Fiddy S. Prasenya1, Ikha Safitri1,2, Ita Widowan2, Eko Windarto1,2, Romain Gasnneau1, Priscilla. Decohgnies3, Michèle Morançais3, Bruno Cognie3, Réjean ...
FP7 BIOVADIA
Marennine allelopathy effect: is it a problem for aquaculture? 1 1,2 2 1,2 1 Fiddy S. Prase-ya , Ikha Safitri , Ita Widowa- , Eko Windarto , Romain Gas-neau , Priscilla 3 3 3 4 1 DecoBgnies , Michèle Morançais , Bruno Cognie , Réjean Tremblay , Jean-‐Luc Mouget
1Université du Maine, Laboratoire Mer -‐ Molécules – Santé, Le Mans, France
2Diponegoro University, Marine Science Department, Semarang, Indonesia 4Ins-tut Science de la Mer, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Canada 3Université de Nantes, Laboratoire Mer -‐ Molécules – Santé, Nantes, France
INTRODUCTION & STUDY OBJECTIVES Ø The pennate diatom Haslea ostrearia is able to synthesize a blue water soluble pigment, marennine, which is responsible for oyster greening phenomenon
MATERIALS & METHODS Ø BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø Ø
Haslea ostrearia (HO) Chaetoceros calcitrans (CC) Skeletonema costatum (SC) Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) Tisochrysis lutea (TL) Tetraselmis suecica (TS)
Ø CULTURE CONDITIONS
H. ostrearia C. gigas with marennine
C. gigas without marennine
Ø Marennine exhibits different biological ac-vi-es, e.g., an-oxidant, an-bacteria and allelopathy
Ø ASW medium Ø 16°C, 100 μmol photon m-‐2 s-‐1, photoperiod 14h/10h L/D
Ø PARAMETERS MEASURED
IMn EMn
Possible allelopathic interac-on?
Ø The aims of this study are: Ø To assess the allelopathic effect of H. ostrearia on microalgae species relevant for aquaculture by co-‐culturing method Ø To assess the sensi-vity of microalgae species on marennine’s exposure and to determine possible diet combina-ons for the aquaculture applica-on
-‐ -‐ -‐ -‐
-‐ Cell biovolume (Hillebrand 1999)
Cell concentraQon Growth rate Percent InhibiQon (I%) Marennine concentraQon (EMn)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
600
H. ostrearia C. calcitrans S. costatum P. tricornutum T. suecica T. lutea
C
200
60 R2 = 0.858
40
20
0
120
2
4
6
8
10
0
12
0
40
B
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
D
100
30
R2 = 0.628
60
40
20
C
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.0
400
1.0
1.5
Small Large
80
60 R2 = 0.746
40
20
0
2.5
3.0
100
80 R2 = 0.693
60
40
0
C. calcitrans S. costatum T. lutea P. tricornutum T. suecica
20
D
B 20
2.0
SA/V
100
80
60
0.5
Cell biovolume (µm3)
100
0
80
A
400
50
Total biovolume (µL)
80
150
200
Small Large
Small Large
Percent inhibition (%)
250
H. ostrearia C. calcitrans S. costatum P. tricornutum T. suecica T. lutea
A
Percent inhibition (%)
Cell density (cell mL-1 x 104)
800
100
Percent inhibition (%)
Ø Growth kine-cs of different species of microalgae Ø Percent inhibi-on (I %) of microalgal cul-vated in batch (A, B) and semi-‐con-nuous (C, D) target species tested mode, expressed as cell concentra-on (A, C) (104 in co-‐culture with cell mL-‐1), and total biomass biovolume (B,D) (µL). HO was significantly correlated with the cell biovolume (A), total surface area (B), surface to volume ra-o (C) and marennine concentra-on (D).
Percent inhibition (%)
100
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.0
400
0.5
1.5
[EMn] (mg L-1)
Total surface area (µm2)
40
1.0
10 20
6
8
10
0
12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2.0
16
Time (days)
Time (days)
Ø Percent growth inhibi-on (I%) in co-‐culture HO+CC and HO+SC were 60% higher compared to HO+PT Ø Highest EMn concentra-on was observed in co-‐ culture of HO+SC Percent inhibition (%)
100
A
a a
80
c
60 b b
40
20
CC+HO
SC+HO
PT+HO
TS+HO
TL+HO
[EMn] (mg L-1)
0
2.0
B a
1.5 a
a,b
Ø Pooled EMn concentra-on in co-‐ culture with HO at different irradiances as a func-on of growth rate (A) and irradiance (B). Ø Cell density (C) and percent inhibi-on (D) as func-on of EMn.
A
1.5 R2 = 0.098
1.0
0.5
C R2 = 0.767
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0 0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.0
0.8
0
2
Growth rate (day-1) 2.0
1.0 b,c
4
6
8
10
Cell density (cell mL-1 x 104) 2.0
B
1.5 R2 = 0.866
1.0
D
20 100 500
1.5
R2 = 0.767
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0 50
c
0.5
0.0
2.0
[EMn] (mg L-1)
4
[EMn] (mg L-1)
2
[EMn] (mg L-1)
0
[EMn] (mg L-1)
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Irradiance (µmol photon m-2 s-1) CC+HO
SC+HO
PT+HO
TS+HO
600
60
70
80
90
100
Percent inhibition (%)
TL+HO
Co-culture species tested
Conclusion Ø H. ostrearia can influence growth of microalgae species relevant for Ø aquaculture through allelopathic interac-ons in co-‐culture system Ø The magnitude of this allelopathic effect is species-‐dependent, S. costatum, C. calcitrans and T. lutea revealed as vulnerable species
A mixture of H. ostrearia and insensi-ve species such as P. tricornutum and T. suecica is recommended to circumvent allelopathic interac-ons between phytoplankton used as feed for animals
