Human Resource Management

Group Members Article

Name

Index No.

Department

M.S.M Siyas

100515J

Chemical and Process Engineering

M.R.M Zabrin

100617A


M.N.M Zamrath

100618D

M.H.M Siham

100507L

Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering Chemical and Process Engineering

H.P.K.S.A. Kumara

100822X

Earth Resources Engineering

K.M.D.C. Priyashantha

100861N


M.L.M Aswer

100862T


M.Z.M Rifad

100835N


D.M.D.N. Dissanayaka

100103U


G.M.S.D.D.B. Kukulewa

100267A


Editorial

Organizational Management

Marketing Management

Human Resources Management

Technological Management

Words of Editors

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ndustrial management is the subset of engineering that deals with new innovation and management of the organization which accumulate all resources such as people, material and energy in an efficient way. Industrial marketing is

business to business marketing. It is the marketing of products or services by one business to another. Our main objective in this magazine is to apply our knowledge on key management concepts to real world business scenarios in a creative way. In this magazine we have covered four major areas, that is organizational management, technology management, human resource management and marketing management.

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rganizational management is process of organizing, planning, leading and controlling available resources within an organization to achieve the objectives. Organizational management of a business should be able to make decisions and resolve arising problems in an effective and beneficial way. This article is based on a strategic mistake which was done by Commodore in early 1980s. they came with a new COMMODORE 128 by replacing COMMODORE 64 though people did not want that much higher performance

at that time. People still wanted COMMODORE 64. due to this COMMODORE had to step down from the business and they quite in 1994. we have given some suggestions that COMMODORE or any other similar organization could adapt with.

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n todays world technology plays a huge role and it is inevitable in organizational day to day activities. Technology is developing rapidly in an accelaration way. Technology management is simply defined as how well we use the technology for betterment of the organization. This article is based on the impact of the technology to the industy. Among the resources within the organization human resource is

the most valuable asset. Human resource management is the function within the organization which focuses on people while utilizing them in an efficient and effective way. The article regarding human resource management is all about their function. The human resource manger‟s key role is to hire the right person in the right place at the right time. So in order to increase the efficiency of this process we have given some suggestion here.

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arketing management is the main objective to

supply products to consumers. They should be occurring according to the consumer‟s wants and demands. So that marketing manager has a great responsibility to supply the goods at correct time to correct people that means there should be a correct supply chain management system. In marketing the main issue is competition. In this situation lot of brands come to the market. So in this case the firm has to distribute quality and very attractable goods to consumers. That means they have to satisfy the customers. In this article we have analyzed

about what is marketing management, function of marketing management, about competition. We have mentioned about the apple company and its development. So we have given some suggestions to increase efficiency to this process.

What happened to COMMODORE 64/128? You can not kill the C64 [1]

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he world that we are living is not just a living space as we have fallen to think as such. World has now frozen up to many layers and the people who are working on each of that are being thought that they are still on the earth. But some of them sometimes have dead on the living earth itself. Geek! Moreover this has been spread to many different geologies as well. What is more important is keeping the momentum of the resources up to the required level. Organizing. Managing. And Organization through managing. Thus Organizational Management. This makes sense. Strategies are essentially constructed at the apex of the organization. And it will be flowed to the bottom of the organization through several layers of management personnel. The more the personnel stick on the strategies, the more the results that they can guarantee to obtain. But the problem occurs at the phrase which has been underlined above. This is the mainstream that many an organizations tend to face. Even the strategies are set challengeably so that to obtain maximum benefit out of it, the bottom level of the organization might refuse to knit on to the keen. On the other hand if the strategies are more seeable, the personnel will be so grateful on the expense of declining the performance of the organization. Then what would be the resolution for this maniac? Some might suggest the Bottom-up approach of strategy formulation instead of the Top-down approach. It should be noted that despite the advantages of forming Bottom-up system, this itself contains plethora of hidden disadvantages such as budgetary slack, etc. What would happen if we stick to a balanced approach between Top-down and Bottom-up.

