Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), March 3 – 5, 2015.
e-Commerce Cloud: Opportunities and Challenges Mariam Al-Jaberi and Nader Mohamed
Jameela Al-Jaroodi
UAE University Al Ain, UAE {mariam_aljaberi, nader.m}@uaeu.ac.ae
University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
[email protected]
Abstract—Cloud computing is drawing the attentions of all sectors - such as health care, telecommunications, entertainment and e-commerce. It offers services online by providing a complete set of information technology (IT) solutions which promise to cut costs and efforts and enhance performance and efficiency of delivering services for customers. In e-commerce applications, the cloud can contribute enormously in enhancing business processes leading to better economic value for the business enterprise. In this paper, a set of opportunities and challenges have been discussed based on related research to highlight the main advantages provided by the cloud for e-commerce applications and discuss the relevant concerns and issues. Keywords—Cloud Computing; e-Commerce; Internet
I.
INTRODUCTION
The web and its applications are considered an important hallmark of the current information age. In the business world, the migration towards web-based transactions is a remarkable progress in the virtual business and commercial activities, which gave birth to the electronic business (e-business) and electronic commerce (ecommerce). However, establishing an e-commerce application in-house needs huge efforts and IT experts to identify the needs and how it can be applied to fit the business online requirements, while outsourcing can be a very expensive solution for enterprises which make it unfeasible to go online. Nowadays, the power of cloud computing has transformed the e-commerce industry. Cloud computing is not a new brand of computing mode. It is actually the evolution and extension of the traditional distributed computing and grid computing [6]. Where the main idea is distributing the power of computing across a large array of computing resources connected through the Internet to establish enhanced processes that meet the customer needs. Cloud computing enables organizations to host a number of IT operations (like “data hosting”) from cloud service providers. All services are offered on demand based on the client organization’s requirements providing the needed IT infrastructure and a complete solution for their e-commerce applications. Thus the services are made available without worrying about technical and other issues and paid for based on usage. In this paper, the cloud computing concept is discussed in Section II. An overview of the potential opportunities and
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challenges of using cloud computing in e-commerce applications are discussed in sections III and IV. Section V reviews some related projects discussing some aspects of using cloud computing in e-commerce applications and discussing possible solutions to the challenges like security and trust. A discussion of the overall concept is provided in Section VI. And to sum up a conclusion offered in Section VII. II. CLOUD COMPUTING CONCEPTS Cloud computing is an emerging commercial infrastructure model that offers to reduce or eliminate the need for companies to maintain in-house high-cost hardware, software, and network infrastructures. It also reduces or even eliminates the high-cost of recruiting technical professionals to support these infrastructures and operate the in-house IT solutions [13]. From a widely discussed idea carrying many confusing concepts and ambiguities, Cloud computing has rapidly become an emerging computing paradigm enabling various services to be provided to interested consumers at lower costs and higher profits [14]. Consequently, establishing a formal definition and description of Cloud Computing and its requirements is a pressing necessity. The recent NIST definition of Cloud Computing [15] describes it as a paradigm allowing users to access shared configurable computing resources. The NIST definition is based on five main characteristics: • Users can automatically benefit from the Cloud services without communicating with the service providers. • Standard protocols are used to access the computing resources over the network. • Cloud services follow a multi-tenant model allowing resources to be pooled and shared among users. • Computing capabilities can be quickly scaled in or out based on the users’ varying demands. • Users pay for utilized computing capabilities based on a pay-per-use model. Cloud services follow three service models: the