent. – A potential anticancer medicinal plant. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 1 (1): 17-21.
Pal, D.C. & Jain, S.K. 1998. Tribal Medicine. Naya Prokash, 206 Bidhan sarani, Calcutta, pp. 197198. Ravi, K.K. & Ved, D.K., 2000. 100 Red listed medicinal plants of conservation concern in Southern India. Foundation for revitalization of local health traditions, Bangalore. India 1-467. Srithongchuay, T., Sripao-raya, E. & Bumrungsri, S. 2008. The pollination ecology of the late successional tree, Oroxylum indicum (Bignoniaceae) in Thailand. J. Tropical Ecology 24: 477-484.
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