Monitoring thousands of distributed PV systems in the UK: Energy production and performance Jamie Taylor*1, Jonathan Leloux2, Aldous M. Everard1, Julian Briggs1, Alastair Buckley1 1 Sheffield
Solar, University of Sheffield 2 Instituto de Energía Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain * Corresponding Author
[email protected]
Sheffield Solar • Part of Project Sunshine – “The science behind food and energy sustainability” • Funded by the UoS Higher Education Innovation Fund and the EPSRC (EP/I032541/1, EP/K022229/1) • To promote knowledge transfer and new links between industry, society and academia Jamie Taylor - Sheffield Solar
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Microgen Database • Users donate PV generation data and receive FREE performance checking tools – Performance Ratio (PR) and peer-to-peer • Free to access performance maps, reports • Active forum • Generation predictor tool Jamie Taylor - Sheffield Solar
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Microgen Database • • • •
7000+ distributed PV systems 5-10k more on the way Historic data spanning up to 7 years Supplied by a combination of homeowners and commercial sources • Mostly domestic scale (< 4kWp) • Various time resolutions – from 5 minutely to monthly • After data validation and filtering, 2500+ systems are analysed Jamie Taylor - Sheffield Solar
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PR calculation Calculated from donor’s generation readings
𝜂𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑑 (𝛿𝑡) 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝛿𝑡) 𝑃𝑅(𝛿𝑡) = = 𝜂𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐 𝜂𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐 × 𝐼𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛(𝛿𝑡) Provided by donor
[1] Met Office, “Met Office Integrated Data Archive System (MIDAS) Land and Marine Surface Stations Data (1853-current),” NCAS British Atmospheric Data Centre, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/. [Accessed 17 03 2015]. [2] G. Colantuono et al., “Monitoring nationwide ensembles of PV generators: Limitations and uncertainties. The case of the UK,” Solar Energy, 2014. [3] J. A. Klein and J. C. Theilacker, “An Algorithm for Calculating Monthly-Average Radiation on Inclined Surfaces,” Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 1981.
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Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) interpolated from UK Met Office ground based pyranometers [1] as per Colantuono et al. [2]. GHI is transposed to the Global Tilted Irradiation (GTI) using Klein & Theilacker [3].
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Regional Annual Yield UK Mean = 886 kWh/kWp/Year Region 3 5E 4 5W 13 1 12 2 6 9E 10 11 7E 14 15 9S Mean Jamie Taylor - Sheffield Solar
Mean Annual Yield 2013 (kWh/kWp/yr) 1004 1000 980 977 951 945 930 930 907 879 874 866 857 848 829 777 910
Mean Annual Yield Any Year (kWh/kWp/yr) 978 974 955 952 926 921 906 906 883 856 851 844 834 826 807 757 886 7
Yearly-integrated PR Mean: 84% ± 3%
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Seasonal evolution of monthly PR: Peaks Spring/Autumn, troughs Summer/Winter
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State of the art PR increase of ~12% between 2004 and 2012 (1.5% / year)
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Conclusions • Mean annual yield in UK is 886 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑘𝑊𝑝 /𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 • Mean yearly-integrated PR for the years 2012-2014 was 84 ± 3% • Demonstrated presence of seasonal trends in mean monthly PR, with peaks in Spring/Autumn and troughs in Summer/Winter, consistent with France and Belgium [1, 2] • Observed increase in the overall performance of PV systems: clear increasing trend with a mean gradient of 1.5% per year. This increase in overall performance is coherent with the results of other studies that were recently carried out in other countries [1, 2, 3, 4]. [1] [2] [3] [4]
J. Leloux et al., “Review of the performance of residential PV systems in Belgium,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012. J. Leloux et al., “Review of the performance of residential PV systems in France,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012. A. Woyte, “Monitoring of photovoltaic systems: good practices and systematic analyses,” 29th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 2014. D. C. Jordan and S. R. Kurtz, “Reliability and Geographic Trends of 50,000 Photovoltaic Systems in the USA,” 29th European PV Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 2014. Jamie Taylor - Sheffield Solar 11
Annual Yield Yearly-integrated PR Monthly PR
Questions? State-of-the-art Jamie Taylor - Sheffield Solar
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