First-level trigger systems for LHC experiments - CERN Document
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First-level trigger systems for LHC experiments - CERN Document
systems for LHC experiments will have to be much faster and more powerful ... The time between bunch crossings at the LHC will be only 15 ns, compared .... coordinated with activities for level-2 triggers so that the combined rejection power of .... is possible, it would require a large number of crates of electronics with many.
Three possible altemative architectures are being studied: An improved single processor with synchronous bit-parallel data transmission and processing. This would have to use more advanced interconnection technology to overcome the problems described above and in Appendix 1. A single processor with asynchronous transmission of compressed zero suppressed data, followed by synchronous bit-parallel data processing. More details of this option are given in Appendix 2.
A farm of processors with bit-serial data transmission and processing, allowing a more compact design. A more detailed description of this option is included in Appendix 3.
The system aspects of all three possibilities are being actively pursued, each having
some advantages. We will use detailed system design studies to select an architecture within the first year of the project. In addition to overcoming the interconnection problem and making a more compact processor design, several significant improvements are required. We consider the addition of logic to uniquely identify the bunch·crossing responsible for the trigger to
be essential. This might be achieved by digital (or analogue) signal processing at the level of individual trigger channels. We also plan to improve the effectiveness of the isolation requirement by including hadron calorimeter information in the cluster-fmding algorithm.
- 13 OCR Output
We intend to construct a second small prototype processor. This will be used to assess the feasibility of key parts of the system. We plan to make beam tests of this second prototype trigger processor together with prototype calorimeters for LHC. This will
require the design, development and construction of additional electronics. Analogue summation will be used to combine the highly granular calorimeter cells into “trigger cells" corresponding to a granularity of An>
