Load power smoothing control of distribution network including

6 downloads 0 Views 4MB Size Report
battery-based ESS was used to smooth the power fluctuations ... of EV charging time, the EVs were used as a load shaping tool ... In this paper, based on the.
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

VZLWFKLQJ IUHTXHQF\ RI FKDQJLQJ WKH (9¶V FRQQHFWLQJ VWDWH GLVFKDUJHSRZHUIURPSRLQWDWREVRDVQRWWRYLRODWHWKH S j  EHWZHHQFKDUJLQJDQGGLVFKDUJLQJ DQGWKHSDWKµEF¶LVWKHIRUFHGFKDUJLQJERXQGDU\WRDFKLHYH S j d IRUWUDYHOOLQJDW WKHPLQLPXPH[SHFWHG62&YDOXH LH ,, )5$0(:25.2)/2$'32:(560227+,1*&21752/ SRLQW F :KHQ WKH FKDUJLQJ SURILOH KLWV WKH IRUFHGFKDUJLQJ &RQVLGHULQJWKHHQHUJ\VWRUDJHFDSDELOLW\RIWKH(9VLQWKH ERXQGDU\WKH(9WXUQVLQWRDQXQFRQWUROODEOHORDGDQGFKDUJH GLVWULEXWLRQ QHWZRUN LQWHJUDWHG ZLWK WKH GLVWULEXWHG 39 DWWKHUDWHGFKDUJLQJSRZHU7KHFXUYHVPDUNHGķDQGĸDUH JHQHUDWLRQ WKH IUDPHZRUN RI WKH ORDG SRZHU VPRRWKLQJ WZR SRVVLEOH FKDUJLQJ SURILOHV DQG WKH VORSH ZLWK D SRVLWLYH FRQWUROVWUDWHJ\LVVKRZQLQ)LJ QHJDWLYH YDOXHUHSUHVHQWVWKHFKDUJLQJ GLVFKDUJLQJ SURFHVV

 )LJ)UDPHZRUNRIWKHORDGSRZHUVPRRWKLQJFRQWUROVWUDWHJ\

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¶ HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH FDSDFLW\ DQG WKH UHDOWLPH SRZHU IOXFWXDWLRQ UDWH WKH WDUJHW SRZHU FKDQJH RI WKHDJJUHJDWHG(9VDUHFDOFXODWHGDQGWKHQDOORFDWHGWR HDFK JULGFRQQHFWHG (9 LQ WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ QHWZRUN 7KHVH (9V DGMXVW WKHLU RZQ H[FKDQJHG SRZHU EDVHG RQ WKH GHYHORSHG 62&DGDSWLYH PHWKRG WR UHVSRQG WR WKH SRZHU IOXFWXDWLRQ ZKLFKPHDQVWKDWHDFK(9FKDQJHWKHH[FKDQJHGSRZHUEDVHG RQWKH62&YDOXHDQGWKHH[FKDQJHGSRZHUOLPLWDWLRQV

 )LJ0D[LPXPRSHUDWLRQDUHDRIDQLQGLYLGXDO(9

7KHUHDOWLPHH[FKDQJHGSRZHURI(9jLVGHILQHGDVPjt DQG D SRVLWLYH QHJDWLYH  YDOXH PHDQV WKH (9 LV FKDUJLQJ GLVFKDUJLQJ 7KHUHDOWLPH62&YDOXH LHSjt LVGHWHUPLQHG E\   7KH XSSHU DQG ORZHU OLPLWDWLRQV RI Pjt LH Pj t DQG P j t  DUH GHWHUPLQHG E\   +RZHYHU WKH Pj t DQG P j t DUH FORVHO\ UHODWHG ZLWK WKH SRVLWLRQ RI WKH (9 LQ WKH PD[LPXP RSHUDWLRQ DUHD LQ )LJ  7KXV WKH Pj t DQG P j t DUH IXUWKHU H[SODLQHGLQ7DEOH,    S j t 't S j t  Pj t ˜ 't  D j  ZKHUH D j LVWKH(9EDWWHU\FDSDFLW\ r r °­ Pj t Pj c   P j t  Pj d  t  ¬ªt j  s  t j d ¼º     ® ¯° Pj t   P j t  t  ¬ª t j  s  t j d ¼º ZKHUH Pjrc  Pjrd LVWKHUDWHGFKDUJLQJ GLVFKDUJLQJ SRZHU

