Implementing a Monitoring system for the Waste Management Center Bayawan City, Philippines. International Conference on Solid Waste 2011”Moving Towards Sustainable Resource Management” Jouke D. Boorsma Rene G. Gaudiel Johannes G. Paul
Introduction Bayawan City in Negros Oriental responded to the challenge of the new Philippine waste management law and developed a 10-year Solid Waste Management (SWM) plan as guiding framework already in the year 2003. To upgrade the local SWM system, a Waste Management Center (WMC) which includes a material recovery facility, a composting plant and a landfill with leachate collection and wetland for leachate treatment were conLandfill Land Landfi andfillll operation oper op operati eration erati era on n Ap il 2010. 2010. Additionally, Add Ad di ion dition onall on allyy, all y, a sludge slud slud ludgge treatment treatm ment facility facil facil ci ity with cility with th an structed and launched in April Anaero Ana erobic bic Baffled Baffled Reactor React Re actor act or (ABR) (ABR) was integrated. iinteg nteg egra ratted ed. d Thee latter la latt tter tte ter serves s Anaerobic to receive and treat the septag sep tag agee of of around arou ound ou nd 5,000 5 0000 septic septic tanks se tanks k from the urban u urb urban center of Bayawan City. C City. y With the new septage facili fac fa ility, ty, the the municipality muni unicip cip ipali alityy not no only complies no com om mpli plies with legal requirements, but offers by far far a enenfacility, hanced ha ed municipal munic mu icip ipa pall services serv serv rvvic ices which whic ich h provide provide prov rovvid ide de the d t e needed th need eded ed environmental enviro env iroonmenta nm nta nme ntall protection pro ecttion measures prot m meeas asures asu res hanced lik lik ikewi ew se. Hence, Hence Hen , Bayawan Bayaawan City City demonstrates dem d emonstratess how hoow SWM SSW WM services WM es can be be implemented im imple pleemented effiffi likewise. ciently cientl tly even evve ven en within wiith thi hin n the thee context c ntex con textt of of a developing d vel de v oping country ve cou untry ntry to ntr to comply comp comp plyy with w h common wit com com omm mmon on st standards ciently in water, water, r soil s il so i and a d air a r protection. ai p tec prot ect ction io . in
Materials M ateriials an and dM Methods ethods eth od ods Waste W aste characterisatio characterisation t n data data ar are re h hardly ardly ard ly ava availa available ilabl bl in the ble the n needed eeded eed ed d det detail ai an ail and d qquality u ityy in th ual the he P Philhiliippine ppine setting due to lack off knowledge knowle wledge dge and and funding. funding fund und nding. This This makes makes it it more moore difficult mor diffic diffic ifficult ult u ltt to plan pl p an a aand nd implement SWM systems. In the year 2009 the the municipality munici mun iciipal palit lity t of Bayawan Ba B Bayaw yawan yaw a City Ci conducted the d ucted a waste characterisation survey based on a 3 day event. Additionally, data from f h newly n ewly installed weighbridge became available. In the Philippines, monitoring of surface, ground within gro ound and wastewater wastewaater t is regulated w ithin administrative admini nistr strati ative ve orders. o ers ord ers. However, Howe owever v , the the law aw doess not doe not prescribe presc pre scribe ibe parameters param paramete ters rs for environenvir en vironmental monitoring m monitoring for waste t disposal dispo posal sites. Therefore, a set of basic parameters was proposed and tested for the Bayawan Bayaw awan a City Waste Management Waste Was Manage Manage Man agem ment Center. men C Cent ent enter nter. err The Th chosen cho hosen parameters can be analysed locally and are listed in Table 2. Figure 1 shows the water monitoring set up at the Bayawan Waste Waste water treatment Managment Center.
1st level monitoring. Field test parameters and simple to measure laboratory analyis
No further action
Trigggger levels off att lea Trigger T least st five parameters are getting confirmed
Monitoring data mostly within reference levels
Tab Table ble le 1. Overview of the generated waste together with the received waste at the Bayawan Cityy Waste Ci W Management Center Type T ype of Waste W
Biodegradable B iodegradable Recyclable R ecyclable3 Residual R esidual id l4 Total Tot T otal otal ot
Total T generated (2010)1 Kg/day 1,6050.4 480.3 66,835.4 6,83 835.4 23,366.1 23 23,366 366.1 66 1
Composition of generated waste % 69 2 29 100
Total T collected (2010)2 Kg/day 2,534.8 37.1 1,773.2 4,345.2 4,345.2 5.2
Composition of % 58 1 41 100
Collection rate % 16 8 26 19
1. Based Based on waste characterisation ion performed peerforme per for d in 2009. 2. Based on weighbridge form weighb ighbridge ghbridge ri data dat produced d produce oduced duced in the period p iod d June’10 Jun unee’10 1 cardboard, dry paper, wastee until ntill JJan’11 an’11 3. Consists of plastic bottles, scrap metal, cardboa dboarrd, d d ry p pap pa er, r canss and gla gglass glas lass bottles. bottles tle 4. IIncludes ncludes nclud es special speciall wast wa
