JMA - WMO

Himawari-8 and -9 from Disaster Risk Reduction Perspective Japan Meteorological Agency The 12th session of Consultative Meetings on High-Level Policy on Satellite Matters Geneva, Switzerland, 21 June 2014

Japan Meteorological Agency

Satellite Availability  Meteorological satellites have high availability for various socioeconomic areas.

Energy

Environment

Management

Aviation

Industry

Climate

Disaster Risk Reduction Tropical Cyclone (Typhoon) Heavy Rainfall Volcano Eruption

Ocean Agriculture Japan Meteorological Agency

Disaster Risk Reduction as Socio-Economic Benefits  Disasters such as Tropical cyclones and heavy rainfall cause significant damage to human society.  In particular, Asia and the Pacific suffer from disastrous Tropical Cyclones very frequently.

Tropical Cyclones (1945-2006) wikipedia.org

Japan Meteorological Agency

Disaster Risk Reduction as Socio-Economic Benefits  Meteorological satellites can achieve socio-economic benefits through their utilization for disaster risk reduction.

wikipedia.org

Typhoon Haiyan struck in the Philippines

mlit.go.jp

Flood by heavy rainfall in Japan

 JMA, as NMHS in Japan, has emphasized utilizing Himawari series of satellites for disaster risk reduction.  JMA will launch Himawari-8 in 2014, and plans to further utilize its enormous volume of data. Japan Meteorological Agency

Himawari-8/9 Specification Bands of Himawari-8/9 Band

Wavelength [μm]

Spatial Resolution

1

0.47

1 km

2

0.51

1 km

3

0.64

0.5 km

4

0.86

1 km

5

1.6

2 km

6

2.3

2 km

7

3.9

2 km

8

6.2

2 km

9

6.9

2 km

10

7.3

2 km

11

8.6

2 km

12

9.6

2 km

13

10.4

2 km

14

11.2

2 km

15

12.4

2 km

16

13.3

2 km

Number of Bands: 5

RGB Composited True Color Image

Water Vapor

SO2 O3

Full disk Interval:

10 minutes

Japan Area Interval: 2.5 minutes

Atmospheric Windows

Dimension: EW x NS: 2000 x 1000 km x 2

CO2

Dimension: EW x NS: 1000 x 1000 km

16

Target Area Interval: 2.5 minutes

Interval: 30/60 min.

10 min.

Japan Meteorological Agency

Example 1: Tropical Cyclones (Typhoons)  JMA operates RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center which is one of 6 RSMCs responsible for analysis and forecasting of tropical cyclones.

 RSMC Tokyo generates products mainly using satellite imagery and outputs from numerical prediction models.

Japan Meteorological Agency

Example 1: Tropical Cyclones (Typhoons) From the perspective of satellite imagery  Utilizing the target area observation of Himawari-8/9 with 2.5 minutes interval is under consideration. It is expected to improve typhoon-information timeliness.

Target Area Interval: 2.5 minutes

Dimension: EW x NS: 1000 x 1000 km

Japan Meteorological Agency

Example 1: Tropical Cyclones (Typhoons) From the perspective of numerical prediction models  Number of Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) will increase, by utilizing multiple (multi-band and high-frequency) imagery with new algorithm.

Count

 It will reduce NWP typhoon positional errors. It is expected to improve typhoon-information accuracy. e.g. more appropriate evacuation advisory Results of observing system experiments of high-frequent AMVs Control: without high-frequent AMVs Test: with high-frequent AMVs Japan Meteorological Agency

Example 2: Heavy Rainfall  JMA generally figures out precipitation distribution using weather radars.

 Geostationary meteorological satellites have a possibility to detect expected heavy rain areas earlier than weather radar signals. Himawari 09:50

10:30

Himawari was able to capture cloud ice particles earlier than a radar observed raindrops.

radar Japan Meteorological Agency

Example 2: Heavy Rainfall  JMA provides a cumulus information product utilizing satellite imagery.  JMA plans to improve the product utilizing the new observation bands of Himawari-8.  It is expected to support issuing alerts on heavy rainfall.

Cumulonimbus Rapidly Developing Cumulus Mid/Low cloud unknown Japan Meteorological Agency

Example 3: Volcano Eruption  MTSAT-1R imagery at 10-minute intervals were effectively used in monitoring the Kelud volcano eruption (Indonesia, February 2014).  Himawari-8 will be able to observe such an eruption every 10 minutes by default. IR (night) VIS and IR color composite (day)

RGB color composite

Split channel (11μm - 12μm)

RGB color composite

Japan Meteorological Agency

Summary  Disaster risk reduction is one of the most important missions which NMHSs shall promote.  Meteorological satellites are used by a variety of ways to support activities on disaster risk reduction.

by monitoring

by analyzing

by assimilating

 JMA will launch Himawari-8 in 2014, and facilitate to utilize its data in cooperation with NMHSs, satellite operators and research agencies.  JMA believes Himawari-8 will yield significant socio-economic benefits for the world through disaster risk reduction of the world. Japan Meteorological Agency