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ne of the greatest example related to this topic which comes in to the line of sight is the famous “COMMODORE 64/128” computers failure. Between 1983 and 1986 the market of this commodity had experienced an excessive booming. At that time APPLE, IBM and ATARI was quaked by seeing the 50% market share of this commodity. Later the COMMODORE 128 came in to the market by rendering high performance than the 64. Nevertheless people did not find that much of higher performance as such and had a lower demand. What was their tactic? Stop selling to US. Did it work? People all over the Europe did not go behind 128 even after this huge strategic mistake. The company could not bargain themselves to produce their products at a reasonable price and stepped down or in other words bankrupted in the spring of 1994. But the company has left few foods for think points with its insolvency. It could have been converted in to an huge success if the company had planned the strategic decision flow optimally that one could suggest. What had happened to the COMMODORE computer was they had been overwhelmed by their booming in the sale and they step in to the higher generation without considering the external factors those affects the sale of their product. Purely they lost their balance. Maintain the Balance

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irst of all the COMMODORE‟s Mission, Vision and Objectives should have been constructed and this should have been based on the capabilities and to the level of resources the organization owned. To do so the resources the COMMODORE was accessed with should have been evaluated carefully. Thus arrive at the organization‟s performance. To achieve a higher return on organization‟s performance in long term, the organization should have planed all these aspects rigidly. And this should have been followed by a well structured Strategy formulation policy in order to drive the organization in to the success.

To have a balanced approach the analysis should be sensitived to the edge of each scenario. This can be assisted by having an understanding on the environment. This is referred to as SWOT (Strengths, Weeknesses, Opportunities, Threats). How to avoid SWOT (Stupid Waste of Time)

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ice works never fails. Then why should not we keep this up on the level of Strategic apex? The three levels of management pillar are responsible for keep up the „Nice‟ work. Front line managers will direct the lower level personnel in the company in accordance with the direction they had from the middle layer management who is responsible for making direction imposed at the top level management. Top level is responsible for taking strategic decisions including strategic formulation which thrive the best

integration of Mission, Vision and Objectives of the company.

strived to cope with that then it was likely to happen the strategic formulation in regard to the balanced approach proposed earlier. Secondarily it was vital to consider the strengths in terms of unique features that the organization has than other peer players such as technical, knowledge buffers etc. 2.

Nice to say that the „Nice‟ work would avoid SWOT (Stupid Waste Of Time) being happened in the organization. When it comes to the resources the company owns, the human resources are a critical factor that the organization should closely deal with. Even this is an approach of Human Resource Management (HRM) the likelihood the organization would left behind the efficiency of personnel and the inadequate enthusiasm of them is comparatively high. To succeed in the strategic plans high commitment of the company‟s resources is required. To have a high throughput from the company‟s resources (i.e. machines, humans) they should be controlled „Nicely‟. For this the historical view is classical management approach whereas the most prominent approach is behavioral management approach. But in the case of COMMODORE, the suggestion could have been a sandwich of these two. They could have been integrated to come up with a new tactic where most of the resources are fully utilized.

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Strengths

Primarily Strength; from our perspective of looking at the problem; is how capable the COMMODORE was to face the change with the strategic formulation. If the organization

Weaknesses

Generally companies who are aiming to a balanced approach tend to have resistance from the personnel. This could lead the organization to have another overhead on the hand. Moreover the COMMODORE would had several shortages which would had arose negatively in near future. For a company which operates on a relatively large amount of working capital, the propagation of strategic formulation is unlikely to happen as they are advocated. It could lead the organization to wastage of resources. Therefore the Weaknesses should be highlighted well advance and should get the possible resolutions to rectify those. Another point where the COMMODORE went wrong was misjudged the external factors. In the first form of revolution in COMPMODORE 64, the people relied on the huge platform of applications on their computers. 3.

Opportunities

The favorable conditions or circumstances that can use strategically to benefit the organization are called as opportunities. From the external analysis COMMODORE could have revealed new opportunities such as unfulfilled customer needs, arrival of new technologies, loosening of regulations, removal of international trade barriers, etc. If the company met the need of highly enhanced platform for application development base the tragedy could have been controlled. 4.