Discussion Discus Dis cussi sion Due to thee newly n new ewlyy installed inst n allled d weighbridge, weighb wei ighbrid ridge, idge, e waste wast ste streams can now be monitored m nittore mo ored red more more orre ac aaccurate c ate than cur before. This enables enaable bless to to delineate deliineate waste w te characterisawas h tion tio n data data for foor the the received reccei receiv e ed wastes, which eiv whic h h signifihi sign ign g ifiifi ficantly can tly assists assis as s tss to to increase incrrea inc re knowledge rease knowle kno wledge wle dge of local local waste lo compos com p ition pos itiion.T T ble Tabl Tab le 1 presents the waste gen genera erated d composition.Table generated wit ithin hin the hi the collection coll coll ollect ection ect ction on area area and d received reecei ce ved by the the waste waste wast ast se within manage man age g men mentt cent ccenter. enter. er. management F wa For ter monitoring mo monit nitori oring ng at the Waste Wa Management Manag Ma nageme ement nt water Weighbridge reading C Cen ter, a special set of parameters was chosen, subCenter, d iivid ided into 1st and 2nd level monitoring. Initially, only 1st level monitoring is performed. Based ed divided oon n the t outcome, 2nd level monitoring can be in th niti tiate at d. The mon m itoring set up is giv given in figure figure 2. 2. initiated. monitoring
Upstream River monitoring poi oint point
Downstream River monitoringg Point
Garbage Groundwater
Upstream Reference Well
Figure 1. Set up of the water monitoring at the Bayawan City Waste Management Center
Downstream Reference wells
Landfill perimeter
Conclusions
2nd level monitoring. Laboratory testing Continue nue with 2nd level monitoring leve
Although “monitoring of waste managmenet facilities” is a new task for most Municipalities in the Philippines, this study shows that it is possible to monitor waste streams and water resources with local available means and knowledge. kn weig eighbr hbridg idgee indicate indicat indi catee that thatt the th h First results from the weighbridge munici mun icipal pality lityy n ne eeds d too impro im prove pro ve the their th h ir res id idu d all was waste te col coll llec lectio lectio tion n ssinc incee a la inc large rgerr p rge orti ort tion ion off un collllec col lected td municipality needs improve residual collection since larger portion uncollected w was te is most likelyy still buried or disposed p p y in more distant waste in an uncontrolled manner, especially parts of the municipality. However, diversion of biodegradable biodegra gradable gra ra waste and recyclables already comply with the legal prescriptions with a waste diversion rate of >25 percent.
Table 2. Selected parameters and monitoring le T llevel vell Parameter
Alarm levels confirmed Trigger level of at least five parameters ar getting confirmed Start implement Star rt an and d im ple ent plem contingency con ntinge ngency ng ncyy and n an n mitigation measures mit tigati ti gation on m eas res easu
F Fig Figu Figure iggure ure 22.. Fl ur F Flow loow w ccha chart h rt off the th h water waate terr mo monit monitoring nitori nit orring ing ng sys system tem te em att th em thee Bay ayawa awa aw wan C w ity tyy Wa W aste tee Manag M Ma nageme nag ageme ment me nt and nd d Ec E colo o ogy gyy Cen Center Center ter Bayawan City Waste Management Ecology
References Ref Re R e ereence cees König Kön nig ig A. A 200 2008. 0008. 8. Ear Earlyy War Early Ea Wa Warning arnin nin ning ng Moni M Monitoring on tor oni toooring in ffo forr W Water ate teer Cont C Contaminations o ami on ont mina inat nation ionss Caus ion C Caused aused aus ed d byy L Lea cha ch h te Dis D Di ccha harrge ge g s from from om Solid Solid lid Waste Wa Waste ste Management M nag Ma nageme em m nt Facilities. Facil Fac acili ilitie il tiees. AHT/GTZ AHT HT/GT /G Z Leachate Discharges P Phi lip ppin pines iness Philippines
TSS T o ha otal rdness Total hardness Nitrate Turbi urbidity dity Turbidity Copper Chloride Chloride Animal/vegAnimal/vegetab Fat etab etable Alk Alka A lkalinity Alkalinity
Level 1st √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Parameter 2nd Sulphate Potassium Nitrite pH T empe p rature Temperature Cond nducti nd uc vity ucti v Conductivity Dissolve Diss olvedd Dissolved oxygen NH3
Level 1st √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Parameter 2nd
√
For mo For m more re inf re information, nform nform rm mati ation, at tion, on pleas pl p please lea eas aase ccont ase contact: oont on n ntact acct: CENRO-UEM C CEN RO ROO UE UEM E offi office fficcee Ground floor, hall G Gr Gro und flo und oor, orrr,, So SSocial h all 6221 622 1 Bayawan Baya yaawa wan City, y Philippines y, Ph hiliip ppiines Tel/fax: +63(0)354300187 Te Tel T e /fa /fax: x: +63(0 +6 3(0)35 3(0 )35543000187 )35430 018 18 87 Email:
[email protected] Email: Ema oukedo oukedo ouk edouw uwe uwe.bo wee.bo boor orrsma@ oors ma giz gi .de d de Website: www.swm4lgus.net www.bayawancity.gov.ph W We Web siite: sit e:: www ww ww.sw w.sw swm4lgus swm4l gu us.net u .ne neet aand nd d www w ww w.ba bayaw yaw aw wanc an ancity ncity ity.go ty.go gov.p ov.p ph
Level L vel Le 1st
Cadmium BOD5 Lead Nickel Chromium (VI) COD Cyan y ide Cyanide
2nd √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Zinc
√
