Zootaxa,Vietnamese species of Stenopsyche McLachlan (Trichoptera ...

Zootaxa 1624: 1–15 (2007) www.mapress.com / zootaxa/

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ZOOTAXA

Vietnamese species of Stenopsyche McLachlan (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae) DUC HUY HOANG & YEON JAE BAE* Department of Biology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 139-774, Korea [email protected] *Corresponding author

Abstract Larvae of the net-spinning caddisfly Stenopsyche McLachlan are very common in Vietnamese streams. Six species of Stenopsyche have previously been recorded from Vietnam. Based on comprehensive field studies throughout Vietnam between 2001 and 2003, the following species of Stenopsyche were recognized from the country: S. angustata Martynov 1930 (new Vietnamese record: male, female, and larva), S. dakpri sp. nov. (male, female, and larva), S. siamensis Martynov 1931 (new Vietnamese record: male, female, and larva), S. ulmeri Navás 1932 (male, female, and larva), and two additional larval forms (Stenopsyche sp. 1 and Stenopsyche sp. 2). Stenopsyche coomani Navás 1932, S. fissa Navás 1932, and S. vicina Navás 1932 are designated as nomina dubia. The new species and the newly discovered stages (female and larva of S. angustata Martynov and S. ulmeri Navás and larve of Stenopsyche sp. 1 and Stenopsyche sp. 2) are described and figured. Diagnoses, taxonomic remarks, and keys to males and larvae of all known Vietnamese Stenopsyche species are provided. Key words: Stenopsychidae, Stenopsyche, Stenopsyche dakpri, net-spinning caddisflies, taxonomy, Vietnam

Introduction Larvae of Stenopsychidae are the largest in body size (length 30–52 mm) among net-spinning caddisflies, and they constitute a major component of the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in tropical Asian streams. The family comprises more than 94 species in the genera Stenopsyche McLachlan, Stenopsychodes Ulmer, and Pseudostenopsyche Doehler (Schmid 1969, Weaver 1987, Tian 1988). The genus Stenopsyche contains over 81 species and is distributed in the Oriental and East Palaearctic Regions, while Stenopsychodes and Pseudostenopsyche are limited to the Australian Region and the Chilean Subregion of Neotropical Region, respectively. In the Oriental Region, more than 64 species of Stenopsyche are known, but only nine of them are distributed in Southeast Asia. Six species of Stenopsyche were described from Vietnam by Navás (1930, 1932): S. coomani Navás 1932, S. fissa Navás 1932, S. hamata Navás 1930, S. ulmeri Navás 1932, S. uncinata Navás 1930, and S. vicina Navás 1932. Mey (1995) also reported S. ulmeri Navás and S. uncinata Navás from Vietnam. In this paper, we report six species of Stenopsyche including one new species, two new Vietnamese records, and two additional larval forms.

Material and Methods Adult and larval caddisflies were collected throughout Vietnam between 2001 and 2003. Some adults were associated with larvae based on larval sclerites left in the posterior part of the pupal cocoon. All material is Accepted by R. Holzenthal: 20 Sept. 2007; published: 29 Oct. 2007

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preserved in 80 % ethanol and deposited in the Aquatic Insect Collection of Seoul Women’s University (SWU-AIC). Length is measured in mm unless otherwise indicated. We recognize the classification of Stenopsyche and terminology provided by Schmid (1969).

Genus Stenopsyche McLachlan Stenopsyche McLachlan 1866: 264. Type species: Stenopsyche griseipennis McLachlan.

Adult. Head relatively short; ocelli large. Forewings 14–29 mm, relatively long, narrow, elliptical with blunt apex, brown with many light speckles. Hind wing relatively short, white, opaque, with relatively large anal area. Tibial spurs of fore, mid, and hind leg 3.4.4 (except reduced in species of S. sauteri-group and males of S. siamensis). Male genitalia segment IX with blunt apicolateral angle; segment X small, moderately sclerotized, flanked laterally by intermediate appendages; preanal appendages very long, forming pair of large oval forceps; inferior appendages with tongue-like strips, with long, heavily sclerotized glabrous superior arm directed posterodorsally; phallus with heavily sclerotized phallobase, with membranous endotheca; endotheca with strongly developed armature of spines. Larva. Live specimens greenish dark brown. Body relatively large, 30–52 mm; sclerites yellowish to blackish brown, with dark distinct punctate pattern. Head oblong, narrow. Labrum robust, broad, with dense brush of gray hairs anterolaterally. Mandibles strong, black, with apical teeth; left mandible with brush of setae in median depression. Mentum large; submentum with round process medially. Prothorax as broad as head; posterior prosternite wide, elongate laterally. Forecoxae with two dorsal processes. Remarks. Schmid (1969) recognized six species groups of Stenopsyche by adult characters and three of them, the apiguna-group, the marmorata-group, and the pubescens-group, occur in Vietnam (see Key to Vietnamese Species of Stenopsyche, below). Stenopsyche coomani Navás 1932 (originally described from Hoa Binh Province), S. fissa Navás 1932 (originally described from Lao Cai Province), and S. vicina Navás 1932 (originally described from Lao Cai Province) are regarded as nomina dubia (see Remarks under the species treated, below). Specimens of S. hamata Navás 1930 (originally described from Ha Tay Province) and S. uncinata Navás 1930 (originally described from Vinh Phuc Province) were not available for study.