Threats

The unfavorable external factors that affect the organization are known as threats. From the external analysis COMMODORE could have revealed threats such as changing government regulations, new

domestic and foreign competition, changing buyer taste, dependence on single supplier, etc. Evaluating SWOT

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WOT analysis is not as easy as described above. In this scenario to provide a better integrated solution what is more important is more accurate up to date data. If this is not met the outcome would not be highly beneficial. S and W should be evaluated internally where these two can be easily obtained for a company like this. These are mostly available as historical data of the company. But the second part; i.e. O and T evaluation, Porter‟s Five Forces (PFF) and PEST analysis could have been used. From PFF, COMMODORE could have obtained more specific data relevant to the competition in the related market. But to identify uncontrollable factors such as Political, Economical, Social and Technological factors, PEST analysis could have been used. The strategic decision of stop selling to US was not „Nice‟ as described above because the decision had lack of involvement of the analysis depicted above. They could have thought of somewhat a balance between foreign and local market. Past is Past The overall concern on the tragedy happened to COMMODORE 64/128 has been illustrated throughout this article on the basis of balance. Balance in Top down and Bottom up approaches, Balance in Resource Based and Rational Strategic Formulation methods, Balance in Foreign and Local marketing briefly balance in Strategic formulation would make a better integration of management to overcome similar scenarios like happened in COMMODORE. References [1] http://www.businesspundit.com/the25-worst-business-failures-in-history/ [2]http://www.lemon64.com/forum/vie wtopic.php?t=1528

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ARKETING ANAGEMENT

What does it mean?

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he term market is from the Latin word “Marcatus”, the meaning of the area or the place where business is occurring. Most of the people say that “Marketing is just selling and advertising”. It‟s true but the reality is they are only a part of it and it is much more than advertising and selling. According to the American Marketing Association “ Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offering that have value for customers, clients, partners and society at large”. William D. Perrealult and E. Jerome McCarthy say that “marketing is the performance of activities that seek to accomplish an organization‟s objectives by anticipating customer or client needs and directing the flow of need satisfying goods and services from producer to customer or client”. Creating, promoting and delivering goods and services to consumers and businesses are normally seen as the task of marketing. Marketing people are involved in marketing 10 types of entities; they are goods, services, experiences, events, persons, places, properties, organizations, information and idea. There are core concepts for marketing that can be used to further understand about the marketing. Namely they are called as ;     

Needs, wants and demand Product or offering value and satisfaction Exchange and Transaction Marketing and marketing management

A successful marketer should try to understand the target. That means the needs, wants and demand. The examples for basic requirements for a human are food, air, water, clothing, etc. Those needs become wants when they are directed to specific objects that may satisfy the need.

of ideas, goods, services to create exchanges the organizational goals. For a particular company there should be a well confined supply chain connecting from raw materials to the customer providing services for the consumers. Every company gathers only a percentage of the total value generated by the supply chain. When this system is occurring the competition from other substitutions or the products is appearing and the company tries to gather the higher percentage of supply chain value.

Competition Demand is a want for some specific products backed by an ability to pay. A product is any offering which can fulfill a need or want with 10 basic offerings mentioned earlier. Satisfaction of the target buyer with the delivers value will be control the market for such a product. There are at least 5 conditions must be satisfied for exchange, 1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

There should be at least two parties. Each party has something value for the other party. Capability of communication and delivery. Each party is free to accept or reject the offer. Each party believes it is appropriate to deal with other party.

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rand competition, Industry competition, form competition, generic competitions are major considered when discussing about the competition of the marketing. A company sees other companies which offer similar products and services to the same customer at same price. In the broad view of competition is seeing about the all companies producing the same group of goods or the services to the buyers. Only considering about the competitors that compete with the particular company the offering products, goods or the services can be valuable or at the end it is profitable. The major aim is to be the company which very closer to the customers which supplying the productions more than the other competitors. Viewing through the fundamentals of the management will provide organizational point of view to win the competition or gain the target with a greater competition.

