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Wavelength Division Multiplexing-Mode Division Multiplexing for MMF in Access Networks Article in Advanced Science Letters · August 2017
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 5448–5451 (2017)
Copyright © 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America
Advanced Science Letters Vol. 23, 5448–5451(2017)
WDM-MDM for MMF in Access Networks Yousef Fazea1, Angela Amphawan1.2, and Hussein Abualrejal3 1Optical
Computing & Technology Laboratory, School of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia, Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 3School of Technology Management & Logistic, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
2Research
Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is widely deployed in fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) access networks. However, due to accelerating traffic bandwidth demands in FTTH, additional multiplexing is imperative. Mode division multiplexing (MDM) is a promising technique for increasing the capacity of FTTH access networks for smart cities. This paper analyzes the performance of a hybrid 25-channel WDM-MDM system using combinations of Laguerre-Gaussian radial mode number and different wavelengths as independent channels. A transmission speed of 30Gbit/s is achieved over a distance of 800 meters, at a central wavelength of 1550.12 nm. Keywords: WDM, MDM, FTTH, multiplexing
1. INTRODUCTION The delivery of high-speed integrated multimedia services simultaneously at different service-level specifications over a single channel is a very important consumer requirement. Optical fiber is a promising candidate for providing integrated services at substantially high bandwidth, reach and reliability in smart cities1 2, 3. Around the world, government and private enterprises are realizing the value of fiber-to-thehome (FTTH) and as a result, millions of homes and businesses are increasingly being connected over optical fiber each year 1, 4-6. For enabling medium-sharing infrastructure in FTTH networks, several multiple-inputmultiple-output systems have been proposed for FTTH access networks 5, 7. These architectures can be divided into two broad categories: the passive optical networks (PON)5 and active optical networks (AON). Nextgeneration PON Stage 2 (NG-PON2) capable of 40Gb/s was standardized in 2013 by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). The continuous escalation of data traffic in FTTH has stimulated researchers around the world to explore various multiplexing techniques in access networks to increase the capacity and transmission distance. Most of these multiplexing schemes for access networks are based on wavelength 8 , time 9, hybrid time-wavelength * Email Address:
[email protected] 1
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, polarization 11 or code 12 dimensions. Mode division multiplexing (MDM) has recently gained remarkable attention as an innovative technology that increases the aggregated data rate by capitalizing on the abundance of modes in multimode fiber or few mode fiber. In MDM, separate channels are transmitted in parallel and multiplexed over a single optical fiber13, resulting in the ability to optimize the differences in modal time propagation delays14. Significant work has been demonstrated in MDM employing spatial light modulators15-19, fiber gratings20, 21, digital signal processing22, 23 and different incident modal profiles 24-29. At the receiver part, signals will be demultiplexed based on modal characteristics30. For PON architectures, hybrid mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and timedivision multiplexing (TDM) was deployed using orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. 31 In this paper, rather than complementing the mode dimension by time, the wavelength dimension was utilized. Also, LaguerreGaussian (LG) modes were launched instead of OAM modes. This paper analyzes the performance of a hybrid 25-channel WDM-MDM using LG modes from a VCSEL array through the transverse electric field, eye diagram and bit-error-rate (BER). This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the WDM-MDM model. Section 3 reports on2 the results and discussions. The conclusion and future directions is presented in Section 4.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 5448–5451, 2017
Fig.1. WDM-MDM of LG modes in access networks polarization only. The power from each VCSEL is assumed to be emitted uniformly into Laguerre-Gaussian beams of 5m in maximum diameter. For all oddnumbered VCSELs, radial mode numbers, m = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 are excited, while the azimuthal mode numbers, l is fixed. For all even-numbered VCSELs, radial mode numbers, m = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 are excited, while the azimuthal mode numbers, l is fixed. The azimuthal mode numbers, l = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 are used, where each VCSEL excites a single distinct azimuthal mode number. The transverse modal electric fields are calculated analytically based on the wavelength of each VCSEL.
