Fault Classification and Location of Power

)DXOW&ODVVLILFDWLRQDQG/RFDWLRQRI3RZHU 7UDQVPLVVLRQ/LQHV8VLQJ$UWLILFLDO 1HXUDO1HWZRUN 07DUDIGDU+DJK.5D]LDQG+7DJKL]DGHK

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

,QGH[ 7HUPVIDXOW FODVVLILFDWLRQ IDXOW ORFDWLRQ WUDQVPLVVLRQ OLQHVSURWHFWLRQDUWLILFLDOQHXUDOQHWZRUN$11 

$

,,1752'8&7,21

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

0 7DUDIGDU +DJK LV ZLWK WKH 'HSDUWPHQW RI (OHFWULFDO DQG &RPSXWHU (QJLQHHULQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 7DEUL] 7DEUL] ,UDQ HPDLO WDUDIGDU#WDEUL]XDFLU  .DYHK 5D]L DQG +DVVDQ 7DJKL]DGHK DUH ZLWK )DFXOW\ RI (OHFWULFDO DQG &RPSXWHU (QJLQHHULQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 7DEUL] 7DEUL] ,UDQ HPDLO NDYUD]L#JPDLOFRPKDWDJKL]DGHK#JPDLOFRP 

QHFHVVDU\UHSDLUVDQGWRUHVWRUHSRZHUDVVRRQDVSRVVLEOH,Q ORFDWLQJ IDXOW LQIRUPDWLRQ SURGXFHG IURP FODVVLILFDWLRQ VHFWLRQFRXOGEHXVHGIRUDFFXUDWHIDXOWORFDWLRQDQGHYDOXDWH WKH QHFHVVDU\ UHSDLULQJ SURFHGXUH WR EH FDUULHG RXW 8VXDO PHWKRGVIRUIDXOWORFDWLRQDUHDVIROORZV x 7KHPHDVXUHPHQWRIWLPHEHWZHHQVHQGLQJDQGUHFHLYLQJ DQHOHFWULFSXOVHUHIOHFWHGIURPIDXOWORFDWLRQ x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

1541 c 2007 RPS 978-981-05-9423-7 



,Q VRPH OLWHUDWXUHV VXFK DV >@ DQG >@ WKH QHXUDO QHWZRUN WKDW DFFRPSOLVKHG IRU SRZHU WUDQVPLVVLRQ OLQH UHOD\LQJ PXVW EHWUDLQWROHDUQWKHIDXOWLQFHSWLRQDQJOHV,QWKLVSDSHUZLWKD SURFHGXUH WKDW WDNHV SODFH LQ SUHSURFHVVLQJ PRGXOH IDXOW LQFHSWLRQ DQJOH ),$  GRHVQ¶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³%HVW $11 VWUXFWXUHV IRU IDXOW ORFDWLRQLQVLQJOHDQGGRXEOHFLUFXLWWUDQVPLVVLRQOLQHV´,(((7UDQVRQ 3RZHU'HOLYHU\YROQRSS2FW >@ $:LV]QLHZVNL$FFXUDWHIDXOWLPSHGDQFHORFDWLQJDOJRULWKPLQ,(( 3URF&YROSS >@ 6 ( :HVWOLQ DQG - $ %XEHQNR 1HZWRQ5DSKVRQ  WHFKQLTXH DSSOLHG WR WKH IDXOW ORFDWLRQ SUREOHP LQ ,((( 3(6 6XPPHU 0HHWLQJ 3DSHUQR$ >@ +D\NLQ 1HXUDO 1HWZRUNV $ &RPSUHKHQVLYH IRXQGDWLRQ 1HZ @ 0DKDQW\ 51 DQG 'XWWD  *XSWD 3 % ³$SSOLFDWLRQ RI 5%) QHXUDO QHWZRUN WR IDXOW FODVVLILFDWLRQ DQG ORFDWLRQ LQ WUDQVPLVVLRQ OLQHV´ ,(( 3URF*HQHU7UDQVP'LVWULEYRO1RSS0DUFK >@ 6DQD\H3DVDQG 0 .KRUDVKDGL=DGHK + 0DOLN 23+LJK VSHHG DFFXUDWH WUDQVPLVVLRQ OLQH GLVWDQFH SURWHFWLRQ XVLQJ $11V ,(((SRZHUHQJLQHHULQJVRFLHW\VXPPHUPHHWLQJ9ROSS -XO\ >@ 36&$'(07'& 8VHU¶V 0DQXDO 0DQLWRED +9'& 5HVHDUFK &HQWHU :LQQLSHJ0DQLWRED&DQDGD >@ + 'HPXWK 1HXUDO 1HWZRUN 7RRO%R[ )RU 8VH ZLWK 0DW/DE 1DWLFN 0$7KH0DWK:RUNV

 +DVVDQ 7DJKL]DGHK  UHFHLYHG WKH %6F GHJUHH LQ HOHFWULFDO HQJLQHHULQJ IURP WKH ,VODPLF $]DG 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 7DEUL] ,UDQ RQ -DQXDU\  +H LV FXUUHQWO\ SXUVXLQJ WKH 06F GHJUHH LQ GHSDUWPHQW RI HOHFWULFDO DQG FRPSXWHU HQJLQHHULQJ DW WKH 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 7DEUL],UDQ +LV FXUUHQW UHVHDUFK LQWHUHVWV DUH DUWLILFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH ZLWK DSSOLFDWLRQ WR SRZHU V\VWHP DQGSRZHUHOHFWURQLF         

       

1546

The 8th International Power Engineering Conference (IPEC 2007)