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[email protected]
r.
SPECIES
COMPOSITION
OF STREAM MACROZOOBENTHOS FOR BIODIVERSITY N. S. Baturina, M. G. Sergeev
2,
AS RESERVE
Species diversity of macrozoobenthos was studied in the small River Zyrianka in the souther part of Novosivirsk vicinities in June and August, 2007. Several model plots with different hydroc logical characteristics were determined in the stream. Macrozoobenthos of each plot was explored by different methods of sampling. Water quaility was also estimated. Species diversities of all plots and seasonal changes of diversity on each plot were compared by Jaccard's index. 47 species of macrozoobenthos were found. 11 of them may be used as indicators of ecosystem changes. These studies show that hydrological differences of streams can support a high level of species diversity of macrozoobenthos.
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11HCTHTyT6HOJIOrH4eCKHXnp06JIeM CeBepa ,nBO PAH, r. MaraAan, (41322)635653, CONSERVATION
OF
The list of rare vascular
yJI.nopToBaJl,18,
[email protected]
RARE
PLANTS
A.N. Berkutenko,
IN MAGADAN
REGION
A.N. Polezhaev
plants of Magadan
edition of Red Data book of Magadan
OIiJIACTH
region
is given that was prepared for the first
region.
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necKapb Romanogobio albipinnatus (Lukasch, 1933), BnepBble 06HapYJKeHHbIii B 06naCTH B 2004 ro,!{y MHxeeBbIM B.A. H AJIeeOblM .T. B CTapoMaHHcKoM 3aJIHBe KyH6bIIlIeBcKoro BO,!{OXpaHHJ1Hma. B HaCTOlllllee opeMli OH OTMe'leH HaMH ellie B HeCKonbKHX TO'IKax: p.Cenb,!{b (Y nLllHOBCKHH p-H), p.CoHlira (B npe,!{enax r.YnbliHoBcKa), p.Ii.4epeM'lllaH (MeneKeccKHH p-H) H KyH6b1111eBCKoe oo,!{oxpaHHnHllle (YH.I\0PCKHH H YnbliHoBcKHH nnecbl).
COXPAHEHHE
JiHOPA3HOOJiPA3W1 Ha3apeuKo
B H3MAUOBCKOM Jl.B./ • ]azocKuua H.B.2
DAPKE
r. MOCKBhI
IMoCKOOCKHH rOp0.l\CKOH ne.l\arOrH'IeCKHH YHHBepcHTeT, 105568, MOCKBa, yn. 4e'lynHHa .1\.1,
[email protected] 2HHCTHTYT 0,95) Ha HeKoTopblX naceKax MOlKrHHCKOrOH 3aBbllJIOBCKOro paHoHoB, a Ii 60JIbIllHHCTBe ApyrHX paHoHax Ha6JIIOAaJIaCb AOBOJIbHO HH3Kali 'IaCTOTa KOM6HHaI1HH pw «0.70), 'ITO CBHAeTeJIbCTByeT0 3aB03e n'IeJI IOlKHblXnOABHAOB(Ta6JI. 2). ' Pe3YJIbTaThI MOJIeKyJIJlpHO-reHeTH'IeCKOrO H MOp$OJIOrH'IeCKOrO MeTOAOB 60JIee 'IeM HI 66% COBnaJIH B MOlKrHHCKOMpaHoHe, a B llIapKaHcKoM OKa3aJIHCbAHaMeTpaJIbHO npoTHBOnOJIOiKeHbI. 