7$%/(, 833(5$1'/2:(5%281'$5,(62)7+((;&+$1*('32:(5

,,, (1(5*tjstjd@ Pjt

6KDGHG DUHD

tѯѯ>tjstjd@

%RXQGDULHVRIABCFED /LQH BC

/LQH AD

/LQH DE

/LQH EF

Pjrc 

Pjrc 





r j c



Pj,t 

Pjrc 

Pjrc 



Pjrc 

P j,t 

P 

P 

P 

P 

r j d

%ODQN DUHD

/LQH AB

r j d

r j d

r j d

P 



B. Energy Storage Model of Aggregaed EVs %DVHG RQ WKH HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI DQ LQGLYLGXDO(9DQHQHUJ\VWRUDJHPRGHOLVXVHGWRGHVFULEHWKH HQHUJ\VWRUDJHFDSDELOLW\RIDJJUHJDWHG(9VLQWKLVVHFWLRQ ,W LV DVVXPHG WKDW WKH QXPEHU RI (9V FRQQHFWHG WR WKH SRZHU JULG DW WLPH t LV nt $QG ILYH UHVSRQVH SDUDPHWHUV DUH GHILQHG WR GHVFULEH WKH HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH FDSDELOLW\ RI WKH DJJUHJDWHG (9V )LUVWO\ WKH WRWDO H[FKDQJHG SRZHU RI WKH DJJUHJDWHG (9V LH PjAt  LV GHWHUPLQHG E\   7KHQ WKH PD[LPXP UHVSRQVH FDSDFLW\ IRU LQFUHDVLQJ WKH H[FKDQJHG

SRZHU RI WKH DJJUHJDWHG (9V LV GHWHUPLQHG E\   DQG WKH    ǻPt d Pt d  Pt d  PLQLPXP UHVSRQVH FDSDFLW\ IRU GHFUHDVLQJ WKH H[FKDQJHG Step II: Determine the target power change of the SRZHU RI WKH DJJUHJDWHG (9V LV GHWHUPLQHG E\   $QG WKH aggregated EVs. DYDLODEOH HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH FDSDFLW\ RI WKH DJJUHJDWHG (9V LV 7KH IROORZLQJ UXOHV DUH XVHG WR REWDLQ WKH WDUJHW SRZHU GHWHUPLQHG E\   7KH 62& YDOXH RI WKH DJJUHJDWHG (9V LV FKDQJHRIWKHDJJUHJDWHG(9V LH ǻPt A  GHILQHGE\  ZKLFKLVXVHGWRHYDOXDWHWKH62&VWDWHRIDOO d dn A L ,I ǻPt  Pt WKHQ ǻPt Pt dn  WKHJULGFRQQHFWHG(9VHQWLUHO\ dn d up LL ,I Pt d ǻPt d Pt WKHQ ǻPt A ǻPt d  nt A Pt Pj t     LLL ,I ǻPt d ! Pt up WKHQ ǻPt A Pt up  ¦ j  Step III: Determine the target exchanged power of each nt EV with the SOC-adaptive method. up up    Pt Pj t  Pj t  Pt t   ¦ 7KH IROORZLQJ UXOHV DUH XVHG WR REWDLQ WKH WDUJHW j  H[FKDQJHGSRZHURIHDFK(9 nt    Pt dn ¦ P j t  Pj t  Pt dn d   L  ,I ǻPt A t   WKH WDUJHW H[FKDQJHG SRZHU RI HDFK (9 j  LH Pjst LVUHIUHVKHGE\   

EtA

nt

¦ ª¬ S

j t

j 

nt



S

A t

¦ ª¬ S j 

j t



 S j t ˜ D j º  ¼

 S j t ˜ D j º¼ EtA

  

Pjst Pj t 

S j  S j t nt

¦ S j  S j t

ǻPt A 

 

j 



 

LL ,I ǻPt A   WKH Pjst LVUHIUHVKHGE\   S Sj ǻPt A  Pjst Pj t  n t j t ¦ S j t  S j

