Large © Dualities in Topological String Theory ... - Caltech THESIS


 
 
"!#$%  '&() +* ., -0/13241.576 8:9=@?A9CB ;D=+E9 FHGJI$KMLON 2 KQPSRUTUPWVXP4P4Y / GZN\[^]>N -0/`_./a T 2 L / Y / GZN 1 ]b[QL.N -0/`cd/e L // [^] c [0fNO[^L.[^]$I -U2 PW[ 1 [Qg -Z6

h KQP 2 ]b[^LiG 2 K FHG 1 N 2 NiT0N / [Q] ,A/ f - G0[jPW[ e^6 I$K 1 KQk / GUKUl h KMP 2 ]b[^LiG 2 K Qm n^n^o p c)/ ] / GUk / kJq(K 6srut l mMn^njojv

242

fw mQn^njo , KMxyT 6 KzdxyTUkXK { P4P _2Wej- N 1_/1O/ L3| / k

24242 F~}%[^TUP4kP 2 x / NO[JN - KMG0xsN -0/ Y€KQG 6 g / [^gXP / } 2 N - [jTyN} - [^Y‚N -U241 N -0/13241 }%[jT0P4kG0[QN - K| /5ƒ// G gƒ[ 13132W5 P /j„ RU[QL / Y[ 1 N 241 Y 6 KMk0| 241 [^LlD… 2 L3[ 132 zd[ e T0L 2 lANO[ } - [jY†FKQY e L‡KMN / ]ˆTUP+]b[^L -U241`2 G 132Wej- N3]ˆTUP e T 2 kUKQGXf / KQGUk e^/ G / L3[jT 1%1 T0gUg‰[^L3N „ F$}Š[jTUP4k‹KMP 1 [ŒP 2 x / N3[ŒN - KQG0x { GjN3[jG‹:KMgXT 1 N 2 GSlZ]b[^L%} - [jYŽF$}.K 1 [jGXf / K , { „ F~P / KML3G / kK‹PW[^N)[^]ŠT 1O/ ]ˆTUP$Y[7k / LiGYKMN -0/ Y€KN 2 fKQP>Y / N - [yk 1 N - L3[jT e^- N -y/‘ [ 5A„ F~KQY N - KQG0x7]ˆTUP’N3[€“Q[ - G(”yf - }\KML3•–]b[^L -U241 KQk0| 2 f / KMGUkJK 2 k „ F - K| /.- KQk / G ‘ [ 6 K 5 P / N 2 Y /1 KMGUk 2 GZNOL 2We T 2 G e k 241 f—T 13132 [jG 1 } 2 N - Y€KQG 6 ] / P4PW[} e LiKQkUTXKN /.1 NiT0k / GZN 1 2 GXf—P4TUk 2 G e q 24- K 2–˜ [^GUkXKML /1 f—T™ldI$KQTUP h [7[^x’lz)P /e›š |yG 2 G™l h -0/ N - KQGœ)[}k 2We^/ L / l~…~[^xCž // lŸ 2 ž 2 l , L 241 N‡KQGqsfžS[jT ej- P 2 G™l c [jGXKQP zŒ¡ h [jG0G / P4P¢lƒŸ T0N‡KxQKJzd[^x^[^TXf -U2 lS“Q[jG e }%[jGI$KML3xN -0/ { ¯HY[yk / PZ[^G`N -y/ f—[^G 2 ]b[jP4k™l N3[N -0/ { ¯HY[yk / P.[jG›Y[^L /¨e^/ G / L‡KQP eQ/ [^Y / N3L 2W/1„À¦/ KQP 1 [ /—­ gXP¹K 2 G - [u}ÁN -0/ žAKQGUkXKMTy¯«œ 2 G0• 5 T0L e Y[yk / P 1 fKQG 5ƒ/ T 1O/ k¨NO[g / L3]b[^L3Y¬N -0/ }%[^L3P4k 13-0// Nk / L 2 |QKN 2 [jG#[^]DN -0/`˜ ¯HY[yk / PSP¹KML e^/`º kUTXKQP 2 N 2W/1„ FHGŒN -0/.1O/ f—[^GUkg‰KMLONlM} / f[jG 132 k / L$KfP¹K 1i1 [^] { ¯HY[yk / PyP¹KML e^/º kUTXKQP 2 N 2W/1 } -0/ L / N -0/ [^g / G 1 NOL 2 G e N -y/ [QL 6 L / kUTXf /1 N - LO[jT ej- N -0/ h -y/ L3Gy¯«” 2 Y[^G 1 N -0/ [^L 6 [^G¶K P / G 11 g‰KQf / NO[KJY€KMN3L 2½­ Y[7k / P „‹¦¤/ f[jYgXTyN / KQGUk#f[jYg‰KML / N -0/ Y€KMNOL 2½­ Y[yk / P 1 g / fN3LiKQPƒf—T0LO| / KQGUk€N -0/ h KQP¹K 5X2 ¯ÂŸŠKQT e^/ [jY / N3L 6 Y 2 LOL3[^L N3[N -0/ fPW[ 13/ k 1 N3L 2 G ee^/ [jY / N3L 6 l0f[jG0V0LiY 2 G e N -0/ gUL / k 2 fN 2 [jG 1 [^]>N -0/ kUTXKMP 2 N 6j„ R 2 GXKQP4P 6¶2 G›N -0/ N -U2 L3k›g‰KML3Nl%} / gUL3[Qgƒ[ 1O/ Kf—L 6y1 N‡KQPY[7k / PN - KN®k /1 fL 2W5ƒ/1 N -0/ { ¯HY[yk / P.[jG N -y/ L /1 [jPW| / kf[jG 2 ]b[jP4k „À,\-U241241 K e^/ G / L‡KMP 2 •uKN 2 [jG¤[^]dN -y/ fL 6y1 N‡KMP\]b[^L‹Ã`Ä „¦¤/ KQP 1 [¤f[jG 132 k / LK G0[| / PY[yk / PA]b[^LdN -y/ L /1 [jPW| / k(f[jG 2 ]b[jP4k 241 k / L 2 | / kJ]bL3[jY©N -0/ Y€KMNOL 2½­ Y[yk / P „ h / L3N‡K 2 G(Gy[jGy¯ f[jYg‰KQf—N c ¯ 5 L‡KQG /1 KML / GXKNiT0LiKQP4P 6#2 GXf[^L3gƒ[QL‡KMN / k 2 GZN3[N -0/ f—L 6y1 N‡KQPSKQGUk¾N -0/ Y€KMN3L 2½­ Y[7k / P „

|

Å ÆÈÇ ³ÊÉ Ç ³²

Ë®Ì@͗ÎϐÐXÑQÎ

ÒbÓ

Ô Õ—Ö ÎÏuיØDÙDÑQÎÒˆ× Ö Ô r^„Wr ˜ K 132 f 1 [^]>N3[^gƒ[^PW[ ej2 fKQP 1 NOL 2 G e N -y/ [QL 6"„„„`„„`„:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ Ú r^„ m œd[^g‰KMxyT0Y€KMLO¯¢§ K]¿K kUTXKMP 2 N 6©„`„„„`„„„„`„„`„:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ r n Û Ü ‰× ϐݿØDÍÞ>ßZßjÎØ>ßZϐÒbÓUÐ0ÎÒˆ× Ö m „Wr c ¯ 5 LiKQG /1 KQGUk¾g - K 1O/1ᄁ„„`„„„`„„„„`„„`„:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ m „4r^„Wr _./ | 2W/ }"[Q]DN -0/ f—[^G 2 ]b[jP4k¨fK 1O/„„„`„„`„:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ m „4r^„ m œKQT e^/ N -0/ [^L 6 [^G ã ėäjåæ „`„„„„`„„`„:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ m „4r^„èç œKQT e^/ N -0/ [^L 6 [^G ã Ä äjå™é „`„„„„`„„`„:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ m „ m ˜ ¯HY[yk / PSP¹KML e^/`º kUTUKQP 2 N 2W/1 „„„`„„„„`„„`„:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ m „ m „Wr q 2 L3LO[^L\[^]DN -0/ å™é a Ty[^N 2W/ GZN.[^]>N -y/ L /1 [^PW| / k¨f[jG 2 ]b[jP4k „„„`„„„„`„„„„ m „ m „ m ë æìAí ë ææ í ë Äæ í¶î~ï p ëUðv æ@í›ñ p ëUðv+ò¸n „:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„

Ô7à râ râ mr mÚ çMê çMê ç^Ú

úÔ à ó 7ß Í—ÎÒ Ö>ô ÝbÐXÏ ô ß º ØDÙ>ÐXÝ¿ÒbÎ҈ß7Íõ€ÒbÎÞCö¤Ð0ÎϐÒø÷ùö¤×SØ>ßyÝˆÍ çU„Wr ,\-0/ Y€KMNOL 2½­ Y [yk / P 1 g / fN3LiKQP™fTyL3| / „„„`„„`„:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ Zê ç çU„ m ,\-0/ å™é ¯ a T0[^N 2W/ GjN.[^]DN -0/ L /1 [jPW| / k¨f[jG 2 ]b[jP4k „`„:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ yê t

|2

ú à ÐX݈ÐXÌ@Ò¹ûOüÐ‰ÙùÑ^ÏýA͗ÎÐXÝ¿Í ê‰„Wr h L 6y1 NiKQP™Y / PWN 2 G e Y[yk / P’]b[^L.N -0/ L /1 [jPW| / k¨f[jG 2 ]b[^P4k „„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ ꉄ m žAKML e^/º kUTUKQPS[^g / G 1 N3L 2 G e N -0/ [^L 6 „„„`„„`„:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ êX„ m „Wr ÿ G 2 N‡KL 6 Y€KMNOL 2½­ Y [yk / PS]b[QL h -0/ LiG7¯«” 2 Y[jG 1 N -0/ [^L 6 „`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ êX„ m „ m h L 6y1 NiKQP’]bL3[^Y h -0/ LiGy¯«” 2 Y[jG 1 N -0/ [^L 6 „:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ ꉄèç { kUk 2 G e®c ¯ 5 L‡KQG /1 „`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„`„:„`„„`„„„„`„„„`„„„„`„„„„ ꉄ ê qJ[^L /:e^/ G / L‡KMPSP¹KML eQ/`º k0TXKQP 2 N 2W/1 l 2 G 1 N‡KQGjN3[jG¨f[jTUGZN 2 G e lUKMGUk e^/ [jY / NOL 2 f / G ej2 G // L 2 G e

þà o^o âUr âm âMê â^â tm

þ Ã × Ö ÑjÝ¿ÙDÍÒˆ× Ö


Ë  ЉÍÒ¿ÑjÍ ×.Î׉ÏMÒˆÑ ô ß7׃ö¤ßjÎÏý




ŒÒˆÌ@Ý¿Òˆ× ô ÏuÐ@Þ[ 5U‘ / fN 1 N3[‹f—[^YgXT0N / KL / N -0/ L / ]b[QL / |MK^f—TUTUY KQYgXP 2 N3TUk /1 l 2¢„ /Z„ lŠk 2 K e LiKQY 1 } 2 N - [jT0N /­ N / LiGXKMP 1 NOL 2 G ej1 KMN3NiK^f -0/ k p R 2We T0L /r^„Wr p f vOv „ F¢N NiTyLiG 1 [jT0NŠN - KMNŠN -0/13/ KQYgXP 2 N3TUk /1 [^]SNO[^gƒ[jPW[ ej2 fKQP 1 N3L 2 G e N -y/ [QL 6 f[jGZ| / G 2W/ GZN3P 6 g‰KQf‡xMK eQ/)2 Ygƒ[^LON‡KQGZN N / L3Y 1Š2 G€N -0/)/»P 2 x /®a TXKQGZN3TUY ]b[ZKQYJl@KML / f[jGXfL / N / P 6 L / KQP 2 • / k 2 G¤N -0/ f[jGZN /—­ N`[Q].NO[^gƒ[jPW[ e^2 fKMP 1 N3L 2 G e N -0/ [^L 6j„, [Qgƒ[jPW[ ej2 fKQP 1 NOL 2 G e N -y/ [QL 6 241 KQP 1 [¾KQG /—­ NOL / Y / P 6 G 2 f / ]bLiKQY / }%[QL3x¨NO[ 2 GZ| /1 N 2We KMN /

