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F Cell viability measurements Æ doxycycline (72–96 h) for the non-targeting scrambled shRNA (NT CTL), CDK2, and MITF conditional knockdown cell lines in ...
Alireza Azimi et al

Molecular Systems Biology

CDK2i overcomes BRAFi-Hsp90i resistance

Expanded View Figures Only for b

A Heating T (˚C)

TPP

Centrifugation and recover supernatant

TMT Labelling

Melt curve

TMT 2

...

...

DMSO

m/z

1:1 (v:v)

Phospho-TPP

TMT ... Melt curve

For each protein: TMT ...

T10

TiO2 enrichment

TMT 10

m/z

B

C

Melting curves of the same protein +/- drug Fraction non-denatured

+DMSO + drug

T (˚C)

‘Intact cells’ layout (in vivo conditions)

Target protein that is stabilized by the interaction with the drug

Primary targets

SK-Mel 24 Drug / DMSO ‘Intact cells’ 37

Primary & secondary (downstream) targets

SK-Mel 24 - Intact cells 37

40 43

46

49 67 70

52

55 58

5

SK-Mel 28 Drug / DMSO ‘Intact cells’

SK-Mel 24 Drug / DMSO ‘Intact cells’ 37

45

5

34

SK-Mel 24 Drug / DMSO ’Lysate’

SK-Mel 28 Drug / DMSO ’Lysate’ 7

T (˚C)

41

30

SK-Mel 28 Drug / DMSO ’Lysate’ 20

28

SK-Mel 28 - Intact cells 61

64

- + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - +

90

SK-Mel 24 Drug / DMSO ’Lysate’

SK-Mel 28 Drug / DMSO ‘Intact cells’ 32

E kDa

D

‘Lysate’ layout (in vitro conditions)

T (˚C)

TMT 3

Fraction non-denatured

b ‘Intact cells’ layout Intact cells (NOT Treatment lysates!) are harvested with with and aliquoted drug /

bRP/ LC/MS/MS

Intensity

T3

OR

Intensity

T2

Protein digestion

a

TMT 1

Cooling

Cell lysis: freeze and thaw

T1

Cell lysis by freeze & thaw

Lysate incubation with +Drug / DMSO

Fraction non-denatured

For each protein:

‘Lysate’ layout

T (˚C) XL888 Hsp90α and β

37 kDa 90

40 43

46

49 67 70

52

55 58

61

64

- + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - +

T (˚C) XL888 Hsp90α and β

44

CDC37

44

CDC37

42

β-actin

42

β-actin

F

Lysate / intact cells Cell line 2 (+DMSO (or drug))

Melting curves of the same protein in different cell lines Protein that is more stable in Cell line 1 cell line 2 due to Cell line 2 a different PTMs status / mutation etc. Fraction non-denatured

Lysate / intact cells Cell line 1 (+DMSO (or drug))

‘Meltome’ of resistant / sensitive cell lines

T (˚C)

Figure EV1.

ª 2018 The Authors

Molecular Systems Biology 14: e7858 | 2018

EV1

Molecular Systems Biology



CDK2i overcomes BRAFi-Hsp90i resistance

Alireza Azimi et al

Figure EV1. TPP platform employed in this study. A Workflow of the TPP platforms (“lysate” and “intact cells”) used to measure the proteome and phosphoproteome thermal stability upon drug treatment using a TMT approach. B The comparison of the proteome thermal stability upon different conditions (+/ drug) enables to identify the drug targets. C The two layouts “lysate” and “intact cells” provide complementary information regarding the nature of the targets (primary drug targets or secondary targets; Franken et al, 2015). D Venn diagrams of the entries retrieved by the comparisons in different settings. Experiments were performed in two biological replicates. E Validation of Hsp90 and CDC37 thermal shift by Western blot. F The TPP workflow enables the comparison of the thermal stability of proteome and phosphoproteome of resistant versus sensitive cells to the Hsp90i XL888.

EV2

Molecular Systems Biology 14: e7858 | 2018

ª 2018 The Authors

Alireza Azimi et al

Molecular Systems Biology

CDK2i overcomes BRAFi-Hsp90i resistance

SK-Mel 24_Intact cells_Drug/DMSO

SK-Mel 24_Lysate_Drug/DMSO

HSP90AA1 RPS3-T221 221 SURF6 CPT2 C11orf98 ZFP36L2 LLPH SRF PAK4-T474 STXBP3 CDC37 CYP51A1 SLC26A2 ZFR SLC35B2 HSP90AB1 H PYCR1 HSP90AB1-T225 UNC119B ACADSB HSP90AB1-T226 GLUD1

