Modeling and Designing a Service Oriented Framework for a Comprehensive Emergency System
Samir El-Masri, Hamdan Al-Sabri, Ahmed Ghoneim College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia selmasri, halsabri,
[email protected]
Abstract−Service oriented architecture introduces an effective way for connecting software components and sharing data. Most of the emergency systems lack the methodology to completely integrate and smoothly transfer data within its components. In this paper, we deal with this challenge by modeling and designing a service oriented framework for comprehensive emergency system. The proposed framework is composed of the following distributed subsystems: emergency application for mobile devices, GPS, Ambulances, Main central system, Health record and Hospitals. These subsystems are built using different technologies and completely integrated to handle any emergency event may occur. The framework behavior is illustrated within the internal flow of the collaboration model, which classifies the framework subsystems into provider or consumer. Moreover, the integration between subsystems is shown by handling the business process of emergency events. A real case study presenting the work of the CES framework is discussed. Keyword−Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Service Oriented architecture Modeling Language (SoaML), Comprehensive Emergency System (CES), Mobile Web Services. 1. Introduction Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a pattern or approach that guides all aspects of creating and using the system functions as services throughout their lifecycle. It defines and enhances the integration between different distributed applications to exchange
data and functions in business processes regardless of the platforms or programming languages underlying those applications [1]. Web services technology is a standardized way of integrating web-based applications. Web services communicate using open protocols, and based on new standards eXtensible Markup Language (XML), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Web Service Description Language (WSDL) and Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI). Web services can be used by other applications regardless of the computing environment, in which they are hosted [2], [3]. The need for accessing more services and applications that reside on the web and mobile devices has led to the introduction of Mobile Web Services technology by El-Masri (2005) [4], and El-Masri and Solumein (2005) [5]. In this paper, we present the framework for a Comprehensive Emergency System (CES). The initial concept of CES was proposed in 2005 by ElMasri [17]. The system may be considered more comprehensive than other emergency systems in terms of the number of parties involved, and it is very advanced in terms of the technologies used. The system is also intelligent when it comes to find the right ambulance, hospital and doctor that are suitable for the conditions and location of the accidents. The main advantage and strength of the system comes from the Mobile Web Services technology used in the system. This technology can overcome any problems of interoperability between systems running different applications. The system is flexible enough to receive request for an ambulance from a human being or through a mobile application.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows; Section 2 will present background and related work and overview SOA and model techniques. In section 3, the proposed framework for Comprehensive Emergency System (CES) and their components will be explained. The case study with an architecture overview and business message flow will be illustrated in section 4. In section 5, conclusions and future research work will be discussed. 2. Background and Related Work The SoaML metamodel extends the Unified Modeling Language 2.0 (UML) in order to support SOA. This section only presents the concepts of SoaML. The concepts used are based on the revised UPMS submission presented in the literature [6], [18]. [7] presents an approach called AmbientSoaML, which introduces ambients in service oriented architecture modeling language (SoaML). It explains the simple mobility and demonstrates the use of SoaML for modeling SOA of a mobile application. A new model-driven approach is introduced for the generic integration of service-oriented architectures (SOA) and multi-agent systems (MAS) [8]. In another paper, MINERVA was proposed for automating transformations from BPMN to SoaML models in order to automatically generate services from business processes [9]. In [10], the authors analyzed common and widespread service characteristics, derive evaluable design attributes that refer to elements of service designs based on SoaML, and demonstrate the formalization of an exemplarily design attribute using OCL. Another approach was presented with an example of service identification from the Norwegian national Health ICT architecture by using SoaML [11]. [12] shows how SOA modeling and design based on the concept of service component and standard UML modeling constructs and defines service components of different types, scope and granularity. It puts them in the context of a model-driven design approach to provide bidirectional traceability between business requirements and software artifacts. Paper [13] showed the use of shared data models of emergency incidents to support the exchange of data between heterogeneous systems. Summarizes found in [14] on how to use service oriented architecture to lightweight mobile devices [14]. In [15] and [16], the authors
focused on investigating the importance of data exchange and message passing on SOA from the security and privacy point of view. Thereafter, they designed a gateway for passing messages in the SOA healthcare platform. Subsequently, they pointed out the interface utilities on the SOA healthcare platform. Healthcare information integration and shared platform based on Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) was proposed. The platform supports the integration, development, and operation of a full spectrum of healthcare applications. 3. The proposed Framework A Comprehensive Emergency System (CES) framework is a comprehensive platform to link hospitals, ambulances and computerized operator by transferring patient data and electronic health record in addition to Geographical Positioning System (GPS) location of ambulances, accidents and hospitals. The accident reporter (Emergency requester) device and ambulance systems play the role of mobile web service providers. The abstract view of CES framework illustrates the CES as a black box with inputs and outputs as shown in Figure 1. The comprehensive Emergency System has the following subsystems that they interact together: Mobile Device Application, Main Central System, Ambulance Systems, Electronic Health Record System and Hospital Emergency Systems, as shown in Figure 2. We will summarize the roles of the subsystems as follows: 1) The Mobile Device Application used when there is an accident. Accident reporter (emergency requester) sends an emergency message to MCS.