ê

N -y/1 NOLiTXfN3T0L / [^]:N3[^gƒ[^PW[ e^6 KQGUk e^/ [jY / N3L 6 [Q] 1 g‰KQf /1‹1 TXf - K 1 h KQP¹K 5U2 ¯ÂŸŠKQTCYKQG 2 ]b[jP4k 1„ ,\-0/ L / KML / Y€KQG 6®24131 T /1 l0Y 2 L3LO[^L 1O6 YY / N3L 6 KQGUk œ)LO[jY[|Z¯ ¦¸2 NON / G ( c [jGXKMP4k 1 [jGy¯ ,.- [jY€K 1 f—[QL3L /1 gƒ[jG0k / GXf / N3[¨GXKQY / K‹] / }`lSN - KMN - K| / KMN3NOL‡K^fN / ks|MK 1 N`KMN3N / GZN 2 [jG(]bL3[jYY€KMN -y/ YKMN 2 f 2 KQG 1„Œc)/ | / PW[^gUY / GZN 1 [^] N3[Qgƒ[jPW[ ej2 fKQP 1 N3L 2 G e N -0/ [^L 6 [} / YŒTXf - NO[ 2 GjN / L‡K^fN 2 [jG 1 [^]Dg -Z6y132 f 241 N 1 } 2 N - Y€KMN -0/ Y€KMN 2 f 2 KQG 1„ Z” NOL 2 G e N -y/ [QL 6 fKMG 5ƒ/ L /e KML3k / k®K 1 K a TXKQGjNiTUY V / P4kN -0/ [^L 6 } 2 N - KQG 2 GyVXG 2 N / G7TUY 5ƒ/ L [Q]’V / P4k 1 KML 241i2 G e ]bLO[jY /—­ f 2 N‡KN 2 [jGY[yk /1 [^]~K 1 NOL 2 G e‰„(,.-y/ L /‹- K| /#5‰// G|MKML 2 [jT 1`/» [^LON 1 Y€KQk / N3[(}.L 2 N / k0[}G¨N -0/ žAK e LiKQG ej2 KQG 1 ]b[QL 1 NOL 2 G e N -0/ [^L 2W/1 l0} 2 N - |MKML 6y2 G e k /e L //1 [^] 1 TUff /131 k / g / G0k 2 G e [^G¨N -0/ Y[yk / P „J,.-U241 KMg0gUL3[ZKQf -¤241 fKQP4P / k 1 NOL 2 G e V / P4k¤N -0/ [^L 6j„ FHG e^/ G / L‡KQP¢l 1 N3L 2 G e V / P4kN -0/ [^L 6241 Y[^L / 1 TXff /131 ]ˆTUP’]b[^L.[^g / G 1 NOL 2 G ej1 N - KMG¾]b[^L~f—PW[ 1O/ k 1 NOL 2 G ej1„ ”ZNOL 2 G e V / P4k`N -y/ [QL 6241 g‰KL3N 2 f—TUP¹KLiP 6 N3L‡KQf—NiK 5 P / } -0/ G KgUgXP 2W/ k`N3[)[^g / GNO[^gƒ[jPW[ e^2 fKMP 1 NOL 2 G e N -0/ [^L 6 kUT / N3[N -y/ K 5X1O/ GXf / [^]~g0L3[^g‰K e KMN 2 G e k /e L //1 [^]~]bL // k0[^Y „ h -0/ LiGy¯«” 2 Y [jG 1 e KQT e^/ N -0/ [^L 6¤241 KQG /—­ KQYgUP / [Q] 1 N3L 2 G e V / P4k#N -0/ [^L 6 ]b[QL\[Qg / G#N3[^gƒ[^PW[ ej2 fKQP 1 N3L 2 G ej1 l0KMGUk#} 2 P4P 5ƒ/ k 241 f—T 131O/ k#N - L3[^T ej- [jTyN N -0241 N -y/13241„ ”ZNOL 2 G e V / P4k N -0/ [^L 6 KMgUgUP 2W/ kŒN3[fPW[ 13/ kŒN3[^gƒ[^PW[ ej2 fKQP 1 NOL 2 G e^1+241 K–NO[^gƒ[jPW[ ej2 fKQPyY [yk / P0[^] a TXKQGZN3TUY e LiK| 2 N 6j„ FHG h - KgUN / L ê l} / } 2 P4PZk 241 f—T 131 KL / f / GZNiP 6 gULO[^gƒ[ 1O/ k`]b[QLiYŒTUP¹KN 2 [jG:[Q]UNO[^gƒ[jPW[ ej2 fKQP a TXKQGZN3TUY e LiK| 2 N 6j„ ,\-0/ P¹KML e^/dº kUTXKQP 2 N 6241 KQG [jP4kf—[^GXf / g0N 2 GN -0/ [^L / N 2 fKMPyg -Z671i2 f 1 lQgULO[^gƒ[ 1O/ k 576 ¡ NŠ…[7[^]bN 2 G ,r +Ztê - r/.H„ ž / NdT 1 f—[^G 132 k / L)K10 p º v e KQT e^/ N -y/ [QL 6 } - [ 1O/ V / P4k 1 KML / KQP4PAYKMN3L 2 f /1 p325476 v „ { 131 T0Y / N - KN N -y/ žAK e L‡KQG e^2 KQG 241.1 f -0/ Y€KN 2 fKQP4P 6 [^]>N -y/ ]b[QLiY 8:9

r , L 2 æ í , L 2 Ä í , L 2 ð í5=>=?=A@CB ;
g‰[ 2 GZN>[^]U| 2W/ } „>,.-y/ f[jG0]b[^L3Y€KQP V / P4kJN -0/ [^L 2W/1 [jGJN -0/ }Š[^LiP4k 13-0// N~L / P / |MKQGZN]b[^LdN -0/ NO[^gƒ[jPW[ ej2 fKQP™P¹KML eQ/Œº kUTUKQP 2 N 6 fKMG 5ƒ/ L / KQP 2 • / k K 1 N -0/`2 G0]bLiKML / k¨P 2 Y 2 N.[Q]+f / L3N‡K 2 G¨V / P4k¾N -0/ [^L 6 Y[yk / P 1 l0N -y/`e KMT e^/ kJP 2 G / KL 132We Y€KY [yk / P¢l‰KQG0k¨N -0/ žAKQGUkXKMTy¯«œ 2 G0• 5 T0L e Y[yk / P „ zd[ e T0L 2 KQGUk‹§ K]¿K 13- [} / k - [u}¸N -0/ kUTXKMP 2 N 6 [^]$œ)[Qg‰KMxyTUYKML.KQGUk#§ KM]¿K fKQG 5ƒ/ k / L 2 | / k 576 K¨k 6 GXKQY 2 fKMP e^/ G / L‡KN 2 [jGÊ[^] 5 [jTUGUkUKML 2W/1 [^G¤N -0/ f—PW[ 1O/ k 1 N3L 2 G e }Š[^LiP4k 13-0// N 1„ ¦/ } 2 P4P 5ƒ/ K 5 P / N3[ /—­ N / G0kN -0/ }%[^L3P4k 13-0// Nk / L 2 |QKN 2 [jGŒ[^]ƒN -y/ P¹KL e^/~º kUTXKQP 2 N 6 N3[:[^N -0/ L { ¯HY[7k / P 1 2 GJY[^L /:e^/ G / L‡KQP e^/ [jY / NOL 2W/1.5Z6 T 132 G e Y 2 L3LO[^L 1O6 YY / N3L 6j„+¦/ KMP 1 [ /­ N / GUk¨N -y/ k / L 2 |QKN 2 [jG¾NO[ ˜ ¯ Y[yk / P™P¹KML eQ/Œº kUTXKMP 2 N 2W/1„ { PW[jG e N -0/ }.K 6 l0} / TUGXf[| / L - [u}N -0/`2 GZN3L 2 fKN /:5 [jTUG0kXKML 6 f[jGUk 2 N 2 [jG 1 P 2 x / N -0/~¦¸2 P 1 [jG€P 2 G / fKMLOL 2W/ k 576 K c ¯ 5 LiKQG / KML / Y€KQG 2 ] /1 N / k[jG€N -0/ }%[QLiP4k 13-0// NN -0/ [^L 2W/1 [^]™fPW[ 13/ k 1 N3L 2 G ej1„ HF G€f - KgUN / L ç lQ} / } 2 P4P0k /1 f—L 2W5ƒ/ KN /1 N$[^]’Kf—P¹K 131 [^]ƒP¹KML e^/~º kUTXKQP 2 N 2W/1„ FHG N -U241 f—P¹K 131 [^]KML /2 G¨N -0/ P¹KML e^/º P 2 Y 2 N~fKMgUNiTyL / k 576 K m ¯Hk 2 Y / G 132 [jGXKQP 1 T0LO]¿K^f / fKQP4P / kÀN -y/ 1 g / fN3LiKQP~f—T0LO| /j„ žAKML eQ/(º k0TXKQP 2 N 6 gUL / k 2 f—N 1 KsgUL / f 241O/ L / P¹KMN 2 [jG 5ƒ/ N } // G€N -0/)1 g / f—NOL‡KQPƒfTyL3| / KQG0k®N -0/)eQ/ [^Y / N3L 62 G€} -U2 f - f—PW[ 1O/ k 1 N3L 2 G ej1 gULO[^g‰K e KN /j„A¦¤/ } 2 P4P‰f[jY gXT0N /~5 [^N - N -0/)1 g / f—NOL‡KQP‰f—T0L3| / [^]’N -y/ Y€KMN3L 2½­ Y [yk / PƒKQG0k€N -y/de^/ [jY / N3L 6 ]b[^L%f—PW[ 1O/ k 1 NOL 2 G e gULO[^g‰K e KN 2 [jG¤KQGUk¶f—[^G0VULiY N -0/ gUL / k 2 f—N 2 [jG „¨,.-U241 gULO[| 2 k /1 K a TXKQGjN 2 N‡KN 2 | / N /1 N`[^].N -0241 f—P¹K 131 [^] P¹KML e^/`º kUTXKQP 2 N 2W/1„ FHGªKÊL / f / GZN€k / | / PW[^gXY / GjNl N3[^g‰[jPW[ ej2 fKQP 1 N3L 2 G e N -y/ [QL 6- K 1€5ƒ// G›L / ]b[^L3YŒTUP¹KMN / k 2 G›N / LiY 1 [^] 1 N‡KMN 241 N 2 fKQPSY[yk / P 1„ FHGsf - KgUN / L ê lU} / } 2 P4PSgUL3[^g‰[ 1O/ KG / } 1 N‡KN 241 N 2 fKQPSY [yk / P™]b[^L~N -y/ NO[^gƒ[jPW[ e^2 fKMP { ¯HY [yk / P¦¤/ } 2 P4PSKQP 1 [ŒgUL /1O/ GZNK G / }"TUG 2 N‡KL 6 YKMN3L 2½­ ]b[^L3YŒTUP¹KMN 2 [jG®[^] N -y/ h -0/ LiG7¯«” 2 Y[jG 1 N -0/ [^L 6 [jGã Ä „ F¢N–} 2 P4PDN -y/ G 5ƒ/13- [}~GsN - KMNN -0/ fL 671 NiKQP@Y[yk / P 241 GXKMN3T0L‡KMP4P 6 k / L 2 | / k¨]bLO[jYÁN -y/ TUG 2 N‡KL 6 Y€KMNOL 2½­ Y[yk / P „ ¦¤/ } 2 P4P 1O// N - KMNdG0[jGy¯£f[jY g‰K^fN c ¯ 5 L‡KQG /1 K 1i1 [0f 2 KMN / k } 2 N - f / LON‡K 2 G‹xyG0[QN 2 GZ|MKML 2 KQGZN 1 fKQG 5ƒ/2 GXf[^LOgƒ[^LiKMN / k 2 GZN3[ N -0/ fL 671 NiKQP™KQG0k¨N -0/ Y€KMN3L 2½­ Y[7k / P 1„ ,\-U241 N -0/13241@241@5 K 1O/ kŒ[^GŒN -0/ KQT0N - [^L¡ 1 f[jGjN3L 2W5 T0N 2 [jG`NO[–N -0/.1 T 50‘ / fNlM} -U2 f - KgUg / KML / k 2 GŒgXKMg / L 1 - m . l - oç . lUKQGUk - ê .¢„ ‡‰ˆ,‡