Stenopsyche angustata Martynov 1930 (Figs. 1a–h) Stenopsyche angustata Martynov 1930: 74 (male; Chin Fu San, Southwestern China); Schmid 1969: 201 (male; redescription).

Male. Body 13 mm; forewings 20–21 mm; antennae 35–38 mm. The male was described in detail by Martynov (1930). Female. Body 14 mm; forewings 21 mm. Head: Antennae 28–30 mm, dark brown. Female genitalia (Figs. 1a–1c): Segment VIII with strongly setose sternite. Segment IX and X fused; segment IX sclerotized, short, dark brown; segment X membranous, brown, with posterolateral corners forming small semisclerotized setose lobes. Gonopore with pair of hairy vulvar scales. Segment XI with two pairs of lobes; posteroventral membranous lobes dark brown, basally broad with tiny cerci apically, with large dorsolateral setose semisclerotized lobes. Larva. Body 36 mm; width 3.5 mm. Sclerites brown, with distinct punctate pattern. Head: Head (Figs. 1d–1f) 4.5 mm, width 1.4 mm, posteriorly slightly wider, dorsally moderately concave, and ventrally convex

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HOANG & BAE

in lateral view; head ground color yellowish brown, with distinct punctate pattern throughout head surfaces, with light markings around eyes; setae brown, relatively long, thick. Frontoclypeus anterior margin moderately round. Labrum with yellow hairlike setae near anterior membranous margin. Mandibles brown, with apical teeth; left mandible with brush of setae in median depression. Mentum triangular, anteroposteriorly narrow; submentum yellow, with brown median process, with setae on anterior angles. Thorax: Thoracic nota cylindrical, oblong, yellowish brown, with distinct punctate pattern and broad black posterior margin, with few long setae, with fringe of short slender setae anteromarginally, with pronotal median suture. Prothoracic pleura brown; median part and posterior margin of epimeron surrounding coxa black. Prosternite with moderate black median part anteriorly, extending posteriorly at both sides (Fig. 1g). Forecoxae with two large dorsal conical processes (Fig. 1h); basal process 0.3 mm, with seta subapically; apical process 0.2 mm, curved downward. Legs nearly equal in length, yellowish brown; femur slightly broader apically, punctate; claws bifid, hooklike. Abdomen: Abdomen almost uniformly broad, greenish grey in live specimens, purple in alcohol, with scarce setae. Anal prolegs brown, stout, with few dark setae; claws hooklike. Diagnosis. The male adult of S. angustata Martynov is similar to S. uncinata Navás but can be distinguished by longer intermediate appendages of segment X. The larva is similar to Stenopsyche sp. 2 in possessing distinctive punctate pattern of the head (Figs. 1d–1f) and median part of the posterior prosternite (Fig. 1g), but it has smaller dorsal processes the forecoxae (Fig. 1h).

FIGURE 1. Stenopsyche angustata Martynov. a–c: female genitalia. a: dorsal; b: lateral; c: ventral. d–h: full-grown larva. d: dorsal head; e: lateral head; f: ventral head; g: ventral prothorax. h: processes of right forecoxa. VIETNAMESE STENOPSYCHE

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Material examined. VIETNAM. Ha Giang Prov.: 5 larvae, Vi Xuyen, Tay Con Linh, 9 xii 2000, V.V. Nguyen; 4 larvae, Yen Minh, Du Gia, 30 iv 2000, V.V. Nguyen. Lao Cai Prov.: 1 male, Sapa, Thac Bac, alt. 2000 m, 22 iv 2002, Y.J. Bae, V.V. Nguyen & D.H. Hoang; 25 larvae, Sapa, Cat Cat, Suoi Vang Creek, 20 x & 28 xii 2000, V.V. Nguyen & T.K.T. Cao; 1 larva, Sapa, Cau May, 19 x 2000, V.V. Nguyen; 16 larvae, Sapa, Muong Hoa, 20 x 2000, V.V. Nguyen. Vinh Phuc Prov.: 12 males, 3 females & 26 larvae, Tam Dao National Park, Thac Bac, alt. 200–700 m, 16 x 2000 & 16 iv 2002, D.H. Hoang & V.V. Nguyen. Thua Thien–Hue Prov.: 2 larvae, Hong Thuy, A Luoi, 9 i 2002, D. N. Cuong. Distribution. Southwestern China, Northern and Central Vietnam (Ha Giang Prov., Lao Cai Prov., Vinh Phuc Prov., Thua Thien–Hue Prov.). Remarks. We collected a number of adult and larval specimens of this species from northern and central Vietnam including Lao Cai Province. This is a common species of Stenopsyche in northern and central Vietnam.