Cloud Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) where a user can benefit from the Cloud provider’s applications that run on the Cloud infrastructure; the Cloud Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) where a user can deploy applications onto compatible Cloud infrastructures; and the Cloud Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS) where a user can benefit from the computing resources offered and managed by a Cloud service provider. III. E-COMMERCE CLOUD OPPORTUNITIES To understand the advantages of migrating from ordinary e-commerce applications to cloud-based ecommerce applications we have to identify how ecommerce applications can be enhanced; to what extend the cloud can create value for the e-commerce application; and which direction will lead to business growth. To answer these questions a number of opportunities have been addressed in the following list: • Cost and Effort: Traditional e-commerce enterprises put a lot of resources, finances and manpower to start up an electronic business system. Cloud computing reduces the cost of services, implementation, maintenance, and development time of the components for the e-commerce system. Instead of establishing an expensive e-Commerce system in-house, many companies found that outsourcing is more cost-effective to handle most of the core ecommerce components and transactions. Yet outsourcing is still a costly approach as providers charge for the full solution. However, when cloud services are used, the business is only required to pay for use. This offers the ability to take advantage of the capabilities of cloud computing and create a collaborative economic environment where the overhead costs are shared among the participants; with the flexibility to only pay for actual usage. This feature is suitable for small and medium sized e-commerce enterprises where they can utilize advanced IT infrastructures and services to support their operations without facing high initial and operational costs. It provides the infrastructure for e-commerce applications and cut the cost leading to a better economic efficiency for the business enterprise. • Common Computation Environment: The cloud can provide strong computation capabilities with considerable computational resources for business enterprises, which will give a solution for the e-commerce applications to have this kind of computations over the Internet and spread among different parts of equipment instead of having it onboard. That will accordingly enhance the speed and quality of theses services providing super strong computational capabilities for the customers [9]. • Safety and Security: Tools and mechanisms for data trustiness and integrity are necessary for business enterprises and can be provided for e-commerce applications through cloud computing. This requires secure transfer of data to and from the cloud and also allow for performing the computations in the clouds away from attacks. In addition, the cloud provides a complete set of information security solutions, so through using cloud computing there will be a great chance for e-commerce enterprises to expand their business in a secured virtual environment. It provides reliable communication tools to network the companies with their peers around the business world. • Network: Cloud computing offers increased network bandwidth for the e-commerce which accordingly will speed up the transactions and better facilitate the online business processes. In addition, the cloud provides more
reliable and robust network services which increases the accessibility and availability of e-commerce applications. • Competition: As a result of the enhancements in the promotion of online business transactions and services provided by cloud computing, the competition will increase between the cyber-companies and that will raise the competitive advantages in the cyber-market. • Storage: Cloud technologies facilitate storing and sharing information regardless of size and type and services within the e-commerce applications. This allows for more flexible usage of storage resources and better facilitates exchanging data between different services and clients. Thus the cloud offers an online datacenter for both software and hardware accessible anytime anywhere and paid for based on the usage levels. • Professionalism: Cloud computing can enhance the professionalism of the e-commerce applications by providing economic reliability offering “make to order” services for business enterprises. One example is SaaS where the software and the data is hosted in the cloud and can be accessed by clients when and where they need it. IV.