Š


$~ ‰‹ + € €
ùA$%  &  $*

., -y/ Y[ 1 N 2 Ygƒ[^LON‡KQGjN€f[jG 1 N3L3TXfN 2 [jG¶[^])NO[^gƒ[jPW[ e^2 fKMP 1 NOL 2 G e N -0/ [^L 6¶2415 K 13/ kÀ[jGùKQGŒ ò p m B mjv G0[jG7¯HP 2 G / KML 132We Y€K`Y[yk / P‰} - [ 13/ NiKML e^/ N 1 gXK^f /–241 KŒf[jY gXP /—­#ç ¯Hk 2 Y / G 132 [jGXKQP h KQP¹K 5X2 ¯ÂŸŠKQT®Y€KMG 2 ]b[jP4k Ž „+,\-0/ G0[jG7¯HP 2 G / KML 132We YK Y[yk / P - K 1 Œ ò p m B mjv 1 T0g / L‡f[jG0]b[QLiY€KQP 136 YY / N3L 6 } 2 N -¾e^/ G / L‡KN3[^L 1 p

B`‘’“B”

v KQGUk pf • B ‘!• ’“B ” • v =

p r^„Wr^„Wr v

+

… / L /  241 N -0/#/ G / L e^6 Y[^Y / GZNiTUY N / G 1 [QLl ‘ ’ KML / N -0/‹1 T0g / L‡f—T0LOL / GZN 1 l+KMGUk ” 241 N -0/ 0 p r v _ ¯ f—T0L3L / GZN 2 G¤N -0/#- [jPW[jY[QL3g -U2 f 1O/ fNO[^L „(,\-0/ f[^LOL /1 gƒ[jGUk 2 G e(e^/ G / L‡KMNO[^L 1`2 GN -0/ KQGjN 2 ¯ - [jPW[^Y[^L3g -U2 f 1O/ f—NO[^L~KML / k / G0[^N / k¾} 2 N - K 5 KML „ ¦/ fKMG¨YKMx / N -0/ G0[jGy¯HP 2 G / KL 132We Y€KŒY[yk / P 2 GZN3[K N3[Qgƒ[jPW[ ej2 fKQPƒV / P4k‹N -0/ [^L 6#576 N£} 241 N 2 G eX¼ —–™˜rš7›?– a{œ

¼ò

í r m 

”B

 • –ž˜rš7›?– a{œ

¼ò

  • Ÿ

r

m

• ”•

p r^„Wr^„ mjv

., -y/1O/ N } 241 N / k / G / L e^6 ¯HY[jY / GjNiTUY N / G 1 [^L 11 KMN 241 ] 6 N -0/¢¡ ò¸n § 2 LiK 1 [^L3[KMP e^/5 L‡K „D,\-0/ N£}%[f - [ 2 f /1 [^] 132We G P / KMk 1 NO[‹k 241 N 2 GXfNdN3[^g‰[jPW[ ej2 fKQPSV / P4k N -0/ [^L 2W/1„~,.-0/ N -y/ [QL 6 } 2 N - N -0/ J 132We G 241 fKQP4P / k¨N -0/ { ¯HY [yk / P¢ly} -02 P / N -y/ í 132We G¾P / KQk 1 N3[N -0/1 [Q¯£fKQP4P / k ˜ ¯HY[7k / P „ ” 2 GUf / } /¨- K| / N -0£/ ¡ òn § 2 LiK 1 [^L3[ÊKMP e^/5 L‡KUl@} / fKMGk / VUG / NO[^gƒ[jPW[ e^2 fKMP 1 NOL 2 G e N -0/ [^L 6¤576 KQGXKMPW[ e^6 } 2 N -‹5 [ 1 [jG 2 f 1 N3L 2 G e N -0/ [^L 6’¼ 1 g 2 G r ¼ 1 g 2G m ¼

‘ U B`‘¤ ¥

”Q¦Q§©¨Xª«B Q” • ¦Q§©¨Xª

‘ L B`‘ ’ ¥

¬­B •¬

”B Ÿ5” •

¥

” Z_®`¯ ›>– °J

ò

¼ ¬ ¡–¼ B ” • Z_®`¯ ›>– ò±J ¼ •¬ ¡–• ¼

p r^„Wr^„èç v p r^„Wr^„ ê v p r^„Wr^„ ojv

,.-y/2 k / GZN 2 V‰fKMN 2 [jG[^]SN -0/–_ ¯£f—T0LOL / GZN } 2 N - N -y/)ej- [ 1 N\f—T0LOL / GZN 2 G€N -0/ ¹P K 1 NŠP 2 G /)241 gƒ[ 13132W5 P /d5ƒ/ fKQT 1O/ N -y/6 KML / KQG0[jY€KMPW[jT 1.2 G¾N -0/1 KMY / }.K 6 } -0/ G¾N -0/ NiKML e^/ N 1 g‰K^f /:241 K h QK P¹K X5 2 ¯ÂŸŠKQT ç ¯¢]b[jP4k „ ,\-0/ N3[^gƒ[^PW[ ej2 fKQP 1 N3L 2 G e KQYgXP 2 N3TUk /1 KML / k / VXG / kJK 1 p v ¼ ò³²r´¶µ&·

Y T W

Ä ¸ T L Ä ²º ì ¹d

‘ L¼»¾½ ²fº ‘ • ’ » ½ • ¹Q¿ ¹

= –™˜rš7›?– a{œ

p r^„Wr^„èâ v

rn … / L / ½ ¹ BhÀ ò r B„=>=?=>B ç† J ç KML / N -y/˜Š/ PWNOL‡KQY 2 k 2W»ƒ/ L / GZN 2 KMP 1 [jG#N -0/–eQ/ GZT 1C®_2W/ Y€KQGUG 1 T0L3]¿K^f / l0KMGUk Á T 241 N -0/ Y[ykUT0P 2S1 g‰K^f / [^] eQ/ GZT 1G‹_~2W/ Y€KQG0G 1 T0LO]¿K^f /1„ p ¦/ L /1 N3L 2 f—N\[jT0L 1O/ PW| /1 NO[ ¶Â m „ v ,\-0/5 K 132 fŒgULO[^g / L3N 2W/1 [^] N3[^g‰[jPW[ ej2 fKQP 1 NOL 2 G e KQY gXP 2 NiTUk /1 KML / N -0/2 L 2 GUk / g / G0k / GXf / [jG - KMPW]Š[^] N -y/ Y[yk0TUP 2 [^] N -y/ h KMP¹K 5X2 ¯ÂŸŠKQT ç ¯¢]b[jP4k „`,.-0/ { ¯HY[yk / P+KMYgXP 2 NiT0k /1 k / g / GUks[jGUP 6 [^GN -0/ ‰K à - P / L Y[yk0TUP 2 ly} -02 P / N -0/`˜ ¯HY[7k / PAKQY gXP 2 NiTUk /1 k / g / GUk¾[jGUP 6 [jG¾N -0/ f—[^YgXP /—­‹1 N3L3TXfNiT0L / Y[ykUTUP 2¢„ ”Z[€]¿KL~} /`- K| /5ƒ// GJk 241 fT 1i132 G e f—PW[ 1O/ k¾N3[^g‰[jPW[ ej2 fKQP 1 NOL 2 G e N -0/ [^L 6j„ zdg / G¨N3[^g‰[jPW[ ej2 fKQP 1 NOL 2 G e N -y/ [QL 6#241 k / VXG / k 5Z6‹2 GZN3LO[ykUTXf 2 G e€c ¯ 5 L‡KMG /1„+c ¯ 5 L‡KQG /12 G‹[jT0L~f—[^GZN /—­ N~KML /1 T 5 YKQG 2 ]b[jP4k 1 [^]>N -0/ h KMP¹K 5X2 ¯ÂŸŠKQT[jG€} -U2 f - [^g / G 1 NOL 2 G e^1 fKQG / GUk „$,.-0/ f[jGUk 2 N 2 [jGN - KNŠN -0/˜\_ ” ,ª1O6 YY / N3L 2W/1 K 5 [| / 5ƒ/ gUL /1O/ L3| / k`L /a T 2 L /1 N - KMNDN -y/\1 T 5 Y€KMG 2 ]b[jP4k 1 KML / žAK e L‡KQG e^2 KQG 2 G`N -0/ { ¯HY[yk / P¢lMKQGUk - [jPW[jY[QL3g -U2 f 2 GÊN -y/#˜ ¯HY [yk / P¢lAL /1 g / fN 2 | / P 6Z„ zdg / G 1 NOL 2 G e KQYgUP 2 NiTUk /1 KL / k / VXG / k 2 GÊ}\K 6132 Y 2 P¹KL–N3[ fPW[ 13/ k 1 N3L 2 G ej1¼ Y

} -y/ L / ‡‰ˆÇ

Á

È

Thg R

Thg R p W v ¼ ò

Ä

T L ]R L B ² ´ µ]Ä Å ·GÆ ¸ Æ ² º ‘ L ¾» ½ ¹ ¿ –ž˜rš7›?– a{œ ¹d

ì

p r^„Wr^„ t v

241 N -y/ Y [ykUTUP 2S1 g‰K^f / [^] e^/ G7T 1G‹_2W/ Y€KQGUG 1 T0L3]¿KQf /1 } 2 N - H - [jP /1„ (
}ɾ%Ê
ŒÌË Í
}‹Q
sÎ 
S*

h [^G 2 ]b[jP4k 241 KPW[0fKQPAKgUgUL3[ ­02 Y€KMN 2 [jG¾N3[€N -0/ Y[ 1 N~N 6 g 2 fKQP 132 G e T0P¹KML 2 N 6 [Q]K h KQP¹K 5X2 ¯ÂŸŠKQT¨Y€KMG 2 ]b[jP4k „ ,.-y/ f[jG 2 ]b[jP4k 1i2 G e TUP¹KML 2 N 6 fKQG 5ƒ/.1 Y[7[^N -0/ k 2 G[jG / [^]XN -y/ N }Š[–k 241 N 2 GXfN@}\K 6y1„ z)G /\241 k / ]b[QLiY€KMN 2 [jG KQGUk‹N -0/ [^N -0/ L 241 L /1 [^P4T0N 2 [jG „ p ” // V e TyL /€r^„èçU„ v FHG ,r ++^Ú l>œ)[^g‰KMx7TUY€KMLKQGUk§ KM]¿K#gUL3[^g‰[ 1O/ kN - KMN:[^g / GN3[Qgƒ[jPW[ ej2 fKQP 1 N3L 2 G e N -0/ [^L 6 [jGÊN -0/ L / ¯

r^r

º c ¯ 5 LiKQG /1 [jG ã Ä

ãæ

(b)