Stenopsyche coomani Navás 1932, nomen dubium Stenopsyche coomani Navás 1932: 934 (male; Hoa-Binh, Vietnam).

Remarks. We designate S. coomani Navás as nomen dubium because its identity is uncertain based only on the original description by Navás (1932). The type specimen of S. coomani is missing (Schmid 1949).

Stenopsyche dakpri sp. nov. (Figs. 2a–2j, 3a–3g) Male. Body 13 mm; forewings 17 mm. Body color light brown, occasionally with black or brown punctation. Head: Antennae 26 mm, dark brown. Thorax: Foretibiae, foretarsi, midtibiae, and midtarsi with blackish brown bands; remainder parts of legs yellow. Spur formula 3. 4. 4. Forewings: Forewings (Fig. 2a) narrow, elliptical, apically somewhat pointed, brown, with many light speckles; Sc and R1 separate; forks I, II, III, IV, and V present; fork I petiolate; fork V formed by Cu1a and Cu1b; discoidal cell small; median cell narrow and medium in size; thyridial cell long; nygmata present on fork II; Cu2 fused with 3A; Cu-A present; A1-A2 present; A thickened defining fold in posterior C. Hind wings: Hind wings (Fig. 2b) shorter, with much broader anal area, white, opaque; venation typical to genus; Sc thickened, contiguous with R1 but separate; R1 and R2+3 merged with Sc; forks II, III, and V present; fork V with long petiolate; discoidal cell small; thyroidal cell large long; nygma on fork II; veins between Cu and anal veins anastomosed. Male genitalia (Figs. 2e–2g): Tergite VIII with fringe of setae on anterior margin. Segment IX with lateral processes (ca. 1/8 x length of preanal appendages). Segment X dorsum with heavily sclerotized median lobe, with intermediate appendages curved medially, nearly as long as segment X. Inferior appendages rectangular in ventral view; medial edges straight; medial apices acute; lateral apices posteriorly obtuse; superior arms basal half straight distally contorted with two sharp projections. Phallus with armature of endotheca comprising scale-like spines. Female. Body 13.5 mm; forewings 15.8 mm. Head: Antennae 20–21 mm, dark brown. Thorax: Foretibiae, foretarsi, midtibiae and midtarsi with blackish brown bands; remainder parts of legs yellow; tibiae and tarsi slightly flattened laterally. Spur formula 3. 4. 4. Wings: (Figs. 2c–2d) similar to male, but apex of forewings somewhat blunt anal area of hind wings narrower. Female genitalia (Figs. 2h–2j): Segment VIII with setose sternite. Segment IX and X fused; segment IX sclerotized, dark brown, with bristles laterally; segment X membranous, yellow, with posterolateral corners forming small setose semisclerotized lobes. Gonopore with pair of hairy vulva scales. Segment XI with two pairs of lobes; posteroventral lobes membranous, basally broad, with tiny cerci apically; dorsolateral lobes semisclerotized setose.


HOANG & BAE

FIGURE 2. Stenopsyche dakpri, sp. nov. a–d: wings. a: male forewing; b: male hind wing; c: female forewing; d: female hind wing. e–g: male genitalia. e: dorsal; f: lateral; g: ventral. h–j: female genitalia. h: dorsal; i: lateral; j: ventral.