3TO n03BOJIlieT yTBeplKAaTb 0 TOM, 'ITO nonYJIlII1HJI n'IeJI MOlKrHHCKOro paHOHa AeHCTBH" TeJIbHO OTHOCHTCJIK nOABHAYAm.mellifera, TorAa KaK BO Bcex OCTaJIbHblXpaHOHax n'IeJIbl B03MOlKHOrH6pHAH30BaHbl C n'IeJIaMH IOlKHblXnOABHAOB. TaKHM 06pa30M, npOBeAeHHble HCCJIeAOBaHHlInOKa3aJIH TaKlKe, 'ITO HH OAHHH3 HCnOJIb30BaHHblX MeTOAOBHe CTOHTa6COJIIOTH3HpOBaTb. I10CKOJIbKy a60pHreHHblMH n'IeJIaMH ):\!Ill Bcero
I10BOJIlKbJl,B TOM 'IHCJIe H YAMypTCKOH Pecny6JIHKe 6bJ!IH cpeAHepyccKHe n'IeJIbl, TO eCTb n'IeJILJ nOABHAa Apis mellifera mellifera L, a 3aBe3eHHble ceMbH IOlKHblXnOABHAOBCOCTaBJIliJIHHe60JIL' IlI0H npOI1eHT OT 06lllero KOJIH'IeCTBapa3BOAHMhlX n'IeJI, 3TO npHBeJIO K TOMy, 'ITO 60JIbIllaJl 'IaCTLt MeCTHblXn'IeJI HMeeT rH6pHAH3aI1HIO no MylKCKOHJIHHHH, KOTOpylO HCnOJIb30BaHHblH MOJIeKYJIlJIl~I· ••• Ho-reHeTH'IeCKHH MeTOA, K COlKaJIeHHIO,onpeAeJIHTb He MOlKeT. C ApyroH CTOpOHbl 60llbIllaJl Da- ; pHa6eJIbHOCTb MOp$OJIOrH'IeCKHX npH3HaKOB nOJlBHBIlIaJlCJIB pe3YJIbTaTe rH6pHAH3aI1HH npHBeJJS! K TOMy, 'ITO 'IaCTb nOMeCHbIX n'IeJI MOlKeTno 3KCTepbepy COOTBeTCTBOBaTb Am.mellifera, He JlBJJ'" i lICb TaKOBOHHa caMOM AeJIe. I103TOMY AOCTOBepHble pe3YJIbTaTbl MorYT 6blTb nOJIy'IeHbl TOllbKO npH HcnOJIb30BaHHH KaK Mop$OJIOrH'IeCKHX, TaK H MOJIeKyJIJlpHO-reHeTH'IeCKHXMeTOAOBHccJIei\o-l BaHHJI,OXBaTblBalOlllHXHe TOJIbKOMHTOXOHi\PHaJIbHbIH,HO H Jli\epHblH reHOMbI. I'
J,
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AI.,
HOCK06a
M.A.
MOPi\OBCKHHrocYi\apCTBeHHblH yHHBepcllTeT HMeHH H.I1. OrapeBa,
MACROZOOBENTOS
namics
OF THE RIVER ISSA (BIODIVERSITY, AG. KamelJev, J.A Noskova
r. CapaHcK
DYNAMICS, PRODUCTION)
Biodiversity of macrozoobentos on the investigated site of the Issa river are 57 species; dyof development: 750-2580 individ.lm2 and 21,67-80,16 g/m2; a pure production of bentos:
190,89-329,63 kJ/m2• MaJIble peKH - «KpoBeHocHble COCYi\bl 60JIbIllHX peK», KOTOpblX B POCCHH He MeHee 2,5 MJIH. (fOH'IapOB, 2001; P03eH6epr, 3HH'IeHKO, 2001). Oi\HOH H3 TaKHXpeK I1~HMoKIlIaHbJl JlBJIlIeTCli p. Hcca, HMelOlllaJl npOTJllKeHHocTb133 KM H nJIOlllai\b 6acceHHa 2500 KM H B rHi\p06HOIIOrH" 'IeCKOM OTHOIlleHHHH3y'IeHa MaJIO. I103TOMy Ka$ei\pOH 300JIOrHH MOPi\OBCKOro yHHBepCHTeTa B lIeTHHH ce30H (HIOHb-aBrycT) 2007r. 6blJIH npOBei\eHbl Ha6JIIOi\eHHJI H c60p rHAp06HOJIOrH'IeCKoro MaTepHaJIa (MaKp03006eHToca) Ha y'IaCTKe peKH: c. HHlKHJIJIBJl3epa - c. PYCCKBliI1aeBKa. OT6op np06 6eHToca BbJlJOJIHeH no 06lllenpHHJlTOH B rHi\P06HOIIOrHH MeTOi\HKe. Bcero nOJIy'IeHO 48 np06. 