(c)

ãæ

ãÄ

ãæ

ãÄ

(a)

ãæ

ãÄ R 2We T0L /¨r^„èçU¼),.-y/1i2 G e TUP¹KML:f[jG 2 ]b[jP4k eQ/ [^Y / N3L 6 p K v fKQG 5ƒ/ k / ]b[^LiY / k(NO[ IÏ ã Ä p 5 v „:¦/ }LiKMg º c ¯ 5 L‡KQG /1 [jGã ÄÑÐ  Ï ã Ä l™[ 5 N‡K 2 G 2 G e KÒ0 p º ì v h 0- / L3Gy¯«” 2 Y[jG 1 N -0/ [^L 6 [jGã Ä „,.-y/ f[jG 2 ]b[jP4kfKQG KQP 1 [ 5ƒ/ L /1 [jPW| / kNO[¼Ó p J r vÔ Ó p J r Öv Õ ØÃ × p f v „$,\-U241%241 N -0/de^/ [jY / N3L 6 [jG€} -U2 f - f—PW[ 1O/ k 1 NOL 2 G e N -y/ [QL 6#241 k / VXG / k „ 1 [jPW| / k€f—[^G 2 ]b[jP4k 241 kUTUKQPXN3[ f—PW[ 1O/ kN3[^gƒ[^PW[ ej2 fKQP 1 NOL 2 G e N -y/ [QL 6 [^G€N -y/ k / ]b[^L3Y / k®f[jG 2 ]b[jP4k - o .¢„ qJ[^L / gUL / f 241O/ P 6 l‰[jG / f[jG 132 k / L 1º f[ 2 GXf 2 k / GZN c ¯ 5 L‡KQG /1 }L‡KgUg 2 G e ã Ä [^]+N -y/ k / ]b[^LiY / k(f—[^G 2 ]b[jP4k „d,.-0/ [^g / G 1 N3L 2 G e N -0/ [^L 6 P 2 | 2 G e [jGN -y/1O/¾c ¯ 5 L‡KQG /1 }\K 1Œ13- [}GN3[(L / kUTXf / N3[:0 p º v h -0/ L3Gy¯«” 2 Y[jG 1 e KQT e^/ N -y/ [QL 6 [jG¨ã Ä - oâ .¢„+,.-y/ k 2 fN 2 [jGXKML 6€241\1 TXf - N - KN\N -0/ ¡ N…~[7[Q]bN\gXKML‡KQY / N / L Oº241%2 k / GZN 2 V / k } 2 N - N -0/ f[jYgXP /—­02 V / k¾‰ K à - P / LY[ykUT0P4T 1 W ¼ Oº ò



p r^„ m „Wr v

W=

,\-0/ g‰KML3N 2 N 2 [jG#]ˆTUGXfN 2 [^G¾[Q]DN -0/ 0 p º v h -0/ LiGy¯«” 2 Y[jG 1 N -0/ [^L 6 KMNP / | / P À 42 1\ej2 | / G 576 ÙÖÚ ¨

pº

BÀ—B 0

p º vOv†ò p À:í ºr ]v ÛÜ æ

m 31 2 àG À:ß[á í »,º â ÝÞ e ¸

=

p r^„ m „ mjv

rm … / L / m ßäã ä p Àí º v ò \241 N -y/`1 N3L 2 G e f[jT0gUP 2 G e f[jG 1 N‡KMGZNlXKQG0k¨N -0/ g0L3[ykUTUf—N 241 [| / LN -0/ gƒ[ 1i2 N 2 | / L3[Z[^N 1 [^])ãC0 p º v Ð 0 p º v l$} -U2 f - KML /‹ej2 | / G 576 á 4 6 ò D 4 J D 6%å Ã Û pçæ h KML3NiKQG 1 T 5 KMP e^/5 L‡K v ì ]b[^L ã$è5é „ â ò p r ä mjvê ÝQÞ e á òëê 4Û d ì p Û æU J ã v D 4 241 N -0/Œ¦/6 P@| / fN3[^L „ œ)[^gXKMxyTUY€KLKQG0ks§ KM]¿K 13- [} / k‹N - KMNN -U241 fKQG 5ƒ/ L / }L 2 N3N / G¨K 1 Ù

ò

p v

2 {ì D L“íjïhî ðoñ ïò3ó õ ïXïVö7÷ô =

p r^„ m „èç v

… / L / 2 3p ì +v òùø 6b d ì p r J ì 6 v 6 241 xyGy[}~GJK 1 N -0/ q(fq(K - [^G‹]ˆTUGXfN 2 [jG™lUKQG0k - ú . ò ì¾û Ü æ J ì L û Ü æ,B ì ò D L T]ü „šaƒ„ p rQ„ m „èç v 241 gUL / f 241O/ P 6 N -0/ g‰KMLON 2 N 2 [^G‹]ˆTUGXfN 2 [jG¾[^]>N -0/ L /1 [jPW| / k¾f[jG 2 ]b[jP4k „ ,\-0/ L / KML /:e^/ G / L‡KMP 2 •uKN 2 [jG 1 [^]>N -0/ N3[^gƒ[^PW[ ej2 fKQP 1 N3L 2 G e P¹KML e^/º kUTXKMP 2 N 6 NO[ { ¯HY[yk / P 1 [jG¾[QN -0/ L e^/ [jY / NOL 2W/1 KMGUkJKQP 1 [NO[ ˜ ¯HY[7k / P 1„

rç

Å 

µ ³ÊÉ ´ Æ ´ÿþ  ² 

ý

É É³ 

É ´ÿ
'µ ³: ÆÈÇ

FHGN -0/ P¹KML e^/º kUTXKMP 2 N 2W/1–2 GsNO[^gƒ[jPW[ e^2 fKMP 1 NOL 2 G e N -0/ [^L 6 l’N -0/1 NOL 2 G e f[jT0gXP 2 G e f[jG 1 NiKQGZN )241 N -0/ 1 KQY / ]b[^L 5 [^N - [^g / G#KQG0k‹f—PW[ 1O/ k 1 N3L 2 G e132 k /1 l7KQGUkN -0/ ¡ N\…[7[^]bN%f[jTygXP 2 G ej1 [^]SN -0/ [^g / G 1 N3L 2 G e KML / 2 k / GZN 2 V / k} 2 N -e^/ [jY / N3L 2 f\Y [ykUTUP 2 [^][^]UN -0/ N‡KL e^/ N 1 g‰K^f / l 2 N 241 T 1O/ ]ˆT0P7NO[–k /1 f—L 2W5ƒ/ N -0/ }%[^L3P4k 13-0// N 576 N -0/ P 2 G / KML 132We Y€K€Y[7k / P „,\-0/ }Š[^LiP4k 13-0// NdN -y/ [QL 6 f—[^G 13241 N 1 [^]+]b[^T0L–f -02 L‡KQP 1 T0g / LOV / P4k ?1 > ì B > æ B > Ä B > ð

rut

} 2 N - f - KML e^/1\ej2 | / G 576 

ò pr Br BJ r BJ rvB

p m „Wr^„Wr v

KQGUk¤K e KQT eQ/ YŒTUPWN 2 gXP / Nf—[^T0gXP / kÊN3[ „ R0[jP4PW[} 2 G e - Úo. lA} / L / KML3LiKQG e^/ N -0/€e KQT eQ/ YŒTUPWN 2 gXP / N 2 GZN3[ KN } 241 N / k(f -U2 L‡KMP>YŒTUPWN 2 gXP / N@ „.¦¸-0/ G W 241 G0[jGy¯¢• / L3[Xl‰N -0/ L /Œ241 Kgƒ[^N / GZN 2 KQP™]b[^LdN -0/Œ1 fKMP¹KML~V / P4kBA$l } -02 f -241 N -0/ PW[} /1 Nf[jY gƒ[jG / GZN+[^]
@ÀKQGUkN -0/ P 2 G / KML 1i2We Y€KY[yk / PfU[} 1 NO[:N -0/ G0[jG7¯HP 2 G / KML 132We YK Y[yk / P™} 2 N - N -0/ L /1 [^PW| / k f—[^G 2 ]b[jP4kJK 1 N -0/ N‡KML e^/ N 1 g‰K^f /j„ FHG N -U241 k /1 fL 2 gUN 2 [jG™lUN -0/132 G e TUP¹KML 2 N 6 KMN W ò¸n 241 f - KML‡K^fN / L 2 • / k 5Z6 N -0/ ]¿K^fN.N - KMN.N -0/ gƒ[QN / GZN 2 KMPS]b[^C L Ask 241 KMgUg / KML 1~2 G‹N -0/ P 2 Y 2 NKQGUk 2 N~fKQG 5ƒ/ f[jY /#2 GUk / VXG 2 N / P 6 P¹KML e^/ } 2 N - [jTyN f[ 1 N 2 G e N -0/ }Š[^LiP4k 1i-y// NŒK^fN 2 [jG  K G / } G0[jG7¯£f—[^Yg‰K^fN KMGUk G0[jG7¯ e^/ [jY / N3L 2 f–g - K 1O// Y / L e^/1 [jGJN -0/ }Š[^LiP4k 13-0// N - oÚ .¢„d,\-0/Œ2 k / K[^]+N -0/ k / L 2 |MKMN 2 [jG¨[Q]+N -0/ P¹KML e^/ º kUTXKMP 2 N 6 l‰KQky|^[0fKMN / k 2 G - o . KQGUk a TXKQGZN 2 V / k 2 G - ­t . l 241 NO[®L /e KMLikJk0[^Y€K 2 G 1~2 G¨N -U241 G / }g - K 1O/ K 1 - [jP /1 [jG¾N -y/ }Š[^LiP4k 1i-y// NlUKMGUk¨g - K 1O/:5 [jTUGUkUKML 2W/1 K 1 L / gUL /1O/ GZN 2 G ec ¯ 5 L‡KQG /1„ ,\-0/ k / L 2 |MKMN 2 [^G¨[^] - t¾. fKQG 5ƒ/ 1 NOL / KQYP 2 G / k 576 T 132 G e N -0/ Y 2 LOL3[^L~[^]$N -0/ P 2 G / KML 132We Y€K€Y [yk / P¢l } -02 f -241 ]b[jT0GUk 576 g / L3]b[QLiY 2 G e N -0/  ¯HkUTXKQPXNOL‡KQG 1 ]b[^L3Y€KMN 2 [jG [jGg - K 1O/ LO[^N‡KN 2 [jG 1 [^] > 6 ljx // g 2 G e @ K 1 K 1 g / fN‡KN3[^L - rQr/.¢„,\-0/  ¯HkUTXKQPS[Q] > 6 KL / N } 241 N / k¨f -U2 LiKQP 1 Tyg / L3V / P4k 1D 6 } 2 N - g / L 2 [yk 2 f 2 N 6ED 6 9 D 6 í m „ h [jY 5X2 G / k} 2 N - @l^N -y/ Y 2 LOL3[^L 241 K`žAKQGUkUKQTy¯«œ 2 G0• 5 TyL e Y[yk / PX} 2 N - N -0/d1 T0g / L3g‰[^N / GZN 2 KQP ßäã F e^2 | / G 5Z6 F