Also the Transaction involves with several factors such as: at least two things of value, agreed upon conditions, a time of agreement, and a place of agreement. Marketing and marketing management is involve with the process of planning, execution, pricing, promotion and distribution

Apple is the company, world famous for providing many services

and goods to the whole world. Though there are many companies providing same things even today the best market is for such things is Apple company. What is the secret for this? Day by day they are produce new things with newest technology and the best services for the end customers providing lifestyle easy. All the other companies providing those things are put in to the competition which is made by the Apples. This is the way of competition and winning it. The marketing environment consists of the task environment and the broad environment also called the micro environment and the macro environment. Micro environment includes the closer environment to the company which is related with producing, distributing and promoting the offering. But the broad or the macro environment consider about six components named, demographic environment, economic environment, natural environment,

mix. product, place, price, promotion are the key concepts of marketing mix which leads to the target market. Mix concept is said to be a better concept studying about the marketing management because all the areas relating marketing are described in the categorical view for easy way to understand to gain the expected market.

What Will Management Do?

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ust starting a company is not a profit and starting many problems with the time it is starting. One of the most

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The set of the marketing tools that the firm uses to drive its marketing strength in the target market is called as the marketing

Not Hard, Try It Up…….

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sensible schemes for thinking about organizational value creation defines three processes for which marketing should provide the leadership. This includes innovation management, customer relationship management and supply chain management. To implement this new point of view and to define a role for marketing management offer the following guidelines,

technological environment, political-legal environment and social–cultural environment. According to the little variations of these environments, there should be timely adjustment to the marketing strategies.

A new view of marketing management in the firm must start with the focus on customer value, conceiving marketing management as the process of defining, developing and delivering customer value. It must also recognize that marketing management is simultaneously strategy, culture and tactics. And it must think of marketing management as organizational processes and capabilities for linking customers with the organization. Marketing must be an expert on the customer providing and interpreting information about customers into all of the processes involved in defining, developing and delivering value to those customers.

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Think of marketing as a management competence based on consumer information and its integration into business Strengthen market research as the study of customers, not transaction Develop organizational relationships to link marketing to crossfunctional business process Link marketing actions and market response to cash flow consequences, not just sale results

ost of the current work on marketing such gain together concepts of strategy and organization. In this point however the impact on the practice of marketing management remains unclear. A fundamental problem is finding a distinction between marketing and all the other functions of the business that are also involved in developing and delivering value to customers. By using the process of marketing management it is possible to upgrade the position of the company with revenue and profit. It may take long time and by using a little change in key areas can flow through the entire process and produce the huge result. At the conclusion of this whole article is, first identify the aim and then follow the suitable process. And finally come across with the greater outcome with a best quality. Not hard, try it up…….

Human Resource Management ARE YOU SATISFIED WITH YOUR

Do you know how many business organizations are surviving all over the world? According to the past records about 300 million of people are trying to start a new business (Nearly 150 million business organizations) per year, but about one third of the above figure is surviving and remaining two third are losing their businesses.

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WORKING CREW?

precedence over all others. Be inflexible. Look to someone else do to thinking your organization.

There are several reasons for the failure of a particular business organization. We can list out some of them as follows.  

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Quit taking risks. Rely totally on experts and research to make decision for your organization. Always ask yourself, what would founder have done? Concentrate on your competitor instead of your customer. Administrative concerns take

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Planning Recruiting Selecting Training and Developing Retaining

Above functions are correlated with each other‟s and those are

According to above facts to run a proper business we should have an ideal team with us. Team means the man power. That implies we have to handle man power with proper direction. In this case a business organization needs a human resource manager.

Why people lose their business?

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directly help to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the business organization. Therefore HR manager should

Functions of human resource management A business organization needs a human resource manager to clarify the all the issues regarding the employees of a particular business organization. Simply the function of the human resource manager is providing smooth working conditions for the employees of the organization. Human resource management involves with following cyclic steps.

recruit an ideal team for the organization. If we lose team spirit definitely the organization will collapse. Therefore recruitment and selection are most important functions in human resource management.