   ,9 /2$'32:(560227+,1*&21752/675$7(*@,WLVDOVR °° * DVVXPHGWKDW WKHURRIWRSDUHDYDULHVZLWKLQ>@PDQG T     ® T WKHSRZHUGHQVLW\LV:P ° * t  * PD[ ˜ 't 7KH QXPEHU RI (9V LQ SHU KRXVHKROG LV VHW WR EH  °¯ T t t DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH 86 QDWLRQDO KRXVHKROG WUDYHO VXUYH\ >@ t T ZKHUH *  *  LV WKH XSSHU ORZHU  OLPLWDWLRQ RI *  * PD[  $OO (9V DUH DVVXPHG WR VWDUW FKDUJLQJ DV VRRQ DV WKHLU GDLO\ T LVWKHPD[LPXPOLPLWDWLRQYDOXHRIWKH *  WULSV DUH ILQLVKHG 7KH UDWHG FKDUJLQJ DQG GLVFKDUJLQJ SRZHU 7KH IROORZLQJ UXOHV DUH XVHG WR REWDLQ WKH WDUJHW SRZHU LH P r DQG P r DUHDVVXPHGWREHN:>@6RPHRWKHU j c j d FKDQJHRIWKHORDG LH Pt d  SDUDPHWHUV VXFK DV WKH EDWWHU\ FDSDFLW\ LH Dj  WKH t t d d t Pt 't  * ˜ 't  L ,I *  * WKHQ Pt WUDYHOOLQJWLPH LHtjsDQGtjd WKH62&OLPLWDWLRQV LH S j  t t LL ,I * d * t d * WKHQ Pt d Pt d  DQG S j  DQG WKH PLQLPXP H[SHFWHG 62& LH Sjd  DUH t t LQWURGXFHGLQ>@ LLL ,I * t ! * WKHQ Pt d Pt d't  * ˜ 't  7KXV WKH WDUJHW SRZHU FKDQJH RI WKH ORDG LH ǻPt d  LV A. Control Effect of Load Power Smoothing GHWHUPLQHGE\   :LWKRXW WKH ORDG SRZHU VPRRWKLQJ FRQWURO VWUDWHJ\ WKH

‹,(((

SRZHU SURILOHV RI WKH (9 ORDG WKH 39 JHQHUDWLRQ WKH QRQ FRQWUROODEOH ORDGDQG WKH WRWDO ORDG DUH VKRZQLQ)LJ ,W LV REYLRXVWKDWWKHORDGSRZHUIOXFWXDWLRQVDUHFRQVLGHUDEOHZLWK WKH LQWHJUDWLRQ RI WKH GLVWULEXWHG 39 JHQHUDWLRQ LQ WKH GLVWULEXWLRQQHWZRUN

DJJUHJDWHG (9V WKH H[FKDQJHG SRZHU SURILOHV ZLWKRXW DQG ZLWK FRQWURO DUH FRPSDUHG LQ )LJ  LH ķ ZLWKRXW VPRRWKLQJFRQWURODQGĸZLWKVPRRWKLQJFRQWURO 7KH(9V UHVSRQG WR WKH SRZHU IOXFWXDWLRQV E\ DGMXVWLQJ WKH WRWDO H[FKDQJHG SRZHU ZLWKLQ WKH QHZ ERXQGDULHV $QG WKH UHVSRQVH FDSDFLW\ RI (9V LV GHFUHDVHG ZLWK WKH UHVSRQGLQJ SURFHVVJRLQJRQ7RIXUWKHULOOXVWUDWHWKHUHVSRQGLQJSURFHVV WKH (9 H[FKDQJHG SRZHU SURILOHV GXULQJ  WR  DUH IXUWKHU GHSLFWHG LQ )LJ  ,W LV FOHDU WKDW WKH (9 H[FKDQJHG SRZHU LVUHVWULFWHGE\WKHXSSHUDQGORZHUERXQGDULHV

 )LJ/RDGSURILOHVZLWKRXWWKHORDGSRZUVPRRWKLQJFRQWUROVWUDWHJ\

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

 )LJ(9SRZHUIURILOHVZLWKRXWDQGZLWKVPRRWKLQJFRQWURO

 )LJ(9SRZHUIURILOHVZLWKRXWDQGZLWKVPRRWKLQJFRQWURO  

 )LJ/RDGSURILOHVZLWKRXWDQGZLWKVPRRWKLQJFRQWURO

7KH ORDG SRZHU IOXFWXDWLRQ UDWH ZLWKRXW DQG ZLWK WKH VPRRWKLQJFRQWUROLVFRPSDUHGLQ)LJ,WLVREYLRXVWKDWWKH SRZHUIOXFWXDWLRQUDWHLVGHFUHDVHGWREHORZHUWKDQWKHSUHVHW WKUHVKROG RI  ZKLFK IXUWKHU YHULILHV WKH HIIHFWLYHQHVV RI WKHSURSRVHGORDGSRZHUVPRRWKLQJFRQWUROVWUDWHJ\

