IoT: 'Machine to Machine' Application A Future Vision

Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT) Volume -2, Issue- 4, Aug. 2015, ISSN: 2394 - 8124 Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected]

IoT: 'Machine to Machine' Application A Future Vision Vijay Laxmi Kalyani, Priya Gaur, Shubhangi Priya Vats Vijay Laxmi Kalyani, Department of Electronics and Communication, Government Women Engineering College, Ajmer, India [email protected] Priya Gaur, Department of Electronics and Communication, Government Women Engineering College, Ajmer, India [email protected] Shubhangi Priya Vats, Department of Electronics and Communication, Government Women Engineering College, Ajmer, India [email protected] Abstract: There is not a single aspect of the human experience that hasn’t been touched by technology. Evolution of technology combines these aspects of technology with modern day uses. In the present scenario, the electronic appliances play a vital role in our day to day lives. There are various technologies like IoT, cloud computing, WSN, RFID, sensors and system on chips which will revolutionize our take on technology. Internet of things (IoT) is a vision, which is heralded as the biggest technological development since the invention of the wheel. IoT refers to the addition of communications and sensing capabilities to a very wide range of physical objects. IoT devices can share data directly using protocols such as Wi‐Fi and Bluetooth, and via mobile phone networks and specialized radio networks, as well as over the global Internet. In this paper, the author is trying to explore the various applications of Internet of Things, Machine 2 Machine in the real world and its future aspects in electronics and communication and other fields to help the mankind to ease out the situations. In hundreds of years our basic needs have not being changed. So what will happen when homes and cities become smart? The result being a plethora of smart devices surrounding us. Taking an example of a smart internet connecting device called echo, a digital assistant that can be set up in our homes and offices which provides various services such as playing a song, the sports score, the weather etc. Keywords- Internet of Things, Machine 2 Machine Applications, Cloud Computing, Devices, Electronics, RFID, Sensors, WSN.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Communication is a process of exchange of information between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs or behavior. One can also express their ideas, thoughts, feelings etc. through a proper communication channel.

this group was totally involved in the field of innovative technologies like radio frequency identification (RFID) and emerging sensing technologies [2]. In 2003, there were approximately 6.3 billion people living on the planet and 500 million devices connected to the Internet. By dividing the number of connected devices by the world population, we find that there was less than one (0.08) device for every person. IoT didn’t yet exist in 2003 because the connected things were relatively small in number [2]. The most number of significant changes that technology has delivered in the last three decades has been in the field of electronics and communication. The internet has always been a living entity .we are seeing evolution from web1.0 (read only web) to web 2.0 (read write web) to web 3.0(semantic web) to web 4.0(symbiotic web). In the coming era of web4.0, human machine and M2M will participate on the internet in symbiosis. To harness this link between internet and things led to an innovative invention called IoT which revolves around M2M communication based on cloud computing and networks of data gathering sensors. The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) industry will mark a new era in the communication domain. The future seems to be very bright. The new fields like the IoT and system on chips (SoC) are going to be the leading areas of studies in the future which can take the human civilization to a great high. I.I. INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) The internet of things (IoT), sometimes referred to as internet of objects, it is about embedded interconnections of various electronic devices. It is a merger of two technologies: wireless connectivity and smart sensors. Along with the recent advances in low power micro controllers, these new things are being connected to the internet easily and inexpensively ushering in a second industrial revolution. Technically, sensors and other electronic devices are integrated so that they connect to the internet through wired or wireless networks.