E-COMMERCE CLOUD CHALLENGES
Although, cloud computing promises to provide a set of beneficial solutions for e-commerce applications, many challenges come to attention. The following is a list of the main challenges that need to be considered: • Data Storage: Users of business-based Cloud services worry about their inability to control the place where the data is stored how it is replicated, partitioned and distributed. This lack of control makes clients wary of the policies and procedures in use. • Data Privacy: The protection of a company owned information and its clients’ privacy is still a key challenge in cloud computing and appropriate technical solutions are desperately needed. • Service Quality: The cloud has inspired the market into moving to service-oriented manufacturing instead of production-oriented manufacturing. However, QoS must guarantee performance, security, availability, dependability and reliability for the overall services and processes performed between the end-users and the cloud. It is very important in cloud computing to offer QoS support in terms of both the performance of virtualization and monitoring tools. In addition, the uncertainties about the service quality must be reduced. • Security: It is the Cloud’s major problem and drawback, especially when data is created and processed on the cloud. It is difficult to find efficient and economic solutions to protect data and programs from attacks. An intruder can interrupt a connection between e-commerce enterprises and their customers. Moreover, the data may be exposed, accessed, modified or even destroyed while in transit or during processing. • Trust and Reputations: As a definition trust is “the degree by which a target object such as software, a device, a server, or any data they deliver is considered secure.” The trust is a big challenge for cloud computing in e-commerce platforms, where it is hard for customers to differentiate between good e-commerce sites and bad
ones. This discourages companies and clients to migrate to the Cloud. • Dependence on connectivity: in the cloud, to access resources or shared information or even hardware the end-user must be connected to Internet. Being tethered to the availability of network connections may be problematic when such connections are not reliable. • Service standards issues: Cloud service providers do not provide enterprises with specific details about the infrastructure and services used. Information on location, technology used, staff situation, mode of operations for example are not communicated to the clients. Clients who wish to use such services may be hesitant to do so without knowing this information. V. CURRENT RESEARCH EFFORTS Cloud computing is an emerging trend in information technology, especially when it comes to e-commerce applications. This draws the attention of researchers to investigate its challenges and expand its horizon. Many of the researches highlighted the various aspects of cloud computing in e-commerce applications. They offer various approaches such as providing specific solutions for individual issues such as security and trust, availability, QoS among many. The following is a review of some of the work done in the field: A. Cloud trust model in e-commerce The integration of the Internet with many applications through cloud computing has drastically reshaped the landscape of many settings in business and academia. In addition it facilitated the adoption of the Internet in many activities that traditionally did not use the Internet. eCommerce is found to be a supportive paradigm that allows various online enterprises to reduce their operational costs, while attaining greater market outreach and developing fruitful partnerships and relationships with peer enterprises. However, using the Internet as the core network has led to new risks and concerns; therefore, trust and security may be the main hurdles hindering the growth of e-commerce applications on the cloud. Trust, reliability, and security are the core concerns in such virtual transactions. Therefore, the article [7] focuses on developing a model to increase the trust in the cloudbased e-commerce from a security-oriented trust viewpoint for the sake of promoting e-business new horizons. The author recognizes that trust management in e-commerce transactions has three approaches, namely: • Centralized trust management in which clients report ratings of their trust levels after performing a transaction. A third party may also be involved to generate trust through attestations and certification. • Decentralized trust management, which enhances peerto-peer (P2P) operations to perform critical e-commerce functions in a decentralized manner. P2P computing is the sharing of computer resources and services through direct communication between multiple systems. Moreover, a P2P-based architecture does not require extra costs to set up separate servers. • Distributed trust management whose basic architectures comprises a set of trust management brokers that partition the data among themselves. This approach
helps in partitioning the trust computation workload for providing incremental reliability in the e-commerce system because it can ensure a relatively complete data sets. However, the collaboration among brokers and the cost to set them up might be an concern. The three approaches may help in increasing the trust in the virtual transactions within cloud-based e-commerce system. B. e-Commerce dealer agent mechanism in cloud computing SaaS -software as a service- is one of the cloud computing models used in the e-commerce dealer agent mechanism to develop business services using web and trading services. The main concept in this project [11] is developing the dealer agent based mechanism on the cloudbased e-commerce system to provide a more personalized and effective local cloud environment. A software agent is capable of helping the traders choose and purchase products depending on their preferences. Moreover, it provides transactions customization on the cloud-based e-commerce system. Here two systems have been combined to provide a responsive service for the buyer’s to find the suitable services/products for them. This was attained using the agent software architecture. An implementation prototype to explain the cloudbased e-commerce agent based framework and the agent protocol so the agent and dealers can interact was described. The agent acts as a repository that maintains all information about the e-commerce site like payments and products databases. It will search for the available products in the ecommerce sites. An evaluation of the e-commerce sites is established through measuring the product service performance of each site. A trading system was used to allow both buyers and dealers to trade. Furthermore, the payment transaction phase is secured using PayPal sandbox gateway. C. A framework for enhancing e-commerce applications The Internet has paved the way to the birth of ecommerce, which became the hallmark of today’s business world. With time e-commerce augmented its popularity as its various applications provided a set of efficient services for all concerned stakeholders including the employees, customers and partners. However, there are still challenges to overcome when considering the adoption or expansion of e-commerce systems. One of these challenges facing the enterprises is the environmental cost. Therefore, the cloud paradigm is emerging as an appropriate solution to overcome this problem. The authors [12] propose a new framework to use cloud-based e-commerce applications to solve the problem of the lack of resources and for reducing the environmental cost for developing and implementing an e-commerce system. The proposed framework consists of five layers starting with the hardware recourses layer in the cloud service middleware which contains all the infrastructure of the system. This layer provides the scalability of dynamic changes needed for the e-commerce systems to add any memory or physical host pool to improve resources utilization. The second, software resource layer, provides an interface for the developers to communicate with the middleware technology and operating systems, to create the e-commerce applications and deploy them on the cloud.
