Efficient Automatic Irrigation System using ZigBee

International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing, April 6-8, 2016, India

Efficient Automatic Irrigation System using ZigBee A. Ramya, G. Ravi  Abstract—Agriculture is the significant one for Indian economy. In order to improve the standard of agriculture a new technology has been developed in terms of automatic irrigation system for better and advance agriculture system. The main reason for the advancement in the agriculture irrigation process is for farmer’s convenient need and to reduce the water energy source. Earlier the irrigation system was done by the use of mobile alerts and PC, where most of the farmers are illiterate and incapable of understanding the alert messages that are sent by the earlier system. Thus to overcome this problem keypad is used in terms that the reference value of crops are loaded in microcontroller and acts accordingly. Hence the system can be operated without the knowledge of farmer and parameter level can be changed for different purpose. This process is accomplished by the ZigBee technology for communication purpose. Thus the farmers are helped out in well manner by available technology. Index Terms—Energy, Irrigation, PIC Microcontroller, Sensor Networks, Soil Moisture Sensor, ZigBee.

I. INTRODUCTION In order to improve the standard of agriculture a new technology named automatic irrigation system is developed. This technique is mainly utilized for the modernization of Indian agriculture. Here the system mainly focuses on monitoring the soil moisture, water level, checking the temperature and humidity level. The whole process is accomplished with the help of ZigBee protocol. The different types of irrigation are surface irrigation, drip irrigation, localized irrigation and sprinker irrigation. In surface irrigation, the moisture stays for long time even if the irrigation is completed. But less amount of water travels to root zone of the plant. In drip irrigation, the plant of root zone receives water continuously. It may lead to large amount of water supply in the root zone. Hence it causes root damage.

A. Ramya, Department of Electronics and Communication Eng., Sona College of Technology, Salem -5 (Email: [email protected]). G. Ravi, Department of Electronics and Communication Eng., Sona College of Technology, Salem -5 (Email: [email protected]).

To overcome these problems, here sensors are used to monitoring the water level in the soil. With the help of sensors various parameters of environment such as pressure, temperature and sound is being measured. Information between these sensors will be exchanged through radio signals. In general Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of four main components. They are radio, processor, sensors and battery. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can be used for many applications such as agriculture, disaster reduction, smart phones, etc. This WSN has undergone a rapid development in the agriculture field, for the purpose of monitoring the land and water resources. Based on the inputs that is received from the sensor all the devices will work on their own. The sensors used here is to monitor the agricultural land continuously. In addition to it, water will be supplied on the regular basis for the purpose of preserving soil moisture and avoiding moisture stress in the plant. In this paper, ZigBee module is used, because of its smaller size and low power digital radio. It operates on the frequency range of 2.4GHz and it has a maximum coverage area of 300m in real-time. ZigBee initially creates a mesh network for the purpose of transmitting the data to long distance. When the destination sensor is at longer distance it can also transmit the data through the intermediate devices. It is capable of connecting 255 devices per network and it has 250 kbps transmission rate. The microcontroller 16F877 Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) is used. It has an inbuilt Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) and capability to provide sufficient amount of power to all the inbuilt peripheral devices. In this paper, we will show the related works and methodology in Section II and III, the simulation results of zigbee in Sections IV, and the conclusion of the paper in Section V. II. RELATED WORKS In irrigation systems, many researches carried out by the latest technologies for efficient utilization of water, energy and increase the yield. Mula Irrigation System [1] in the south-east region which is localized in Spain has a centralized control system. That helps in monitoring the water delivered to irrigate each day and to monitor the operation of pumping station and failure detection. The implementation of these ideas helped to increase crop productivity and better quality of fruits. In this paper mainly focuses on the water content [2] that is contained in the water tank and then continuously monitors the level of the water. It is divided into two units namely: Master Unit (MU) and Slave Unit (SU).