Larva. Body 32 mm, width 3.5 mm. Sclerites brown, with distinct punctate pattern. Head: Head (Figs. 3a–3e) 3.6 mm, width 1.4 mm, posteriorly somewhat wider, dorsally slightly concave ventrally convex in lateral view; ground color reddish brown, with distinct punctate pattern throughout head surfaces, with light markings around eyes; setae relatively long, moderately thick, brown. Frontoclypeus with straight anterior margin. Labrum with yellow hairs near anterior membranous margin. Mandibles robust, dark brown, with apical teeth; left mandible with brush of setae on median depression. Mentum slightly oblong; submentum dark brown, with yellow median process, with setae on anterior angles. Thorax: Thoracic nota (Fig. 3b) cylindrical, VIETNAMESE STENOPSYCHE


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oblong, yellowish brown with distinct punctate pattern and broad black posterior margin, with median suture, with few long setae; anterior margin with fringe of short slender setae. Prothoracic pleura (Fig. 3d) brown; epimeron surrounding coxa with black median part and posterior margin. Posterior prosternite (Fig. 3f) with relatively large, black median part extending posteriorly at both sides. Forecoxae with two large dorsal conical processes (Fig. 3g): basal process 0.4 mm, with seta near apex; apical process 0.6 mm, slightly curved downward. Legs nearly equal in length, yellowish brown; femora slightly broader apically, punctate; claws bifid, hooklike. Abdomen: Abdomen almost uniformly broad, greenish grey in living specimens, purple in alcohol, with scarce setae. Anal prolegs brown, stout, with few dark setae; claws hooklike. Diagnosis. The male adult of S. dakpri is similar to S. hamata Navás, but it can be distinguished by the shape of the anterolateral margin of abdominal segment X, rectangular inferior appendages, contorted superior arms, and preanal appendages which are covered with setae more than distal half of it (Figs. 2e–2g). The larva of S. dakpri can be distinguished from other species of Stenopsyche by the distinctive punctate pattern of head (Figs. 3a–3e), long dorsal processes of forecoxae (Fig. 3g), and thickened median part of posterior prosternite (Fig. 3f).

FIGURE 3. Stenopsyche dakpri, sp. nov. a–g: full-grown larva. a: dorsal head; b: dorsal prothorax; c: lateral head; d: lateral prothorax; e: ventral head; f: ventral prothorax; g: processes of right forecoxa.


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Material examined. Holotype: male (SWU-TRI-1792), VIETNAM, Dak Lak Prov., Dak Song County, Dak Pri Creek, alt. 630 m, 19 iv 2003, by black light trap, D.H. Hoang, deposited at SWU-AIC. Paratypes: 1 male (SWU-TRI-1793), same data as holotype; 1 male & 1 female (SWU-TRI-1794, wings on slide), same locality as holotype, 13 iv 2003, D.H. Hoang; 4 males (SWU-TRI-1795, 1796, 1797), same locality as holotype, 11, 13 & 17 iv 2003, D.H. Hoang; 7 larvae (SWU-TRI-1798), same locality as holotype, 630 m at riffle, 19 iv 2003, D.H. Hoang; 20 larvae (SWU-TRI-1799, 1800), same locality as holotype, 740 m at riffle, 5 iii 2001, D.H. Hoang. Other material: Thua Thien–Hue Prov.: 4 larvae, Bach Ma National Park, Tri Sao waterfall, 19 vi 2001. Lam Dong Prov.: 14 larvae, Bao Loc, Da M’re Creek, alt. 290–430 m, 22 & 23 iii 2002, D.H. Hoang & V.V. Nguyen. Etymology. This species is named after the type locality, Dak Pri Creek. Distribution. Central and Southern Vietnam (Dak Lak Prov., Thua Thien–Hue Prov., Lam Dong Prov.).

Stenopsyche fissa Navás 1932, nomen dubium Stenopsyche fissa Navás 1932: 936 (male & female; Chapa, Tonkin: Lao Cai Prov., Vietnam).

Remarks. Although the shape of genitalia in the original description of S. fissa Navás (1932) is somewhat similar to that of S. angustata Martynov 1930, we are unable to identify this species based only on the original description. The type specimen of S. fissa is missing (Schmid 1949). We herein designate S. fissa Navás as nomen dubium.

Stenopsyche hamata Navás 1930 Stenopsyche hamata Navás 1930: 11 (male; Hatri, Vietnam: Ha Tay Prov., Vietnam).

Diagnosis. The male adult of S. hamata Navás is similar to S. dakpri, but it can be distinguished by the round anterolateral margin of abdominal segment X and preanal appendages which are covered with setae along entire length. Remarks. This species was originally described from the Ha Tay Province in Vietnam, but the type and other materials are not available.

Stenopsyche siamensis Martynov 1931 (Figs. 4a–4h) Stenopsyche siamensis Martynov 1931: 5 (male; Khaosam, Trang, Thailand); Ismail et al. 1993: 199 (male & female; Peninsular Malaysia); Ismail et al. 1996: 241 (larva; Peninsular Malaysia); Klaytong 2003: 41 (male; Thailand).