ò @ pD ì í D æ

J D

Ä

ð

v

J D EJ W J c

ð

6d ì

D LHGJI =

p m „Wr^„ mjv

[QN / N - KMNl i1 2 GUf / N -0/ [^L 2We^2 GXKQP@Y [yk / P 241 { ¢¯ N } 241 N / k™l’N -0/ Y 2 L3LO[^L:žAKQGUkUKQTy¯«œ 2 G0• 5 TyL e Y[yk / P 241:˜ ¯ N } 241 N / k „ F¢N 42 1/ K 136 N3[Jf -0/ fix N - KMNl’} -0/ G W 42 1 G0[QN /a TXKQPDN3[¾• / LO[‰lN -0/132We Y€KŒY[yk / P’]b[^L.N -0/ f[jG 2 ]b[^P4k „ { N W ò¸n lyN -0/1 T0g / LOgƒ[^N / GZN 2 KQP’L / YK 2 G 1 XKMN]b[^L ì ò K æ ò°J WP [ e A í B K Ä ò K ðò°J WP [ e A K

ßäã

B

p m „Wr^„èç v

} 2 N - A 5ƒ/2 G e KML 5U2 N3L‡KL 6j„ … / L / K 4 241 N -0/ PW[} /1 N~f[jYg‰[jG / GZN 1 fKQP¹KML.V / P4k 2 G D 4 „ RU[jP4PW[} 2 G e - t­. lU} / ì fKQP4P’N -U241 ‰KN~k 2 L / fN 2 [jG‹N -0/  g - K 1O/Z„ FHG - t¾. l 2 N–}.K 1 KML e T / kN - KMN:N -0/. g - K 1O/€241 k /1 fL 2W5ƒ/ k 576 K¨žAKQGUkXKQT7¯«œ 2 G0• 5 T0L e Y[7k / P$]b[^LK 132 G e P / |MKML 2 K 5 P / Ž } 2 N - KQG /»ƒ/ fN 2 | /:1 T0g / LOgƒ[^N / GjN 2 KQP W

= F OMLL ò±J Ž

p m „Wr^„ ê v

F¢N 241Œ1 N3L‡K 2Wej- N3]b[QL3}.KLikN3[k / L 2 | / N -U241 ]bL3[jY N -y/¨˜ ¯HY [yk / P „ ¦¸-0/ GNA 241 P¹KML e^/ l@N -0/ g‰[^N / GZN 2 KQP ]b[^L D 4 5‰/ f[jY /1)1 N // gÊKQGUk } / fKMG 2 GZN /e L‡KMN / N -0/ Y [jTyN–T 1i2 G e N -0/ œ–KQT 1i132 KQGsKMgUg0L3[ ­02 YKMN 2 [jG „ ” 2 GXf / N -y/ Y 2 L3LO[^Ldž>KMGUkXKQTy¯«œ 2 G0• 5 T0L e Y [yk / P 241)˜ ¯¢N£} 241 N / k™l 2 N 241~1 TPO®f 2W/ GZNN3[#f[jG 132 k / L)KMG 2 GZN /e L‡KQPS[| / L f[jG 1 N‡KMGZNY€KMg 1 l r æ /—­ g p W @ v = ì p m „Wr^„ ojv ²RQ D Q D æ Q D Ä Q D ð /—­ g p J F v 9 @ ., -y/ g0L / ¯¢]¿K^fN3[^L r ä @ æ ^e 2 | /1 KGy[jGy¯£fKQG0[jG 2 fKMPƒY / K 1 T0L / ]b[^LS@ „>¦/ fKQG#K 5X1 [^L 5#2 N 576 f - KMG ej2 G e N -0/ ì |MKML 2 K 5 P / @ Õ Ž ò @ L €„ ,\-U241–ej2 | /1 N -0//»¦¤/~- K| / G0[^N 6Q/ N 13- [}~G [jG} -02 f -c ¯ 5 L‡KMG /1 [Qg / G 1 N3L 2 G ej1 KML // G0k 2 G e‰„ { ff[^L3k 2 G e N3[ N -y/ f[jG ‘ / fNiTyL /d2 G - o . lZN -0/c ¯ 5 LiKQG /1Š13- [^TUP4k 5ƒ/ }.L‡KMg0g 2 G e N -0/d5 K 13/ ã Ä [^] 4 V / P4k 1@2 GN -0/\132We Y€KdY[7k / P 5ƒ/ f[jY / Y€K 13132 | /j„D,\- T 1 l > 4 Õ n K 1 } / KMgUg0L3[ZK^f - N -y / •O- [jP —/ – [jG N -y/ f—PW[ 1O/ k 1 NOL 2 G e }%[^L3P4k 13-0// NljKMGUk 2 N 241 L3[^T ej- P 6 } -y/ L / N -0/5 K 1O/ ã Ä 241 PW[0fKMN / k „@_./ gUL3[yk0TXf 2 G e N -0/ gUL / f 241O/:5 [jTUGUkXKL 6 f[jGUk 2 N 2 [jG‹]b[^L c ¯ 5 LiKQG /1 }LiKMgUg 2 G e ã Ä  ]b[^L /—­ KMYgXP / lUk / L 2 | 2 G e N -y / ~/ TUY€KMGUG 5 [jT0GUkXKML 6 f—[^GUk 2 N 2 [^GJKMPW[jG e ã )Ä ˜ 241 k 2 O€fT0PWN 2 G¨N -U241 KMgUgULO[ZK^f -¨132 GXf / N -0/ P 2 G / KL 1i2We Y€K Y[yk / P™k0[ /1 G0[^Nk /1 f—L 2W5ƒ/ N -0/:e^/ [jY / N3L 6 [^]>N -y/ k / ]b[QLiY / k¨f[jG 2 ]b[jP4k#} 2 N - VXG 2 N / ã Ä „ { WP N - [jT ej- L / gUL3[yk0TXf 2 G e Kg0L / f 2413/5 [^TUGUkXKML 6 f[jGUk 2 N 2 [jG:]b[QL / K^f -`c ¯ 5 L‡KQG / Y€K 65ƒ/ k 2 O®f—TUPWNl[jG / Y€K 6 K 1 x 2 ]>} / fKQG¨k 241 N 2 G e T 2413- k 2W»=>=?B ê } 2 N - N£}%[ 1O/ N 1 [^]@f - KML e^/1 l  

ì ò p Jm B r B r B n B nZv B æ ò p Jm B n B n B r B r v B

p m „Wr^„èÚ v

KQGUkN }Š[ e KMT e^/ YTUPWN 2 gXP / N 1 f—[^T0gXP / k N3[N -0/13/ f - KML e^/1„ ” 2 GXf /1 ì J  æ ò p n B r B r B J r B J r v l 1 [jPW| 2 G e N -y/~c N / LiY f[jG 1 NOL‡K 2 GjN+KQGUk k 2 | 2 k 2 G e5Z6 N -0/ 0 p r v e KQT e^/.1O6 YY / N3L 6 f—[^T0gXP / kŒN3[N -U241 f—[^Y 5X2 GXKMN 2 [jG

^m m [^]Šf - KML e^/1 L / kUTXf /1©¨ ì B„=>=?=>B ¨ ð N3[#N -0/ L /1 [^PW| / ksf[jG 2 ]b[jP4k „ HF GsN -0/ f[jG /ª ì è n B ª ì J ª æ è n l 132 GXf / ¨ e ò¸ « n lj} / fKMG#T 13/ N -0/ L / Y€K 2 G 2 G e  ì e KQT eQ/)136 YY / N3L 6 3N [V ­ N -0/ g - K 1O/ [^] ¨ e „+,\-U241 P / K| /1 [jTyN K L /132 kUTUKQP åæ e KQT e^/:136 YY / N3L 6 K^fN 2 G e K 1 p ¨ e B ¨ ì B ¨ æ B ¨ Ä B ¨ ðvÕ p ¨ e B J ¨ ì B J ¨ æ B ¨ Ä B ¨ ðv =

p m „Wr^„A+ v

,.- T 1 } / VUGUk¨N -0/ åæ a T0[^N 2W/ GjN.[^]>N -y/ L /1 [^PW| / k¨f[jG 2 ]b[jP4k¾K 1 N -0/ N‡KML e^/ N 1 g‰K^f /j„ { )1 2 GJN -0/ gUL / | 2 [jT 1d1 T 5X1O/ fN 2 [jGSl‰} / L / KMLOL‡KQG e^/ N -0/`e KQT eQ/ YŒTUPWN 2 gUP / N 1d2 GjN3[®N£} 241 N / k f -02 L‡KQP 1 Ty¯ g / L3V / P4k 1 l¬@ ì KQGUk­@ æ l^KQGUkg / L3]b[^L3Y N -y/  ¯HkUTUKQPyNOL‡KQG 1 ]b[^L3Y€KMN 2 [jGKQPW[jG e g - K 1O/ L3[^NiKMN 2 [^G 1 [^]XN -0/ VU| / f -U2 L‡KMP 1 T0g / LOV / P4k 1 NO[ŒKML3L 2 | / KN N -0/)˜ ¯¢N } 241 N / k®žAKQGUkUKQTy¯«œ 2 G0• 5 TyL e Y[yk / PX} 2 N - N -0/d1 T0g / L3g‰[^N / GZN 2 KQP F

ò @ ì p Jm D e í D ì í D æ

J W

ì v í @ æ p Jm D e í D í D &ð J W æ v Ä

p m „4r^„Wr nZv

J c ® D LHG¯ B 4 dfe

} -y/ L / N -0/ N }Š[€‰K à - P / LY[7kUTUP 2 l W ì KQGUk W æ lUKML / P 2 G / KML3P 6 f—[^T0gXP / k‹N3[N -0/:e KQT e^/ YŒTUPWN 2 gXP / N 1„

VXGUk

ž / NT 1/—­ KQY 2 G / } -0/ G¤N -U241`1 T0g / L3gƒ[QN / GZN 2 KMP - K 1 X KMNŒk 2 L / f—N 2 [jG 1„ ”Z[jPW| 2 G e PW[ e p m A ì í m A æ v B ò J PW[ e p J A ì v B K æ ± ò J PW[ e p J A æ v = K ð±



F

ä  K 4 ò©n lD} /

ò J Ke ± K

ìò

K

Äò

p m „4r^„Wr^r v

mç ˜Š6‹1 T 5U1 N 2 NiT0N 2 G e N -U2412 GZNO[N -0/ L / Y€K 2 G 2 G e/a TXKMN 2 [jG 1 l 

F

A  

ò°Jm K e í

K

í

ì W KU J 

ò¸n p ò r B mjv B

p m „4r^„Wr mjv

} / VXGUk DŽ ñ D Ž÷

æ A æ í ò ê.°Ar A Xì ± æ A ì í ò ê °r Aæ± =

B

p m „4r^„Wrç v

” 2 GXf /:5 [^N - W ì MK GUk W æ k / g / G0k¨[jGUP 6 [jG‹N -0/ LiKMN 2 [ A ì ä A æ l0N -0241~241 gƒ[ 13132W5 P / [jGUP 6#2 ]DN -y/6#1 KN 241 ] 6 N -0/ L / P¹KMN 2 [jG ² p m „4r^„Wr—ê v ò râ p D L Ž ñ J D L Ž ÷ v æ J Ú p D L Ž ñ í D L Ž ÷ v í r ò¸n B } 0- 2 f -‹241 [ 5 N‡K 2 G / k 576®/ P 2 Y 2 GXKMN 2 G e ² A ì ä A æ ]bL3[^Y N -0/ N£}%[ /a TUKMN 2 [jG 1.2 G p m „Wr^„Wrç v „$,.-y/:1 T 5X1 g‰K^f / [^] N -y/ ‰K à - ² P / L\Y[yk0TUP 2B ) J r v „d¦/ }Š[jTUP4k(P 2 x / NO[ 1O//Œ- [} N -0/6 KML /Œ2 k / GZN 2 V / k } 2 N -) k 2W»ƒ/ L / GZN  g - K 13/12 G¾N -0/ fPW[ 13/ k 1 NOL 2 G e kUTUKQP „ ,\-0/ }%[^L3P4k 13-0// N[Q]\N -0/ fPW[ 13/ k 1 N3L 2 G e [jGÊN -0/ å™é a T0[^N 2W/ GZN:[^]%N -0/ L /1 [jPW| / kÊf—[^G 2 ]b[jP4kfKMG 5ƒ/ k /1 fL 2W5ƒ/ k 576 N -0/ P 2 G / KML 132We YK#Y[yk / P@} 2 N - p ) í ç v f -U2 LiKQP@V / P4k 1 > e B > ì B„=>=?=>B > é UXæ f—[^T0gXP / ksN3[ )

m+

e KQT e^/ V / P4k 1 } 2 N - N -0/ ]b[jP4PW[u} 2 G e f - KML eQ/ | / f—NO[^L 1 - oç .¢¼ > ìB > æB