After that comes the resource management layer which is responsible for managing the hardware and software resource layer. The main role of this layer is to provide on demand software allocation among different hardware recourses on the cloud. The service layer which is divided into three sub layers based on the cloud resources types: IaaS, SaaS and PaaP. This division will help the cloud customer to easily use the different cloud resources (i.e. infrastructure, software and platform resources) based on the application’s needs. The last layer is the business application layer, which provides the business logic of the ecommerce system and connect the cloud resources that support the application. This framework provides a set of enhancements to overcome the existing challenges in e-commerce applications such as reducing costs in hardware, software and trained staff. It also reduces the implementation time to about the half of the traditional time. Providing a time-tovalue and on-demand dynamic scalability is one of the important promises in this framework which will lead to increased profits and create a leading industry among enterprises. However, the framework does not address all the challenges faced by the cloud-based e-commerce system such as the security of the platforms and applications, standards of cloud computing and regulatory issues of cloud services. Cloud-based e-commerce systems require more time and practice to successfully address these challenges. D. Organic product catalogs: Towards an architecture for cloud-based micro enterprise e-commerce The authors in [8] discuss the potential impact of the cloud facilities on the promotion of the products and services of micro-enterprises (i.e., a firm with less than 10 employees) as a focus of their study. Despite the fact that the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution has availed a wide range of powerful tools and solutions, the business world; in particular the microbusinesses, did not gain much benefits especially in the promotion of products and services. This may be due to the unbearable costs of acquiring, operating and maintaining an e-commerce infrastructure and facilities. To benefit from the cloud-based services the authors propose a model, cloud stacks, which enables the microenterprises to promote their respective products and services on the web. This model is referred to as organic product catalogs (OPC), which aims at providing an e-commerce platform for the micro-enterprises that could successfully answer the needs of the end-customers with cost-effective operations. Yet, the OPC needs a minimum cost of participations to ensure its successful applications. The OPC stacks provide what is called a product description language (PDL) that can be used to describe the products and services of each enterprise. They also have the capacity of storing all product descriptions that a micro-enterprise maintains as well as a repository of customizable templates for the products and services. In conclusion, the authors argue that the micro-businesses could benefit from the OPC by having their products described electronically while exposing them to a huge amount of potential customers at the same time. E. Influences of cloud computing on e-commerce This article [6] discusses the adoption of cloud technology for promoting e-commerce related activities and
highlights its benefits for the e-commerce enterprises. Cloud computing often operates in a “pay-per-service” model to supply and deliver the end-users with integrated ICT-based services upon request. The processes of such e-services are transferred to the cloud platform, which lead to the new service paradigms such as IaaS, PaaS and SaaS. The cloudbased services aim at making e-commerce transactions easier and helping the end-users to control their own resources including storage. Accordingly, the cloud effectively supports the dynamic computing power, storage capacity, network exchanges, and information service capabilities for the clients. Using cloud computing the e-commerce enterprises will have great abilities and opportunities to expand their business over the Internet. The author argues that the emergence of cloud computing and related technologies has created many new service ecosystems within which all the e-commerce resources are integrated for facilitating the new service models. For the e-commerce enterprises the cloud is creating better opportunities to enhance their business. In addition, for the traditional ecommerce enterprises, it is an opportunity and an appropriate strategy to move to the cloud and embrace than resist it. F. Hybrid cloud architectures for e-commerce The article [4] remarks on the emergence of e-commerce and its potential effects on today’s business world. The author provides a comprehensive overview of the definition and integration scenarios of the core architecture and components of the hybrid e-commerce system in which the traditional IT services could be blended with cloud-based services, with special emphasis on the functionalities. The author defines cloud computing as “the applications delivered as services over the web, and the hardware and software in the datacenters that provide those services.” These services have long been referred to as SaaS. Moreover, the article sheds light over the potential