Life Cycle Model and Metrics in Shipbuilding: How to ...

2 downloads 0 Views 618KB Size Report
Apr 30, 2018 - and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) including the way to retrieve and to collect necessary data for the analysis starting from the available.
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia CIRP 69 (2018) 523 – 528

WK&,53/LIH&\FOH(QJLQHHULQJ /&( &RQIHUHQFH$SULO±0D\&RSHQKDJHQ'HQPDUN

/LIHF\FOHPRGHODQGPHWULFVLQVKLSEXLOGLQJKRZWRXVHWKHPLQWKH SUHOLPLQDU\GHVLJQSKDVHV  &ODXGLR)DYLD 0LFKHOH*HUPDQLE)HGHULFR&DPSLE0DUFR0DQGROLQLE6WHYH0DQLHULE0DUFR 0DUFRQLE$OHVVLR9LWDE  b

a Department of Engineering and Architecture, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 181/A, 43124, Parma, Italy Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy

&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[E-mail address:FODXGLRIDYL#XQLSULW

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© 201 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHVFLHQWLILFFRPPLWWHHRIWKHWK&,53/LIH&\FOH(QJLQHHULQJ /&( &RQIHUHQFH Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 25th CIRP Life Cycle Engineering (LCE) Conference  Keywords:/&&$/&$VKLSEXLOGLQJGHVLJQPDULWLPHYHVVHOV

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† WKHSURSRVHG IUDPHZRUN LV GHVFULEHG †  'LIIHUHQW FRQILJXUDWLRQV RI PDWHULDOV DQG PDQXIDFWXULQJ SURFHVVHV XVHG WR GHYHORS KXOO

2212-8271 © 201 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 25th CIRP Life Cycle Engineering (LCE) Conference doi:10.1016/j.procir.2017.11.071

524

Claudio Favi et al. / Procedia CIRP 69 (2018) 523 – 528

DQGKDWFKHVRIDOX[XU\\DFKWDUHDQDO\]HG † DQGREWDLQHG UHVXOWVDUHUHSRUWHG † /DVWO\FRQFOXVLRQVDQGIXWXUHZRUN DUHSURSRVHG †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

@ $ OLIH F\FOH DQDO\VLV LPSOLHV DQ KROLVWLF OLIH F\FOH DSSURDFK ZKLFK JRHV IXUWKHU WKDQ FRVW DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO DVVHVVPHQW XQWLO YHVVHO GHOLYHU\ /&$ LV D VWDQGDUGL]HG DSSURDFK IRU HQYLURQPHQWDO DVVHVVPHQWV RI SURGXFWV DQG VHUYLFHV DGGUHVVLQJ WKHLU SRWHQWLDO LPSDFWV ZLWK D FUDGOHWRJUDYH SHUVSHFWLYH /&$ DOORZV WR HVWDEOLVK HQYLURQPHQWDO RULHQWHG JXLGHOLQHV DQG LW FDQ EH DSSOLHG LQ GLIIHUHQW ILHOGV DQG KXPDQ DFWLYLWLHV >@ /&&$LVDZHOONQRZQPHWKRGLQWKLVILHOGIRUWKHDQDO\VLVRI SURGXFWVHUYLFH OLIH F\FOH FRVWV LQFOXGLQJ UXQQLQJ FRVWV HJ IXHO FRQVXPSWLRQV VHUYLFHPDLQWHQDQFH HWF  /&&$ DSSURDFK LV XVHG E\ GHVLJQHUVHQJLQHHUV LQ WKH SURMHFW FRVW PDQDJHPHQW DV ZHOO DV E\ SRWHQWLDO EX\HU LQ WKH SXUFKDVLQJ GHFLVLRQ SURFHVV >@ /&$ DQG /&&$ PHWKRGV KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSHGIRUGLIIHUHQWSXUSRVHDQGLQPRVWRIWKHFDVHVWKH\ XVH GLIIHUHQW PRGHOV ERXQGDU\ FRQGLWLRQV DQG GDWD LQSXWV /LWHUDWXUHKLJKOLJKWVIHZFDVHVWXGLHVRQ/&$>@DQG /&&$>@RIPDULWLPHYHVVHOV6HYHUDOLVVXHVKDYHEHHQ LGHQWLILHG FRQFHUQLQJ WKH XVH RI /&$/&&$ LQ VKLSEXLOGLQJ VXFK DV L  IUDJPHQWHG WRROV >@ LL  GDWD VKDULQJ DPRQJ GHVLJQGHSDUWPHQWV>@ LLL WLPHFRQVXPLQJGDWDFROOHFWLRQ LQYHQWRU\  >@ DQG LY  KRZ WR XVH WKH DVVHVVPHQW UHVXOWV >@ 0HWKRGDQGPHWULFV 7KLV VHFWLRQ GHVFULEHV ILUVWO\ KRZ OLIH F\FOH PRGHO KDV EHHQ GHILQHG FRQVLGHULQJ WKH SHFXOLDULWLHV RI VKLSEXLOGLQJ FRQWH[W DQG VHFRQGO\ KRZ WKH HQYLURQPHQWDO PHWULFV KDYH EHHQFKDUDFWHUL]HG