2. SIMULATION OF WDM-MDM MODEL The WDM-MDM model depicted in Fig. 1 was designed in OptSim 5.232. Five vertical cavity emitting lasers (VCSELs) which lase at five wavelengths, λ1 to λ5 between 1546.92nm and 1553.33nm, based on the ITU grid, separated by 1.6nm with a center wavelength of 1550.12nm were used. The five VCSELs were driven by separate PRBS electrical signals to generate independent binary sequences which are none-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulated. The VCSELs emit power in the x-
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) (e) (f) Fig. 2 (a) to (e). Total incident spatial electric field for each VCSEL. (f) Total spatial electric field of (a) to (e) after the multiplexer, incident on the MMF input.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 5448–5451 (2017)
The power-coupling coefficient between the output field of each VCSELs and each transverse modal field of the MMF is calculated as follows:
clm
2
0
0
Ein (r , ) Elm* (r , ) r dr d
emits LG modes of l=7 and m=0,1,2,3,4. Fig. 2(e) indicates the transverse field from VCSEL 5 at λ5 = 1546.92 nm which emits LG mode of l=9 and m=6,7,8,9,10. Fig. 2(f) indicates the total incident field of (a) to (e) after the multiplexer. The five VCSELs signals are then combined using a wavelength division multiplexer. The total incident field at the MMF input from the five VCSELs are then combined, as shown in Fig. 2(f). The signal propagates through a multimode fiber. Dispersion, attenuation, and power modal coupling have been taken into consideration. At the receiver, the signal is analyzed using a BER tester. The aggregate multiplexed VCSEL spatial signal is also examined.
(1)
where Ein is the incident electric field on the multimode fiber (MMF) and Elm is the transverse modal electric field for LGlm .The total incident spatial electric field at the MMF input from each VCSEL may be described as: Ein (r,f ,t) = Ein (r,f )Ein (t) ì ï ï =í ï ï î
2n-1 l=1
å
4
clm Elm (r,f )Ein (t),
for n = 1,3,5
clm Elm (r,f )Ein (t)
for n = 2,4
m=0
2n-1
å
l=1
10
m=6
(2)
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION At the receiver, after all the signals are demultiplexed, the spatial electric field was observed, reported in Fig. 3, to measure the amount of mode coupling. It is evident that the spatial field no longer resembles Fig. 2 due to a small amount of mode coupling. This confirmed through the clean eye diagrams for all channel, one of which is reported in Fig. 4. The BER for all channels are given in Table 1.
where n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is the VCSEL number. The total incident spatial electric field for each VCSEL is shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2(a) illustrates the transverse field at λ1=1553.33 with incident LG mode of l=1 and m=0,1,2,3,4 from VCSEL 1. Fig. 2(b) indicates the transverse field from VCSEL 2 at λ2=1551.72 nm which emits LG mode of l=3 and m=6,7,8,9,10. Fig. 2(c) indicates the transverse field from VCSEL 3 at λ3=1550.12 nm which emits LG mode of l=5 and m=0,1,2,3,4. Fig. 2(d) indicates the transverse field from VCSEL 4 at λ4=1548.52 nm which
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d) (e) (f) Fig. 3 (a) to (e). Total incident spatial electric field for each VCSEL. (f) Total spatial electric field of (a) to (e) after the demultiplexer, incident on the MMF input.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Adv. Sci. Lett. 23, 5448–5451, 2017
6 7
8
9
Fig. 4. Eye Diagram of a center wavelength 1550.12nm Table.1. BER at different wavelength
11
Wavelength
.
10
BER
λ1
7.80 × 10-09
λ2
2.17 × 10-10
λ3
1.00 × 10-12
λ4
2.17 × 10-10
λ5
4.33 × 10-11
4. CONCLUSION In this paper, a 25-channel WDM-MDM-PON architecture at a center wavelength of 1550.12nm was designed using combinations of LG radial mode numbers at different wavelengths as independent channels. A transmission speed of 5x6Gbit/s has been achieved over a distance of 800m, using five VCSELs separated at 1.6nm. The proposed WDM-MDM-PON architecture has potential applications in multiplexing channels for optical interconnects in data centers or other smart city applications.
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