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Master Unit has a role of monitoring the whole network and this unit is mainly used to check the status of water level at a particular tank and then it displays the water level in the Master Unit. Also by taking the input from the user it maintains the water at particular level. As soon as the system power’s up, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) (a) initializes the protocol stack (b) checks the wireless network links and (c) initiates all Slave Units. When the initialization process has been completed, the Slave Unit will be connected to the network and it sends the status of the water level. The water level that is sent from the Slave Unit will be displayed on the LCD. This paper describes about the humidity [3] content in the soil. Whenever the humidity goes below it is indicated by remote irrigation system. This system is based on the concept of micro controller and its program is based on assembly level language. Here the humidity sensor is placed near each tree and it should be kept below the upper layer of soil. In each sensor, minimum humidity level will be set. Now when the humidity of the soil goes below the set value, the comparator will be set high and finally all the outputs of the comparator will be connected to logic circuit(OR gate).The output is then coupled to the instrumentation amplifier which provides sufficient current to ADC channel. In case if any channel finds the high data, it switches on the relay and motor. The motor’s outlet pipe is connected to the valves of the different sectors. The opening and closing of the valve will be controlled by the micro-controller. This process will be done simultaneously by the stepper motor. When the valve is opened the motor will be ON and when the valve is closed the motor will be OFF. Here the different types of irrigation management [4] which helps in maximizing the yield and saving the water. This irrigation system makes use of the PIC micro-controller. The field condition will be continuously monitored by in-field sensors and this information will be transferred to GPS (Global Positioning System). It then communicates with the computer wirelessly. Information is got from the sensor network and this information will be interfaced using Bluetooth communication. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is mainly used for sensing temperature, wind and air. The sensed information will be sent to the base station. At the base station the GPS is mounted on the cart which is used for continuously updating the geo referential information from the sprinklers. Based on the head of the sprinkler the base station sends the control signal back to the irrigation control station in order to apply the specified depth of water. Real-Time Atomization of Agricultural Environment continuously monitoring the soil moisture and checking the humidity as well as temperature of the soil. It is done by the use of GSM (Global System for mobile communication). Here, a soil moisture sensor is used which measures the moisture of the soil and it informs to the centralized unit [5]. Now this unit will send the SMS to the end user through GSM (Global system for mobile communication).The centralized unit is programmed to wait for a certain period of time for the response from the end user. If the user does not give any response, then the system monitors the values continuously. Hence the data sends to the

centralized unit. Suppose, if the user wants to know about the water level, the user can send Query through SMS to the centralized unit. In response to the query, the centralized unit will check the current water level and reply to the user. The proposed paper explains about an innovative technology for expanding the irrigation areas in order to satisfy the demand for food, fiber and feed. Most of the countries have the pressure to produce effectively more food with less amount of water. (For e.g. Water Administration System (WAS) implemented in South Africa).The WAS helps in efficient utilization of water at farm level and it also helps in the increase of water productivity. III. METHODOLOGY In the proposed irrigation system, agricultural land is divided into parcels. Each parcel has temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and soil moisture sensor in which it senses the data and collects the information and transmits it into the ZigBee. It collects the information periodically for every 10sec. A. ZigBee Transmitter ZigBee is a wireless communication device. It is used to communicate the data from ZigBee transmitter to ZigBee receiver. By the use of transformer, power supply is divided into each section of the circuit in both of them. In transmitter section of Fig. 1, Temperature sensor, Soil moisture sensor and Humidity sensor are used to senses the data. Temperature sensor implemented in this system is thermistor type of sensor. It senses the temperature level in the field which is measured in the unit of Degree Celsius. Humidity Sensor senses the humidity level in the air. Soil moisture sensor senses the water content in the soil. This sensor is buried into the soil. These sensors sense the different physical data and convert into electrical signal. All the respective electrical signal of the sensors is connected into each of the respective Amplifier. These Amplifiers converts the weak electrical signal into strong electrical signal. These signals are connected into the internal ports of PIC microcontroller. PIC Microcontroller is already programmed using the programming language which is Embedded C. It is implemented using MP Lab Simulator (Microchip Laboratory). PIC has inbuilt of ADC (Analog to Digital Converter). It converts analog value into digital value. This value is stored and it is compared with reference value. Keypad is used to enter the reference value of the sensors. If the soil moisture value is less than reference value and also if water tank level is high, then pump will be started automatically. Otherwise pump will not get started.PIC Microcontroller is connected with Driver circuit which is used for proper switching of the relay. Relay is an electromechanical switch which is used to activate the pump and water tank. The water pump is attached to relay. B. Decision making System In Fig. 2, first step is to initializing the system. Then the system collects the values from each sensor as parcels. Each sensor values is compared with the reference values for each

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parcel and if it is less than the reference value, then the irrigation process get started. Otherwise the system starts to collects the next periodical information. LCD Tank

Temperature Sensor

Moisture Sensor

Amplifier

Amplifier

PICC. µC D.