advantages (e.g. promoting web-based business) and the drawbacks (e.g. uncertainties about service quality) generated from the hybrid cloud design. It provides various illustrations of the hybrid architecture at different phases and attempts to prove that the hybrid cloud architectures have many budget advantages such as reducing the cost of implementation and maintenance and the life time of the components. Therefore, it stresses on the importance of cloud-based e-commerce in enhancing online shopping with secure transactions. In this article, the author tries to investigate the importance of the integration of cloud-based services in several fields such as in payment services and user tracking that are used in e-commerce. However, it acknowledges that data privacy and security and the dependency on connectivity are major problems and drawbacks to the system. The argument is still found regarding using the Social Web for collaboration with consumers. G. A new trusted and secure e-commerce architecture The article [5] highlights the value-added opportunities introduced by the cloud technologies for facilitating the sharing of information resources and services within the wider community and worldwide. e-Commerce is one of the cloud beneficiaries; it nowadays represents a vital business trend in today’s economic activities. Therefore, many enterprises and even individuals have adopted e-commerce
as a new paradigm for business transactions. e-Commerce attracted a wide spectrum of audience in industry, banking, and services where the transactions take place in cyberspace from remote locations. Thus, the cloud provides a platform for a robust network for e-commerce to conduct the required processes and transactions. In addition, it provides a set of information security solutions, which are the core components of e-commerce transactions. Using cloud computing there will be a great chance for e-commerce enterprises to expand their business in a secured virtual environment. Moreover, the article provides further explanations about the nature of the cloud environment, where resources are shared among all the servers and users and the data is stored in the cloud to become accessible to all users. Accordingly, the data is being securely shared among the e-commerce enterprises and their customers and protected against the potential attacks. However, another problem might encounter the business-based cloud users, which is their inability to control the place where the data is stored. Consequently, the cloud users are forced to use the resource allocation and scheduling provided by the cloud service provider. H. 3G mobile e-commerce platform based on cloud computing Nowadays mobile e-commerce has developed enormously. However, a development bottleneck has been occurred. In the article [2], the authors discuss the potential impact of the cloud facilities on mobile e-commerce. To benefit from cloud-based mobile e-commerce applications, the authors proposed a new platform for 3G mobile ecommerce. This platform solves many challenges raised in mobile e-commerce systems such as user interface issues, limited bandwidth and the configuration of the mobile phone. This new platform aims to have new features that increase the bandwidth, speed of data processing, and security. Moreover, it provides vivid user interfaces and higher mobile bandwidth using 3G and accelerates data processing using cloud computing based on PKI. The system contains the following three layer framework:
using the cloud for improving their business in a highly competitive market. Thus, cloud computing is considered a great advantage for the e-commerce paradigm in terms of providing reliable communication tools to connect the companies with their peers around the world. The article sheds light on the potential roles that the cloud would be playing in e-commerce through enhancing the promotion of online business transactions and services, which in turn increases the competition between the cybercompanies. Despite that e-commerce is a promising trend to bring many benefits to companies, it is not cost-effective and the high cost is considered as the major hindrance against the popularity of e-commerce. A solution for that is cloud computing as it provides new opportunities to ecommerce enterprises. Instead of establishing an expensive e-business system in-house, many companies found that moving to the cloud is more cost-effective to handle the core functions of e-commerce. However, some companies are worried about entrusting e-commerce issues to external cloud providers due to security and privacy issues. In other words, the protection of a company’s information and dealers’ privacy is still a key challenge to be addressed. VI. DISCUSSION Cloud computing as a new model has its own opportunities in a various areas. It is obvious that cloud computing in e-commerce applications present promising advantages that will enhance the quality of e-commerce applications with reduced costs. On other hand, the challenges are serious. These challenges include data storage and privacy, service quality, dependence on connectivity, trust and reputations of using the cloud for payments in e-commerce applications, safety and security and service standards. However, many opportunities can be captured by adopting the cloud in e-commerce applications: 1.