Male. Body 12 mm; forewings 14 mm; antennae 17 mm. Spur formula 0. 4. 4. The male adult was described by Martynov (1931), Ismail et al. (1993), and Klaytong (2003). Female. Body 14–16 mm; forewings 16.5–17 mm; antennae 18–19 mm. Spur formula 2. 4. 4. The female adult was described by Ismail et al. (1993). Larva. Body 30 mm, width 3 mm. Sclerites completely dark brown. Head 3.3 mm, width 1.2 mm. Pronotal median suture present. The larva was described by Ismail et al. (1996). Diagnosis: The male adult of S. siamensis can be distinguished from other species of Stenopsyche by the shape of dorsal projections of segment X and short and forked superior arms (Figs. 4a–4c). The larva of S. siamensis can be distinguished by the completely blackish brown head (Figs. 4d–4f), relatively long and curved

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apical process of forecoxae (Fig. 4h), and moderately thickened median part of posterior prosternite (Fig. 4g). In case the larval head color is brown or light brown, the punctate pattern occurs ambiguously.

FIGURE 4. Stenopsyche siamensis Martynov. a–c: male genitalia. a: dorsal; b: lateral; c: ventral. d–h: full-grown larva. d: dorsal head; e: lateral head; f: ventral head; g: ventral prothorax; h: processes of right forecoxa.

Material examined. VIETNAM. Nghe An Prov.: 3 larvae, Con Cuong, Khe Luong Creek, 2 i 2002, V.V. Nguyen. Quang Binh Prov.: 12 larvae, Son Trach, Phong Nha Cave, 15 viii 2001, V.V. Nguyen. Thua Thien–Hue Prov.: 8 larvae, Bach Ma National Park, Khe Boi, Khe Xu & Hydro-electric waterfall, 19 vi 2001, V.V. Nguyen. Da Nang City: 1 male, 4 females & 79 larvae, Ba Na–Nui Chua Reserve, An Loi Creek, alt. 200–300 m, 1 & 2 iv 2002, D.H. Hoang & V.V. Nguyen; 2 larvae, Son Tra Reserve, alt. 200 m, 4 iv 2002, D.H. Hoang & V.V. Nguyen. Lam Dong Prov.: 1 male & 16 larvae, Duc Trong, Tuyen Lam, Da Tangla Creek, alt. 1320 m, 26 iii 2002, D.H. Hoang & V.V. Nguyen; 19 larvae, Bao Loc, Da M’re Creek, alt. 300–430 m, 22 iii 2002, D.H. Hoang & V.V. Nguyen. Distribution. Thailand, Malaysia, Central and Southern Vietnam (Nghe An Prov., Quang Binh Prov., Thua Thien–Hue Prov., Da Nang City, Lam Dong Prov.). Remarks. This is a widespread species of Stenopsyche in mainland Southeast Asia. It has a large degree of morphological variations in the male adult genitalia (Klaytong 2003). The Vietnamese larvae of S. siamensis have a median suture in the pronotum, while the Malaysian larvae lack it (Ismail et al. 1996).


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Stenopsyche ulmeri Navás 1932 (Figs. 5a–5g, 6a–6e) Stenopsyche ulmeri Navás 1932: 937 (male; Sapa, Lao Cai Prov., Vietnam); Mey 1995: 209 (male & female distributional records; Tam Dao NP, Vinh Phuc Prov., Vietnam).

Male. Body 17 mm; forewings 25–27 mm; antennae 33–34 mm. Thorax strongly setose. Spur formula 3. 4. 4. Hwang (1963: 483, 489) described the male adult of this species, but we herein illustrate the male genitalia. Female. Body 20 mm; forewings 27–29 mm. Head: Antennae 32 mm, dark brown. Female genitalia (Figs. 5e–5g): Segment VIII with setose sternite. Segment IX and X fused; segment IX sclerotized, dark brown; segment X membranous, brown with posterolateral corners forming small setose semisclerotized lobes. Gonopore with pair of hairy vulvar scales. Segment XI with two pairs of lobes: posteroventral lobes membranous, narrow basally, with tiny cerci apically; dorsolateral lobes semisclerotized, small, setose, closely located to median line of dorsum.

FIGURE 5. Stenopsyche ulmeri Navás. a–d: male genitalia. a: dorsal; b: lateral; c: ventral; d: superior arms in caudal view. e–g: female genitalia. e: dorsal; f: lateral; g: ventral.