> eB

 e  6  éL

ò p ò p

ì ò p

J

> ÄB

> ð B > B =„=,=„B > ð U 6 B ,» »,» B > é UXæ ®

rB rB J rB J rB nB B n B nB nB nB é rB rB nB nB nB

nB pé í r v B

J ) B ) J

=„=,=„B =„=,=„B =„=,=„B

nB rB nB

=„=„=,B =„=„=,B =„=„=,B

njv B njv B njv B

p m „4r^„ m^mjv

} y- / L / é ò r B »,»„» B ) Jùm „ ž / N)T 1)13- [} N - KMNdN - KNdN -U241d2 GUk // k(k /1 fL 2W5‰/1 N -0/ å™é a Ty[^N 2W/ GZN~[^]$N -0/ L /1 [jPW| / k¾f—[^G 2 ]b[jP4k 2 G‹N -0/ f—[^G / l ªe

nB

ì nB è í r ì ªéL ª6 í é n pr è )

ªéL J

è

Ú é

Ú ) Jmjv =

p m „4r^„ m ç v

¦/ } L 2 N / 0 p r v  ]b[^L®N -0/ 0 p r v e^/ G / L‡KN / k 576}  lKQGUkùN -0/ f[^L3L /1 g‰[jGUk 2 G e¶c N / LiY 241í  ¼ ò ê 4   4^î ¨ 4^î æ J ª  pg ò r B,=>=>=?B ) J r v „ F¢] ª e n láï í e ò¸nÊð ä 0 p r v e k /1 fL 2W5ƒ/1 N -y/ L /1 [^PW| / k®f—[^G 2 ]b[jP4k „ è ì ì F¢] ª é L è n l í é L ò©n k0[ /1 G0[QN KQP4PW[} ¨ e N3[ |QKMG 2413-™„(,.- T 1 l@} / fKQGT 1O/ N -0/ 0 p r v é L ì e KQT eQ/ 1O6 YY / NOL 6 NO[€V ­ N -0/ g - K 1O/ [^] ¨ e „ ” 2 GUf /¨ e fKML3L 2W/1 p J ) v TUG 2 N 1 [^]  é L ì l0N -0/ L /241 K å™é L /132 kUTUKQP e KQT e^/1O6 YY / NOL 6 [^E] 0 p r v é L ì ej2 | / G 576 p ¨ e B ¨ ì B ¨ æ B ¨ ·Ä ñ 4 ñ é L ì vÕ p ¨ e B D L

ì

æ Ä é ìv=

÷óò ¯ ¨ B D ÷ óò ¯ ¨ B ¨ ^ñ 4 ñ L

p m „4r^„ m ê v

çn 6U ì ì í 6 6 p zdN -0/ L e KQT e^/Œe LO[jT0g 1 0 r v ñ ñ é L æ KL / f[jYgUP / N / P 6 V ­y/ k 2 ] J ª é ª é L ì è n 132 GXf / n®ò í 6 J 6U ì 6 éU ì 6U ì 6U ì ì ì æ % æ í æ í 6 6 L é í é L ò “ é ” î ¨ î J é î ¨ æ î î ¨ ð U î J ª é ª é L ì L /a T 2 L /1 ¨ ð U 6 NO[ 5ƒ/ G0[jG7¯¢• / LO[ „ ,.- T 1 lD} / [ 5 N‡K 2 GÊN -0/ å™é a T0[QN 2W/ GZN[^].N -0/ L /1 [^PW| / k¤f—[^G 2 ]b[jP4k¤K 1 K 1 g‰KQf / [^] 1 [jP4T0N 2 [jG 1 NO[(N -0/‹c N / L3Y©f[jG 1 NOL‡K 2 GjN 1 T0g¨N3[ e KQT e^/ NOL‡KQG 1 ]b[^L3Y€KMN 2 [jG 1„ ,\-0/ Y 2 L3LO[^L~žAKQG0kXKQTy¯«œ 2 Gy• 5 T0L e Y[yk / P - K 1 N -0/1 Tyg / L3gƒ[^N / GZN 2 KQP F

ò

@ e D
k 2 L / f—N 2 [jG 1 [^]yN -0/ g‰[^N / GZN 2 KQP „ ”Z[jPW| 2 G e p ã ò¸n B„=„=„=,B ) í mjv e^2 | /1 éi L ì í B K e ò J PW[ e c 6 ì p é r v A 6 k d ì é L ì i B K ò J PW[ e J A e J c 6 ì é A 6 k d ì B K æ ò J PW[ e p J A e J A é v K

J W6 @

ò

J J

PW[ e A e B PW[ e A e B PW[ e p J A 4 v B p ã ò r B„=,=„=,B ) ÀJ mjv =

ò n B,=„=„=,B ) J r v e^2 | /1Ì) L / P¹KMN 2 [jG 1 [^]DN -0/ ]b[^LiY ä  A  ò¸n p  "

p m „4r^„ m â v

çUr DŽÐô DŽäõ DŽ ó ñ ó

A eæ ì í L vpA e í rvA 6v ê 6 A 6

B ò pA e í A é 6 ê ì6 A v é ¹U B p J ê 6 p ò A p A e íé v¹ ¹ é í p A 4vé r Jê 6 p v ò pA e í A é ì v pAée í ê 6 A 6 vé L ì B L é

p m „4r^„ m t v

} y- / L / À ò r B„=,=„=,B ) J¾m „¾ [^N / N - KMN+N -y/ L 2We^- NO¯ - KMGUk 1i2 k /1 KML / ]ˆT0GXfN 2 [jG 1 [^]ƒN -0/ L‡KMN 2 [ 1 [^]»A 1„ ” 2 GXf / N -y/ L / KML /) L / P¹KMN 2 [jG 1 ]b[^L p ) J r v |MKML 2 K 5 P /1 lQN -0/ L /)241 G0[ 1 [jP4T0N 2 [jG]b[^L e^/ G / L 2 f.|MKQP4T /1 [^] W KQG0k®N - T 1 G0S[ ‰KN`k 2 L / fN 2 [^GÊ]b[^L F „#,.-0/®132 G e TUP¹KMLPW[yfT 1 l™} -y/ L / K1XKMN`k 2 L / fN 2 [jG / Y / L e^/1 l 241 k / N / LiY 2 G / k 576¨/ P 2 Y 2 GXKMN 2 G e A ì ä A e B„=„=„=¾B A é L ì ä A e ]bL3[jY©N -y/1O/$)(/a TXKMN 2 [^G 1„,\-0/ KQGXKQP 671i241 [^] / K^f - [^]  g - K 1O/ fKQG 5‰/ ky[jG / K 1–2 GsN -y/ åæ fK 13/j„ RU[^L /—­ KQY gXP / l 132 GXf / / K^f Ñ-  g - K 1O/241 f[jYgXP /—­¶r ¯Hk 2 Y / G 132 [jGXKQP g‰KMLiKQY / N3L 2 • / k 576 N -0/1 fKQP 2 G e [^…] A 1 lXN -0/ ]ˆTUGXfN 2 [jGXKQP 2 GZN /e LiKQPS[| / (L A 2 G¨N -0/ NOL‡KQG 1 | / L 1O/ k 2 L / fN 2 [^G 2 Ygƒ[ 13/1 p ) J r v P 2 G / KML@f[jG 1 N3LiK 2 GZN 1 [^G p ) í ç v D |MKML 2 K 5 P /1 lP / K| 2 G e ]b[jT0L$P 2 G / KL$f[jY 5U2 GXKMN 2 [^G 1 [Q] D ]bL //j„@,\-0/ ]ˆTUGXfN 2 [jGXKQP 2 GZN /e L‡KQP 1 [^]‰N -0/13/ ]b[^T0L$V / P4k 1 fKQG 5ƒ/ ky[jG /2 GŒN -y/ œ–KQT 13132 KQGKMgUg0L3[ ­02 YKMN 2 [jGSl ej2 | 2 G e L 241O/ N3[N -0/:/»ƒ/ fN 2 | / žAKQG0kXKQTy¯«œ 2 Gy• 5 T0L e Y [yk / PS} 2 N - N -y/®r ä Ž 1 Tyg / L3gƒ[^N / GZN 2 KQP „ , [:TUG0k / L 1 N‡KQG0k - [} ) k 2W»ƒ/ L / GZN  g - K 1O/1$/ Y / L e^/ l 2 N 241 T 1O/ ]ˆTUPyNO[:YKMx / N -0/ ]b[jP4PW[} 2 G e f - KQG eQ/ [^]>|MKML 2 K 5 P /1 l

D

ð ï ¼ ò°J D

ïD e ¼ ò D e í W é L ì B ) ì J D æ í D í D ð í We B Ä

æ ï ¼ ò±J )áD e í p ) J r v D ì í D æ J W é L ì B D ð ïU 6 ¼ ° ò J p é í r v D e í é D ì í D ð U 6 J W 6 B p m „4r^„ m Ú v D

çm

1 [N - KMN.N -0/1 T0g / LOgƒ[^N / GZN 2 KQP’N‡KMx /1 N -0/ ]b[^LiY F

éLæ ï í ì ï ô ìMø ï é r U ÷ é í í í ó ñ c 6 ò±J @ e D ð 6 ì @ D ð U 6 @ é L D æ J < D ó D LHGrô ö D LHG ñ D LHGr÷ ö L Grô ö L G ñ d í D LHGù í D LHG ú ö L æ G ÷ ö L é G ô Ur÷ é L æ ø G ñ U Gù U Ž ô í cé L æì D LHGúö û I U I ûó ñ Ž ó ñ L ÷ 6 U ìgø Gô ö U 6 G ñ L Ž I @ = p m „4r^„ m + v ó 6d

FHG¾N -0/ P 2 Y 2 N We Õ W

nB

é L ì Õ JÌ í rW ì é éL J ) B

W6 Õ

p m „4r^„èç nZv

JÌ B

N -y/`1 T0g / LOgƒ[^N / GjN 2 KQP 5‰/ f[jY /1 F

éLæ ï í ì ï ï í c ò J @ e D ð 6 ì @ 6 D ð U 6 @ é L D æ J < D LHG ñ í d í D LHG ù í D LHGrú ö L æ Gr÷ ö L é Grô ö Ur÷ é L æ ø G ñ U G ù @ =

é

é ìgø

D HL G ÷ ö L G ô ö Ur÷ L G ñ

p m „4r^„èçUr v

š$­ NOL / Y 2 • 2 G e F

^ç ç P / MK k 1 ON [ ) k 2W»=>=?B ) J r v 2 GZ|^[jPW| /1 N -0/ m ßäã ä )#13-U2 ]bNŠ[^] K e lZN -y/2 L - [jPW[^G0[jY 2W/1 TUG0k / L%N -y/ m ß g - K 13/ L3[^NiKMN 2 [^G [^] ¨ e k 2W»KMGUkXKQTy¯«œ 2 G0• 5 T0L e Y[yk / P0KQGUkYKMx 2 G e–1 [jY / f - KQG eQ/ [^]>|MKML 2 K 5 P /1 - r^r .¢„@¦/ } 2 P4P’N3[k 241 f—T 131 N -U241.2 G¾N -y/ G /­ N 1O/ f—N 2 [jG „ ǶˆÇ

Š ËäÊ

1Î –C
 (Î (
–

,.-y/ P¹KML e^/º k0TXKQP 2 N 6 ]bL3[jY N -0/ gƒ[ 2 GZN)[^]+| 2W/ } [Q]N -y/˜ ¯HY [yk / P - K 1 P / k(N3[#N -0/ k 241 f[| / L 6 ^[ ]+N -0/ L / P¹KMN 2 [jG 13-U2 g 5‰/ N£} // GŒN -0/1 g / fN3LiKQP0k / G 1i2 N 6 [^]ƒY€KMNOL 2½­ Y[yk / P 1 KQG0k h KMP¹K 5X2 ¯ÂŸŠKQT e^/ [jY / N3L 6j„ FHG N -0241 1O/ f—N 2 [jG™ly} / } 2 P4P e^2 | / K }%[QLiP4k 13-0// Nk / L 2 |MKMN 2 [jG#[^]>N -U241 KQGUk‹L / P¹KMN / k‹kUTXKQP 2 N 2W/1„ S!

