In my talk today, I want to share with you some images

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Uncanny New Sciences: Visions of the. Transhuman Body. .... The Uncanny Valley hypothesis, developed by Masahiro Mori (himself a robo cist), holds that ...
Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

In  my  talk  today,  I  want  to  share  with  you  some  images  -­‐  and  some  thoughts  -­‐  about  a   changing  human  body  as  it  arises  from  emergent  new  sciences  and  technologies.  I   want  to  demonstrate  how  these  New  Sciences  produce  visions  of  a  future  humanity   and,  by  fuelling  an  age-­‐old  fantasy  of  human  superiority,  aesthe>cally  prepare  for  a   profound  altera>on  of  the  very  idea  of  “the  human”.  On  this  background  I  am  mainly   interested  in  nascent  future  designs  of  the  human  body  –  an  area  that  may  as  well   develop  into  a  new  design  discipline,  maybe  as  the  study  of  biocyberne>c  design.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Modifica>on  of  the  human  body  is  possibly  as  old  as  humanity  itself:  mythology  and   religion,  tribal  tradi>ons,  cultural  art  and  an  ever-­‐pervasive  beauty  culture  are  full  of   splendid  examples.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

49  Cosme>c  Surgeries.  www.cindyjackson.com.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

What  is  different  between  the  ancient  dream  of  bodily  modifica>on  and  the  promises   of  the  New  Sciences  is  the  prospect  to  alter  the  very  no>on  of  what  it  means  to  be   human  –  and  such  not  only  conceptually  but  also  materially.  This  involves  the   remodelling  not  only  of  the  human  blueprint  and  an  altera>on  of  all  biological   processes,  but  also  a  reinven>on  of  human  ma\er  itself,  the  substrate  of  the  body   and  of  all  human  life.      

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

It  is  the  amalgama>on  of  various  emergent  technologies  of  the  New  Sciences,  which   is  thought  to  bring  about  these  changes:  a  merging  of  nano-­‐engineering,   biotechnology,  robo>cs,  informa>on  technology  and  cogni>ve  sciences.  While   several  heralded  technologies  of  the  New  Sciences  are  yet  rather  specula>ve,  once   realised  they  would  give  full  access  to  all  building  blocks  and  genera>ve  processes  of   the  body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

For  some  proponents  of  the  New  Sciences,  especially  the  movement  of  the  extropists   and  transhumanists,  the  aims  of  such  superbiology  is  not  merely  to  cure  disease,   repair  human  defects  and  to  enhance  exis>ng  capabili>es,  but  to  create  ground  up   en>rely  novel  human  systems  that  might  be  living,  semi-­‐living,  embodied  or   distributed  across  various  networked  components.  According  to  transhumanists,   such  new  and  greatly  enhanced  human  systems  would  be  personalised  to  individual   needs  and  desires,  changeable  alongside  shi`ing  environmental  reali>es,  …    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

…and  in  any  case  much  superior  in  human  capability  than  we  are  today.     (image:  Nick  Bostrom)  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

There  is  no  lack  of  hopes,  visions  and  promises  of  the  New  Sciences:  Remaking  the   human,  co-­‐crea>ng  a  new  humanity,  and  custom-­‐manufacturing  away  your  individual   gene>c  flaws.  This  is  all  happening  right  now.     (image:  University  of  Bri>sh  Columbia,  Centre  for  Molecular  Medicine  and   Therapeu>cs,  5-­‐part  lecture  series,  January  2010)  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

  (image:  35th  Anniversary  IIIHS  Interna>onal  Conference,  July  2-­‐11,  2010  “to  celebrate   once  again  the  unfolding  drama  of  a  Crea>ve  and  Evolu>onary  Consciousness  within   the  human  psyche  and  all  living  beings”.  The  Interna>onal  Ins>tute  of  Integral  Human   Sciences  &  The  Spiritual  Science  Fellowship)  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

“Symbio>cA  is  an  ar>s>c  laboratory  dedicated  to  the  research,  learning,  cri>que  and   hands-­‐on  engagement  with  the  life  sciences”  at  the  University  of  Western  Australia.   The  2010  symposium  brochure  states:       “The  body  is  increasingly  being  transformed  into  commodity  and  media,  put  on   display,  fragmented,  manipulated,  preserved  and  rearranged.  Scien;sts,  ar;sts,   lawyers,  historians  and  social  scien;sts  will  come  together  to  trace  the  radical  shi=s  in   our  understanding  of  the  body  –  and  life  itself  –  and  inves;gate  how  these  emergent   reali;es  influence  our  no;on  of  being  human  while  simultaneously  challenging  the   rela;onship  to  the  ‘Other’  that  is  living  or  semi-­‐living.”       The  body  is  no  longer  perceived  strictly  as  a  unified  whole  let  alone  as  solely  human,   and  bodies  and  parts  of  bodies  are  being  traded  and  manipulated  as  part  of  the   global  economy.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

My  ques>on  is:  “What  will  these  new  humans  look  like?”    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Likely,  superbiology  does  not  create  that  class  of  cyborgs  portrayed  in  popular  sci-­‐fi   or  fantasy  imagery  such  as  Joachim  Luedke’s  coverart  here.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Unlikely,  superbiology  would  afford  the  flaws  of  a  Michael  Jackson’s  vanity  surgeries.     (Michael  Jackson  (1958-­‐2009),  history  of  a  face.)      

