International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 4 Issue 01,January-2015
Indentification and Mapping of Encroachment at Plot Level for Delhi-Saharanpur Road Housing Scheme of Uttar Pradesh Awas Vikas Parishad, Ghaziabad, India, using Worldview Satellite Data, GIS & GPS Techniques Virendra Kumar1, Kamlesh Bhalavi1 & Anugya2 Remote Sensing Applications Centre-Uttar Pradesh 2 Banasthali Vidyapith, Jaipur, Rajasthan
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Abstract - In India, Cadastre represents a land parcel which
state is now reported around 4937, where the average density of the state is 473 person per sq. km, and there is an increased need of housing in cities. In this context to fulfill the housing need, the role of urban planning agencies is becoming increasingly more complex and extending to a wider range of activities, that’s why urban development authorities are acquiring land for development of colonies. (Gopalan, A.K.S. 2009), fine spatial resolution allows small objects to be seen and mapped, special choice of spectral bands enhances the discriminating ability between the land covers. Over the years satellite based remote sensing data have been successfully utilized for identification, mapping and monitoring of encroachment in conjunction with cadastral maps, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). (Rao & Shekhar, 2000), In India, cadastre is the basic unit to provide plot wise reliable information regarding land holding/land revenue system. But unfortunately these cadastre are often quite old (above thirty years old) and still maintained on paper or cloth. Geo-referencing and overlaying of these cadastre on high resolution data can provide the accurate information on encroachment/unauthorized construction at each and every land holding. The present paper is an endeavor to analyze the plot wise encroachment/built-up area at DelhiSaharanpur Road Housing Scheme of Housing Development Board, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. The digital database generated for the study area would be very useful for urban planners/decision makers for proper land use planning and management.
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reflects the entitlement of land holding , area of the land and landuse of that land parcel. In cities or in alignment of road on goverment/ privite land, encroachment/ unauthorized construction has become a common practice by people in our country. Therefore taking quantative information, like area and extent from these maps may sometimes give enormous information about the land holdings. Most importantly, acquiring the land and making a landuse plan for housing scheme requires the accurate information related to encroachment, keeping in view the objective of providing accurate information on encroachment at plot level, World View satellite’s 50 cm resolution data was used in present study. The study has been carried out in five villages in alignment/both side of Delhi-Saharanpur road housing scheme of Uttar Pradesh Housing Board, Ghaziabad, India. The study area covers 12.50 sq km, where housing scheme is proposed. It has been found that there is a lot of encroachment at various plot, which has been acquired by U.P. Housing Board, Ghaziabad for development of resedential colony.
Key Words- World View Satellite High Resolution Data, Cadastre, Enroachment, GIS And GPS Techniques INTRODUCTION In India, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state. Which is having 724 urban local bodies i.e. Nagar Panchayat / Nagarpalika Parishad / municipal corporations including cantonment board & industrial township and around 2.71 lakhs of villages as per Census of India, 2011, with 19.91 crore of total population. Various cities/ towns of the state have achieved the status of first class towns/ cities in the recent years and 7933 cities are reported in our country accordingly. (Kumar, V. 2012). Due to excessive pressure of population, rapid urbanization took place and as resultant, numbers of colonies has been developed by development authorities. These colonies has been taken up by urban local bodies as a resultant the urban density of the
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OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study is identification and mapping of encroachment/unauthorized construction at proposed housing scheme of Delhi-Saharanpur Road of Awas Vikas Parishad, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India using high resolution remote sensing data cadastral maps,
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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 4 Issue 01,January-2015
Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) Techniques.
STUDY AREA Ghaziabad city is located in Western part of Uttar Pradesh the area lies between latitude 28046’59.06”N to 28050’2.196” N and longitude 770 14’44.513”E to 770 17’28” E. (Fig.1).Which is spread over an area of 12.5 sq km approximately. The city is well connected rail/road transportation system with all parts/ cites of India due to nearest city point with New Delhi, the national capital of India. The study area also comes under national capital Region on Delhi- Saharanpur road. The present study has been taken for five villages (i.e Mandola, Panchlok,Milak,Bamla and Nanu), which are in both sides of delhi-Sarahnpur road near New Delhi.
Figure: 1
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Location Map of Study Area
MATERIALS & DATA USED Guide map of Ghaziabad city on1:20,000 scale. Cadastral map of study area on 1:4,000 scales. Worldview-2 Satellite’s (Pan plus Multispectral merged) 50 cm resolution data acquired in November, 2011. Ground Truth data. Survey of India topographical map sheet no. 53H/5 of Ghaziabad and its environs on 1:25000/1:50000 scales surveyed between 1966-67 and 1972.