ü

')ž0ž0+"ž%+=?B ) J r =


p m „ m „ ojv

., -y/132 G e TUP¹KL 2 N 2W/1 [^] N -0/eQ/ [^Y / N3L 6 KL / L /  / fN / k 2 GN -0/ }Š[^LiP4k 1i-y// NN -0/ [^L 6 K 1 N -0/ KgUg / KML‡KMGXf / [^]G / } G0[^Gy¯£f[jYg‰K^fN¨k 2 L / fN 2 [jG 1¾2 G¸N -0/¤1 g‰K^f / [^]`• / LO[Q¯ / G / L e^6 f[jG0V e T0L‡KMN 2 [jG 1„  KQY / P 6 l~N -0/ }%[QLiP4k 13-0// NN -0/ [^L 6 k / | / PW[Qg K1 ) G / * } XKMNk 2 L / fN 2 [jG 1 } -y/ L / ; l N -y/ PW[} /1 Nf[jYgƒ[^G / GZN[^] l 241 P¹KML e^/ } -U2 P / p ë ì B ë æ B B F v KML / V ­y/ k¾N3[N -0/ PW[0fKMN 2 [jG 1 [^]@f[jG 2 ]b[jP4k 132 G e TUP¹KML 2 N 2W/1„ 




¦/®1O// N - KMN gUP¹K 6y1 N -0/®1 KQY / L3[jP / K 1 N -0/ @ V / P4k™l>KQGUk  g - K 1O/1 fKMG 5ƒ/ k / VXG / kK 1 ‰KN k 2 L / fN 2 [jG 1 } -0/ L / ; 5ƒ/ f[jY /1 P¹KML e^/j„ùc)2W»} -02 f - gULO[ykUTXf /1 N -0/ Y / K 1 T0L / Q ; ä ; æ „s,.- T 1 l@N -0/‹/»ƒ/ f—N 2 | / žAKQGUkXKMTy¯«œ 2 G0• 5 T0L e Y[yk / P™[^] / KQf - [Q]$N -0/ g - K 1O/1d241 K e K 2 G¾} 2 N - N -0/#r ä Ž 1 Tyg / L3gƒ[^N / GZN 2 KQP „\,.-y/ f[ / O®f 2W/ GZN[^]@N -0/ 1 T0g / L3g‰[^N / GZN 2 KQP 241ej2 | / G 576 N -0/ ‰KMNŒf[7[QLik 2 GXKN / W Ô  pg òÁn B„=„=,=„B ) J r v l 132 GXf /€/ K^f -  g - K 1O/®241 K 131 [0f 2 KMN / k#} 2 N -¾13- L 2 G0x 2 G e [^]>[jG / [^] )(ç ¯£f 6 f—P /1„ FHGªN -0/ P¹KQG e TUK e^/ [^]–N -0/ g0L /1O/ GjN 1 T 5X1O/ f—N 2 [jG 2 N 241®/ K 1O6 N3[ e^/ G / LiKQP 2 • / N -y/ KQGUKQP 6y13241 [^]:N -0/ 132 G e TUP¹KL.PW[0f—T 1 KQGUk‹N -0/ g / L 2 [yk 1„ ž / NT 12 GjN3L3[7kUTXf / G / }"g‰KMLiKQY / N / L 1 Q e B Q ì B„=>=?=>B Q é L ì K 1 ]ˆTUGXfN 2 [jG 1 [^] W e B„=?=>=?B W é L ì 1 [N - KMN ‘ 241./—­ g0L /1313/ kJK 1 ì é L ‘ ò¸ë æì í ë æ í p D é „U P J r v p D P J r v í Q e í c Q 6 D 6 „U P = p m „ m „èâ v æ 6d ì





²

,.-y/ P 2 Y 2 N p m „ m „èç v 241/a T 2 |QKMP / GjNN3[ Q 6 Õ n ]b[^L é ò n B r B,=>=>=?B ) J r^„ ž / N–T 1–/ |QKMP4TXKMN / KMGUksN -0/ g / L 2 [7k 1 W Ô  2 G¤N -U241 P 2 Y 2 N „ ”7T0gUg‰[ 1O/ p B F v KML / G / KML p m ßäã  ä ) B nZv KQGUk¤}.L 2 N / p B F vò p m ßäã  ä ) í B F v „ { 131 TUY 2 G e N - KMN KQG0k F‹KML / [^]DN -0/ [^L3k / LKÓ p Q v ly} / fKQG /­ g‰KQGUk ‘ N3[N -0/`a TUKQk0L‡KN 2 f [^L3k / L 2 G¾N -0/ |MKML 2 KMN 2 [jG¾KMGUk¨VUGUk ì é L ‘ 9 ë æì í ë æ í p ) í F v F í Q e í c ì Q 6 p D ÷ óò ¯  v 6 p r í í F v = p m „m „t v æ é 6d



























h ^[ YgXP / N 2 G e N -0/ 13a TXKML /1 KMGUk / |QKMP4TXKMN 2 G e N -0/ f[jG 1 NiKQGZN)g 2W/ f /Œ2 G N -0/ P / KQk 2 G e [^Lik / LdgXT0N 1 ‘ ò n 2 G¾N -0/ ]b[^LiY ë æìAí ë ææ í ë Äæ í ë ðæ

J ½

ò¸n B

p m „ m „èÚ v

} 2N - ½ ò ê

ç^Ú ì 6 é6 dfL e Q 6 D ÷óò ¯  „+,.- T 1 l0} / fKQGJf - [Z[ 1O/ N -y/ X KMN~f[7[^Lik 2 GXKMN / W Ô K 1  é ì WÔ 9 c L Q 6 D ÷ ò ¯  6 = ó  6 dfe

p m „ m „A+ v ²

_./ g / KN 2 G e N -U241 ]b[^L\KMP4P  ò"n B r B„=?=>=>B ) J r lj} / VXGUk®N - KMNŠN -0/ k 241 fL 2 Y 2 GXKQGZN NO[N -0/ P / KMk 2 G e [QLik / L 2 G Q 241.ej2 | / G 576 ² ìé ì é L L 6 p m „ m „Wr nZv 9 W Ô e W Ô ì »„»,» W Ô é L ì 9 ¸ c Q 6 D ÷ óò ¯  ò k /g 6 N p Q 4 L 6 ¯Xœ é v = 6 4 

 dfe dfe

S 

§

¸



§

§ 



§ £



  Ç 

§



  Ç  

š131O/ GZN 2 KQP4P 6 N -y/`1 KQY / KQGXKMP 6y13241 KMgUgXP 2W/1 N3[N -0/:e^/ [jY / NOL 6 í ñ p Uë ðv+ò"n B ë æìAí ë ææ í ë Äæ íî ï p ëXðv æ ›

p m „ m „Wr^r v

} 0- 2 f -- K 1 5ƒ// G /—­ N / G 132 | / P 6¶1 N3TUk 2W/ k 2 GN -0/ f[jGZN /—­ NL / P¹KN / kÀN3[ e KQT e^/ N -y/ [QL 6 ( YKMN3L 2½­ Y[yk / P ì ì f[^L3L /1 g‰[jGUk / GXf / - m r.¢„ … / L / î p ë’vò û U ì ë û U í =>=?= KQGUk ñ KML / gƒ[^P 6 G0[jY 2 KMP 1 [^]Dk /e L //1 ú í r KMGUk ú J r lyL /1 g / fN 2 | / P 6j„@,.-0241 Y / KQG 1 N - KN î~ï p ëíñ û L ì p ë’v+ò ë æ û í =>=>= 241 KQG¨KML 5X2 NOL‡KML 6 gƒ[jP 6 Gy[jY 2 KQP [^]™k /e L // m ú } 2 N - K`TUG 2 N.f[ / O®f 2W/ GZN [^] ë æ û „+,\-0/ G0[jGy¯HP 2 G / KL 132We Y€KY [yk / Pƒ[^G®N -0/)e^/ [jY / N3L 6 fKQG 5ƒ/ L / KQP 2 • / k¾K 1 N -y/ F _ P 2 Y 2 N\[^]>N -0/ žAKQGUkXKMTy¯«œ 2 G0• 5 T0L e Y[yk / PN -0/ f[jG 2 ]b[jP4k#}.K 1.1 NiTUk 2W/ k 2 G - m ¾t .¢„,\-0/ Y€KQG 2 ]b[jP4k Ž 241.ej2 | / G 576 N -0/:5 PW[}T0g¾[^] 7

ë K ò Y é pD 

p çU„ n „Wr v

v

BDP B

} -y/ L / Y

é pD 

BDP

vò p D P J r v p D P U^é



J

rvB

p çU„ n „ mjv

KQGUk 576 N -y/se^/ G / LiKQP)KML e TUY / GZN 1€576ªc2 ‘ x e L‡K^K]KQG0kª§ KM]¿K - m r l m چ. l\N -0/s1 g / f—NOL‡KQP)f—T0L3| / [^]–N -0/ f[^L3L /1 g‰[jGUk 2 G e Y€KMNOL 2½­ Y [yk / P 13- [jT0P4k 5ƒ/ K‹f[jY gXP /—­ 1 N3LiTUf—N3T0L / k / ]b[^LiY€KN 2 [jG [Q]CY é ò n „ FHG - rt­. …)KMP4Y€K e^6y2 KQGUkŸŠK 1 G0[|]b[jTUGUk¶KQG /—­ gUL /13132 [jG]b[^LN -0/‹1 g / fN3LiKQP%f—T0LO| / [^].N -y/ Y€KMNOL 2½­ Y [yk / P ]b[^L h -y/ L3Gy¯«” 2 Y[^G 1 N -0/ [^L 6 [jG¸ã Ä äjå™é „ ,\-U241#2 GZ|^[jPW| / k›VUL 1 N 1i- [} 2 G e N - KMN#N -y/ Y€KMN3L 2½­ Y[yk / P - K 1 13a TXKML / L3[7[QN 5 L‡KMGXf - f—T0N 1 l$N -y/ L / ]b[^L /‹2 N 1 1 g / fN3LiKQP\f—T0L3| /¾- K 1 [jGUP 6 N£}%[ 13-0// N 1„,\-U241 P / kN3[ÊKQG /—­ gXP 2 f 2 N /­ gUL /13132 [jGs]b[^L–N -0/ L /1 [jPW| / GjNlSk / g / GUk 2 G e [jG ) J r g‰KMLiKQY / N / L 1 Q 4 l™} -U2 f -2 GgUL 2 GXf 2 gXP / f[jTUP4k 5‰/ ]b[jTUGUk g / L3N3T0L 5 KMN 2 | / P 6¾576 g / L3]b[^L3Y 2 G e N -y/ ¯£f 6 f—P /Œ2 GjN /e L‡KMP 1„d,\-0/ 1 g / fN3LiKQP@f—T0LO| / fKQG 5ƒ/ L / KMk#[ » ]bL3[jY'N -y/ L /1 [jPW| / GjN\KQGUk‹N -0/ Q 4 f—[QL3L /1 gƒ[jG0k#N3[f—[^YgXP /—­®1 N3L3TXfNiT0L / Y[7kUTUP 2¢„$,.-U241 } 2 P4P 5ƒ/ L / | 2W/ } / k 2 G 1O/ f—N 2 [jG çU„Wr^„ 9'