)LVKLQJYHVVHOV



2WKHUV SLSHOD\LQJYHVVHOVHWF 

)LJ0DLQYHVVHOW\SRORJLHV 

$OWKRXJK YHVVHOV DUH GLIIHUHQW LQ VL]H DQG W\SRORJLHV FRPPRQ IXQFWLRQDO JURXSV FDQ EH LGHQWLILHG L  Hull and superstructure LL Outfitting LLL Machinery and propulsion LY  Electrical navigation and communication Y  Piping system YL HVAC YLL Accommodation YLLL Painting and insulation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

3.1. Proposed lifecycle model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“functional unit”>@7KHGHILQLWLRQRIWKHIXQFWLRQDOXQLWLVD NH\ DVSHFW LW DOORZV WR PDNH D FRPSDULVRQ DPRQJ GLIIHUHQW YHVVHO W\SRORJLHV DV ZHOO DV WR FUHDWH D FRUUHFW LQYHQWRU\ PRGHO LQ ZKLFK LQSXWV DQG RXWSXWV DUH DWWULEXWHG WR WKH UHIHUHQFH IORZ SURGXFW V\VWHP  )XQFWLRQDO XQLW KDV EHHQ GHILQHG DV ³the construction and the disposal of vessel modules for the transportation of persons, goods and/or operational activities by sea for a period of 20 years´ ,W LV ZRUWK WR QRWLFH WKDW IXQFWLRQDO XQLW DOORZV WR FRQVLGHU WKH FRQVWUXFWLRQDQGWKHGLVSRVDORIWKHRYHUDOOYHVVHORUSDUWRILW PRGXOHV  6R GRLQJ PRGXOH DOWHUQDWLYHV FDQ EH DQDO\]HG

525

Claudio Favi et al. / Procedia CIRP 69 (2018) 523 – 528

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

7

&WRW

&GH  &UP  &PD  &DV 

&XVH

&HRO

¦  L    L W

7

W 

(2)

,QWKH(TXDWLRQ  &XVHDQG&HROUHSUHVHQWUHVSHFWLYHO\WKH WRWDO GLVFRXQWHG FRVWV RI XVH SKDVH DQG HQGRIOLIH SKDVH ZKHUH ³L´ LV WKH GLVFRXQW UDWH DQG ³W´ WKH UHIHUHQFH SHULRG 7KH VXEVFULSW ³W´ XVHG IRU &XVH LWHP PHDQV WKDW YDOXHV DUH UHIHUUHG WR WKH WWK \HDU )RU &HRO LWHP WKH DFWXDOL]DWLRQ LV SHUIRUPHG DW WKH 7WK \HDU ZKLFK LV WKH GLVSRVDO \HDU RI WKH YHVVHO 7 \HDUVDVSHUIXQFWLRQDOXQLWGHILQLWLRQ 