SOFTWARE & EQUIPMENT
Arc-GIS 10.1 v. G.P.S-Mobile Mapper Field & Office Software 10.0 v. METHODOLOGY The procedure followed for identification and mapping of encroachment area on 1:1,000 scales and for preparation of digital database using remote sensing and GIS techniques is discussed in brief as under: The Delhi-Saharanpur Road Scheme area acquired by U.P. Awas Vikas Parishad Ghaziabad is mapped in this project
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using remote sensing & Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System-Mobile Mapper Field & Office Software (GPS). This project work is carried out to prepare detailed information for mapping and monitoring the encroachment at plot level of the study area. Cadastral map of the area collected from sponsoring department, it was geo-referenced in conjunction with Worldviews satellite data in GIS environment. After georeferencing of cadastral map, all available/collected maps were corrected and geo-referenced to real earth coordinates and the same projection of Universe Transverse Mercator (UTM) and World Geodetic System 84 (WGS_84) was given to each and every map. Cadastral map were also vectorized and digitized and attributes coding of each and every plots i.e. plot no. has been given. The road/transportnetwork/city major/minor roads/streets, railway line, water bodies, drainage/nala etc. were interpreted as a linear, polygon feature using Arc-GIS software and Worldview 50 cm. resolution data and village names and important locations were shown in base map. After preparation of base map, the cadastral map was overlaid on high resolution satellite data. Encroachment/unauthorized construction existing in plots of study area have been identified and demarcated using high resolution data in GIS domain. The cadastral maps overlaid on rectified data have also been further checked/verified on the ground for conducting field survey for collection of field information related to encroachment. A detailed ground truth verification/field survey has been carried out with the help of single frequency Global Positioning System- Mobile Mapper Field & Office Software (GPS) to know the exact location of unauthorized construction/land use with their actual extent. The individual polygons have been given attributes coding in GIS environment. After field survey of the study area through DGPS, the data collected in field, were converted into tabular format and they have been matched and linked with digitized maps in GIS domain for preparation of final map on 1:4,000/1:2,000 scales. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS To create the digital database for Delhi-Saharanpur Road Scheme of Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Base map at cadastral level was prepared for generating information of each and every plot. High resolution 50cm. imagery of Worldview satellite (Pan plus Multispectral) data and SOI topographical map sheet no. 53H/5 on 1:50,000 scales have been used for identification, mapping of small features and ground truth/G.P.S has also been use for data collection purpose in study area. Base map showing road/transportnetwork, city major/minor roads, railways line, canal/distribution, river, drainage/nala, water bodies were digitized on 1:1,000 scale and the final land use maps has been used for field survey, composed on 1:4,000/1:2000 scale indicating total built up area indicating total built up area including village settlement area of 0.85 Sq Km and the area of power grid calculated as 0.47 Sq Km in GIS domain. In cadastral map, total 3032 plots/land holdings are digitized and attributes coded (Fig-2), out of which small encroached units are identified and mapped in 156 plots. The no of these plots and encroached/built up/
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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 4 Issue 01,January-2015
unauthorized construction area has been shown in Table-1 indicating the land holding no. Fig-3 shows the all small land parcel overlaid on satellite data, which has been encroached by the people in study area. The encroached area in different plot has been calculated in GIS, and it is 231248.27 sq meter approximately. The entire study area is splitted into 6 parts to show the transparency in encroachment at each and every plot. Fig.4 to Fig.9 shows the study area into 6 parts (from 1 to part 6). Fig. 4 represents the part 1, Fig.5 and onwards is representing the study area map continuously from part-2 to 6, on which the cadastral map with plot no. has been overlaid on Worldview satellite’s 50cm spatial resolution data acquired in November, 2011. The land cost for residential/commercial/industrial and for other purposes/ land uses is very high due to coming this area under National Capital Region (NCR) New Delhi.
The author is grateful to U.P Housing Development Board Ghaziabad unit to provide the funds to taken up this study. The authors also acknowledge Sri Arvind Tripathi to assist the staff involved in this project.
REFERENCES
Saini,Alok & Kumar, V.etal (2002), Evaluation of High Resolution IKONOS Data for Updation , Rectification And Mosacing of Cadastral Maps. International Confrence IAPRS &SIS, Vol.34, Part 7.”Resource and Environment Monitoring “Hyderabad India, 2002. Rao, T. Raja & Shekhar, P. Raj, 2000. Land Records Computerization. GIS @development.Vol. IV(4),pp.35-37. Gopalan, A. K. S. (2009), High Resolution Imagery for developmental Planning with spatial references to development.