HF G 13/ fN 2 [^G çU„ m } / T 1O/ N3[^L 2 f e^/ [jY / N3L 6 N3[¨f[jG 1 NOLiTXfN–K®L /1 [jP4T0N 2 [jGJ[^]N -0/ å™é ¯ a Ty[^N 2W/ GZN)[^]+N -0/ ì L /1 [jPW| / kf[jG 2 ]b[^P4k „`,\-U241–241 K#gXKML3N 2 fT0P¹KML é L ì V 5 L‡KMN 2 [jGs[| / L`Ã}× „,.-y/ GT 132 G e N -0/ …[^L 2 ¯¢§ K]¿K Y 2 LOL3[^LY€Kg€} / fKQG}.L 2 N / ky[}~GN -0/ Y 2 L3LO[^L e^/ [jY / NOL 6 KQGUkVUGUkN - KN%K]bN / LŠK 1 T 2 N‡K 5 P / f[7[QLik 2 GXKN / '

êZç L / k / VXG 2 N 2 [jG™lyN -y/ Gy[jGZN3L 2 | 2 KQP _2W/ Y€KQGUG 1 T0LO]¿K^f /`2 G 1i2 k / N -0241dç ¯¢]b[jP4k 241 g0L / f 2413/ P 6 N -y/`1 g / fN3LiKQPAf—T0L3| / ]b[jTUG0k 2 G - rut­.¢„‹,.-0241/­ gXP 2 f 2 NiP 6(2 k / GZN 2 V /1 N -y/ P¹KML e^/®º kUTXKQP[Q]  Ï p ã Ä äjå™é v ]b[QLKQP4P ) rQ„‹,.-0/ Y€KMNif -U2 G e [^]%N -0/€eQ/ [^Y / N3L 2W/1 gUL3[| /1 N -0/€/a T 2 |MKQP / GXf / [^]%N -y/ P / KQk 2 G e [^Lik / L p 2 G  v ]bL /// G / L e^6 5ƒ/ N } // G¨N -0/ Y€KN3L 2½­ Y [yk / PDKQGUkJN -0/ { ¯HY[yk / P>fPW[ 13/ k 1 NOL 2 G e [jGJN -U241 gXKML3N 2 fT0P¹KML~V 5 LiKMN 2 [^G „~,.-0241 241 N -0/ VUL 1 N~f -y/ fix®[^]>N -U241 P¹KML e^/`º kUTXKQP 2 N 6 ]b[^L ) m „ ;:

N -0/ ]b[^L3Y 

p Ù vò

æ p é í Q é ì Ù é L ì í =?=>=í Q ì Ù í r v = L

p ç0„4r^„Wrut v

D LZ Ü Ù

,.-y/ ]ˆTUGXfN 2 [jG  p Ù v k / g / G0k 1 [jG ) J r Y [ykUTUP 2 Q û lŠ} -U2 f - f[jTUP4k 5ƒ/ ]b[jT0GUk 576À/ |MKQP4TXKMN 2 G e N -0/ g / L 2 [7k 2 GZN /e LiKQP 1 p çU„Wr^„Wrç v „ ” 2 GXf / } /:- K| / KQPWL / KQk 6 V ­y/ k‹N -0/:2 GjN /e L‡KMPƒ[| / L%N -0/ f 6 f—P / òùê 576 p çU„Wr^„4râ v lyN -0/ L / KML / [jGUP 6N) J r:2 GUk / g / GUk / GjN ¯¢g / L 2 [yk 1„ ¦/ fKMG 1 [jPW| / p çU„Wr^„Wr—ê v ]b[^L p Ù v NO[ e^/ N '

D 'RD

'

L

L

p Ù v ò PW[ e ° r “  p Ù vÌJ m m

\[



æ pÙ v J ê Ù é ”

p ç0„4r^„WrÚ v

± B

N -y/ ]ˆT0GXfN 2 [jG€TUGUk / L%N -0/)13a TXKML / L3[Z[^N 241 Kgƒ[jP 6 G0[jY 2 KQPX[^]Sk /e L // m ) l 2 N - K 1 m ) k 241 N 2 GXfNŠL3[7[^N 1 N - KN k / g / GUk¨[jG¾[jGUP 6 p ) J r v g‰KMLiKQY / N / L 1„,.- T 1 N -y/`1 g / f—NOL‡KQPAf—T0LO| / f[jG 13241 N 1 [^]DN }Š[€f 6 P 2 GUk / L 1.e P4T / k N3[ e^/ N -0/ L)KQPW[jG e ) f—T0N 1„C [^N / N - KMNdN -y/ f / GZN / L~[^]$N -0/ N - f—T0N 241 KMN~N -y/ g‰[ 2 GZN ò m ßäã ä )>„,.-0/ CB

M

B

êyt f 6 f—P /1 KML3[jT0GUk / KQf - f—T0N\KML / f 6 fP /1„@,.-0/ L /241 KMP 1 [ŒK 13/ NŠ[^]™G0[jG7¯£f—[^Yg‰K^fN%f 6 fP /1 ljN -0/ ’ f 6 f—P /1„ š K^f - ’ f 6 f—P /d1 N‡KMLON 1 KMN 2 G0VXG 2 N 6 [jGN -0/ g -Z6y132 fKQP 13-0// N p N -y/)1i-y// N } -0/ L / N -0/ L /1 [jPW| / GjN 241 VUG 2 N / v KQGUk e [ /1 N - LO[jT ej- N -0/ N - f—T0N.N3[€K gƒ[ 2 GjN~KMN 2 G0VUG 2 N 6 [jG¾N -0/ [^N -y/ L 13-0// N „ R0L3[jY p ç0„4r^„WrÚ v } /:1O// N - KMN.N -y/`1 g / fN3LiKQP™fTyL3| /:241e^2 | / G 576 ì é L p D P J r v p D é „U P J r v í D J r í D P c ì Q û D û ò"n B p ç0„4r^„W,r + v d ]'

D

PB





Z

û

} 0- 2 f -¤241 K(f[jY gXP /—­1 N3L3TXfNiT0L / k / ]b[^L3Y€KMN 2 [^GÊ[^]IY é òÁn p ]bL3[jY p çU„ n „4r vOv „ … / L / KQGUk F ò p ã J v ä m „ F¢N 241 }%[^LON - Y / GZN 2 [jG 2 G e N - KMNdN -0/ ]ˆT0GXfN 2 [jG 1 Q û p ã v KL / K|MK 2 P¹K 5 P / K 1 Kgƒ[} / L 1O/ L 2W/1 2 G›¡ N`…~[Z[^]bN:g‰KML‡KMY / N / L 1 㠇1 } -U2 f -Ê241 |QKMP 2 k[jGUP 6s2 GN -y/ L /ej2 [jGs[^] 1 Y€KQP4Pã u„ ¦¤/ } 2 P4P 1O// N - KN N -0241 L /ej2 [^GJf[^LOL /1 gƒ[jGUk 1 NO[G /e KMN 2 | / P 6 P¹KL e^/ |MKQP4T /1 [^]$‰K à - P / L\g‰KMLiKQY / N / L 1.2 G¾N -0/ ¯HY[yk / P „ M






D

L

D

D

P'

=£ˆÇ

'&( ^

‹ Œ €‰‹ &   D€ KÎ ,‹Q€,Î

) Ë`_

X@

ì ¦/ } 2 P4P$G0[} f[jG 1 N3L3TXfN:N -0/ å™é ¯ a Ty[^N 2W/ GZN–[^]%N -0/ L /1 [^PW| / kf[jG 2 ]b[jP4k p Ó p J r v“Ô Ó p J r vjÕ ÃØ× v ì T 132 G e¾1 N‡KMGUkXKML3ksN3[QL 2 fY / N - [yk 1„ ¦¤/ } 2 P4P>N -0/ GÊKgUgXP 6 N -y/ …~[^L 2 ¯¢§ KM]¿K#Y 2 L3L3[QL–YKMgAl·èÅ í ¿¶¸· ¿

í À’ÊÀ½°&»À繏ºŽ· 

ÿ`· 

Y· š

ªª&ªhY·V¸"¹:[viÎèð587~7p5-H@E;

@8;"AÑ9

;Ö30-×=+M

tù ú èà[Z

ø ¹³¸¹|áͶùÝFúœ¹É9·i¼ÁºI» ¹³Í¶Š½C»¿,ÀR·X°&½˜»ÀXâ»A°&ÖK» ¿À]ñR°&²Ë¹‰ÐÉ,̗¹‰¼IÝtÔÕ¹|ÖN¹

þÿ
0kþÿ
¶

Þ

 iœ»¿,Àrº¶ŠÌ9²³´ÀºI»ÀX❹Ì9²³´À—°&Ö¾¹†³¸¹|¼µ&À~

»°²K°³´°&µ¶¸·f¹³,º»I¼ ¶Š½,µ» ¿À$°¼ÁÎ课¿À$¼IÀ’¶ŠºÕ¹ÖN¹Ì›¶Š³´Á°&Ö`µ&À$½,Àf¼ ¹³Š¶´Û¹‰»¶´°½ºè°&ÖÓ»¿,À’³¸¹|¼µ&Àw í °¼» ¿—·i°½º¶ŠÊ,Àf¼ ¶Š½µP¶Š½9¼À$³¸¹‰»¶´°½C»°

Ç?J3H=+?ë@YW

MNA

;"?)@J=+?);";w-Ž=+?)@

˜°ÖN¹|¼ í ÀQ¿¹Ò&ÀáËÀ$À$½›Ê¶Šº ·Xɝºº ¶Š½µ»¿,À

ʝÉ͹‰³Š¶´» Á(ÿ

  B )587%==p;"1XWE=+?Ç143058?J30AÑ?

ʝÉ͹‰³Š¶´» Á

ʝÉ͹³Š¶´»”Áô¶Š½ í ¿¶¸· ¿—¶Šº

ø ¹³¸¹|áͶùÝFúœ¹É›·i¼ÁºI» ¹‰³tή¯¾¿ÀQÀX❹Ì9²Í³´À°&Ö±ñ’°&²Ë¹|Ðɝ̗¹‰¼Õ¹½Ê›ÔÕ¹‰ÖN¹]¶Šº

º¶ŠÌ9²Í³´ÀîÀ$½,°É,µ¿»°]²¼°|ҏÀ¾» ¿,Àʝɝ¹³Š¶´» ÁßÿN¹‰».³´À¹ºI».¹|»A»¿,ÀQ³´ÀfÒ&À$³°ÖKÖn¼IÀfÀ¾À½À$¼Iµ¶´À$º.¹‰½Ê9º°&Ì9À¾°²KÀ$½›ºI»I¼ ¶Š½,µ ¹Ì9²³Š¶´» ɝÊ,À$º áãÁʝ¶´¼IÀ·X»’·f¹³¸·Xɝ³¸¹‰»¶´°½º$ά^Q° í ÀfÒ&Àf¼ŝ°É,¼’ÊÀ$¼¶´Ò‰¹‰» ¶´°½°Öè» ¿,ÀP¼À$ºI°³´Ò&À$Ê