06pa60TKa nOJIy'IeHHOrO MaTepHaJIa H Bce paC'IeThI OCYllleCTBJIeHblKaK H B npei\h1i\YlWlx HaIllHX HCCllei\OBaHHJlX(KaMeHeB, 1993, 2002). oHopa3H006pa3He MaKp03006eHToca HCCllei\OBaHHOro y'IaCTKa p. HCCbl xapaKTepH30BaJIoeb 57 BHi\aMH MaKp06ecn03BOHO'lHblX: OJIHrOXeTbl - 8, MOJIIlIOCKH- 21, cTPeK03bl - 5, lKyKH - 3, K!IOnbl - 3, nOi\eHKH - 4, BHCJIoKpblJIhle - 1, ):IBYKphlJIble (XHpOHOMHi\bl) - 12. feTepoTOnHblH H rOMoTonHblH MaKp03006eHToc XapaKTepH30BaJICJI nO'lTH O):lHHaKOBbIM'1HCJIOMTaKCOHOB:27 H 29 COOTBeTCTBeHHO. B COCTaBe rOMoTonHoro 6eHToca no KOJIH'IeCTBYBHi\OB3aMeTHO npeBaJIHpOBanll' MOJIJIIOCKH (21 BH):I), rerepoTOnHoro - JIH'IHHKH XHpOHOMHi\ (12). Ha BepxHeM Y'laCTKe peKH (c. HHlKHlIJIBJl3epa) 3aperHcTPHpoBaHo 29 BH):IOB,B paHoHe r. HHcapa - 32 H Y c. PyccKaJl I1aeBK838. fpynnHpoBKy ):IOMHHHPYlOlllHXBH):IOB-6eHToHToBCOCTaBJIJlJIHLimlJodrilus hoffmeisteri Clap.,
Lumbriculus variegatus glesa supina A. Schmidt 3epa - c. PyccKali
MUll.
(paHoH
Sialis lutaria F. (r. Chironomus PYCCKali IlaeBKa). 3"m
IlaeBKa),
tus Kieff. (c. HHlKHlIli gripekovelli Kieff. (c.
Valvata piscinalis MUll. (c. HHlKHlIli B1I3epa), EuPolymitarcys virgo Oliv. (c. HHlKHlIli BlIMHcap - PyCCKali IlaeBKa), Cryptochironomus defecdorsalis Meig. (c. HHlKHlIli B1I3epa), Glyptotelldipes
r. MHcap),
(r. MHcap - c. PyccKali
B1I3epa),
IlaeBKa),
lKe BHi\bl B i\pyrHX
HCCJIei\OBaHHhlX paHoHax,
YKa3aHHbix (B cK06Kax),
KaK npaBHJIO, lIBJIlIJIHCb BHi\aMH-cy6i\OMHHaHTaMH.
nneKC cy6i\OMHHaHTHblx
BHi\OB BXOi\HJIH:
taculata L. (r. MHcap - c. PyccKali Ka), Gomphus vulgatissimus L. (I'. pa - PyccKali
IlaeBKa).
Bce i\pyrHe
KpoMe
KpoMe
1'01'0 B KOM-
Limnaea ovata Drap. (c. PyCCKali IlaeBKa), BithYllia tellAmesoda salida Norm. (I'. MHcap - c. PyccKali fIaeB- c. PyccKali fIaeBKa), Ch. plumosus L. (c. HHlKHlIli B1I3e-
IlaeBKa), MHcap
BHi\bl 6eHToHToB,
Haiii\eHHble
Ha HCCJIei\OBaHIIOM y'laCTKe
Hc-
Chi, KaK npaBHJIO, pei\KHe BHi\hI. KOJIH'leCTBeHHoe
pa3BHTHe MaKpOJo06elIToca
TepH30BaJIOCb i\HHaMHKoH
r/M2.