Basically the things or objects are communicating through wired or wireless networks. e.g. transmission of data from one computer to another, or from one device to another. There is no doubt that the modern electronics as we see it today started from the birth of the vacuum diode of Sir Ambrose Fleming [1]. As with many new concepts, IoT can be traced back to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), from work at the Auto-ID Center. Founded in 1999, All rights reserved © www.jmeit.com

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Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT) Volume -2, Issue- 4, Aug. 2015, ISSN: 2394 - 8124 Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected]

Fig. 3: Encapsulation of IoT element

1. Sensing Nodes Fig 1: IoT connecting everything

It is defined by radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners and other information sensing device. Now considering that IoT represents the next face of the Internet, taking a huge step in its ability to gather, analyze, store and distribute data that can be later transformed into information, intellect and knowledge. Smart connectivity and context-aware compilation using network resources is an irreplaceable part of IoT. However, for successful emergence, the computing references will need to go beyond traditional mobile computing scenarios that use smart phones and portable devices, at the same time evolving into a link between objects and embedding intelligence into our routine. The aim is to combine smart connectivity and context-aware computation. According to Internet of Things can be broadly categorized into three paradigms – 1. Internet-Oriented (Middleware): this term is used to denote the link between distinct applications. 2. Things Oriented (Hardware): ‘This term encompasses all the objects or things which are linked via IoT. This includes connection of sensors or other embedded systems. 3. Semantic-Oriented (Presentation): This term denotes translation of data into interpretable and understandable format. I.I.I. BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE IOT

Depending on the application different types of sensing nodes needed for the IoT. Sensing nodes could include like a camera system for image monitoring; water or gas flow meters for smart energy; radar vision when active safety is needed; RFID readers sensing the presence of an object or person; doors and locks with open/close circuits that indicate a building intrusion; or a simple thermometer measuring temperature. Sensor nodes will all carry a unique ID. Sensor nodes can be controlled separately via a remote and control topology. Use cases exist today in which a smartphone with RFID and/or NFC and GPS functionality can approach individual RFID/NFC-enabled “things” in a building, communicate with them and register their physical locations on the network. Hence, RFID and NFC will have a place in remote registration, and, ultimately, command and control of the IoT. 2. Embedded Processing Node Embedded processing is the heart of the IoT. The hybrid microcontrollers/microprocessors (MCUs/MPUs) or integrated MCU devices can provide the “real-time” embedded processing. Embedded Processing is a key requirement of IoT applications. 3. Wireless Communication Node The communication node is to transfer information gathered by the sensing nodes and processed by local embedded processing nodes to the destinations identified by the local embedded processing nodes. And, once the data is remotely processed and new commands are generated, the communication node brings back the new commands to the local embedded processing nodes to execute a task. Sometimes this could be as simple as sensing a fridge door being left open based on energy use, and after analyzing the data, automatically closing the door via a mechanical mechanism or generating a warning for the homeowners’ “home automation app.” Or, it could be as sophisticated as communication to an autonomous vehicle to avoid an accident [3].

Fig. 2: Building Blocks of the IoT Source: arm.com / freescale.com: Today’s Wireless Landscape

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Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT) Volume -2, Issue- 4, Aug. 2015, ISSN: 2394 - 8124 Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected] engineering and is related to business solutions, whereas I.II. MACHINE TO MACHINE (M2M) IoT is used more in consumer electronics markets. Machine to Machine is a technologies which allow both wireless and wired systems to communicate with other Thus the internet of things (IoT), where through the use of devices of the same type. M2M is a broad term as it does not sensors, the entire physical infrastructure is closely coupled with information and communication technologies via M2M pinpoint specific wireless or wired networking, information communication; where intelligent monitoring and and communications technology. This broad term is management can be achieved via the usage of network particularly used by business executives [4]. embedded devices. It is a network of sensor nodes in which each node is equipped with a sensor to detect natural In M2M four phases are involved: characteristic such as light, heat, pressure, etc. WSNs have 1. Collection of the data revolutionized information gathering method to construct the 2. Transmission of the data through the communication information and communication system which will greatly medium/network improve the reliability, advancement and efficiency of 3. Assessment of the data collected infrastructure systems. 4. Then response to the machine based on the assessment. II.

APPLICATIONS

The major focus of this research paper is on application part of Machine 2 Machine and IoT application in real world and in near future. There could be a variety of applications in different fields that could be useful to human beings such as:

Fig.4: Four phases of M2M Source: http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Articles/M2M.html

M2M has a wide range of applications such as industrial automation, logistics, Smart Grid, Smart Cities, smart Buildings, healthcare, defense Security & surveillance, automative and transport etc. mostly for monitoring but also for control purposes. Thus M2M is considered an integral part of the Internet of Things (IoT) and brings several benefits to industry and business.