Figure 1. The abstract view of the CES architecture
Figure 2. The detailed view of the architecture for CES
2) The Main Central System (MCS): Through the processes in Table 1, will: • Requests the location for available ambulances in the area that is closed to the accident place. Each ambulance in the system has one of the following states: available, non available, in-mission. • Calculates the distances using a navigation system between ambulance and accident locations then sends request to the nearest ambulance to deal with the emergency event. • Sends a report to the initial emergency requester in a matter of a few seconds quoting the approximate time and distance the ambulance needs to reach the accident. Table 1. MCS processes Input: • Accident Information for MCS (Accident location,
If ambulance state ='available' than{ Get ambulance coordinates ( ); // insert in to array X; } For i=1 to i=m{ // choose the nearest ambulance to accident Calculate distance ( ); Compare distance ( ); X= Min(compare distance); } // choose the right ambulance Send accident information ( ) to X; //send accident information to the chosen ambulance If ambulance-confirm = yes than { Send report Informer ( ); Else Go to choose the second nearest ambulance. X=X+1; //select the second nearest ambulance to accident Send accident information ( ) to X; } END
Number of cars, Number of injured people, date)
• Available ambulance coordinates(x, y) Output: • Report to Emergency Requester (Time, distance), • choose the Right Ambulance BEGIN Receive accident information; For i=1 to i=n { // Retrieve ambulances coordinates
3) The Ambulance System has the capability of using GPS to detect its location, and then send ambulance location to the MCS. When ambulance system receives the MCS request to go to the accident location, it will accept or reject the job. In case of rejection the MCS selects the second nearest ambulance to
accident. In case of acceptance, the ambulance system starts its processes as follows: • It requests the health record of the patient form the health record center. • It proposes the appropriate treatment of the patient through a decision support system. • It finds the specialist, available and the nearest hospital and book a bed in the Emergency Room. 4) The Emergency requester sends accident Information, and then receives a report by MCS. The Main Central System behavior steps can be summarizes as follows: 1) It consumes available ambulance locations 2) It confirms “take job” from ambulance system, 3) It provides report to emergency requester. 4) It sends accident information to ambulance system. The Health Record Center consumes patient ID and provides patient details. The CES subsystems are classified into consumer, provider or both roles as shown in Figure 3. The subsystems manipulate two databases: Health Record System and doctor’s information. The main four subsystems play their roles with the life cycle execution of the following web services: emergency event service, handling emergency service, ambulance role service, accessing health record service, hospital availability service, choose consultant service, hospital in action service, and best choose hospital service. In Figure 4, the design simulation illustrates the communications of CES subsystems as web-based behaviors. All these subsystems cooperate and share data using the standard WSDL template for emergency event as shown in Table 2. Table 2. Structure of the connectivity template
12 1 335.221, 3225.200 2 3 10 minutes 3.5 KM
4. Real Case Study The case study has been obtained from Riyadh city, the capital of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The city has been divided into four areas as shown in Figure 5. The detailed information about each area such as area domain, number of hospitals and others are shown in Table 3. Figure 6 shows the interactions and communications between all the subsystems of the CES in three different scenarios (cases): 1) Case 1: if accident happened in area1 (AlNasiriyah) and during the accident there was available ambulance in area1 and patient has broken bones (Available hospital in Area1) 2) Case 2: if accident happened in area1 (AlNasiriyah) and during the accident there was not any available ambulance in area1. MCS requested an available ambulance from Area2 and patient has broken bones (Available hospital in Area1). 3) Case 3: if accident happened in area1 (AlNasiriyah) and during the accident there was not any available ambulance in area1 and MCS requested an available ambulance from Area2 and patient has broken bones (But there was not any vacancy at Hospital emergency room in Area1).
Figure 3. Service Collaborations of CES
Figure 4. CES subsystems connectivity simulation
5. Conclusions and further work
Figure 5. Riyadh four areas Table 3. Details of Riyadh four areas Areas
Domain
No. Hospitals
Disciplines
Area1
South West Al-Nasiriyah
3
Area2
North West
4
Area3
North East
5
-General -Eyes -Bones -Bones -Teeth - Heart - Cancer -General -Bones -Eyes -Teeth -General - Heart - Chest
Area4
South East
3
In this paper, a new framework that handles an unexpected emergency accident has been proposed. The CES subsystems and their roles have been identified and simulated. The integrated work flow between the CES subsystems and the way to share data has been presented. The used case study obtained from real emergency system services is used to illustrate the applicability of proposed framework. As for a future work, we plan to use the quality of services (QoS) to test the performance of all subsystems with the CES framework. Also, we plan to apply how to separately control the unexpected events and the subsystems rules from the separated engines. Moreover, we plan to use scripting to model the rules within these engines. Acknowledgment This work is part of two year research project which is fully funded by a grant through KACST/ National Plan for Science and Technology in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Figure 6. Riyadh decomposition areas and Subsystems interactions
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