3.2. Lifecycle metrics

)LJ0RGHOV\VWHPERXQGDU\ 



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

(, WRW

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¼@RIWKHYHVVHO *HQHUDOIUDPHZRUNIRUOLIHF\FOHGDWDFROOHFWLRQ 7KH SURSRVHG OLIHF\FOH PRGHO KDV EHHQ GHYHORSHG WR EH XVHG LQ SUHOLPLQDU\ GHVLJQ SKDVHV ODWH FRQFHSWXDO GHVLJQ SKDVH RU HPERGLPHQW GHVLJQ SKDVH  %RWK /&$ DQG /&&$ XVHWKHVDPHPRGHOZLWKGLIIHUHQWPHWULFVIRUWKHDVVHVVPHQW RIHQYLURQPHQWDODQGFRVWSHUIRUPDQFHV$IUDPHZRUNIRUWKH GDWDFROOHFWLRQDQGDQDO\VLVLVSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJ

(, UP  (, ES  (, DV 

(, IX  (, ZD  (, HO  (, PD  (, ZZ  (E PU  (, PZ

(1)

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

 )LJ)UDPHZRUNIRUOLIHF\FOHGDWDFROOHFWLRQ 

526

Claudio Favi et al. / Procedia CIRP 69 (2018) 523 – 528

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ull and superstructurePRGXOH LVUHSRUWHG )LJ 

vessel for the transportation of persons, goods and/or operational activities by sea for a period of 20 years 

/HQJWKRYHUDOO

>P@

1XPEHURIGHFNV



*URVVWRQQDJH

/HVVWKDQ>*7@

)LJ'UDZLQJDQGWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQRIPRQRKXOOPRWRU\DFKW

 )LJ([WUDFWRIOLJKWVKLSZHLJKWGRFXPHQWIRUHull and superstructure 

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¶ NQRZOHGJH HJRSHUDWLQJFRVWVPDLQWHQDQFHFRVWVHWF DQG FKDUDFWHUL]LQJ VSHFLILF XVH VFHQDULRV RQ WKH EDVLV RI WKH H[SHFWHG YHVVHO XWLOL]DWLRQ WUDYHOOHG KRXUV VSHHGV HWF  'LVSRVDOFRVWVDQGUHYHQXHVDUHSUHOLPLQDU\DGGUHVVHGZLWKLQ WKH&RVWB'%HYHQWKH\DUHVXIIHULQJIURPDODUJHXQFHUWDLQW\ )RU /&$ LQYHQWRU\ WKH VDPH IRUHJURXQG GDWD RI /&&$ FRPLQJIURPSURMHFWGRFXPHQWDWLRQDUHXVHG PDWHULDOVSDUWV¶ ZHLJKWHWF ,QWKLVFDVHWKHDVVHVVPHQWRIWKHHQYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFWV LV SHUIRUPHG XVLQJ EDFNJURXQG GDWD FRPLQJ IURP (FR,QYHQWB'% /&$ UHVXOWV DUH FDOFXODWHG XVLQJ GHGLFDWHG /&$WRRO HJ6LPD3UR  &DVHVWXG\DOX[XU\PRWRU\DFKW 7KHGHVFULEHGDSSURDFKKDVEHHQXVHGWRSHUIRUPWKH/&$ DQG/&&$DQDO\VLVRID>P@\DFKWGHVLJQHGE\DQ,WDOLDQ VKLS\DUG*HQHUDOGUDZLQJDQGWHFKQLFDOVSHFLILFDWLRQVRIWKH \DFKWDUHUHSRUWHGLQ)LJ )XQFWLRQDO XQLW KDV EHHQ GHILQHG LQ DFFRUGDQFH ZLWK SURSRVHG PRGHO ³the construction and the disposal of a

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

9DOXH

)XHO 0'2  JHQHUDWRUV 

>O\HDU@

)XHO 0'2  HQJLQHV 

>O\HDU@ $QWLIRXOLQJWUHDWPHQW \HDU  6DIHW\DQGILUHV\VWHPVXUYH\V \HDU  $QRGHVLQVSHFWLRQDQGUHSODFHPHQW \HDUV 

0DLQWHQDQFH

%DWWHULHVDQGDFFXPXODWRUUHSODFHPHQW \HDUV  3DLQWLQJ \HDUV  6SHFLDOVXUYH\V, \HDUV  6SHFLDOVXUYH\V,, \HDUV  6SHFLDOVXUYH\V,,, \HDUV 