Larva. Body 48 mm, width 4 mm. Sclerites brown, with distinct punctate pattern. Head: Head (Figs. 6a– 6c) 4.6 mm, width 1.9 mm, posteriorly somewhat wider, dorsally slightly concave ventrally convex in lateral view; ground color brown, with distinct punctate pattern throughput head surfaces, with light markings around eyes; setae relatively long, moderately thick, brown. Frontoclypeus anterior margin moderately round. VIETNAMESE STENOPSYCHE


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Labrum with yellow hair near anterior membranous margin. Mandibles brown, with apical teeth; left mandible with brush of setae in median depression. Mentum slightly oblong; submentum brown, with setae on anterior angles. Thorax: Thoracic nota cylindrical, oblong, brown, with distinct punctate pattern and broad black posterior margin, with median suture, with few long setae, with fringe of short slender setae on anterior margin. Prothoracic pleuron brown; epimeron surrounding coxa with black median part, median stripe, and posterior margin. Posterior prosternite (Fig. 6e) anteroposteriorly with narrow black median part extending posteriorly at both sides. Forecoxae with two dorsal conical processes; basal process rudimentary, with long seta; apical process straight, 1.0 mm (Fig. 6d). Legs nearly equal in length, brown; femora slightly broader apically, punctate; claws bifid, hooklike. Abdomen: Abdomen almost uniformly broad, grey in live specimens, purple in alcohol, with scarce setae. Anal prolegs brown, stout, with few dark setae; claws hooklike.

FIGURE 6. Stenopsyche ulmeri Navás. a–e: full-grown larva. a: dorsal head; b: lateral head; c: ventral head; d: ventral prothorax; e: processes of right forecoxa.

Diagnosis. The male adult of this species can be distinguished from other species of Stenopsyche by the shape of the abdominal segment X, inferior appendages, and superior arms as in the following descriptions and illustrations (Figs. 5a–5d). The larva of this species is similar to Stenopsyche sp. 1 in the distinctive punctate pattern in head (Figs. 6a–6c), but it can be distinguished by the shape of the dorsal processes of forecoxae (Fig. 6d) and median part of posterior prosternite (Fig. 6e). The larva of S. ulmeri is the largest in body size among the species of Vietnamese Stenopsyche.


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Material examined. Lao Cai Prov.: 3 males, 6 females & 3 larvae, Sapa, Thac Bac, alt. 2000 m, 20 x 2000, 28 xii 2000, & 22 iv 2002, T.K.T. Cao, Y.J. Bae, V.V. Nguyen & D.H. Hoang. Distribution. Northern Vietnam (Lao Cai Prov., Vinh Phuc Prov.). Remarks. Stenopsyche ulmeri Navás (1932) and S. appendiculata Hwang (1963) (originally described from Yunnan Province in China) belong to the apiguna-group and they are probably conspecific based on the descriptions and distributions.

Stenopsyche uncinata Navás 1930 Stenopsyche uncinata Navás 1930: 9 (male & female; Tonkin); Mey 1995: 209 (male & female distributional records; Tam Dao NP, Vinh Phuc Prov.).

Diagnosis. The male adult of S. uncinata Navás is similar to S. angustata Martynov, but can be distinguished by the intermediate appendages of segment X which are shorter than 1/4 of the length of lateral angles of segment IX. The lateral angles of segment IX are short, obtuse, and about 1/8 times as long as the length of preanal appendages. Remarks. The species was originally described from Tonkin and recorded from Vinh Phuc Province in Vietnam by Mey (1995). The type and other materials are not available.

Stenopsyche vicina Navás 1932, nomen dubium Stenopsyche vicina Navás 1932: 938 (female: Chapa, Tonkin: Lao Cai Prov., Vietnam).

Remarks. Although general shape of the female genitalia and forewing of S. vicina Navás (1932) is somewhat similar to that of S. angustata Martynov 1930, we are unable to identify this species based only on the original description. Only female adult of this species was described from Lao Cai Province. The deposition of the type material is unknown. We herein designate S. vicina Navás as nomen dubium.

Stenopsyche sp. 1 (Figs. 7a–7e) Larva. Body 30 mm, width 3.5 mm. Sclerites brown, with distinct punctate pattern. Head: Head (Figs. 7a–7c) 4.3 mm, width 1.7 mm, posteriorly somewhat wider, dorsally slightly convex ventrally concave in lateral view; ground color brown, with distinct punctate pattern throughout head surfaces, with light markings around eyes; setae relatively long, moderately thick, brown. Frontoclypeus anterior margin moderately round. Labrum with yellow hair near anterior membranous margin. Mandibles dark brown, with apical teeth; left mandible with brush of setae in median depression. Mentum triangle; submentum dark brown, with setae on anterior angles. Thorax: Thoracic nota oblong, yellowish brown, with distinct punctate pattern, with broad black posterior margin, with median suture, with few long setae, with fringe of short slender setae on anterior margin. Prothoracic pleura brown; epimeron surrounding coxa with black median part and posterior margin. Posterior prosternite (Fig. 7d) anteriorly with narrow black median part extending posteriorly to both sides. Forecoxae with two dorsal conical processes (Fig. 7e); basal process 0.2 mm, with apical seta; apical process 0.3 mm, straight. Legs nearly equal in length, yellowish brown, without punctate pattern; femora slightly broader apically; claws bifid, hooklike. Abdomen: Abdomen almost uniformly broad, greenish grey in live specimens, purple in alcohol, with scarce setae. Anal prolegs brown, stout, with few dark setae; claws hooklike.