I.III. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IOT AND M2M M2M is basically communication between a machine or a device with a remote computer. In M2M three processes are involved as mentioned: 1.M2M connects the device to the cloud. 2. It Manage the device. 3. It Collects the machine and/or sensor data. IoT goes beyond the M2M periphery. IoT basically represents things connecting with the systems, people and other things. M2M can be thought of as integral to the IoT. IoT is bigger than M2M. The major difference between M2M and IoT was the network used for transmitting and receiving data. This was mainly due to infrastructural difference during the time when M2M evolved. In that time, devices or machines communicated through wireless or wired network. Now in today IoT devices communicated through IP (IPv4/IPv6) networks. Thus, the M2M can be considered as a subset of IoT, today they are pretty much the same and can be used or work interchangeably. Thus, M2M is often used in heavy

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Healthcare Buildings Manufacturing Automotive & transport Supply chain Retail Field service Utilities: smart metering and grids Security & surveillance Environmental monitoring Agriculture Military Dynamic newspapers and signage applications Intelligent packages or Smart labels or Smart Tags Electronic labels Smart cards Energy harvesting and storage devices Dynamic screens and lighting panels Active/smart clothing Cyber security systems Optical fiber sensing technology Video based IoT Bluetooth technology iChipNet Smart City Smart Homes

The application list could be more exhaustive and will be in near future as the potential of the technology is explored. There are some practical usage of the Machine 2 Machine and IoT as they are closely related to each other could be the 'smart home', includes sensor-equipped white goods, security, lighting, heating, ventilation and entertainment devices could be communicating to each other and to the home owner. In Healthcare includes e-health, m-health, telemedicine and assisted living. In hospitals Patients can be tagged with sensors sent home and monitored remotely by medical staff. There are many reasons why 'smart' manufacturing is a good idea: digital control systems, asset management and smart sensors can maximize operational efficiency, safety and reliability, while integration with smart

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Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT) Volume -2, Issue- 4, Aug. 2015, ISSN: 2394 - 8124 Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected] building systems and smart grids can optimize energy consumption and reduce carbon footprint. The usage of passive RFID tags in supply chain management: the ability to track, in real time, raw materials and parts through manufacturing to finished products delivered to the customer the sharp end of the supply chain — retail — is fertile ground for M2M technology, applying to areas such as in-store product placement and replacement, kiosks and digital signage, vending machine management, parking meters and wireless payment systems. To sense the environment a suitably placed sensors can provide early warning of pollution, forest fires, landslides, avalanches and earthquakes, for example. Many military applications simply involve ruggedized and security-hardened versions of existing technologies, and this will apply to M2M as much as any other sector.

Fig. 5: A lamp-post mounted (solar-powered) sensor/comms enclosure and an illustration of its use in traffic monitoring in a 'smart city' environment. Images: Libelium

Fig: 7: Medical Applications of IoT Source: McKinsey, GSMA, 3millionlives UK

Fig. 8: Connecting Human Lives with IoT

Fig. 9: IoT Connecting Daily Traffic Signals Source: McKinsey internal research, GSMA Fig. 6: Machine-to-machine communications can be used to monitor traffic in real time, like at this Los Angeles traffic center. Source: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/m2mcommunication3.htm

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Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT) Volume -2, Issue- 4, Aug. 2015, ISSN: 2394 - 8124 Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected] These include Apple iCloud, Google Cloud Platform, Microsoft One device, and others. But these cloud computing systems are intended to use with personal computers, and embedded developers need something similar for IoT devices. The Cloud resource management and scheduling system should be in such a way so as to prioritize requests such that critical requests are served in real time. III.II. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND INTERNET OF THINGS

Fig.10: Automation of Homes Using IoT

III. FUTURE ASPECTS The future of the technology is depends upon the utility to the human being, like telegram services in older days was very important to deliver short message but today this services has been discontinued in India due to more advanced facility like SMS and Watsapp later on this will or may be change its shape into new form. The future is yet to explore, the full potential of the technology, it is going to be a blend of the many upcoming technology to serve the human need.