:DWHU

$SSUR[>O\HDU@

:DVWHZDWHU

$SSUR[>O\HDU@

3HUVRQQHO

SHRSOHFDSWDLQFKLHIRIILFHUFKLHIHQJLQHHU GHFNKDQGVVWHZDUGVFRRNDQGFKHI

(OHFWULFLW\

>N:K\HDU@HOHFWULFHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQ#SLHU

2SHUDWLQJFRVWV

%HUWKLQJDQG,QVXUDQFH

 $V UHSRUWHG DERYH WKH ILUVW VROXWLRQ LQYHVWLJDWHG E\ WKH VKLS\DUG LV WR EXLOG DOO VWUXFWXUDO SDUWV RI WKH PRWRU\DFKW XVLQJ FDUERQ VWHHO PDWHULDO DQG VKLHOGHG PHWDO DUF ZHOGLQJ 60$:  WHFKQRORJ\ 6WUXFWXUDO SDUWV PDLQO\ LQYROYH LWHPV FODVVLILHG LQ WKH Hull and superstructure PRGXOH VXFK DV L  KXOOEORFNV LL KXOOJULGV LLL IRXQGDWLRQVDQG LY KDWFKHV 7KRVHLWHPVDUHFULWLFDOLQWHUPVRIHQYLURQPHQWDOLPSDFWVDV LGHQWLILHG LQ DSUHYLRXVZRUN DQG WKH\ FRXQW PRUH WKDQ

527

Claudio Favi et al. / Procedia CIRP 69 (2018) 523 – 528

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¶V5HJLVWHU HWF7DEOHUHSRUWV WKH IRXU DQDO\VHG GHVLJQ FRQILJXUDWLRQV FRQVLGHULQJ WKH PHQWLRQHGLWHPVLQWHUPVRIPDWHULDODQGPDLQPDQXIDFWXULQJ SURFHVVHV 'HVLJQ DOWHUQDWLYHV SODWHV FRQILJXUDWLRQ DQG DUUDQJHPHQWSODWHVWKLFNQHVVHVWHFKQLFDOGUDZLQJHWF KDYH EHHQGHYHORSHGE\WKHHQJLQHHULQJWHDPRIWKHVKLS\DUG 7DEOH3RVVLEOHGHVLJQFRQILJXUDWLRQVIRUKXOODQGKDWFKHV 1 

+XOOEORFNV+XOOJULGVDQG )RXQGDWLRQV

+DWFKHV

0DWHULDO

0DQXIDFWXULQJ

0DWHULDO

0DQXIDFWXULQJ



&DUERQVWHHO

/DVHUFXWWLQJ 60$:

&DUERQVWHHO

/DVHUFXWWLQJ 60$:



&DUERQVWHHO

/DVHUFXWWLQJ 60$:

&DUERQILEUH FRPSRVLWH

5HVLQLQIXVLRQ



$OXPLQLXP

/DVHUFXWWLQJ *7$:

$OXPLQLXP

/DVHUFXWWLQJ *7$:



$OXPLQLXP

/DVHUFXWWLQJ *7$:

&DUERQILEUH FRPSRVLWH

5HVLQLQIXVLRQ PRXOGLQJ

&RPSDULVRQ RI GHVLJQ DOWHUQDWLYHV KDV EHHQ SHUIRUPHG DQDO\VLQJ RQO\ WKRVH LWHPV WKDW GLIIHU DPRQJ WKH IRXU FRQILJXUDWLRQV)RUPDWHULDOVDQGPDQXIDFWXULQJSKDVHLWHPV LQYROYHGLQWKHDQDO\VLVDUHUHSRUWHGLQ7DEOH$OOWKHRWKHU PRGXOHV DQG LWHPV KDYH EHHQ NHSW XQFKDQJHG LQFOXGLQJ machinery and propulsion PRGXOH  )RU XVH SKDVH IXHO FRQVXPSWLRQ HQJLQHV  DQG PDLQWHQDQFH LWHPV DUH WKH RQO\ RQHVWKDWVKRZDGLIIHUHQFHLQWKHFRQVLGHUHGFRQILJXUDWLRQV 0DLQWHQDQFH KDV DQ LPSDFW LQ WKRVH FRQILJXUDWLRQV ZLWK FDUERQ ILEUH FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDOV  DQG   HYHQ LI LWV FRQWULEXWLRQ FDQ EH FRQVLGHUHG QHJOLJLEOH )XHO FRQVXPSWLRQ HQJLQHV LVUHODWHGWRWKH\DFKWV¶ZHLJKWUHGXFWLRQDVUHSRUWHG LQ 7DEOH ,QSDUWLFXODU FUXLVLQJ IXHO FRQVXPSWLRQKDVEHHQ HVWLPDWHG FRQVLGHULQJ HQJLQH SHUIRUPDQFHV &DWHUSLOODU & WLHU ,, (3$ HQJLQHV  SURYLGHG E\ WKH HQJLQH PDQXIDFWXUHU &DWHUSLOODU (QJLQHSHUIRUPDQFHWDEOHVFRUUHODWHWKHFUXLVLQJ VSHHG ZLWK HQJLQHV VSHHG DQG WKHLU VSHFLILF FRQVXPSWLRQ EDVHGRQWKHRYHUDOOZHLJKWRIWKHFRQVLGHUHGFRQILJXUDWLRQV 7DEOH  SURYLGHV DQ RYHUYLHZ RI PDULQH GLHVHO RLO 0'2  FRQVXPSWLRQIRUWKHGHVLJQFRQILJXUDWLRQV

)RU(R/SKDVHWKHIROORZLQJVFHQDULRVUHSRUWHGLQ7DEOH KDYH EHHQ FRQVLGHUHG IRU WKH DQDO\]HG PDWHULDOV 7KH SURSRVHG VFHQDULRV KDYH EHHQ GHILQHG EDVHG RQ WKH FXUUHQW DYDLODEOHWHFKQRORJLHVLQWKLVVHFWRU 7DEOH(R/VFHQDULRVIRUWKHFRQVLGHUHGPDWHULDOV 0DWHULDO

(R/VFHQDULR

&DUERQVWHHO

5HF\FOLQJ/DQGILOOLQJ>@

$OXPLQLXP

5HF\FOLQJ/DQGILOOLQJ>@

&DUERQILEUHFRPSRVLWH

5HF\FOLQJ/DQGILOOLQJ>@

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

)LJ/&$DVVHVVPHQWRIWKHIRXUGHVLJQFRQILJXUDWLRQV





7DEOH)XHOFRQVXPSWLRQVRIWKHIRXUKXOOKDWFKHVFRQILJXUDWLRQV 1

+XOOEORFNV+XOOJULGVDQG IRXQGDWLRQVZHLJKW

+DWFKHV ZHLJKW

)XHO 0'2 FRQVXPSWLRQ IRU>KUV\HDU@ >O\HDU@



>WRQ@

>WRQ@



>WRQ@

>WRQ@

>O\HDU@



>WRQ@

>WRQ@

>O\HDU@



>WRQ@

>WRQ@

>O\HDU@





)LJ0DQXIDFWXULQJXVHDQG(R/SKDVHV¶DVVHVVPHQWRIFRQILJXUDWLRQ

528

Claudio Favi et al. / Procedia CIRP 69 (2018) 523 – 528

/&&$ UHVXOWVDUHUHSRUWHG LQ )LJ+HUHWKHGLVFRXQWHG OLIH F\FOH FRVW FRQVLGHULQJ PDQXIDFWXULQJ XVH DQG GLVSRVDO SKDVHV  IRU HDFK GHVLJQ FRQILJXUDWLRQV DUH UHSUHVHQWHG (YHQ LIWKHPDQXIDFWXULQJFRVWRIWKHDOXPLQLXPKXOOLVKLJKHUWKDQ WKH VWHHO RQH   WKH OLIH F\FOH FRVW LV ORZHU GXH WR WKH UHGXFWLRQRIIXHOFRQVXPSWLRQGXULQJWKHXVHSKDVH$JDLQDV IRUWKH/&$WKHXVHRIFDUERQILEUHKDWFKHVGRHVQRWSOD\D VLJQLILFDQWUROHLQUHGXFLQJHFRQRPLFIRRWSULQW 