[email protected] http:/www.GISdevelopmentmet.net/ technology/ rs/ techrsr0014pf.htm. Kumar, V. (2012), Unpublished Technical Report on Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Mapping Encroachment at Plot level for Delhi-Saharanpur Road Scheme of U.P Awas Vikas Parishad, Ghaziabad.” Remote Sensing Applications Centre – Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow. Census of India, 2011.
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Before acquisition of land for residential colony purpose by development authorities, prime agricultural land should be avoided and the culture of vertical city development is needed to fulfill the need of increased housing in urban periphery. Investigation of soil’s building load bearing capacity should be compulsory for all govt. /private construction companies to avoid the manmade disaster like land subsidence. Laws / standards of eco-city planning should be compulsory for all govt. /private builders.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
RECOMMENDATIONS:
GIS with high resolution panchromatic & multispectral data of Quickbird, IKONOS, Worldview, Worldviw-3, Cartosat-1, Cartosat-2 & Geoeye may enable generating parcel level land use/ land cover inventories necessary for future/ sustainable development of land resource and may facilitate monitoring the input of implementation of suggested land use program in urban / rural area.
CONCLUSION
The remotely sensed data, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) has proved an effective tool in plot level rural/urban/cadastral mapping, monitoring and analysis. The spatial extent of various small construction units/encroachment identified and interpreted at plot level for the study area will be useful for planners and decision makers at micro level planning & management. Furthermore, the development of intelligent
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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 4 Issue 01,January-2015 TABLE-1: PLOTWISE ENCROACHMENT/BUILT-UP AREA AT HOUSING SITE OF DELHI SAHARANPUR ROAD SCHEME, AWAS VIKAS PARISHAD GHAZIABAD, UTTAR PRADESH
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Plot No. 47 64 79 93 95 96 101 104 113 117 144 146 115/116/114/150 157 177 181 249 386 425 426/427 440 453 454 456 457 458 459 478 479 490 491 493 499 524 527 604 626 651 665 690 733 745 748 751 754 816 820 864 1011 1177 1197 1378 1406 1408 1411 1415 1426 1427 1428 1438
Area sq.m 1897.859 89.003 17.786 20.942 20.942 11.613 8.156 16.304 17.872 27.246 27.246 209.271 15368.03 24.033 11.223 6.67 86.238 86.238 19.324 1435.482 21.783 11.514 15.448 185.763 153.8 62.425 38.778 9.814 88.848 8.668 9.756 10.564 6.439 10.731 1590.038 15.398 8.867 21.376 18.457 16.913 85.435 14.154 31.63 26.095 63.973 15.971 18.547 72.496 2104.513 11.533 17.494 11.047 131.014 836.91 176.245 178.308 4.496 35.395 229.709 174.456
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127
1440 1443 1452 1473 1474 1475 1476 1479 1483 1488 1490 1491 1515 1548 1551 1582 1587 1592 1680 1722 1733 1734 1736 1780 1782 1804/1803/1799 1795 1796 1800 1822 1824 1830 1881 1910 1914 1919 2116 2287 2350 2354 2359 2365 2394 2397 2404 2463 2481 2492 2497 2501 2503 2537 2541 2558 2559 2576 2613 2614 139/116/115/114 141/142 1799/1803/1795/1804 1806/1810/1809/1819/ 202/203 252/253/254/255/257/258 2581/2580/2579/2584/2582/2583/ 470/494 960/961 Total
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S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
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233.98 19.793 661.097 114.074 178.424 22.961 60.953 12.545 33.91 9.762 16.916 12.843 15.407 18.137 901.542 18.179 13.338 131.741 66.901 32.57 22.982 46.58 252.382 61.79 38.189 4376.956 322.81 134.672 30.75 14.367 13.992 43.841 23.624 11.065 101.275 53.39 89.01 18.456 14.529 13.109 13.03 13.643 265.436 21.267 953.292 16.685 18.15 22.726 159.5 20.093 305.607 1199.323 31.176 148.332 14.556 1229.285 363.769 27.905 6889.612 510.981 4376.955 4954.539 2253.619 10963.785 161240.766 797.116 232.001 231248.27
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Fig.4
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Fig.3
Fig.5
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Fig.7
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Fig.6
Fig.8
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Fig.9
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