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nvestigating the complexity of ansitioning separation assurance tools NextGen Air Traffic Contr I
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o
prox. NextGe meframe
•
Introduction
UN IVfR$11Y
25%
50%
100%
Current
Near
Mid
Far
Day
Term
Term
Term 2
. "'.,... ';,"'4
.�;. ..�.�".,. Sa n Jose State
UN IVfR$11Y
RESEARCH fOU
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•
•
Separation Assurance Study Goals
•
Project / Study Goals (NASA ASP-ClDP) The i ntroductio n of separatio n assura nce tools & procedures results i n: No reductio n from curre nt levels of safety No i ncrease i n Air Traffic Co ntroller load
•
Function Allocation / Human-Automation Interaction Sub-goals How do ATCs use their tools? How do differe nt combi natio ns of tools affect ATC experie nce/ performa nce? Why did the Moderate co nditio n not follow the tre nd? 3
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.�;. ..�.�".,. Sa n Jose State
UN IVfR$11Y
RESEARCH fOU
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Example of Tools in the Moderate Condition
•
Conflict status list
Conflict time to go
5th line advisory
Altitude fly out menu Lateral trial planning tool Interactive auto
Conflict probe
resolver
Solution sent via Data Comm uplink window
Available from Current Day
Available from Minimum Condition
Newly available
4
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Study Conditions & Variables
Sa n Jose State
UN IVfR$11Y
RESEARCH fOU
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Current Day
Minimum
Moderate
• Maximum
Safe separation
Safe separation
Safe separation
System exceptions
Ground
Conflict detection &
Conflict detection &
Conflict detection &
Conflict detection,
automation's
information
information
resolution
conflict resolutions,
Controllers' res ponsibility
exception alerting
res ponsibility Ground
Conflict probe, conflict
Conflict probe, conflict
Conflict probe,
Conflict probe,
automation:
list, pre-probed fly-out
list, pre-probed fly-out
interactive conflict list,
interactive conflict list,
informational
altitude
altitude menu
pre-probed fly-out
pre-probed fly-out
altitude menu
altitude menu
Time to go in FOB,
Time to go in FOB,
Time to go in FOB,
lateral trial planner
lateral trial planner
lateral trial planner
tools
Ground
interactive auto-
Interactive auto-
automation:
resolver for equipped
resolver (strategic)
decision
aircraft (strategic)
support tools
5th line conflict advisory
Auto-uplinked TSAFE
(tactical)
advisories, auto backon course (tactical)
5
. "'.,... ';,"'4
.�;. ..�.�".,. Sa n Jose State
UN IVfR$11Y
RESEARCH fOU
•
Test Airspace - Cleveland (ZOB) Center
DA1IOr-..
Green Bay CGRB
TOlonlo YYZ c
ZOB Cleveland
.���,
Rochester
C MKE Mitwauk.ee
ROC c
Grand
cGRR
Rapids
c:;;) (0) eJ� g(()) . JHWc1� t;I Jame,(o>Yn� DKK
. D lJ nkjrk
Detroit
DTWc
CORD O'hare
.
��u 0 � I
cMDW Mtdway
·WN WBtervijlle
DZf} B.
Drye
BKL
Burke
o
81!E
� C'eved
c
CxR
Charoon
.ACO Akron
FWA Fort Wayne
�
oBFD BradfDld
�
Lakefroot
.EWC
Ellwood
�(j)
•
HBpN
on
LVZ
Wilkes Barre
·ETG K",,'ing
Teterbor5l
T�Bla Guardia
iJfJfl1l}
C
oLGA
C Newark JFK JFKennedy
EWR
c
PIT Plusbutgh
·ROD
RoseWOOd
c DAY Dayton
c CVG
Cincinnati
cJST
Johnslown
c PHL
c CMH CCllumbus
PhilacJefphla
GHOST
Z0666 125.4 FL330 + Z0614 126.7 FL320 +
c lAD
Dulles
C
DCA
Washington
6
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.�;. ..�.�".,. Sa n Jose State RESEARCH fOU
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•
•
Experimental Design
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Sce narios were approximately 40 mi nutes lo ng Traffic built up gradually (through the first half of the ru n) Traffic i ncluded arrivals, departures a nd overflights Traffic i ncreased i n each future co nditio n to approx. 2 times today's level Proportio n of Data Comm equipage also i ncreased Some natural co nflicts, some built i n
Scenario density (aircraft)
III ... o
•
6 active co ntrollers from various Ce nters
•
1 Supervisor & 5 R-sides
Support staff of 8 retired co ntrollers •
1 Supervisor, 5 D-sides, 2 Ghost co ntrollers
1 day of trai ni ng & 1 day of data collectio n per co nditio n;
6 ru ns per day/ co nditio n
Unequipped
CII
\I)
1500
+--______
....