$V VKRZQ LQ )LJ  WKH HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH DQG WKH 62& YDULDWLRQV RI WKH DJJUHJDWHG (9V ZLWKRXW DQG ZLWK WKH VPRRWKLQJFRQWURODUHFRPSDUHG)URPWRWKH62& YDOXH RI WKH (9V LV LQFUHDVLQJ ZLWK WKH VPRRWKLQJ FRQWURO %HFDXVH WKH FKDUJLQJ SURFHVV LV YHU\ REYLRXV GXULQJ WKLV SHULRG VKRZQLQ)LJ )URPWRWKH62&YDOXH RI WKH (9V LV GHFUHDVLQJ %HFDXVH WKH GLVFKDUJLQJ SURFHVV LV UDWKHUREYLRXVGXULQJWKLVSHULRG VKRZQLQ)LJ 

 )LJ(QHUJ\VWRUDJHFDSDFLW\DQG62&YDULDWLRQVRIDJJUHJDWHG(9V ZLWKRXWDQGZLWKVPRRWKLQJFRQWURO

7KH H[FKDQJHG SRZHU RI DOO WKH (9V ZLWK WKH VPRRWKLQJ FRQWURO LQ WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ QHWZRUN LV VKRZQ LQ )LJ  (DFK OLQHLQWKHILJXUHUHSUHVHQWVWKHH[FKDQJHGSRZHURIRQH(9 B. Energy Storage Capability of Aggregated EVs 7KHOLQHZLWKDSRVLWLYHSRZHUYDOXHPHDQVWKH(9LVFKDUJLQJ 7R IXUWKHU LQWURGXFH WKH HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH FDSDELOLW\ RI WKH DQG OLQH ZLWK D QHJDWLYH SRZHU YDOXH PHDQV WKH (9 LV 

)LJ/RDGSRZHUIOXFWXWDLRQUDWHZLWKRXWDQGZLWKVPRRWKLQJFRQWURO

‹,(((

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³3UHGLFWLRQRISRZHUIOXFWXDWLRQ 62&V RI (9V YDU\ ZLWK GLIIHUHQW VORSHV LH GLIIHUHQW FODVVHVIRUSKRWRYROWDLFLQVWDOODWLRQVDQGSRWHQWLDOEHQHILWVRIG\QDPLF UHVHUYH DOORFDWLRQ´ IET Renew. Power Gener. YRO  QR  SS  H[FKDQJHG SRZHU YDOXHV  LQ )LJ  E  7DNLQJ WKH PDUNHG $SU DUHDLQ)LJ E DVWKHH[DPSOHIRUDORDGSRZHUYDULDWLRQ >@ ;/L'+XLDQG;/DL³%DWWHU\HQHUJ\VWRUDJHVWDWLRQ %(66 EDVHG DOOWKHFRQWUROODEOH(9VDGMXVWWKHLUH[FKDQJHGSRZHUZLWKWKH VPRRWKLQJ FRQWURO RI SKRWRYROWDLF 39  DQG ZLQG SRZHU JHQHUDWLRQ IOXFWXDWLRQV´IEEE Trans. Sustain. EnergyYROQRSS 62&DGDSWLYH PHWKRG )RU D QHJDWLYH ORDG SRZHU YDULDWLRQ $SU WKH(9ZLWKKLJKHU62&YDOXHSURYLGHVPRUHSRZHUFKDQJHWR >@ 0 1 .DELU @ 1-D\DVHNDUD 0$60DVRXP DQG3-:ROIV³2SWLPDORSHUDWLRQ RI GLVWULEXWHG HQHUJ\ VWRUDJH V\VWHPV WR LPSURYH GLVWULEXWLRQ QHWZRUN ORDGDQGJHQHUDWLRQKRVWLQJFDSDELOLW\´IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy YROQRSS-DQ >@ @ @ 0:DQJ@ 6 6KDR 0 3LSDWWDQDVRPSRUQDQG DQG 6 5DKPDQ ³'HPDQG UHVSRQVH DV D ORDG VKDSLQJ WRRO LQ DQ LQWHOOLJHQW JULG ZLWK HOHFWULF YHKLFOHV´ IEEE Trans. Smart GridYROQRSS'HF >@ $ (VKUDJKL DQG 5 *KRUEDQL ³,VODQGLQJ GHWHFWLRQ DQG RYHU YROWDJH PLWLJDWLRQXVLQJFRQWUROODEOHORDGV´Sustain. Energy Grids Netw.YRO SS-XQ >@ - 0HQJ

Suggest Documents