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Diagnosis. The larva of this species is similar to that of S. ulmeri Navás in having distinctive punctate pattern in head, but it an be distinguished by the shorter dorsal processes of forecoxae (Fig. 7e), longer median part of posterior prosternite (Fig. 7d), and smaller body size. Material examined. Vinh Phuc Prov.: 2 larvae, Tam Dao National Park, Thac Bac, alt. 200–700 m, 10 x 1998, Y.J. Bae, 16 x 2000, V.V. Nguyen. Distribution. Northern Vietnam (Vinh Phuc Prov.).

FIGURE 7. Stenopsyche sp. 1, larva. a: dorsal head; b: lateral head; c: ventral head; d: ventral prothorax; e: processes of right forecoxa.

Stenopsyche sp. 2 (Figs. 8a–8e) Larva. Body 35 mm, width 4 mm. Sclerites brown, with distinct punctate pattern. Head: Head (Figs. 8a–8c) 4.7 mm, width 1.7 mm, slightly wider posteriorly, dorsally slightly concave ventrally convex in lateral view; ground color yellowish brown, with distinct punctate pattern throughout head surfaces, with light markings around eyes; setae relatively long, moderately thick, brown. Frontoclypeus anterior margin moderately round. Labrum with yellow hair near anterior membranous margin. Mandibles brown, with apical teeth; left mandible with brush of setae in median depression. Mentum triangle, anteroposteriorly narrow; submentum yellow, with brown median process, with setae on anterior angles. Thorax: Thoracic nota oblong, yellowish brown, with distinct punctate pattern and broad black posterior margin, with median suture, with few long setae, with fringe of short slender setae on anterior margin. Prothoracic pleura brown; epimeron surrounding coxa with black median part and posterior margin. Posterior prosternite (Fig. 8d) anteriorly with moderate black median part extending posteriorly at both sides. Forecoxae with two large dorsal conical processes (Fig. 8e); basal process 0.45 mm, with seta near apex; apical process 0.45 mm, curved downward. Legs nearly equal in length, yellowish brown; femora slightly broader apically; forefemora punctate; claws bifid, hooklike. Abdo-


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men: Abdomen almost uniformly broad, greenish grey in live specimens, light brown in alcohol, with scarce setae. Anal prolegs brown, stout, with few dark setae; claws hooklike. Diagnosis. The larva of this species is similar to that of S. angustata Martynov in having distinctive pattern in head and median part of posterior prosternite (Figs. 8a–8d), but can be distinguished by the larger dorsal processes of forecoxae (Fig. 8e) and larger body size. Material examined. Cao Bang Prov.: 8 larvae, Ha Quang, Soc Ha, 16 xii 2000, V.V. Nguyen; 4 larvae, Ha Quang, Phu Ngoc, 17 xii 2000, V.V. Nguyen; 8 larvae, Quang Hoa, Doc Lap, 18 xii 2000, V.V. Nguyen. Distribution. Northern Vietnam (Cao Bang Prov.).

FIGURE 8. Stenopsyche sp. 2, larva. a: dorsal head; b: lateral head; c: ventral head; d: ventral prothorax; e: processes of right forecoxa.

Key to the Vietnamese Species of Stenopsyche Male. 1. Body size relatively large (forewings 25–29 mm); thorax strongly setose. Male genitalia comprising segment X heavily sclerotized dorsally, with arge prominent triangular median lobe; intermediate appendages reduced; endothecal armature with strong basal spines (Figs. 5a–5c)................... apiguna-group, S. ulmeri - Body size small to medium (forewings 14–21 mm); thorax not strongly setose. Male genitalia not as above; intermediate appendages small to large; endothecal armature without strong basal spines ............2 2. Body size medium (forewings 20–21 mm). Male genitalia comprising segment X narrow, elongate, and semimembranous; intermediate appendages small, lobiform, and directed laterally; endothecal armature with short and numerous spines dispersed along its entire length (See Schmid 1969) marmorata-group, 3 - Body size relatively small (forewings 14–16 mm). Male genitalia comprising segment X variable; inter-