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Database layer: Uses JBoss as the application server and adopts OraclelOg as the back-end database.
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Middleware layer. Ties the two layers and provides the necessary interfaces.
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User interfaces layer: Offers HTTP interfaces to access the resources and services in the cloud. Therefore, the processing result is returned quickly to the end user. This reduces the users’ need to configure their telephones, which could increase the number of users.
4.
The implementation went through different stages and the tests showed that the system is working efficiently. However, some improvements need to be made in the payment aspects. I. Cloud computing e-commerce models and their security The article [1] discusses the importance of using ecommerce applications and the related security issues. It also shows the great benefits that e-commerce enterprises may gain if they use the cloud capabilities in speeding up their transaction and increasing the capacity of the network storage. Many companies worldwide have a great interest in
Cloud computing provides the IT infrastructure for the e-commerce applications that will reduce the integration and implementation efforts and costs. In addition, cloud clients will only need to pay for what they use. It provides enhanced online secure transactions, which are safe, efficient and professional. This will increase the profits for e-commerce enterprises in return. As a result, it will be easy to expand and integrate more services. It will increase the competitive advantages in the cybermarket between different enterprises as a result of the cloud’s contribution in improving the business processes and leveraging the costs. Through the cloud it is expected that the e-commerce applications will be more flexible, scalable and available.
Many concerns are also present and need to be addressed when considering adopting the cloud in e-commerce applications. It is important to understand the challenges that e-commerce applications are and may be facing in the future. Therefore, e-commerce enterprises should understand all the issues related before going for the cloud. The main issue is the privacy and security concerns. Although a lot of research have been conducted to provide a secure and trusted e-commerce platform on the cloud, there are still concerns and problems that need to be addressed to offer more effective solutions. One major issue that comes
to mind is the payment part in the e-commerce application based on the cloud. Many questions could be asked regarding how secure is the user’s private information? How and where on the cloud the payment information is being stored and how well is it protected? Although the cloud service providers promise to offer a complete set of information security solutions for e-commerce applications, trust may pose a barrier to migrating to the cloud for the ecommerce enterprises. Both the enterprises and their customers may hesitate to go for the cloud before being giving strong assurances of its security. In addition, it is also important for the providers and customers to have a good idea about all aspects of cloud opportunities and challenges and how it may benefit them. Here comes another challenge, where the lack of written service standers pose an issue for enterprises as a result of not having enough information from the cloud providers with specific details such as data location, technology used, staff situation, and mode of operations. Having this information clear and documented by the cloud providers will give the opportunity for understanding all dimensions of environment guidelines rather than having cloud services in an invisible way for the e-commerce enterprises. However, these challenges and others have been subjected to many studies to reach practical solutions. Some of them proposed final solutions for particular challenges and others offered partial solutions or theoretical models. However, most have not been applied in practice for many reasons such as the impracticality, limited scope, complex methods or inefficiency of the proposed approaches. As a result researchers need to offer solutions that address most if not all challenges in practical, implementable and efficient ways. The best solutions need to integrate various methods and approaches to solve the problems without