Driver Circuit

Relay

Pump

16F877

Humidity Sensor

E.

Amplifier

ZigBee

F.

Keypad Fig. 1. ZigBee Transmitter

Initializing the System Yes docu Are soil moisture, ment temperature andor humidity values calculated? the sum mary of an inter Use the reference value estin g point . You Decisioncan Making posit ion the text box Does the field anyw need water? here needneesMa in kingthe Yes docu docu ment Start Irrigation ment . Use or the the Fig. 2. Decision Making Dra System sum wing mary Tool of an s tab inter to estin chan g

No noonNt Nhe summary of an interesti ng point. You can position the text box anywher e in the documen t. Use No the the Drawing sum Tools mary tab to of an change inter the estin formatti gng of the point pull .quote You text can box.] posit ion the text box anyw here

C. ZigBee Receiver Section In Fig. 3, data is received from the sensors by the use of ZigBee. It is connected to PC through RS232. RS232 is used to connect the computer serial ports. By the use of the software named Visual Basic. This software is used for analyzing the data of humidity level, soil moisture level and temperature level in PC.

PC

RS232

ZigBee

Fig. 3. ZigBee Receiver

G. Transmitter section 1. Temperature Sensor: It is a type of resistor which will vary with temperature which is measured in terms of degree Celsius. The sensor is made up of polymer or ceramic and typically the temperature is achieved between 90 degree Celsius and 130 degree Celsius. 2. Humidity Sensor: It is also called hygrometer. It consists of two metal plates with nonconductive polymer film. This film measures the voltage level between the two plates. The difference in voltage level is converted into digital values. 3. Soil Moisture sensor: It measures the water content in the soil. Commonly used sensor is frequency domain sensor and it consists of two galvanized wires. 4. PIC 16F877: PIC Microcontroller has inbuilt of memory, CPU and peripheral unit. It is based on RISC based architecture which is fabricated in CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide and Semiconductor). Its main advantage is low

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power consumption and chip size is very small.PIC16F877 has special type of flash memory which is used to retain the data even the power is switched OFF. 5. ZigBee: ZigBee is based on IEEE 802.11b standard technology. It has the advantage of low power usage and it uses fully handshake protocol for reliability. It has two modes which either beacon or non-beacon mode which is used for enabling the data traffic. If the transmission of message is complete, then it moves to next beacon schedule which goes to sleep mode. IV. SIMULATION RESULTS In Fig. 4, shows schematic diagram for irrigation system which shows the values of humidity level, soil moisture level and temperature level by the use of LCD display. The Schematic Diagram is simulated by using Proteus Design Software. If the soil moisture value is less than the reference value, then the motor pump get into ON state through relay switch.

Fig. 5. Data Transmission of ZigBee

Fig. 6. Continuous Transmission of ZigBee

V. CONCLUSION

Fig. 4. Schematic Diagram of Irrigation System

By using digital oscilloscope, sensor data transmission of ZigBee will be shown in Fig. 5. In Digital Oscilloscope, Channel A is used to show the ZigBee sensor values. Fig. 6 shows monitoring of the soil moisture level, humidity level and temperature level of the system. It receives the sensor data for every 10sec period by the use of ZigBee. Here M represents soil moisture level, T represents Temperature level and H means Humidity level.

In this paper, the system is designed in such a way that without the help of farmer the water supplements are processed for irrigation and water source is saved immensely. Moreover this paper is accomplished in such a way that it helps out in minimizing the human resources in terms of energy, time and human effort in the agricultural field. In addition, it saves the water and increases the crop yield. This system can be used for different types of crops and there is no need to change the system for different kinds of crop production. Thereby the result is that cost is also reduced immensely. Here the results are tested and monitored in such a way that the sensors are continuously evaluated. Thus in the agriculture, irrigation process is well monitored and the process are accomplished.

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