§
o v
1000
� IV ...
�
C(
IV ....
•
• Equipped
� iV
•
2000 ,...----
{!.
500
1.0
1.2
1.5
0 +----.....-----.--'--, Current Day
Minimum
Moderate
Study Condition
Maximum
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.�;. ..�.�".,. Sa n Jose State RESEARCH fOU
•
Reported Workload
UN IVfR$11Y DA1IOr-..
7
Very h igh
6 "C ca 0
>
.� Q) s::::
-
-
�
; E Q) E
:::i:!io
c. I ntroduced mixed aircraft equipage
L...
�------
(.)
Possibly more complex traffic
10 r----8 +-----6
+-----
4 2 o
Current Day
Min
Mod
Max
Study Condition - Voice
- Data Comm
• Equipped:Equipped • Equipped:Unequipped
Conflicts between aircraft with differen levels of equipage
• Unequipped:Unequipped
11
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RESEARCH fOU
•
Tools Used by Controllers
Sa n Jose State
DA1IOr-..
100
.---��------------------------
"'C OJ III
::::s
OJ "-
OJ
80
3:
III
0 0
....
60
OJ
E
..... ....
0 OJ b.O (tJ
....
c: OJ u
• Current Day
40
• Minimum
20
• Moderate
"-
OJ Q.
• Maximum
o
conflict probe
conflict list
time to go trial planner in FDB
: : I I I
strategic
5th line in
tactical
auto
FDB
auto-uplink
resolver
�
Tools offere
Information tools
I I I I
OST 12
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RESEARCH fOU
•
Controllers' Thoughts About Tools
Sa n Jose State
DA1IOr-..
Tool ranked as "most useful'�
with manual uplink Conflict information 7
Minimum: Conflict list
,------
---
> u
6
[!!
5 +------------'-----------------r----
"0
4 +-------'=--
a �
o
III
+-
�
.....--
...
� 3 QJ
�
+-------
7
,-----
"0
o
�QJ
u I: QJ "'C tj:
1: o u ... QJ
6 1-----=:::;;: " t---: :=-iiiI"� ; :: 5 +----ilII-
4 +-----
0... 3
--
+-
...
2 +------
I:
8 2 +----
I:
1 +-------,---, Current Day
Minimum
Moderate
Maximum
Study condition
...conflict list
..... 5th line/ TSAFE
Accuracy of selected tools
� "'
1 +-----r--�--___, Minimum
Moderate
Maximum
Study condition ...trial planning tool
_strategic advisories
Confidence in selected tools
13
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Developing Strategies Using New Tools
Sa n Jose State
UN IVfR$11Y
RESEARCH fOU
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•
•
Despite reasonable confidence in tools and their accuracy, controllers did not use the Decision Support Element of the new tools
"/ trust
the ability of the system to detect strategic conflicts. i do not always trust the solution or believe that they are in teh best interest of the aircraft."
•
Why? •
More familiar with Current Day information-only tools
•
Have strategies to use Current Day information-only tools
•
Less training time over-all and proportionally for DSTs
14
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Conclusions
Sa n Jose State
UN IVfR$11Y
RESEARCH fOU
DA1IOr-..
•
•
Training •
•
Train strategies specifically as well as use of new tools Introduce tools before the traffic increases
•
Taskload
•
When selecting new toolsets include a focus on (reducing) controller taskload as a criteria •
•
Wait to fully introduce a new tool (as opposed to partial introduction) Increase aircraft equipage relative to the level of controller tools
"There is so much traffic that the minimal time I had to learn the automation made it more of a distraction at times than a help." 15
�...�..." ...
.lo:�. �;. �"'"
•
Sa n Jme State UN IVfR$11Y RESEARCH
Thank You I
[email protected] http://huma nsystems.arc. nasa. gov/groups/AOL/
. "'.,... ';,"'4
.�;. ..�.�".,. Sa n Jose State
UN IVfR$11Y
RESEARCH
fOU N DA1IOr-..
Back Up Slides
•
. "'.,... ';,"'4
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Controllers' Acceptability Ratings
Sa n Jose State
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RESEARCH fOU
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Realistic operations
•
10 9 8 7
V') Q::
c:(
U c:: C'a CU
6 5
�
4 3 2
Not safe
1 Current Day
Minimum
Moderate
Maximum
p