MaKp03006eHToc
'lHCJIeHHOCTH B npei\eJIax
peKH B paHoHe
c. HHlKHlIli
p. MCCbl Ha HCCJIei\OBaHHOM y'laCTKe xapaK750-2580 3K3./M2, 6HoMacca - 21,67-80,16
B1I3epa B JIeTHHe MeClIUbl OTJIH'laJICli 3aMeTIIoH
cTa6HJIbHOCTblO 6HoMaccbl (21,67-22,92 r/M\ a em 'lHCJIeHHOCTb H3MeHlIJIaCb 60JIee 'leM B 3 paJa (800-2580 3K3./M2). Ri\po MaKp03006eHToca 3i\eCb COCTaBJIliJIH JIH'lHHKH nOi\eHOK H XHpOHOMHi\. 2 BbICOKOH 'lHCJIeIIHOCTblO JIH'lHHKH nOi\eHOK OTJIH'laJIHCb B HIOHe (580 3K3./M ) H ceHTlI6pe (630 2 3K3./M ), xapaKTepH3yllcb B 3TH nepHOi\bl TaKlKe BblCOKOH 6HoMaccoH: 18,50 H 18,74 r/M2. fIHK 2 2 'lHCJIeHHOCTHJIH'lHHOK XHpOHOMHi\ OTMe'leH B HIOHe (2580 3K3./M ) npH 6HoMacce - 3,98 r/M . MaKp03006eHToc
p. MCCbl B paHoHe r. MHcapa xapaKTepH30BaJICli
B 60JIee Y3KOM i\Hana30He
(no cpaBHeHHIO C npei\bli\Yll\HM
i\HHaMHKoH
890-1000
y'laCTKoM):
'l~CJIeHIIOCTH
3K3./M-, 6HoMacca
46,17-80,16 r/M2. OCHOBY 'lHCJIeHHOCTH onpei\eJIliJIH OJIH(32,5%), B cyMMapHoM OTHOllIeHHH COCTaBJIliOIIIHe 77% ee
H3MeWIJIaCb Ha 60JIee BblCOKOM ypoBHe: roxeTbl 06ll\eH
(46,4%)
OeJIH'lHHbl. OCHOBy 6HoMacchI
CKH, OllHroxeTbl, BeHHO:
H JIH'lHHOK nOi\eHOK
llH'lHHKH
H ee i\HHaMHKY
MaKp06eHTole
POCT COMA (SILVRVS
06.JIaCTH
1-, 1758) CYPClCoro BO~OXPAHHJIBU"
GIANlS
p. Cypa
H QE60lCCAPClCoro
Kne6aKUIf A.A., MUIfIm A.E., MOpe6a O.A. HHlKeropo~cKali JIa60paropHli rHY rocHHOPX, r. H.HoBropo~, MOCKOBCKOC llIocce,~.
243-15-66,
31, T.
eApa 6oTaHHKH, 127550 MocKBa, yJl. THMHp1I3eBcKalI, 49, TeJl. (495) 9761618, lj>aKc (495) 9760420, e-mail:
[email protected] 2MocKoBcKHH rocYAapcTBeHHblH yHHBepcHTeT HM. M.B.JIoMoHocoBa, MY3eH 3eMJleBeAeHHlI; 119191, POCCHlI, r. MocKBa, TeJlelj>oH: (495)932-89-82; et>aKc: (495)939-14-15; e-mail:
[email protected].
CYTOECOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SPECIES MALUS MILL. WITH REGARD TO ITS ADAPTATION TO MOUNTAIN CONDITIONS T.H. Kumachova1,
M.M.