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

And,  even  less  likely,  superbiology  would  exhibit  much  of  the  mechanics  of  its   interven>ons  as  here  in  Lucy  &  Bart’s  vision  of  a  Lowtech  Plas>c  Surgery.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

We  do  have  a  number  of  design  sketches  and  conceptual  drawings  of  the  future   body:  here  the  full-­‐body  design  of  the  Primo  Posthuman  by  Natasha  Vita-­‐More,  a   core  member  of  the  Transhumanist  movement  and  a  founding  member  of  the  more   radical  Extropists.  Vita-­‐More’s  main  interests  lie  with  the  conceptual  and  visual   design  of  a  future  humanity  –  though  we  have  very  li\le  concrete  examples  beyond   the  Primo  Posthuman.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

More  common  are  pseudo-­‐scien>fic  illustra>ons  of  the  enhanced  body  through   prostheses  and  other  enabling  devices.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Most  of  this  class  of  prostheses  is  augmen>ve  –  they  are  not  merely  therapeu>c  but   add  an  array  of  typically  non-­‐natural  features  to  the  body  thus  enabling  new   capabili>es  and  novel  experiences.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Compared  to  a  rigorous  deployment  of  the  New  Sciences,  prostheses  appear  clean   and  in  many  ways  comfor>ng.  Maybe  less  so  the  wet  and  messy  processes  of   biocyberne>cs,  which  enables  to  grow  human  ma\er  in  bits  and  pieces.  These   processes,  while  sugges>ve  of  natural  organic  processes,  appear  uncanny  for  they  are   removed  from  their  normal  >meframes  and  their  rela>onship  to  a  holis>c  human   organism.  How  will  these  separately  grown  wetware  pieces  interface  with  each  other   to  form  a  human  organism  that  we  can  recognize  and  iden>fy  with?    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Will  these  organisms  from  the  bio-­‐lab  look  like  Jason  Hopkins’  body  sculptures?  For   biocyberne>c  creatures,  there  might  be  no  need  to  confirm  to  a  tradi>onal  human   form,  or  any  form  at  all  for  that  ma\er.      

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Even  the  renown  performance  ar>st  and  pioneer  of  bodily  modifica>on,  Stelarc,  in   many  ways,  failed  to  demonstrate  a  purposeful  alterna>ve  to  the  tradi>onal  human   body;  a  body  that  he  considers  to  be  obsolete.  Stelarc’s  bodily  performances  and   crea>ons,  while  opening  new  conceptual  spaces,  nevertheless  do  li\le  to  produce   plausible  models  of  a  future  human.         And  indeed,  the  problem  of  plausibility,  acceptability  or  familiarity  of  alterna>ve   designs  of  the  human  body  appears  to  be  rather  profound.  The  real  challenge  of   designing  ar>ficial  human  systems  may  lie  exactly  with  their  ar>ficiality  –   aesthe>cally  as  well  as  materially.  It  appears  to  me  that  solving  the  technological   problems  of  the  New  Sciences  may  provide  the  least  challenge;  real  challenges  are   with  their  psychological  acceptance  and  their  socio-­‐cultural  integra>on  into  society.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

The  robo>cist  Hiroshi  Ishiguro  at  the  University  of  Osaka  created  a  series  of  robots   that  are  an  exact  double  of  real  people.  Here,  it  is  a  robot  in  Ishiguro’s  own  likeness.   While  facial  features  are  iden>cal,  perceived  likeness  is  not.  In  this  image,  we  can   clearly  iden>fy  the  robot  and  the  human  being.      