increasing the complexity of the systems and without sacrificing their performance. Only then effective and highly usable cloudbased e-commerce systems will be accepted and adopted. VII. CONCLUSION Cloud computing offers the platform for the new generation of e-commerce systems where the providers will rely on cloud service providers to satisfy their technical needs to implement and operate successful and trusted ecommerce applications. The cloud will add value for the enterprise and solve the problem of the high cost of owning and operating IT solutions to support their e-commerce applications or the high cost and uncertainty of outsourcing these applications to a third party. However, a number of challenges have been identified that are slowing this desired adoption of cloud-based e-commerce applications. These include security, trust, dependence on connectivity, data privacy and others which have to be addressed and effectively resolved. Earlier work in the field has been investigated to shed some light on the main aspects of cloud-based e-commerce applications, the possible solutions for the challenges, and the implications regarding the implementation part and how it can be applied. The main challenge that most agree upon is the security, where it is very important to provide secure transactions in e-commerce applications to protect sensitive data from disclosures and attacks. More and more research
is focusing on providing secure and trusted solutions for cloud-based e-commerce applications without compromising performance and efficiency. However, cloudbased e-commerce applications are still evolving and need more time and research efforts to mature enough to be the first solution for e-commerce enterprises. REFERENCES [1] J. Shen and Q. Shao, “Based on Cloud Computing Ecommerce Models and its Security”, International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp.:175-179, June 2011. [2] X. Yang, T. Pan, and J. Shen, “On 3G mobile e-commerce platform based on cloud computing,”, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Ubi-media Computing, IEEE, 2010. [3] D. Wang, “Influences of Cloud Computing on E-commerce Business and Industry”, Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 2013, No.6, pages: 313-318, 2013. [4] G. Lackermair, “Hybrid cloud architectures for the online commerce,” Procedia Computer Science 3: 550-555, 2011. [5] K. W. Nafi, T. S. Kar, M. A. Hossain, M.M.A. Hashem, M., “A new trusted and secured E-commerce architeture for cloud computing,” International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision (ICIEV), Vol. 1., No. 6, pp. 17-18, May 2013. [6] D. Wang, “Influences of Cloud Computing on E-Commerce Businesses and Industry,” Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 6, 313, 2013. [7] M. Wu, “Cloud trust model in e-commerce,” In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Networking and Network Security (ISNNS’2010), pp. 271-274, Jinggangshan (China): Academy Publisher, 2-44 April 2010. [8] R. Neumann, R. Dumke, and A. Schmietendorf, “Organic Product Catalogs: Towards an Architecture for Cloud-Based Micro Enterprise E-commerce,” In 2010 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), pp. 530-531, IEEE, 2010. [9] C. Sun, “Research of E-Commerce Based on Cloud Computing,” Advances in Computer Science and Information Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 15-20, 2012. [10] H. Wang, “Cloud Computing in E-commerce”, MSC Thesis in computing and management, 2011. [11] A.A.E. Saleh and A. Abou, “A Proposed Framework based on Cloud Computing for Enhancing E-Commerce Applications,” International Journal of Computer Applications, 59.5: 21-25, 2012. [12] M.D. Jyothi and D. R. Ingle, “Ecommerce Dealer Agent Mechanism in Cloud Computing Environment,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (IJARCSEE), 1.4, pp-72, 2012. [13] E.M. Hanna, N. Mohamed, and J. Al-Jaroodi, “The Cloud: Requirements for a Better Service,” In 2012 12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), pp. 787-792, IEEE, 2012. [14] M. Armbrust et al., “Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing,” Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2009-28, http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS2009-28.html, Feb. 10, 2009. [15] L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, and J. Voas, “DRAFT Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations,” NIST Special Publication 800-146, May 2011.