HSP90B1

TTC39B

ACOX3 ITIH4 PH PHOSPHO2 H

ATPAF2

OTC RPL36AL

HSP90AA4P

PDE6D

UNC119B ITIH6

MSI2 LRRC14

FECH MAGED1

XL888

HNRNPUL2 CAT

FCRLA SMARCA2 HNRNPU

IMPAD1

GARS

CPT2 CPOX

AAMP

CBS

SIAE

FAM213B

ALDH1A3 RBMS1

TK2 GLUD2 G COA7 Q QDPR YIPF3 H3F3A MASTL DARS2

PFN3

PLCH1

ENO1 LARS2

ST3GAL4

HNRNPUL1

ADK

XL888

TBC1D5

ADCK3 NOL12

TTF2

NAMPT

DHTKD1

SFPQ

GLUD2

RPL36 O OSBPL1A

PFAS

WDFY1

HSP90AB1

TRAP1 RBMS2 PMPCA CELF2 CPSF7

PDK1

PDK3

COL4A3BP NPC2 GLUD1

PLEKHF1

PI4KB S STARD5 MRI1 UNC119

SK-Mel 28_Intact cells_Drug/DMSO

SK-Mel 28_Lysate_Drug/DMSO

HSF1-S363 RAF1-S301

HSP90AB1-S226

PFN3

HSP90AB1 ABCE1 LGMN HSP90AB1-S255 5 PLA1A

ESF1

EIF3B

UGDH

UQCRC2 CDC37

CHURC1 1 RBMS2

PLCH1 EIF4G1

DUT

PDK1

UNC119B MEF2D DHRS1

GFPT1 GLUD2 CDC37L1 XL888

GLUD1 RRAGC

PON3

SP110 PDE6D

SDR39U1

XL888

DCAF15 RLBP1

PI4KB

PDXK

SIL1

PMPCA DNAH2

ADK

GSR

GLUD2

PDK3

CPT2

RLBP1

ADK ANP32E

ARHGEF17

PGM1

DARS2 HSP90AB4P

TK2 GEMIN6

CYTH1

IDH1

HSP90AA1

GNE

HSP90B1

SPR

CEP131 ARPC3

ERCC3

THEM4 MSI2

ACADS FRMPD3 RPS2 UNC119B

GMDS

SNX30 B3GLCT T TSTA3 PNKP FKBP2

MDC1-S376

RPS16

GNB2 RPSA

RPS29

PDRG1

CEP350

MDC1-T455

CPOX

STARD5 HSP90B1 NOL12

PPP5C

ABL2

HSP90AA4P

RNF149 STIP1 HSP90AB1 HSP90AA1 1

Log2 ratio fold change Protein Phosphosite: activity ON

-5.4 deStabilized

0

12.4 Stabilized

Phosphosite: activity OFF Phosphosite: other functions Hsp90 interactor

Figure EV2. TPP and phospho-TPP protein interaction maps in sensitive and resistant cells. Protein interaction map built using Cytoscape 3.2 and Reactome as plugin (see Appendix) and the statistical significant entries generated from the comparison of the proteome and phosphoproteome of drug versus DMSO for sensitive and resistant cells in both “lysate” and “intact cell” layouts.

ª 2018 The Authors

Molecular Systems Biology 14: e7858 | 2018

EV3

Molecular Systems Biology

CDK2i overcomes BRAFi-Hsp90i resistance

SK-Mel 28 / SK-Mel 24_Intact cells_Drug

SK-Mel 28 / SK-Mel 24_Intact cells_DMSO RPS27 G GSTZ1 GLUD1 GLUD2 RTFDC1 C1 STAT1-S727 NQO2 RNGTT S100A10 S SNRPA1 A1 NOP58 MDN1 SNRPB2 DLAT PAK4-S474 KIF3C CD55 GMDS PDHX SNW1 ELMSAN1 N1 RBBP4 XPNPEP3 E2F3 PRUNE2 TMA16 PDE1C CDK6 GSTP1 FRA10AC1 OAT CTBP2 KANK2 GTF2A2 DMSO UQCRC2 TFAM CRKL MICU1 UQCRC1 ZNF318 ARHGEF5 TIMELESS MTHFD2 EEF1A2 SNX1 TTC38 SNX5 RRAGA GFPT1 ECH1 HSP90B1 SERPINB8 ACADS MANBA MRPL9 LONP1 TPP2 ANP32B-T244 MRPS27 CLCC1 CHCHD7 PEA15-S116S PCMT1 T1 SCPEP1 DHTKD1 KD1 SYNE2 PFAS PPP1R9B B SAT2 CRYBG3