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU 2005) predicts that in the long run IoT along with its applied applications in nanotechnology may begin an era of new computing and communication that would transform all the major working areas of our lives. According to researchers, the technology has the potential to draw highly precise and data driven management enabling a reliable working environment. We can further say that the advancement in the miniaturization electronics based on Nano-technology are quite crucial in developing comprehensive embedded networks. Developing even smaller integrated circuits at a very Nano-scale may enhance the development of smart tags, smart cards, smart labels and sensors, which could support new monitoring and infrastructure building systems. Although the scope is quite influential and large, it might take a lot of time and data driven technologies for the fulfillment of required results. III.III. CONNECTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WITH THE INTERNET OF THINGS

Fig.11: Future Aspects of IoT using Cloud Computing

III.I. CLOUD COMPUTING: INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT THE IOT Fig.12: Artificial Intelligence with IoT

A dynamic and elastic IT infrastructure like cloud computing provides automated provisioning or de-provisioning of IT resources without human interference. Cloud is an illusion of infinite computing resources. New public and hybrid cloud are mobile based cloud platform technology are providing companies with an easy move connecting traditional enterprise based information systems to both private and public based IoT enabled devices. In addition, new cloud based services are providing developers with the ability to easily extend an internet connected device such as a sensor or controller into the cloud, built in application alongside the device to collect data and send real time views back to the developers business. At the same time developers can quickly built mobile apps as- remote controls to connected devices. In practical terms, cloud computing is an array of network computers that allow to afloat processing task or storage from an embedded system. Many companies have launched services that try their best to simplify complexities.

With the two technologies all set to meet, lines between scifi and high-tech would be narrowed forever. Artificial intelligence provides us the framework and tools to go beyond trivial time decision and automation use cases for IoT. The combination of both the technologies would result in building of smart machines such as human robots, cars and other manufacturing products. This will make life easier with intelligent automation, predictive analytics and proactive intervention. Along with IoT, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology can be quite fruitful in analysis of the flowing trends and there would be a birth of a different and a new world.

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Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology (JMEIT) Volume -2, Issue- 4, Aug. 2015, ISSN: 2394 - 8124 Website: www.jmeit.com | E-mail: [email protected]|[email protected] [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_to_machine IV. CONCLUSION The details observed above in various topics in the paper on IoT and M2M application and their individual details we may conclude that the pace of IT market adoption is accelerating because the increase in market demand and number of users are increasing day by day and more advanced systems will be needed in future, the cloud computing, Nano tech and Artificial intelligence are few examples of latest technology. Increasing connectivity of machines and smart devices via M2M communication, the proliferation of IoT applications connecting developers and customers the market demand of these product may lead into hybrid products with the combination of two or more technology together. The day is not far when we will have a true IoT cloud eco system enabling a network of sensors networked via Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth , Zigbee etc. V. REFERENCES [1] Sudhir Kumar Routray, ''History of Electronics'' The University of Shelfield [2]https://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac79/docs/innov/IoT_IBSG_0 411FINAL.pdf [3] arm.com / freescale.com: Today’s Wireless Landscape

Author’s Details Vijay Laxmi Kalyani is currently an Assistant Professor in the department of ECE in GWEC, Ajmer. She has attended various workshops, conferences, FDP, STC etc. and also published many research papers in various conference proceedings, International and national Journals. She is a member of IAENG. Priya Gaur is currently perusing B.Tech (lll-year) in Electronics and Communication Engineering in GWEC, Ajmer. She is a permanent member of technical society, ISTE. Shubhangi Priya Vats is currently perusing B.Tech (lllyear) in Electronics and Communication Engineering in GWEC, Ajmer. She is a permanent member of technical society, ISTE ‘

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