>ZĞƐƵůƚƐ ϮϴϬϬ ϮϳϬϬ

΀ŬΦ΁

ϮϲϬϬ ϮϱϬϬ ϮϰϬϬ ϮϯϬϬ ϮϮϬϬ >΀Φ@

Ϭϭ ϮϳϲϳϬϯϱ

ϬϮ ϮϱϵϰϮϬϯ

Ϭϯ ϮϰϳϮϰϴϯ

Ϭϰ ϮϰϰϯϵϬϯ

)LJ7RWDOOLIHF\FOHFRVWRIWKHIRXUGHVLJQFRQILJXUDWLRQV 



$OWKRXJKPDQ\UHVHDUFKHUVKDYHDQDO\]HGWKH/&$/&&$ RI PDULQH WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ PHDQV PRUH ZRUN LV QHHGHG WR HVWDEOLVK D SUDFWLFDO DQG VWDQGDUGL]HG DSSURDFK IRU WKH DVVHVVPHQW RI WKLV NLQG RI SURGXFWV ,Q WKLV FRQWH[W WKH FDVH VWXG\GHPRQVWUDWHVKRZWKLVPHWKRGFDQEHXVHGWRFRPSDUH GHVLJQ DOWHUQDWLYHV GXULQJ WKH HDUO\ GHVLJQ SKDVH IURP D OLIH F\FOHSHUVSHFWLYHXVLQJGHGLFDWHGPHWULFV &RQFOXVLRQVDQGIXWXUHZRUN ,QWKLVZRUNDFRPSOHWHPRGHOZLWKGHGLFDWHGPHWULFVIRU WKH DQDO\VLV RI OLIHF\FOH SHUIRUPDQFHV LQ VKLSEXLOGLQJ KDYH EHHQ SUHVHQWHG ,W FRPELQHV VWDWHRIDUW FRQFHSWV DQG EHVW SUDFWLFH LQ WKLV VHFWRU FUHDWLQJ D QRYHO IUDPHZRUN IRU D VWDQGDUGL]HGGHVLJQDSSURDFK7KDQNVWRWKLVPRGHOGLIIHUHQW SURGXFW DOWHUQDWLYHV FDQ EH HYDOXDWHG LQ WKH SUHOLPLQDU\ GHVLJQ SKDVHV LQFUHDVLQJ HQJLQHHUV¶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

>@ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 2UJDQL]DWLRQ IRU 6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ ,62  ³(QYLURQPHQWDO PDQDJHPHQW ± /LIH F\FOH DVVHVVPHQW ± 3ULQFLSOHV DQG IUDPHZRUN´ >@ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 2UJDQL]DWLRQ IRU 6WDQGDUGL]DWLRQ ,62  ³%XLOGLQJV DQG FRQVWUXFWHG DVVHWV  6HUYLFH OLIH SODQQLQJ  3DUW  *HQHUDO SULQFLSOHVDQGIUDPHZRUN´ >@ 3DSDQLNRODRX $ 6KLS GHVLJQ 0HWKRGRORJ\ RI SUHOLPLQDU\ GHVLJQ 6SULQJHU >@ 3DKO * %HLW] : )HOGKXVHQ - *URWH .+ (QJLQHHULQJ 'HVLJQ ±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l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 U // 3DJRURSRXORV $ +DXVFKLOG 0 %LUNYHG 0 6FKPLGW -+ 0F$ORRQH 7& )URP /&&$ WR /&$ XVLQJ D K\EULG LQSXW RXWSXW PRGHO PDULWLPHFDVHVWXG\3URFHGLD&,53± >@*UDWVRV *$ 3VDUDIWLV +1 =DFKDULDGLV 3 /LIH &\FOH &RVW RI 0DLQWDLQLQJ WKH (IIHFWLYHQHVV RI D 6KLS¶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

Suggest Documents