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

And  how  about  in  these  images?    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

“Many  people  say  they  find  such  imagery  eerie,  creepy,  scary,  freaky,  frightening.   One  explana>on  for  such  visceral  reac>on  is  that  our  sense  of  familiarity  with  robots   increases  as  they  become  more  humanlike  -­‐-­‐  but  only  up  to  a  point.  If  lifelike   appearance  is  approached  but  not  aEained,  our  reac>on  shi`s  from  empathy  to   revulsion.”  (Erico  Guizzo,  2010)       (image:  Geminoid  F.  Photo:  Osaka  University)  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

The  Uncanny  Valley  hypothesis,  developed  by  Masahiro  Mori  (himself  a  robo>cist),   holds  that  anthropomorphism  in  non-­‐human  creatures  has  a  ‘breaking-­‐point’  where  a   high  human  likeness  tends  to  cause  an  emo>onal  rejec>on  of  the  creature,  an   iden>fica>on  of  that  creature  as  “Other”.  The  graph  here  charts  human-­‐like  creatures   along  the  axes  of  human  likeness  and  a  sense  of  familiarity.  The  more  human-­‐like  a   creature  is,  the  more  familiar  it  appears  to  us.  However,  in  even  MORE  human-­‐like   creatures,  their  non-­‐human  characteris>cs  seem  to  frustrate  our  sense  of  familiarity,   and  the  creature  appears  uncanny.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Freud  once  said  that  what  is  fearful  is  “everything  uncanny  that  ought  to  have   remained  hidden  yet  comes  to  life”.  In  this  transgender  study,  a  “normal”  teen  is   compared  with  a  transgender  woman  based  on  physical  similari>es.  The  image  quite   clearly  suggests  that  it  is  the  teen  who  is  “normal”  and  the  transwoman  who  is  an   imita>on,  a  diversion  from  the  real  and  familiar.     If  I  were  to  extrapolate  the  same  effect  on  the  enhanced  transhuman  body,  the   ques>on  of  iden>ty  only  becomes  more  pressing:  Am  I  the  basic  organic  self  that  I   used  to  be  or  the  enhanced  en>ty  that  I  just  became?      

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

In  the  famous  Brain  in  the  Vat  thought  experiment,  it  is  unclear  “who  is  the  who”.  Is   the  brain,  the  simula>on  or  the  percep>on  by  the  self  of  the  associated  persona?  Is   there,  once  consciousness  and  body  are  separated,  a  self,  a  persona  at  all?  The   material  change  of  the  body  is  likely  to  have  a  significant  impact  on  a  self-­‐recogni>on   as  “me”.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

In  New  Science  crea>ons,  the  uncanny  valley  locates  at  the  threshold  between   Science  Fic>on  and  Science  Fact.  The  more  “real”  –  the  more  scien>fic  –  science   fic>on  becomes,  the  greater  the  sense  of  uncanniness  of  its  crea>ons.  (e.g.  compare   Frankenstein  with  the  Replicants  in  Blade  Runner).     Yet,  ….    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

…there  is  an  equal  chance  that  the  New  Sciences  will  produce  human  bodies,  which   locate  at  the  bo\om  line  of  the  uncanny  valley.  At  least  at  the  moment  it  might  be   difficult  to  predict  whether  and  how  the  gap  in  human  expression  between  ar>ficial   creatures  and  natural  persons  may  close.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Science  fact  allows  changing  gender  –  a  transfer  of  gender-­‐based  bodily  appearance,   func>ons,  and  behavioural  a\ributes.  Nevertheless,  we  not  always  recognise  the   transgender  body  to  locate  at  a  wholesome  end  of  the  transi>on.  At  >mes,  the   transgender  body  appears  unresolved,  unusual,  o`en  agonised,  maybe  fraught  –  and   usually  uncanny.     What  is  it  that  is  so  troublesome  with  this  photo?  Is  it  the  sight  of  an  undernourished   body?  Or  the  discrepancy  of  perfectly  moulded  breasts  on  a  frail  torso?  The  richness   of  gender  characteris>cs  compared  to  an  impoverished  framework?  The  mismatch   between  male  and  female  propor>ons?         The  bodily  altera>ons  resul>ng  from  the  sex  change  do  not  seem  to  aesthe>cally   agree  with  the  body  that  carry  them.  The  body’s  individual  regions  appear  familiar   and  yet  the  overall  appearance  of  this  body  remains  inaccessible  and  unfamiliar.      

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

The  pregnant  man  here  is  Thomas  Bea>e,  who  famously  underwent  sex  change  from   woman  to  man  resul>ng  in  a  body  equipped  with  both  a  fully  func>onal  womb  and   produc>ve  male  genitals.  As  a  man,  he  gave  birth  to  three  children.  A`er  his  10-­‐year   marriage  broke  up,  he  now  tries  for  another  baby  with  his  new  partner,  Amber   Nicolas.  He  says:  “It  is  even  -­‐possible  we  could  both  be  pregnant  at  the  same  >me.   Amber  suggested  we  both  try  to  get  pregnant  and  -­‐whoever  gets  there  first  goes   through  with  it.”  (Bea>e,  Sept  2012)  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

