Fields of the Cell Editors: Daniel Fels1, Michal Cifra2, Felix Scholkmann3 1
Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Photonics and Electronics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic 3 Bellariarain 10, Zurich, Switzerland 2
Research Signpost, T.C. 37/661 (2), Fort P.O., Trivandrum-695 023 Kerala, India
Published by Research Signpost 2015; Rights Reserved Research Signpost T.C. 37/661(2), Fort P.O., Trivandrum-695 023, Kerala, India E-mail IDs:
[email protected] [email protected];
[email protected] Websites: http://www.ressign.com http://www.trnres.com http://www.signpostejournals.com http://www.signpostebooks.com Editors Daniel Fels Michal Cifra Felix Scholkmann Managing Editor S.G. Pandalai Publication Manager A. Gayathri Research Signpost and the Editors assume no responsibility for the opinions and statements advanced by contributors ISBN: 978-81-308-0544-3
Contents Prologue
i
Introduction
ii
Chapter 1 The evolution of the biological field concept Antonios Tzambazakis
1
Chapter 2 The field and the photon from a physical point of view Pierre Madl and Stephane Egot-Lemaire
29
Chapter 3 Detection and measurement of biogenic ultra-weak photon emission Pierre Madl
55
Chapter 4 Equilibrium and far-from equilibrium states Claudio Rossi, Pierre Madl, Alberto Foletti and Chiara Mocenni
71
Chapter 5 The origin and the special role of coherent water in living systems Emilio Del Giudice, Vladimir Voeikov, Alberto Tedeschi and Giuseppe Vitiello
95
Chapter 6 The photon source within the cell Ankush Prasad and Pavel Pospíšil
113
Chapter 7 Photon emission in multicellular organisms Eduard Van Wijk, Yu Yan and Roeland Van Wijk
131
Chapter 8 Electromagnetic cell communication and the barrier method Daniel Fels
149
Chapter 9 Coherence and statistical properties of ultra-weak photon emission Christian Brouder and Michal Cifra
163
Chapter 10 Cellular electrodynamics in kHz–THz region Michal Cifra
189
Chapter 11 Investigating encounter dynamics of biomolecular reactions: long-range resonant interactions versus Brownian collisions Jordane Preto, Ilaria Nardecchia, Sebastien Jaeger Pierre Ferrier and Marco Pettini
215
Chapter 12 Synchrony and consciousness Thilo Hinterberger, Cigdem Önal-Hartmann and Vahid Salari
229
Chapter 13 Cytoskeletal electrostatic and ionic conduction effects in the cell Douglas Friesen, Travis Craddock, Avner Priel, and Jack Tuszynski
247
Chapter 14 Morphogenetic fields: History and relations to other concepts Lev V. Beloussov
271
Chapter 15 Endogenous bioelectric cues as morphogenetic signals in vivo Maria Lobikin and Michael Levin
283
Chapter 16 Electromagnetic resonance and morphogenesis Alexis Pietak
303
Epilogue
321
Acknowledgements
321
Research Signpost 37/661 (2), Fort P.O. Trivandrum-695 023 Kerala, India
D. Fels, M. Cifra and F. Scholkmann (Editors), Fields of the Cell, 2015, ISBN: 978-81-308-0544-3, p. 29–53.
Chapter 2
The field and the photon from a physical point of view 1
2
Pierre Madl and Stephane Egot-Lemaire 1
University of Salzburg, Department of Physics & Biophysics, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, A-5020 Salzburg, AUT.; 2Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Department of Applied Biology and Biomedical Engineering, 5500 Wabash Avenue, Terre Haute, IN, USA Abstract: In order for life scientists to better understand the relationships between cells of living organisms and electromagnetic radiation (EMR), this chapter gives some explanations about general concepts in electrodynamics. These notions encompass the physical nature of electromagnetic energy (electric and magnetic fields), its origin and its different forms and characteristics (fields, waves, photons of different frequencies) including modalities how to generate or pick up this energy via antennas or photonic detectors – with the latter being useful for detecting ultra-weak emissions of cells. The concepts of resonance and coherence are also explained, as well as how electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter. It is the aim of this section to provide concepts of understanding that assigns the wave-like property of EMR an equally important status as is already given to the particle property. Out of this equivalence, EMR-coherence and photonic coupling among biotic structures can be deduced naturally. Correspondence/Reprint request: Dr. Pierre Madl, University of Salzburg, Department of Physics & Biophysics, Hellbrunnerstr. 34 A-5020 Salzburg, AUT. E-mail:
[email protected]
1. The nature of electromagnetic energy Electromagnetic fields are physical quantities, which carry energy. As can be seen in Figure 1, the electromagnetic spectrum can be characterized by its energy, expressed in [eV] or by its frequency, expressed in [Hz, s-1] reflecting the number of oscillations per second, which is also inversely proportional to its wavelength given in [m].
30
Pierre Madl & Stephane Egot-Lemaire
Since this spectrum contains a wide range of different wavelengths, each of which exhibits different characteristics, it is divided into various domains that are named according to their dominant mode of application. Beginning with the most energetic spectral segment that purely encompasses ionising radiation, one can find among others γ-radiation and X-rays. It is predominantly utilized for diagnostic purposes or for the characterization of properties in matter. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is less energetic and as such found at the ionization threshold (minimum energy required to induce ionization: >10 eV or