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mediate appendages heavily sclerotized, usually large and complex; endothecal armature with many spines, several scale-like spines (Figs. 2e–2g, 4a–4c) ................................................... pubescens-group, 4 3. Intermediate appendages ca. 1/4 x length of lateral angles of segment IX; lateral angles of segment IX long, acute, ca. 3/4 x length of inferior appendages (See Schmid 1969) ..................................S. angustata - Intermediate appendages < 1/4 x length of lateral angles of segment IX; lateral angles of segment IX short, obtuse, ca. 1/8 x length of preanal appendages ..................................................................S. uncinata 4. Segment X not tray-like, with three pairs of dorsal projections (Fig. 4a) ................................. S. siamensis - Segment X tray-like, without three pairs of dorsal projections ...................................................................5 5. Preanal appendages covered with setae on 2/3 length distally; anterolateral margin of segment X pointed (Fig. 2g) ............................................................................................................................ S. dakpri sp. nov. - Preanal appendages covered with setae along entire length; anterolateral margin of segment X round ....... ........................................................................................................................................................S. hamata Larva. 1. Head and thorax with distinct dots; frontoclypeus with a broad dark longitudinal stripe (Figs. 1d, 8a)......2 - Head and thorax without or with indistinct dots; frontoclypeus without dark longitudinal stripe ...............3 2. Forecoxae basal process of with ca. 1.5 x length of apical process (Fig. 1h).............................S. angustata - Forecoxa basal process as long as apical process (Fig. 8e) ............................................. Stenopsyche sp. 2 3. Head completely black or blackish brown. Forecoxae basal process ca. x 1/3 length of apical process (Fig. 4h) .............................................................................................................................................. S. siamensis - Head and forecoxae not as above ............................................................................................................... 4 4. Forecoxa basal process rudimentary, ca. x 1/10 length of apical process, with long seta (Fig. 6d) S. ulmeri - Forecoxa basal process well developed, ca. x 2/3 length of apical process ................................................5 5. Posterior prosternite with relatively broad, black median part (Fig. 3f)............................ S. dakpri sp. nov. - Posterior prosternite with relatively narrow black median part (Fig. 7d) ......................... Stenopsyche sp. 1

Acknowledgments This work was supported by grant No. R01-2001-000-00086-0 from the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation. We thank Dr. V. V. Nguyen (Hanoi University of Science, Hanoi) and Ms. T. K. T. Cao (IEBR, Hanoi) for their assistance in field trips.

References Hwang, C.L. (1963) A review of the Chinese Stenopsychidae (Trichoptera). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 12, 476–489. Ismail, A.R & Edington, J.M. & Flint, O.S. (1993) Descriptions of the male and female of Stenopsyche siamensis Martynov, 1931 with observations on its relationship (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae). Aquatic Insects, 15, 199–207. Ismail, A.R, Edington, J.M. & Green, P.C. (1996) Descriptions of the pupae and larvae of Stenopsyche siamensis, Martynov, 1931 (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae) with notes on larval biology. Aquatic Insects, 18, 241–252. Klaytong, N. (2003) The variation of male genitalia in Stenopsyche siamensis Martynov, 1931 (Trichoptera, Stenopsychidae) in Phromlaeng stream, Nam Nao Natinal Park, Thailand. Braueria, 30, 41–42. Martynov, A.V. (1930) On the Trichopterous fauna of China and Eastern Tibet. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 109, 74–75. Martynov, A.V. (1931) Report on a collection of insects of the order Trichoptera from Siam and China. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 79, 1–20. McLachlan, R. (1866) Descriptions of new or little known genera and species of exotic Trichoptera, with observations on certain species described by Mr. F. Walker. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 5, 247–275, pls. 17–19.


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Mey, W. (1995) Bearbeitung einer kleinen Kollektion von Köcherfliegen aus Vietnam (Trichoptera). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 105, 212–214. Navás, R.P.L. (1930) Névroptères et Insectes Voisins – Chine et pays Environnants. Musée Heude, Notes d’Entomologie Chinoise, 6, 5–12. Navás, R.P.L. (1932) Insecta Orientalia. Memorie della Pont. Accademia della Scienze, Serie II, 16, 921-950. Schmid, F. (1949) Les Trichopteres de la collection Navás. Revista Espanola de Entomologia, 25, 325–385. Schmid, F. (1969) La famille des Sténopsychidés (Trichoptera). The Canadian Entomologist, 101, 187–224, pls. 7. Tian, L.X. (1988) A review of the Chinese genus Stenopsyche McLachlan (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 31, 194–202. Weaver, J.S, III. (1987) New species of Stenopsyche from the Northeastern Orient (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae). Aquatic Insects, 9, 161–168.



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