In  2007,  the  technology  enthusiast  Kevin  Kelly  declared  that  “humans  are  the  sex   organs  of  technology”.  His  main  argument  goes  that  technology  is  an  autonomous   force  that  causes  humans  to  make  more  technology  –  and  in  this  way  procreates  its   own  “species”.  Kelly  reckons  that  once  technology  has  learned  to  procreate  all  by   itself  without  human  media>on,  the  human  race  would  not  be  required  anymore.   With  technology  systems  becoming  smarter  and  ul>mately  exceeding  highest  human   intelligence  (as  per  the  Singularity  hypothesis),  technology  will  not  be  able  to  help   but  to  get  rid  of  humanity.       With  Kelly’s  ideas  in  the  backdrop,  how  would  we  look  at  this  image  here?   Technology  posing  as  sexy  in  order  to  en>ce  us  to  make  more  (sexy)  technology?  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

In  his  book  “Designer  Evolu>on,  A  Transhumanist  Manifesto”  (2006)  Simon  Young   writes  a  fic>>ous  le\er  to  nature  poin>ng  out  numerous  design  faults  with  the   human  organism.  This  here  is  one  of  my  favourites  [on  screen].       What  would  be  your  sugges>on  for  a  redesign?    

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Others  decry  the  cold  func>onality  of  prostheses  and  muse  about  improved  features   of  replacement  limbs  –  why  not  include  a  GPS  compass,  a  MP3  player,  a  smartphone   or  an  USB  s>ck?      

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Or  how  about  a  handy  toolset  or  Swiss  Army  nails?      

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Designer  Evolu>on  promotes  personalised,  individual  designs  of  one’s  body.  What   about  barefoot  high-­‐heels,  the  latest  fad  for  the  beach?         Definitely,  the  technologies  of  the  New  Sciences  combined  with  the  aspira>ons  of   transhumanists  who  “believe  that  humanity’s  poten>al  is  s>ll  mostly  unrealized”   envision  “possible  scenarios  that  lead  to  wonderful  and  exceedingly  worthwhile   enhanced  human  condi>ons”  (Transhumanist  Manifesto,  Bostrom  et  al,  1998).         Indeed  so  they  are.     (image:  Julie  Rap,  Overstepping)  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Whereas  Julie  Rap’s  high  heels  are  an  ar>st’s  impressions,  other  aesthe>c  addi>ons   to  the  body  are  already  commonplace.  The  LED  eyeshadow,  a  recent  example  of  e-­‐ tex>les,  are  available  in  fashion  shops  in  Japan  and  China.      

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

At  the  moment,  transhumanist  designs  appear  fashionable  and  they  are  indeed   driven  by  an  aesthe>c  avant-­‐garde.  The  difference  between  make-­‐up  (Lady  Gaga)  and   implants  (Vampire  Woman)  may  seem  irrelevant  at  the  moment  –  but  it  is  possibly   this  small  difference  that  will  decide  the  pathway  to  a  future  humanity:  does   transhumanism  merely  exercise  an  aesthe>c  avant-­‐garde  or  prepare  for  a  profound   material  altera>on  of  humanity?    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Avant-­‐garde  aesthe>cs  are  s>ll  familiar,  no  ma\er  how  unusual  they  may  appear  at   first.  We  can  s>ll  connect  to  their  visual  and  cultural  roots.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Will  future  designs  close  the  gap  of  the  Uncanny  Valley  and  will  we  move  closer  to   the  ancient  dream  of  the  superhuman?        

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Or  will  the  uncanny  gap  widen  and  we  move  further  into  non-­‐humanity  –  unhuman   both  as  creators  of  uncanny  creatures  and  as  our  own  crea>ons?    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

The  ar>st  Piccinini  says  about  the  “The  Young  Family”  that  she  is  “interested  in  the   dis>nc>on  between  human  and  animal  characteris>cs:  Not  so  much  her  humanity,   but  the  'animalness'  in  us”.  She  points  out  that  it  would  be  “impossible  to  be   objec>ve  about  these  issues  when  you  are  emo>onally  involved  […].  These  are  not   simple  issues  with  easy  answers:  It  is  one  thing  to  talk  about  an  idea  and  another  to   be  confronted  by  the  emo>onal  reality  of  a  creature,  and  yet  another  to  be  in  need  of   what  that  creature  might  provide.”  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

The  New  Sciences  will  provide  us  with  the  knowhow  and  the  technologies  to  alter   and  to  create  just  any  creature.  Amongst  a  number  of  philosophical,  ethical,   aesthe>c,  and  poli>cal/economic  ques>ons,  we  are  yet  to  figure  out  the  thresholds   between  human  and  non-­‐human,  enhancement  and  deployment,  necessity  and   vanity,  considerate  and  malign  use.     (Angelina  Jolie,  Word1000)  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

And  this  might  be  a  rather  unnerving  undertaking.    

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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Uncanny  New  Sciences:  Visions  of  the   Transhuman  Body.  

Thank  you  for  your  a\en>on.  

Gudrun  Frommherz  (2013)  

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