IMPAD1 T TIMELESS SERPINB8 G GTF3C1 C1 E EEF1A2 FTSJ3 CEP131 31 OAT GSTP1 MANBA BA PLD3 PGLS S NT5C DBT CDC45 RPS6KA3-S369 CHRAC1 TAF5 RBBP9 PPP1R9B CDK7 SMARCA5 SPECC1 POP4 SEPT11 RUVBL2 SLC35B2 RUVBL1 NUBPL SERPINA3 MAD2L1BP DDX49 XL888 MKRN2 DHTKD1 SPTBN2 MPHOSPH6 SYNE1 SNTB2 CD55 ZC3H7B ESF1 LONP1 ALDOA AP4B1 PDHX RPL37A NME4 DNAJC11 SNX1 RBM14 SNX5 RTFDC1 QTRTD1 RPS3-T221 GSTM2 THOC7 SNRPB2 PRKAR1A-S83 DPP8 8 RPL7L1 6 MATR3 R3 SET TMA16 LMAN1 RBM12B B MRM1 M1 KANK2 K2

SK-Mel 28 / SK-Mel 24_Lysate_Drug

SK-Mel 28 / SK-Mel 24_Lysate_DMSO

RPL3 RPL7A RP PL RPL38

LDHB

DDHD2 HARS SUGT1 S T1 TRA2B C10orf11 C

RPL6 RPL26

RPL15 5

RPL22

RPL10A RPL13 RPL34 RPL31 GGH

C5orf22 IFT74 HACL1 1 UACA SHMT2 RPL34 R RCAN1 ENTHD2 RPL3 RPL23 CD2BP2

NECAP1

MVP

PARD3 RPL7A MINPP1 M RPL31

SDCBP GLUD2 OSGEP MVP

APEH PARP4 GEMIN6 SHMT2 RNF141 MYOM1 1 DHTKD1 KD1 D CPOX OX XM MMAB PCMT1 T1 POP4 CHURC1 PGM2L1 HERC2 PEBP1 APRT FASTKD5 WDR92 XL888 CRKLPMM2 NDUFB3 N KIF7 C11orf98 C1QBP MCOLN2 TXNDC5 FABP7 NFRKB SEPT6 PT T6 T SARS2 TTC39C APOA1BP PGM1 CTSL SF LRASSF3 MRTO4 4 ELF1 E DPYSL2 D 2 JMJD7 PDE5A ATPAF2 ALDOA HSPD1 CLIP4 C CD2BP2 CDK6 C GTPBP3 SF3B2 CDK4 CYB5R2 TUBGCP6 RACGAP1

APRT

CNDP2

DYNC1LI1 I1

Alireza Azimi et al

CRK

ACOT13

NAPA PDE5A

SRC

CA13 XL888

HSPD1 FASTKD5

DIP2B CDK6 ACP2

PKM PAK2 ARFGAP2 SDHB

PPP3CB C CDK4 CDK2 RRP9

CNDP2 PARP4 ACP1 RACGAP1 MSANTD4 GLUD2 CRKL PGM5 GLDC G DYNC1H1 1 PCMT1 ITSN2 CFL2 HSCB DHTKD1 H D DH PEPD RAD21

GSTZ1

DYNC1H1

Log2 ratio fold change Protein Phosphosite: activity ON

-8.9

0

deStabilized

Phosphosite: activity OFF

16.9 Stabilized

Phosphosite: other functions Hsp90 interactor

Figure EV3. Proteome thermal stability of resistant versus sensitive cells. Protein interaction map built using Cytoscape 3.2 and Reactome as plugin (see Appendix) and the statistical significant entries generated from the comparison of the proteome and phosphoproteome thermal stability of resistant versus sensitive cells different settings.

EV4

Molecular Systems Biology

14: e7858 | 2018

ª 2018 The Authors

Alireza Azimi et al

CDK2i overcomes BRAFi-Hsp90i resistance

Molecular Systems Biology

Figure EV4. Validation of the TPP and proteomics findings. A B C D E F

Melting curves of some hits generated by the comparison of the baseline thermal stability of SK-Mel 24 and SK-Mel 28 in lysate and intact cell settings. Validation of pPAK4 thermal shift by Western blot. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the proteomics (left panel) and phosphoproteomics (right panel) results in different settings. Western blot analyses of SK-Mel 24 and SK-Mel 28 upon BRAFi treatment show phosphorylation and activation of pERK. Protein expression levels of the shared kinases statistically significant regulated in SK-Mel 24 and SK-Mel 28 upon treatment with BRAFi-Hsp90i/DMSO. Cell viability measurements  doxycycline (72–96 h) for the non-targeting scrambled shRNA (NT CTL), CDK2, and MITF conditional knockdown cell lines in DMSO (SD is plotted; n = 3). G Western blots of protein expression levels of CDK2 in A375 DR1, ESTDAB 37, M026.X1.CL, and MNT-1 DR100 upon treatment with DMSO, BRAFi, and Hsp90i at 72 h (left panel). Band intensities for the quantification of CDK2 expression levels in different cell lines in different settings were normalized against the mean of GAPDH, and DMSO treatment was used as reference (right panel). H Western blot of protein expression levels of AKT1 in SK-Mel 24 and SK-Mel 28 in different settings at 48-h treatment.