Pikulenko
2
A study was made of the cytoecological peculiarities of the Malus domestica cultivated at different heights above sea level in the mountains of the Northern Caucasus. It has been clearly shown, that the higher is the altitude of growth, the less thylakoids are contained in hypoderm cells of grana. But as soon as plastids are concerned, their amount becomes twice as many at high altitudes as compared with fruits that are grown in the plains. Chloroplasts in this case (j.e.at high altitudes) are much more closely connected with each other. Sometimes one overlies another at that. Moreover both contacts between chloroplasts themselves and with mitochondria are often observed. Furthermore, there are quite a number of cases when chloroplasts merge with one another and intensive fission of chloroplasts is observed, especially in the opening stages of fruit development. In addition, the comparison of fluorescence parameters under influence of light and without illumination has shown that the photochemical efficiency of noncyclic electron flow in valley fruits does not change significantly upon variations in light intensity. Conversely, in preparations of-mountain fruits, the photochemical efficiency decreased substantially with light intensity. This registered difference in photosynthetic activity and structural changes of the chloroplasts in fruit cells are seemingly caused by ultraviolet rays and sharp drops in temperature in the mountains. All in all, we may consider them as means of adaptation which plant uses in order to adjust to mountain conditions. Bce YBeJlH'IHBalOll\eecli aHTPonoreHHoe B03AeHcTBHe H nepMaHeHTHo H3MeHlIlOll\HeCli YCJlOBHlI BHewHeH cpeAbI CHCTeMaTH'IeCKH npHBoAliT K yrp03e HC'Ie3HOBeHHlI OTAeJlbHblX BHAOB II HapyweHHIO 3KOCHCTeM. B CB1I3HC 3THM, KOMnJleKCHOe H3y'leHHe paCTHTeJlbHblX c006ll\eCTB B HaCTOlIll\ee BpeMli llBJllIeTCli npHopHTeTHblM HanpaBJIeHHeM cOBpeMeHHoH lj>YHAaMeHTaJIbHOH 6HOJlOfHH H 3KOJlOfHH, C l.leJiblO paJpa60TKH Mep no coxpaHeHHIO, peryJlHpOBaHHIO H BOCCTaHOBJleHHIO 6Hopa3Ho06paJHJI. OAHHM H3 nepCneKTHBHblX nyTeH peweHHlI 3TOH 3a)\a'lH lIBJIJleTCli BbllIBJleHHe aAanTHBHblX MexaHH3MOB, 3a)\eHcTBoBaHHblx paCTeHHlIMH AJIli ycnelllHoro 3aBepWeHHJI nporpaMMbl OHToreHe3a npH AeHcTBHH AJIHTeJIbHblX cTPeccoBbix lj>aKTOpOB cpeAbi. B nOM nJiaHe, pe3YJlbTaTbi HCCJleAOBaHHH l.lHT03KOJlOfH'IeCKHX oc06eHHOCTeH penpoAyKTHBHblX opraHOB paCTeHHH, Ha Haw B3rJllIA, nOMOryT BbIJIBHTb YHHBepCaJIbHble MapKepbl, KOTopble MOryT 6b1Tb nOJlOJKeHbI B OCHOBy MeTOAOB nporH0311poBaHHJI H paHHeH perHCTPal.lHH CTPYKTYPHO-
LJe60KcapCKoe BOAoxpaHltnltll\e pacnonolKeHo 0 npoMbIllIneHHo Pa3BHTOMpemoHe C BbICOKoii aHTponoreHHoii Harpy3Koii Ha TeppltTOpltH HltlKeropoAcKOii 06nacTIt, Pecny6nHK Mapltii-3n It LJyoalllltli. llpOMbIllIneHHble It 6bITOBbIeCTOKHKpynHbIx ropoAoB, a TaKlKeCTOKC cenbx03yroAHii 3Ha'lltTenbHO BnHlIlOTHa Ka'leCTBOBOAblBOAOXpaHltnHll.\a.ll03TOMy perynllpHali oueHKa ero 3KOnor",leCKoro COCTOllHHlI aKTYBnbHa. B '1HCnO06113aTenbHbIx nOKa3aTeneii COCTOllHIIlIBOAHblX3KOCltCTeMBXOAltTIIX TPo