Recruitment and Selection

The main purpose of recruitment and selection process is “Right person should be in the right place at the right time”.

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Medical examination Final selection Job offer interview

According to Byers and Rue recruitment is define as “the process of seeking and attracting a pool of people from which qualified candidates for job vacancies can be chosen”. In modern world technology is at a peak level. Technology plays a vital role in recruitment process also. Most of organizations are receiving their applications through the e mail. So after that those applications are sent to software for a filtration which was done based on certain criteria which the organization wanted. We can reduce cost, reduce the time being spent on filtering manually, and reduce the manpower needed by this method.

Selection is the process of choosing the most suitable applicant or candidate for a job from among the available applicants. Currently selection process is done by following way      

Application screening and short listing Presentation of data in a tabulated form Preliminary interview Employment test Diagnostic interview Reference checking

Are we satisfied with the selected employees? Can’t we develop the existing procedure?

As mentioned earlier in this article most of the organization are been closed due to incorrect selection of candidates. We have come with a suggestion to overcome those issues. We can improve the existing selection process by adding and removing some steps. Before having the job offer interview we can incorporate the selected few candidates to the working environment of the organization and we can observe them without their knowledge so as an interviewer we can have a rough idea of that persons attitude, his character, how he is working with a crew, and so on and so forth. So after that we can at least select the right person in the right place at the right time that the earlier procedure.

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Biomedical

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Building and construction

Management

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Energy

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IT and Communications

Impact to the Industries

we all know, Microsoft is one of the best technology Manegement company in the world. Microsoft had given several technologies to allow companies to manage their Windows computers. Some of these technologies are built into the operating system, while others deliver more extensive services as separate applications.

Technological

Technology manegement defined as “The ultimate battleground that will determine which companies and owners will be the winners and losers in the wealth creation game” by Norma Harrison and Danny Samson, 2002.So technology Manegement is concerned with the decision problems, at all levels of business related to the creation and utilization of technological assets, capabilities and their impact on organizations and nations to provide the competitive edge.

Aspects of managing a Windows

Many companies have various products that are patched together to provide solutions that have high overhead costs to maintain. Microsoft has developed several solutions that help lower the overall cost of owning and maintaining technology that can effectively replace the existing patchwork and automate the management of computer systems.

The role of the technology management function in an organization is understand the value of certain technology for the organization. Continuous development of technology is valuable as long as there is a value for the customer and therefore the technology management function in an organization should be able

Industries should understand how technology is acquired is that environment are, 

technology is not just a physical thing but also contain knowledge embedded in hardware and software. The take over of technological capability is therefore not a one-off process but a cumulative one in which learning is derived from the development and use of technology.

ability to deploy new applications

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application updates and upgrades

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fixes to the operating system

Distributing new or updated software can be a time-consuming event for any size organization. Moreover, an organization without a specific management strategy for distributing software translates

to argue when to invest on technology development and when to withdraw.

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echnology Management can also be defined as the integrated planning, design, optimization, operation and control of technological products, processes and services, a better definition would be the management of the use of technology for human advantage

Technology can play several roles in business.

Technology is expand to various fields in the world.Such as, 

Agriculture

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loss of time

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resources

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revenue

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Managers make more informed decisions when the various metrics of business can be tracked and reported on in more meaningful ways.

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Businesses can use the Internet to broaden their markets and reach new

customers. Of course the Internet also means increased competition. 

Technology based information security and integrity is a significant different over padlocks on filing cabinets. Digitized information improves our ability to preserve and

protect data, but also creates new vulnerabilities that must be addressed 

Productivity increases when data processing tasks can be automated. This allows businesses to server more customers with fewer resources.

So if Industries in the world need to give good product or service, they need a better understanding of technology manegement.That is why companies like Microsoft,Apple,3M,Lamborghini.Toy ota etc: are most successful because they know how to Manege their own technology.