ª 2018 The Authors

Molecular Systems Biology 14: e7858 | 2018

EV5



Molecular Systems Biology

Alireza Azimi et al

CDK2i overcomes BRAFi-Hsp90i resistance

‘Lysate’ SK-Mel 28 - DMSO / SK-Mel 24 - DMSO

A CDK6

CDK4

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

Fraction non-denatured

Fraction non-denatured

Fraction non-denatured

PAK2 1

1

1

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

0.6 0.4 0.2 0 37 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 61 64 67 T (°C)

0 37 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 61 64 67 T (°C)

0 37 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 61 64 67 T (°C)

‘Intact cells’ SK-Mel 28 - DMSO / SK-Mel 24 - DMSO

‘Lysate’ SK-Mel 28 - DMSO / SK-Mel 24 - DMSO

pPAK4 (S474)

CDK2 1

pSTAT1 (S727) 1

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

Fraction non-denatured

1 Fraction non-denatured

Fraction non-denatured

0.8

0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2

0.8 0.6

SK-Mel 28 SK-Mel 24

0.4 0.2

0 37 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 61 64 67

0 37 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 61 64 67

0 37 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 61 64 67

T (°C)

T (°C)

T (°C)

B

SK-Mel 28 / SK-Mel 24 - DMSO Intact cells 64

T (˚C) 24 = SK-Mel 24 28 = SK-Mel 28

28

24

67 28

24

28

24

59

28

24

56 28

24

53

28

24

50

28

47 24

28

24

44

28

24

41

28

24

37 kDa 75

pPAK4 S474

50

β-actin

37

D

PCA

-20

E

-10 0 10 20 Component 1 (71.1%)

20

D

BR

M

AF

i

SO

i AF

SO D

pERK (Y204/Y187)

BRAFi

42/44

total ERK

0

42/44

30

DMSO

β-actin

45

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 Component 1 (38.9%)

F

40

SK-Mel 28 120 100

SK-Mel 28 BRAFi+Hsp90i / DMSO

183

SK-Mel 28

Hsp90i

Viable cells (%)

571

kDa

BRAFi+Hsp90i

Protein Expression Levels UPREGULATED & DOWNREGULATED PROTEINS SK-Mel 24 BRAFi+Hsp90i / DMSO

SK-Mel 24 SK-Mel 28

-20

Hsp90i BRAFi+Hsp90i -30

SK-Mel 24 Component 2 (17.3%)

10 15

BRAFi

0

5

SK-Mel 24 DMSO

-10 -5

Component 2 (7.9%)

SK-Mel 28

Phosphoproteomics

BR

Protein Expression Levels

M

C

325

80 -dox DMSO +dox DMSO

60 40 20 0 NT CTL

Out of which 17 kinases

-3.59 Downregulated

0 0.78 Upregulated

kDa

0

L

10

.C D

R

X1

-0.98

Log2 ratio fold change

6.

-1.29

-0.82

T1

-1.99

ROCK2

SK-Mel 24

M N

ROCK1

H

02

-1.49

1

-1.68

37

-0.67

PTK2

AB

-0.61

TD

-1.84

PRPF4B

M

-0.77

R

-0.77

PRKCD

D

-0.69

ES

-2.30

PNKP

75

-1.96

-1.97

A3

-1.19

PI3KC2A

0 GAPDH

36

SK-Mel 28 BRAFi + Hsp90i

PBK

CDK2

Hsp90i

-2.11

36

BRAFi

-3.59

-1.66

100

SO BR AF i XL 88 8

-0.93

NEK9

MNT-1 DR100

D M

MAPK4K

CDK2 - DMSO CDK2 - BRAFi CDK2 - Hsp90i

No Yes

DMSO

-1.66

BR AF i XL 88 8

-0.81

-0.63

BRAFi + Hsp90i

-1.40

HK2

SO

GSK3β

kDa

D M

-0.80

Hsp90i

-0.69

-0.75

M026.X1.CL

BR AF i XL 88 8

-1.20

EIF2AK4

ESTDAB 37

BRAFi

CDK5

A375 DR1

SO

0.78

Yes Yes

DMSO

-1.06

-0.73

No No

D M

-0.86

CDK2

No Yes

8

CDC4BPB

Sensitive to BRAFi Hsp90i

88

-1.26

XL

-2.17

i

AKT1

shRNA MITF

G

BR AF

SK-Mel 28

SO

SK-Mel 24

D M

BRAFi+Hsp90i / DMSO (Log2 scale)

shRNA CDK2

60

AKT1

45

β-actin

Figure EV4.

EV6

Molecular Systems Biology 14: e7858 | 2018

ª 2018 The Authors